UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Endeligt svar på spørgsmål 133: Spm. om ministeren kan oversende de to omtalte notater vedrørende forholdene i Gaza, som blev forelagt for Flygtningenævnets koordinationsudvalg til møde den 30. november 2023? Der henvises til referatet fra mødet på fln.dk, jf. pkt. 2 på side 4.

Udlændinge- og Integrationsudvalget 2023-24
UUI Alm.del
Offentligt

Dato:

Sagsbeh.:

15. november 2023

SAEL

Notat om de generelle forhold Gaza

1. Indledning

Flygtningenævnets koordinationsudvalg drøftede på møde i udvalget den 12. oktober 2023 den

aktuelle voldelige konflikt mellem Israel og Hamas og den deraf følgende meget ustabile og ufor-

udsigelige sikkerhedssituation i Gaza. Udvalget besluttede på mødet at udsætte udrejsefristen for

statsløse palæstinensere fra Gaza, der er i udsendelsesposition. Denne beslutning vedrører to sager.

I forlængelse af mødet i koordinationsudvalget besluttede udvalget videre at berostille behandlin-

gen af sager vedrørende statsløse palæstinensere fra Gaza. Berostillelsen vedrører to sager. Der

var desuden enighed i udvalget om at følge situationen i Gaza nøje.

Siden det seneste møde i koordinationsudvalget er situationen i Gaza forværret i en sådan grad, at

det giver anledning til at foretage en nærmere overvejelse af:

•

De generelle forhold i Gaza, herunder om forholdene i Gaza eller dele af Gaza nu er af en

sådan karakter, at de opfylder betingelserne i udlændingelovens § 7, stk. 3.

•

Flygtningekonventionens artikel 1 D, herunder blandt andet UNRWAs beskyttelse og bi-

stand i Gaza.

Til brug for drøftelserne i Flygtningenævnets formandskab og koordinationsudvalg har sekretari-

atet udarbejdet nærværende notat vedrørende de generelle forhold i Gaza. Der henvises for så vidt

angår spørgsmålet om UNRWAs beskyttelse og bistand i Gaza og flygtningekonventionens artikel

1 D til særskilt notat herom.

Ved lov nr. 153 af 18. februar 2015 blev udlændingelovens § 7, stk. 3, om midlertidig beskyttel-

sesstatus indsat i udlændingeloven. Ifølge bestemmelsen gives der efter ansøgning opholdstilla-

delse med henblik på midlertidigt ophold i tilfælde, hvor risikoen for dødsstraf eller for at blive

underkastet tortur eller umenneskelig eller nedværdigende behandling eller straf har baggrund i en

særlig alvorlig situation i hjemlandet præget af vilkårlig voldsudøvelse og overgreb på civile. Som

eksempel på en situation, der vil være omfattet af bestemmelsen, nævnes i lovforslagets bemærk-

ninger til bestemmelsen situationen som forelå i Sufi og Elmi-dommen.

Den Europæiske Menneskerettighedsdomstol (EMD) udtalte i dommen Sufi og Elmi mod UK

(8319/07 og 11449/07) af 28. juni 2011, præmis 250, at den generelle vold i Mogadishu på davæ-

rende tidspunkt havde nået et niveau, hvor enhver, der vendte tilbage til byen, som udgangspunkt

ville være i reel risiko for at blive udsat for overgreb i strid med Den Europæiske Menneskerettig-

hedskonventions artikel 3 alene som følge af den blotte tilstedeværelse, medmindre vedkommende

havde tilstrækkeligt gode relationer på højeste niveau til magtfulde aktører i byen, der gjorde det



St. Kongensgade 1-3

1264 København K

Telefon: +45 3392 9600

Telefax: +45 3391 9400

E-mail: [email protected]

Hjemmeside: www.fln.dk

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Endeligt svar på spørgsmål 133: Spm. om ministeren kan oversende de to omtalte notater vedrørende forholdene i Gaza, som blev forelagt for Flygtningenævnets koordinationsudvalg til møde den 30. november 2023? Der henvises til referatet fra mødet på fln.dk, jf. pkt. 2 på side 4.

muligt for den pågældende at opnå beskyttelse. EMD opstillede i dommen følgende kriterier for

vurderingen af, hvorvidt enhver person kunne anses for at være i risiko for overgreb i strid med

Den Europæiske Menneskerettighedskonventions artikel 3 alene ved den blotte tilstedeværelse på

baggrund af den generelle sikkerhedsmæssige situation i området, jf. præmis 241:

•

hvorvidt konfliktens parter enten benytter metoder eller taktikker, som øger risikoen for

civile overgreb eller direkte tager sigte på civile,

hvorvidt disse metoder er udbredte blandt parterne i konflikten,

hvorvidt kampene finder sted i geografisk afgrænsede områder eller er udbredte og

antallet af civile, som er blevet slået ihjel, såret eller fordrevet som følge af kampene.

Det bemærkes, at såfremt koordinationsudvalget måtte finde, at de generelle forhold i Gaza er af

en sådan karakter, at der er grundlag for at meddele opholdstilladelse efter udlændingelovens § 7,

stk. 3, til ansøgere fra området, vil de pågældende, såfremt de har nydt beskyttelse eller bistand fra

UNRWA, skulle meddeles opholdstilladelse efter udlændingelovens § 7, stk. 1, jf. flygtningekon-

ventionens artikel 1 D, med henvisning til, at de pågældende på grund af de generelle forhold i

området ikke vil kunne henvises til at modtage beskyttelse og bistand fra UNRWA.

Til brug for drøftelserne i Flygtningenævnets formandskab og koordinationsudvalg har sekretari-

atet udarbejdet ugentlige opsummeringer af baggrundsoplysningerne udgivet i perioden fra den 7.

oktober til og med den 15. november 2023. I forlængelse heraf er der indsat udvalgte uddrag af

baggrundsoplysningerne. Notatet skal læses i sammenhæng med det af Udlændingestyrelsen ud-

arbejdede notat ”Sikkerhed og den humanitære situation i Gaza” udgivet den 17. november 2023.

Nærværende notat vil blive opdateret med oplysninger fra perioden 16. november – 28. november

2023.

Generelt vedrørende baggrundsoplysningerne på Gaza bemærkes det, at der, henset til den aktuelle

voldelige konflikts nylige opståen, endnu ikke er udarbejdet større rapporter fra anerkendte inter-

nationale kilder. Det bemærkes i den forbindelse, at manglende adgang for internationale journa-

lister til Gaza

samt kommunikation-breakdowns i Gaza

vanskeliggør adgangen til pålidelige,

dækkende og opdaterede oplysninger om situationen i Gaza. Det betyder, at store dele af oplys-

ningerne, som fremgår af baggrundsmaterialet, stammer fra tilstedeværende FN-organer, herunder

UNRWA og WHO, samt fra tilstedeværende NGO’er, herunder MSF, og de palæstinensiske myn-

digheder, hvis oplysninger ikke er valideret af internationale anerkendte kilder.

Endelig skal det bemærkes, at udvælgelsen af materialet er fokuseret på den generelle sikkerheds-

situation i form af angreb mod civile og civile mål samt antallet af internt fordrevne.

CNN. News organizations send letter to leaders of Israel and Egypt seeking access to Gaza Strip as war escalates.

Udgivet den 13. november 2023

CNN. Communications in Gaza are heavily disrupted with little internet service. Udgivet den 13. november 2023

og CNN. Gaza is in the brink of a communication blackout, Palestinian telecommunication minister warns. Udgivet

den 13. november 2023

2. Baggrundsoplysninger om de generelle forhold

Hamas indledte tidligt om morgenen den 7. oktober 2023 et terrorangreb på Israel. Den 8. oktober

2023 erklærede Israels premierminister Benjamin Netanyahu formelt, at Israel er i krig

Gaza har siden den 7. oktober 2023 været under massive luftangreb og den 27. oktober 2023 ind-

ledte det israelske militær en landsoffensiv

, hvilket har ført til væbnede kampe mellem det isra-

elske militær og Hamas på landjorden i Gaza.

Det er ikke muligt for indbyggerne i Gaza at forlade området. Der er dog få gange lukket op for

udrejse gennem Rafah-grænseovergangen til Egypten for udenlandske statsborgere og personer

med dobbelt statsborgerskab, ligesom ganske få alvorligt syge personer er eskorteret ud af Gaza.

Den 13. oktober 2023 opfordrede de israelske myndigheder indbyggere i det nordlige Gaza og

Gaza by til at drage mod syd for beskyttelse, hvilket har ført til at flere hundredetusinde indbyggere

har forladt det nordlige Gaza

. Den voldelige konflikt har ifølge baggrundsoplysninger ikke været

geografisk afgrænset hertil, men Gaza by og det nordlige Gaza har været hårdest ramt for så vidt

angår angreb og tabstal.

Ifølge de palæstinensiske myndigheder har den voldelige konflikt pr. 10. november 2023 resulteret

i 11.078 døde, hvoraf 68 % af det samlede antal døde angiveligt er kvinder og børn, 27.490 sårede

og cirka 1,6 millioner internt fordrevne

. De palæstinensiske myndigheder har på baggrund af ”the

collapse of services and communications at hospitals in the north”

ikke opdateret tabstal siden

den 10. november 2023.

Blandt det samlede antal døde er blandt andet 4506 børn, 47 journalister,

192 sundhedspersonale og 102 UNRWA-ansatte. Adskillige hospitaler, ambulancer, beboelses-

ejendomme safezones/evakueringsruter, flygtningelejre, skoler, moskeer og kirker har siden den

7. oktober været ramt af angreb.

De palæstinensiske myndigheder har pr. 6. november 2023

blandt andet oplyst, at 135 sundhedsfaciliteter er blevet ramt, at 45% af Gazas beboelsesejen-

domme er ødelagt eller beskadiget og at 285 uddannelsesfaciliteter er beskadiget.

Derudover har Gaza siden den 9. oktober været under bloklade af de israelske myndigheder, hvil-

ket har bidraget til, at den humanitære situation er yderst kritisk.

2.1 Uge 1 (7 – 14. oktober 2023)

Ifølge baggrundsoplysningerne har Gaza ved udgangen af konfliktens 1. uge været under tilta-

gende bombardementer siden Hamas’s angreb den 7. oktober, hvilket ifølge oplysningerne ved

Federal Office for Migration and Refugees. Briefing Notes. Udgivet den 9. oktober 2023, side 9

OCHAoPt. Hostilities in the Gaza Strip and Israel – Flash update 21. Udgivet den 27. oktober 2023, side 205

Federal Office for Migration and Refugees. Briefing Notes. Udgivet den 16. oktober 2023, side 7

ACLED. Fact Sheet - Israel and Palestine Conflict. Udgivet den 9. og senest opdateret den 31. oktober 2023

OCHAoPt. Hostilities in the Gaza Strip and Israel – Reported impact, Day 39. Udgivet den 14. november 2023, side

138 f.

OCHAoPt. Hostilities in the Gaza Strip and Israel – Flash update 39. Udgivet den 14. november 2023, side 394.

Ibid.

OCHAoPt. Hostilities in the Gaza Strip and Israel – Reported impact, Day 39. Udgivet den 14. november 2023,

side 138 f.

Ibid.

udgangen af konfliktens 1. uge resulterede i 2670 døde og 8744 sårede i Gaza. Det fremgår videre

af baggrundsoplysningerne, at angrebene ramte adskillige civile, herunder blandt andet journali-

ster, sundhedspersonale, evakueringsruter og sundhedsfaciliteter. Bombardementerne og den af de

israelske myndigheder udstedte evakueringsordre resulterede i, at 600.000 blev internt fordrevet

fra det nordlige Gaza til det centrale og sydlige Gaza.

2.1.2 Uddrag af baggrundsoplysninger vedrørende perioden 7 – 14. oktober 2023

Sikkerhedssituationen

OCHAoPt. Hostilities in the Gaza Strip and Israel - Flash Update 9. Udgivet den 15. Oktober 2023, side 70 f.f. i den

samlede PDF

“

[…]

Hostilities and casualties

[…]

Since the start of hostilities, 2,670 Palestinians have been killed and 9,600 have been injured. The fatality toll in Gaza

during the eight days of hostilities has already surpassed the total number of fatalities during the 2014 escalation,

which lasted for over seven weeks (2,251 Palestinian fatalities). […]

According to the Ministry of Health in Gaza, as of 15 October at 8:00, 47 entire families have been killed, amounting

to about 500 people.

Human rights organizations have expressed concern over incidents where civilians and civilian objects appear to

have been directly targeted by Israeli airstrikes.

[…]”

Amnesty International. Damning evidence of war crimes as Israeli attacks wipe out entire families in Gaza. Udgivet

den 20. oktober 2023.

“Damning

evidence of war crimes as Israeli attacks wipe out entire families in Gaza

As Israeli forces continue to intensify their cataclysmic assault on the occupied Gaza Strip, Amnesty International has

documented unlawful Israeli attacks, including indiscriminate attacks, which caused mass civilian casualties and must

be investigated as war crimes.

The organization spoke to survivors and eyewitnesses, analysed satellite imagery, and verified photos and videos to

investigate air bombardments carried out by Israeli forces between 7 and 12 October, which caused horrific destruc-

tion, and in some cases wiped out entire families.[…]

[…]”

ACLED. Fact Sheet - Israel and Palestine Conflict. Udgivet den 9. og senest opdateret den 31. oktober 2023

“[…]

Update: 13. Oktober 2023

[…]

Unprecedented Israeli Airstrike Campaign Targets Gaza

Since repelling the Hamas ground offensive, Israel has intensified its airstrikes on Gaza, which have killed nearly

1,800 people as of Friday afternoon.

Densely populated residential areas in northern Gaza have been de-

stroyed,

with little indication that the Israeli military has tempered its response in the face of Hamas threats to

execute hostages if airstrikes continue to hit civilian targets without warning.

While satellite images suggest that

entire neighborhoods have been leveled by the airstrikes, the IDF insists that it is only striking military tar-

gets.

ACLED has so far recorded 23 distinct localities in all five Gazan governorates, as well as 10 neighborhoods

and a refugee camp inside Gaza City, that have been bombarded by Israel during the period of 7-12 October (see

map below). The retaliatory campaign is believed to be the most intense Israeli bombardment in the seven decades of

conflict between Israel and Palestine.

Israel has also now put Gaza under a complete siege, with Israeli Defense Minister Yoav Gallant announcing that the

coastal enclave would receive “no electricity, no food, no water, no fuel.” The majority of Gaza’s electricity comes

from Israeli power lines,52 and its only power station ran out of fuel Wednesday, meaning that Gaza will soon be

without electricity.

Israel has also now put Gaza under a complete siege, with Israeli Defense Minister Yoav Gallant announcing that the

coastal enclave would receive “no electricity, no food, no water, no fuel.” The majority of Gaza’s electricity comes

from Israeli power lines,

and its only power station ran out of fuel Wednesday, meaning that Gaza will soon be

without electricity.

More than 420,000 Palestinians have been internally displaced.

Egypt closed its border crossing with Gaza on

Tuesday after Israeli forces bombed the area several times, and has said that it will not allow a mass exodus of Gazans

across its border.

In the wake of a 16-year blockade that had severely restricted the movement of goods and people,

Gazan civilians are facing a humanitarian crisis.

[…]”

Federal Office for Migration and Refugees. Briefing Notes. Udgivet den 16. oktober 2023

”Vast

numbers of people flee their homes in the Gaza Strip

[…]

On 13.10.23 more than 70 people died in an explosion on an evacuation route which Israel had declared to be

safe.[…]”

Human Rights Watch. Questions and Answers on Israel’s Use of White Phosphorus in Gaza and Lebanon. Udgivet

den 12. oktober 2023

“Human Rights Watch has determined based on verified video and witness accounts that

Israeli forces used white phosphorus in military operations in Lebanon and Gaza on October 10 and 11,2023, respec-

tively. The videos show multiple airbursts of artillery-fired white phosphorus over the Gaza City port and two rural

locations along the Israel-Lebanon border.

White phosphorus, which can be used as a smokescreen or a weapon, has the potential to cause civilian harm due to

the severe burns it causes and its lingering long-term effects on survivors. Its use in densely populated areas of Gaza

violates the requirement under that parties to the conflict take all feasible precautions to avoid civilian injury and loss

of life.

[…]

[…]”

OCHAoPt. Hostilities in the Gaza Strip and Israel - Flash Update 9. Udgivet den 15. oktober 2023

“[…]

Hostilities and casualties

[…]

“According to the Gaza Ministry of Public Works, as of 13 October, 7,000 housing units have been destroyed and

4,887 housing units have been damaged and rendered uninhabitable.

Twenty-four health facilities have been damaged, including six hospitals. Three of the latter in northern Gaza (Beit

Hanoun, Hamad Rehabilitation, and Ad Dura) had to be evacuated.

As of 13 October, 144 educational facilities had been hit by airstrikes, including 20 UNRWA schools, of which two

were used as emergency shelters for IDPs, and 165 Palestinian Authority (PA) schools, one of which was destroyed.

Eleven mosques were targeted and destroyed, and seven churches and mosques were damaged. Water and sanitation

facilities have also been severely damaged. As of 12 October, at least six water wells, three water pumping stations,

one water reservoir, and one desalination plant serving over 1,100,000 people were damaged.

[…]

Humanitarian operations

[…]

The WHO Surveillance System for Attacks on Health Care has recorded 48 health attacks since the beginning of

hostilities, which included the killings of 12 health workers and the injury of 20 others while on duty. At least 12

UNRWA staff were also killed.

[…]”

Internt fordrevne

OCHAoPt. Hostilities in the Gaza Strip and Israel - Flash Update 9. Udgivet den 15. oktober 2023

“[…]

Displacement

As of 14 October in the afternoon hours, an estimated 600,000 people are displaced to the southern half of Gaza, with

about 300,000 people situated in UNRWA designated emergency shelters (DES), and the rest in public facilities and

with host families. Since then, this figure has increased significantly. The number of IDPs in Gaza city and northern

Gaza cannot be determined due insecurity and constant movement of people.

[…]”

2.2 Uge 2 (15 – 22. oktober 2023)

Ifølge baggrundsoplysningerne fastholdt det israelske militær deres opfordring til folk i det norlige

Gaza og Gaza by om at søge syd for Wadi Gaza. I perioden blev der fortsat udført tiltagende

bombardementer i hele Gaza med adskillige døde, sårede og internt fordrevne til følge.

Ved udgangen af konfliktens 2. uge var det samlede dødstal ifølge baggrundsoplysningerne på

5087, hvoraf over halvdelen er kvinder og børn. Omkring 67 procent af de samlede dødsfald blev

rapporteret i Gaza by og det nordlige Gaza. Antallet af sårede var 15273 og det samlede antal

internt fordrevne var på over 1.4 millioner mennesker.

Sikkerhedssituationen

OCHA. Hostilities in the Gaza Strip and Israel - Flash Update 17. Udgivet den 23. oktober 2023

”[…]

Hostilities and casualties

[…]

Since 7 October, 5,087 Palestinians have been killed, including at least 2,055 children and 1,119 women, and about

15,273 have been injured, according to the MoH in Gaza. Some 67 per cent of the total Palestinian fatalities were

reported in Gaza city and North Gaza governorates. […]

[…]

ACLED. Fact Sheet - Israel and Palestine Conflict. Udgivet den 9. og senest opdateret den 31. oktober 2023.

“[…]

The Humanitarian Crisis Worsens in the Gaza Strip

Israel has continued to intensify airstrikes on Gaza (see map below), with the estimated Palestinian death toll inside

the coastal enclave climbing to over 3,450

— among them more than 1,000 children, according to Save the Chil-

dren.

The number of Palestinian fatalities has already surpassed that of the 51-day Israel-Gaza conflict in 2014.

2.2.1 Uddrag af baggrundsoplysninger for perioden

During the second week of the conflict, Israel repeated orders for the forced evacuation of northern Gaza — including

22 hospitals — despite World Health Organization (WHO) warnings about its impact on thousands of patients.23

Over 600,000 Palestinians are believed to have already fled northern Gaza amid heavy airstrikes and the looming

threat of a ground invasion.

Israeli airstrikes have also hit central and southern Gaza. Dozens of airstrikes targeted the southern governorates of

Rafah and Khan Yunis and the central governorate of Dayr al-Balah during the second week of the conflict, resulting

in hundreds of fatalities. On 17 October alone, these strikes killed more than 100 Palestinians in Khan Yunis — most

of whom evacuated from northern Gaza — while at least 49 people died in airstrikes at the Rafah border crossing.

Strikes have hit other shelters and refugee areas, including a United Nations-run school in al-Maghazi refugee camp

in central Gaza on 17 October. Israel has claimed that its airstrikes in central and southern Gaza are aimed at Hamas

forces hiding in the area.[…]”

Amid a UN warning that no area in the Gaza Strip is safe for Palestinians to hide from airstrikes,

thousands of

Palestinians have remained in northern Gaza, taking shelter in schools and hospitals.

In the deadliest incident in

Gaza since the start of the current conflict, a blast at al-Ahli Hospital in Gaza City killed over 470 Palestinians and

injured hundreds more.

Israel has blamed the strike on misfired PIJ rockets, while Hamas has claimed that the

hospital was hit by Israeli airstrikes.

[…]

[…]“

International Crisis Group. A Ceasefire in Gaza. Udgivet den 18. Oktober 2023

“[…]

In the evening of 17 October, a blast at a hospital in Gaza City killed 471 people, according to local authorities, the

vast majority civilians. The health ministry in Gaza blamed an Israeli airstrike; Israel, later backed by the U.S.,

pointed to errant Palestinian militant rocket fire. Overnight, northern Gaza endured heavy Israeli bombardment, as

it has done now for ten days, with areas in the south to which many people had fled also coming under fire.

[…]”

OCHAoPt. Hostilities in the Gaza Strip and Israel - Flash Update 16. Udgivet den 22. oktober 2023

“[…]

Hostilities and casualties

Intense Israeli airstrikes and shelling across the Gaza Strip continued in the past 24 hours (as of 17:00 on 22 October).

Nearly two-thirds of the fatalities during this period, 170 Palestinians, were recorded in the Middle Area, particularly

in Al Bureij and Nuseirat camps and Deir Al Balah town, according to reports by medical and other sources. Airstrikes

hitting three residential buildings in Khan Younis and Rafah reportedly resulted in the killing of 38 people. These

localities are south of Wadi Gaza, the area into which Israeli authorities have ordered residents of northern Gaza to

move. […].”

[…]

As of 19 October, the World Health Organization (WHO) had documented 62 attacks on health care affecting 29

health care facilities (including 19 hospitals damaged) and 23 ambulances. Seven hospitals, all in Gaza city and

northern Gaza, were forced to shut down due to the damage they sustained, lack of power and supplies and/or evac-

uation orders.

[…]”

OCHAoPt. Hostilities in the Gaza Strip and Israel - Flash Update 17. Udgivet den 23. oktober 2023

”Hostilities

and casualties

Massive Israeli bombardments from the air and land intensified overnight across the Gaza Strip. The Israeli military

indicated that they have attacked 320 targets, a three-fold increase compared to previous days. Among the deadliest

attacks recorded in the past 24 hours were several airstrikes on residential buildings in Jabalia Refugee Camp, north-

ern Gaza (at least 63 fatalities); Rafah city (at least 43 fatalities); in Deir Al-Balah (14 fatalities) and in Khan Younis

(11 fatalities).

[…]

As of 21 October, 206 educational facilities have been affected, including at least 29 UNRWA schools. Eight of these

schools were used as emergency shelters for IDPs, with one of them being directly hit, resulting in at least eight IDPs

killed, and 40 others injured.

The Gaza Ministry of Public Works reported the destruction of 15,749 housing units and the rendering of 10,935 other

units uninhabitable, as of 21 October. Another 142,500 housing units sustained minor to moderate damage. The total

number of housing units reported as destroyed or damaged accounts for at least 43 per cent of all housing units in

the Gaza Strip. Entire neighborhoods have been destroyed, particularly in Beit Hanoun, Beit Lahia, and Ash

Shuja’iyeh, the area between Gaza and Ash Shati’ Refugee Camp, and Abbassan Kabeera. As of 19 October, new

sat-

ellite imagery

produced by UNOSAT shows the large scope of destruction.

[…]”

Internt fordrevne

OCHA. Hostilities in the Gaza Strip and Israel - Flash Update 17. Udgivet den 23. oktober 2023

“[…]

Displacement

The cumulative number of IDPs since the start of hostilities in Gaza is estimated at over 1.4 million.[…]

[…]”

2.3 Uge 3 (23 – 30. oktober 2023)

Ifølge baggrundsoplysningerne var der i konfliktens 3. uge en hidtil uset eskalering af bombarde-

menterne, særligt op til, at det israelske militær den 27. oktober indledte en landsoffensiv i det

nordlige Gaza. Ved udgangen af konfliktens 3. uge var der ifølge oplysninger fra de palæstinensi-

ske myndigheder 8309 døde, hvoraf 70% er kvinder og børn, og 2/3 dele af de døde var blevet

slået ihjel i deres hjem. 21048 var på dette tidspunkt såret. Antallet af intern fordrevne var fortsat

på over 1.4 millioner.

2.3.1 Uddrag af baggrundsoplysninger i perioden

Sikkerhedssitiationen

OCHAoPt. Hostilities in the Gaza Strip and Israel - Flash Update 24. Udgivet den 30. oktober 2023

Hostilities and casualties

[…]

Since 7 October, 8,309 Palestinians have been killed, including at least 3,457 children* and at least 2,062 women,

and about 21,048 have been injured, according to the MoH in Gaza. Among these fatalities, 995 have not been iden-

tified yet, including at least 248 children.

[…]

According to the MoH in Gaza, over two thirds of the fatalities have been reportedly killed in their homes. Relatedly,

a total of 192 Palestinian families have lost ten or more of their members, 136 Palestinian families have lost 6 to 9

members, and 444 families have lost two to five of their members, the Ministry says.

Since 7 October, 19 IDPs sheltering in UNRWA premises have been killed and 310 have been injured. In total, 44

UNRWA installations have been damaged since 7 October.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has documented three new attacks on health care since noon on 29 October,

with damage to two hospitals and destruction of an ambulance. One of the attacks on 30 October was against the

PRCS Al Quds Hospital, in Tel Al Hawa neighbourhood of Gaza city, where damages due to nearby bombardment

resulted in severe debris and dust entering the hospital with inhalation and suffocation among patients, staff, and

IDPs.

Additionally, on 30 October, Israeli forces continued for the second consecutive day to target the vicinity of hospitals

causing damage to An Nasser hospital, the Turkish Friendship Hospital (the only cancer hospital), and an UNRWA

health centre. Additionally, the PRCS warehouses next to Al Quds Hospital were hit and damaged.

[…]”

OCHAoPt. Hostilities in the Gaza Strip and Israel - Flash Update 17. Udgivet den 23. oktober 2023

“

[…]

Hostilities and casualties

[…]

As of 23 October, the World Health Organization (WHO) has documented 72 attacks on health care in the Gaza Strip

that have resulted in 16 fatalities and 30 injuries of health care workers on duty. The attacks have affected 34 health

care facilities (including 19 hospitals damaged) and 24 ambulances. Twelve hospitals and 46 primary care clinics

are no longer functioning, while all hospitals are implementing emergency contingency plans that affect functioning

and access to health care. The extent of damage sustained by educational facilities and other civilian infrastructure

is a growing concern

[…]”

ACLED. Fact Sheet - Israel and Palestine Conflict. Udgivet den 9. og senest opdateret den 31. oktober 2023.

”Update: 31. October 2023

[…]

Unprecedented Israeli Aerial Bombardment of Gaza Leads into Ground Operation

Israeli airstrikes have continued unabated across the coastal enclave since 7 October, with the Gaza Health Ministry

indicating that the death toll has surpassed 8,000 people, the majority of whom are children and women. The scale of

Israel’s aerial campaign during the first phase of operations has been unprecedented, with the IDF firing more than

8,000 munitions into the Gaza Strip within three weeks. ACLED records over 600 airstrike events in 54 locations

during this period. Despite Gaza’s small size of just 360 square kilometers, this represents the highest number of

airstrike events recorded within a single month for any country or territory in the Middle East since 2020. (see graph

below)

While Israel has conducted hundreds of airstrikes across all governorates in the Gaza Strip, Gaza City in the north

has seen the most intense bombardment (see map below). Israel has issued warnings that shelters are not safe in

northern Gaza, urging civilians to evacuate to the south,

but 600,000 people are believed to remain in the north.

IDF

missiles struck a Greek Orthodox Church in Gaza City, killing at least 16 Palestinians, on 19 October. Israel has been

also increasingly pressuring hospitals in northern Gaza – including al-Quds hospital sheltering hundreds of patients

and over 14,000 displaced people – to evacuate, conducting airstrikes in the vicinity of the health facilities.

Despite

the evacuation orders, Israeli forces have also continued to target areas in the south.

Following a night of heavy bombardment as well as a communications and internet outage, Israeli ground forces

entered the Gaza Strip on 27 October, with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu officially announcing the start of the

“second stage” of the war a day later. While the IDF has remained vague about the location and number of Israeli

troops already deployed, its forces are believed to be pushing forward slowly and cautiously in three entry zones (see

map below). Tanks and armored vehicles have entered the semi-rural area to the north of Gaza City, while IDF forces

have clashed with Hamas militants adjacent to the Erez crossing at entrances of the group’s underground network.

By 30 October there were reports that Israeli tanks had reached Gaza’s main north-south road in an effort to cut

Gaza City off from the south. On 31 October, clashes were reported in the al-Tawam area, northwest of Gaza City.

[…]”

Insecurity Insight. Attacks on Health Care in Israel and the occupied Palestinian territories. Udgivet i oktober 2023

“[…]

Insecurity Insight has identified 171 incidents of violence against or obstruction of access to health care in Israel and

the occupied Palestinian territories between 07-31 October 2023. […]

[…]

“In the oPt where 163 incidents were recorded, 30 incidents reported health facilities being extensively damaged,

some facilities were damaged more than once, 47 health workers were killed in 26 incidents and 26 injured in 12

incidents by explosive weapons used by Israeli forces in Gaza.

[…]”

Internt fordrevne

OCHAoPt. Hostilities in the Gaza Strip and Israel - Flash Update 24. Udgivet den 30. oktober 2023

“[…]

Displacement

The cumulative number of IDPs since the start of hostilities in Gaza is estimated at over 1.4 million. This figure

includes nearly 672,00 people staying in 150 UNRWA facilities, 121,750 sheltering in hospitals, churches, and other

public buildings, and nearly 83,000 in 72 non-UNRWA schools. In addition, the Ministry of Social Development esti-

mates that some 700,000 IDPs are residing with host families.

[…]”

2.4 Uge 4 (31. oktober – 7. november 2023)

Uddrag af baggrundsoplysninger i perioden

RSF – Reporters Sans Frontières. Israel-Palestine war. 41 journalists, more than one a day, killed in first month of

Israel-Palestine war. Udgivet den 7. november 2023

“A

total of 41 journalists have so far been killed in the Israel-Palestine war which began on 7 October. 36 among

them are Palestinian reporters killed by Israeli strikes in the Gaza Strip.

[…]

Nowhere is safe for journalists in the Gaza Strip. Whether they are out in the open, operating in press tents set up

near hospitals, or working in their homes or makeshift shelters with their loved ones, the reporters in the Gaza Strip

who continue to cover one of this century’s deadliest wars are in constant, imminent danger of death.

Just one month after the shocking attack by Hamas and Israel’s armed response, the toll is terrifying – no fewer than

36 journalists killed by Israeli strikes in Gaza in 31 days of war.

[…]

Disregard for obligation to protect journalists

The Israeli authorities have repeatedly said that their armed forces are “not targeting journalists” but they have not

hidden their lack of interest in protecting them either. According to the information so far gathered by RSF, ten of

the 36 journalists killed in the Gaza Strip were killed while clearly covering the news.

More than 50 media premises have been completely or partially destroyed by Israeli strikes. The latest was

the

Agence France-Presse bureau on 3 November.

Five days earlier, on 28 October, at the start of a

media black-

out

imposed

during a ground operation,

the Israel Defence Forces (IDF) notified AFP and the Reuters news agency

that they could not “guarantee the safety of their journalists in Gaza.”

[…]”

2.5 Uge 5 (8 – 15. november 2023)

2.4.1 Uddrag af baggrundsoplysninger i perioden

UNWRA. Situation Report 29 on the situation in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, including East Jerusalem. Udgivet

den 13. november 2023, s. 119-126 i den samlede PDF

“Key points

The Gaza Strip

•

In the last 24 hours, one UNRWA staff member was killed with her family in the north of the Gaza Strip due

to strikes. In total, 102 UNRWA colleagues have been killed and at least 27 injured since the beginning of

the hostilities. This is the highest number of United Nations aid workers killed in a conflict in the history of

the United Nations.

•

One UNRWA school in the north and one UNRWA building designated as a residence for UN interna-

tional staff in Rafah area were directly hit by strikes.

UN international staff present in Rafah had left the

building 90 minutes before the strike. No casualties were reported among the staff although the guesthouse

was severely damaged. This strike is yet another indication that nowhere is safe in Gaza. The coordinates

of the UN international staff guesthouse were shared twice, including on 10 November. UNRWA shares

coordinates of all its facilities across the Gaza Strip with parties to the conflict.

•

In an UNRWA school in the Middle area, three internally displaced people were injured due to a nearby

strike.

•

UNRWA received extremely concerning reports that Israeli Security Forces (ISF) entered one UNRWA

school and two UNRWA health centres in the Gaza Strip with tanks and used the installations for military

operations. UNRWA is further verifying these reports.

[…]

Humanitarian access & protection of civilians

The Gaza Strip

•

One UNRWA colleague was killed with her family in the North area due to strikes. 102 staff members have

been killed since the beginning of the war.

•

Nearly one third of the UNRWA colleagues who were killed were below the Wadi Gaza line,

in the south-

ern and middle areas of the Gaza Strip.

•

One UNRWA school in the north was directly impacted by a strike that hit the middle of the schoolyard.

No injuries were reported but the strike caused damage to the school building and created a large hole in

the middle of the schoolyard. According to the latest available reports, over 8,300 internally displaced peo-

ple (IDPs) were sheltering in the school as of 12 October.

•

An UNRWA building used as a residence by international UN staff in Rafah was directly hit by artillery

fire.

The upper floor of the building, the internal compound and the perimeter wall were severely damaged.

No injuries were reported as the international UN staff had left the location shortly before the strikes.

•

Due to strikes close to one UNRWA school in Deir Al-Balah, in the Middle areas, three IDPs were injured

by shrapnel that fell inside the school. 4,000 IDPs are sheltering in the school.

•

UNRWA received extremely concerning reports that Israeli Security Forces (ISF) entered one school

and two health centres in Gaza city with tanks and used the installations for military operations.

The re-

ports received by UNRWA state that ISF conducted interrogations and arrests of IDPs in the installations.

In one health centre, five people were reportedly killed.

According to the reports, IDPs were subsequently

forced to leave the UNRWA installations and move south towards Wadi Gaza. Witnesses reported that

Israeli Forces then struck the two health centres with artillery fire. UNRWA is further verifying these

reports. If confirmed, the military use of UNRWA facilities raises serious concerns, as such use puts ci-

vilians at serious risk of harm.

Directing attacks against civilian objects is a serious violation of interna-

tional law. Health centres, in particular, are also afforded special protection against attack.

•

At least 561 IDPs sheltering in UNRWA premises have been injured and 66 killed since 7 October.

The

number of killed and injured IDPs is likely to be higher as UNRWA is still trying to verify casualties of in-

cidents impacting her installations in the North and in Gaza areas.

•

At least 63 UNRWA installations have been impacted since the beginning of the war.

Most of these are

south of Wadi Gaza, in the middle and southern areas.

[…]”

UNWRA. Situation Report 30 on the situation in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank (including East Jerusalem)

Udgivet den 14. november 2023, s. 127-132 i den samlede PDF

Humanitarian access & protection of civilians

The Gaza Strip

•

One UNRWA colleague was injured while she was travelling in an UNRWA vehicle that sustained collateral

damage due to strikes nearby, in Nuseirat camp, Middle Area. 102 colleagues have been killed since the

beginning of the war.

•

Nearly one third of the UNRWA colleagues who were killed were below the Wadi Gaza line,

in the southern

and middle areas of the Gaza Strip.

•

UNRWA received another extremely concerning report that Israeli Forces entered an UNRWA school in

Gaza City and used the installation for military operations, including using it as a sniper position. UNRWA

is further verifying this report. If confirmed, the military use of UNRWA facilities raises serious concerns,

as such use puts civilians at serious risk of harm, in addition to being a severe breach of UN privileges and

immunities.

•

Due to strikes close to one UNRWA school in Nuseirat camp, in the Middle area, two IDPs were injured by

shrapnel that fell inside the school. Over 6,400 IDPs are sheltering in the school.

•

At least 563 IDPs sheltering in UNRWA premises have been injured and 71 killed since 7 October. The

number of killed and injured IDPs is likely to be higher as UNRWA is still trying to verify casualties of

incidents impacting its installations in the North and Gaza areas.

•

At least 64 UNRWA installations have been impacted since the beginning of the war.

[…]”

OCHAoPt. Hostilities in the Gaza Strip and Israel Flash update 39. Udgivet den 14. November 2023

“[…]

Hostilities and casualties (Gaza Strip)

Overnight (13-14 November), clashes continued between Israeli forces and Palestinian armed groups in and around

Gaza city as well as in several areas in the North Gaza governorate and in Khan Younis (in the south). Intense strikes

by Israeli forces also continue in the south, and ground incursions appear to continue in the area south-east of Khan

Yunis. Israeli ground troops have maintained the effective severance of the north from the south, except for the “cor-

ridor” to the south

[…]

“Displacement

(Gaza Strip)

On 14 November, for the twelfth consecutive day, the Israeli military – which has called and exerted pressure on

residents of the north to leave southwards – opened a “corridor” along the main traffic artery, Salah Ad Deen

Road, between 9:00 and 16:00. OCHA’s monitoring team estimates that about 17,000-18,000 moved on 14 Novem-

ber, significantly less than in the previous days.

Numerous reports indicate that Israeli forces have been carrying out arrests among IDPs fleeing through the corri-

dor, alongside allegations of beating, stripping and other forms of violence.[…]

[…]

Over 1.5 million people in Gaza are estimated to be internally displaced, including about 787,000 IDPs who are

staying in at least 154 UNRWA shelters.[…]