UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

Udlændinge- og Integrationsudvalget 2023-24
UUI Alm.del Bilag 104
Offentligt

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION COI

FFM REPORT

Udlændinge- og Integrationsudvalget 2023-24

UUI Alm.del - Bilag 104

Offentligt

Ma h

Uk ai e

Mo ilisatio

us.dk

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

This epo t is ot, a d does ot pu po t to e, a detailed o o p ehe si e su e of all

aspe ts of the issues add essed. It should thus e eighed agai st othe ou t of o igi

i fo atio a aila le o the topi .

The epo t at ha d does ot i lude a poli e o

e datio s. The i fo atio does

ot e essa il efle t the opi io of the Da ish I

ig atio Se i e DIS o the Da ish

Refugee Cou il DRC .

Fu the o e, this epo t is ot o lusi e as to the dete i atio o e it of a

pa ti ula lai to efugee status o as lu . Te i olog used should ot e ega ded as

i di ati e of a pa ti ula legal positio .

The Danish Immigration Service

Farimagsvej 51A

4700 Næstved

Denmark

Phone: +45 35 36 66 00

us.dk

March 2024

All ights ese ed to the Da ish I

ig atio Se i e.

The pu li atio a e do loaded fo f ee at e tode a k.dk

The Da ish I

ig atio Se i e s pu li atio s a e uoted ith lea sou e efe e e.

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

Executive summary

As a ule, all Uk ai ia

e aged et ee

a d

a e lia le fo

o ilisatio .

The A ed Fo es of Uk ai e o ilises diffe e t atego ies of p ofiles, ased o

ilita

a kg ou d, p ofessio s, e pe tise a d eeds. As the egula o s iptio of e et ee

a d

ea s is suspe ded du i g a tial la , e i this age atego a e, ge e all , ot o ilised,

u less ha i g o pleted ilita se i e efo e Fe ua

. Othe p ofiles lia le fo ilita

se i e i lude Uk ai ia atio als esidi g a oad, Uk ai ia s ith dual itize ship as ell as

so e atego ies of o e .

So e atego ies of pe so s a e eligi le fo e e ptio f o

o ilisatio , su h as pe so s ith

disa ilities a d a etake s. The p o edu e fo appl i g fo e e ptio is i egula a d the e a e

ases of pe so s ei g o ilised despite ha i g a fo al justifi atio fo e e ptio . Mo eo e , it

is possi le to appl fo defe e t, although the e a e e a ples of iolatio s i the p o edu e.

Pe so s lia le fo ilita se i e e ei e a su

o s lette i pe so that ust e sig ed upo

e eipt, afte hi h the ust app oa h the Te ito ial Re uit e t a d So ial Suppo t Ce t e

TRC ithi a spe ifi pe iod fo ilita egist atio a d u de go a edi al e a i atio . The

p o edu e of o ilisatio is ot digitalised a d ha dled a uall , gi i g ise to i egula it a d

o uptio . The e is a p e ale e of fo eful o ilisatio i all egio s, i ol i g ele e ts of

i ti idatio , iole e a d agg essio

e uit e t offi e s. The du atio of se i e i the

ilita is ot s ste ati all egulated, a d, i ge e al, it is diffi ult to e de o ilised o g a ted

lea e of a se e. Besides ou ded se i e e , the o sulted sou es had o e a ples of

se i e e ei g de o ilised. Mo eo e , the e a e epo ts of i suffi ie t ilita t ai i g a d

o ditio s du i g ua te i g.

U de a tial la , the e is o legal fou datio fo e e ptio f o

o ilisatio o g ou ds of

o s ie tious o je tio , a d alte ati e se i e is the efo e ot a optio . The efo e, efusal to

se e ith efe e e to o s ie tious o je tio is o side ed as d aft e asio a d pu isha le ith

i p iso e t, hi h is e fo ed i p a ti e.

It is a i i al offe e to e ade o ilisatio o to dese t f o se i e. Si e the adoptio of

a e d e ts i Ja ua

that i t odu ed ha she pu ish e t to dese te s a d e ade s, it is

u e tai to hi h e te t the a e ded legislatio has ee e fo ed i p a ti e, a d epo tedl ,

the e has ot ee esta lished legal p a ti e et. Legall , d aft e ade s a d dese te s etu i g

f o a oad a e su je t to p ose utio , although it is ot lea hethe the i p a ti e fa e

p ose utio due to li ited legal p a ti e to date.

Co uptio i the o ilisatio p o edu es is p e ale t a d idesp ead at all le els of the ilita

s ste , ostl i the Milita Medi al Co

issio s MMC due to ague legal egulatio s a d la k

of digitalisatio . Mo eo e , the e is a high p e ale e of pe so s lia le fo ilita se i e ho pa

i es to i u e t o ilisatio .

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

Table of contents

Executive summary ...................................................................................................................1

Introduction and methodology ..................................................................................................5

Historical background ...............................................................................................................7

Abbreviations ...........................................................................................................................8

Glossary....................................................................................................................................9

Map of Ukraine ....................................................................................................................... 11

1. Mobilisation to the Armed Forces of Ukraine ....................................................................... 12

1.1

Updates to legislation since the beginning of 2023 ......................................................... 13

1.1.1 Overall changes ................................................................................................................ 13

1.1.2 Reservations for local staff of international organisations, NGOs and diplomatic

representations ......................................................................................................................... 13

1.1.3 Changes in regard to medical suitability .......................................................................... 14

1.1.4 Draft proposal for changes to the law on mobilisation ................................................... 15

1.2 Profiles of people liable for mobilisation ................................................................................ 16

1.2.1 Number of persons mobilised to the Ukrainian military ................................................. 16

1.2.2 Men beyond the age category of 18

–

60 ........................................................................ 17

1.2.3 Mobilisation of Ukrainian nationals residing abroad....................................................... 17

1.2.4 Mobilisation of Ukrainians with dual citizenship ............................................................. 18

1.2.5 Mobilisation of foreign nationalities and stateless persons ............................................ 19

1.2.6 Mobilisation of women .................................................................................................... 19

1.3 Mobilisation procedures ......................................................................................................... 22

1.3.1. Registration procedures.................................................................................................. 24

1.3.2. Military ticket .................................................................................................................. 25

1.3.3 Forceful recruitment methods ......................................................................................... 26

1.4 Exemptions from military service during mobilisation ........................................................... 31

1.4.1 Applying for exemption ................................................................................................... 32

1.4.2 Violation in the exemption procedure............................................................................. 33

1.4.3 Possibility to appeal ......................................................................................................... 34

1.4.4 Women and exemption from mobilisation...................................................................... 34

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

1.5 Deferment............................................................................................................................... 35

1.5.1 Deferment procedures..................................................................................................... 35

1.6 Conditions for mobilised persons ........................................................................................... 37

1.6.1 General conditions in the Armed Forces of Ukraine........................................................ 37

1.6.2 Duration of military service and demobilisation ............................................................. 38

1.6.3 Leave of absence .............................................................................................................. 40

1.6.4 Military service at the frontline and in areas of active hostilities ................................... 41

1.6.5 Training conditions........................................................................................................... 41

1.6.6 Conditions during quartering and equipment ................................................................. 42

2. Conscientious objection and alternative service ................................................................... 43

3. Draft evasion and desertion................................................................................................. 45

3.1 Legislation on punishment for draft evasion and desertion .................................................. 45

3.2 Enforcement of legislation regarding draft evasion and desertion ........................................ 47

3.3 Societal negative attitudes and reprisals against draft evaders and deserters...................... 48

3.4 Legal consequences for draft evaders and deserters returning from abroad........................ 49

3.5 Consequences for Ukrainians with a pro-Russian mind-set ................................................... 50

4. Corruption .......................................................................................................................... 51

4.1. Corruption in the Military Medical Commissions .................................................................. 52

4.1.1. Unclear legal regulation .................................................................................................. 53

4.1.2 Corruption among members of the MMCs...................................................................... 53

4.1.3 Poor technical equipment and lack of digitalisation ....................................................... 54

4.2. Other ways to circumvent mobilisation ................................................................................ 55

4.3. Documents ............................................................................................................................. 56

4.4. Regional differences .............................................................................................................. 56

4.5. Anti-corruption measures...................................................................................................... 57

4.5.1. Punishment for corruption ............................................................................................. 57

4.5.2. Other anti-corruption measures ..................................................................................... 57

5. Bibliography ........................................................................................................................ 59

Legal sources................................................................................................................................. 67

Annex 1: Meeting Notes .......................................................................................................... 70

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

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National Agency on Corruption Prevention (NACP) ..................................................................... 70

Ukrainian Helsinki Human Rights Union (UHHRU) ....................................................................... 75

An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU ......................................... 80

International Organisation working in Ukraine ............................................................................ 87

International Organisation based in Kyiv...................................................................................... 90

Liubov Velychko, Investigative Journalist ..................................................................................... 95

Legal Hundred ............................................................................................................................. 101

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation ............................................................................... 109

An international organisation ..................................................................................................... 119

Pryncyp ....................................................................................................................................... 123

Annex 2: Terms of Reference (ToR) ........................................................................................ 128

Annex 3: NACP report ........................................................................................................... 129

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

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Introduction and methodology

I Ju e

, the Da ish I

ig atio Se i e DIS pu lished a epo t o e it ules, legislatio

ega di g o ilisatio , do u e tatio a d pu ish e t of d aft e ade s a d dese te s f o

ilita se i e du i g a tial la i Uk ai e.

The epo t at ha d is pa tl a update o

i fo atio f o the p e ious epo t, though this epo t ai l o e s the topi of o ilisatio .

Spe ifi all , this epo t fo uses o updates to the legislatio ega di g o ilisatio i Uk ai e a d

its i ple e tatio du i g a tial la , i ludi g p ofiles of the o ilised, e e ptio , defe e t,

o ilisatio p o edu es, o ditio s du i g se i e, o plai t p o edu es, o s ie tious o je tio

a d alte ati e se i e. Mo eo e , the epo t gi es a update o o uptio i the o ilisatio

p o edu e a d pu ish e t of d aft e ade s a d dese te s.

I te ie ed sou es highlighted atte s elated to ese atio p o edu e fo staff of hu a ita ia

a d i te atio al o ga isatio s, hi h e e ot i luded as topi s i the Te s of Refe e e ToR .

O e sou e also highlighted atte s of fo eful e uit e t i the o upied te ito ies the

Russia Fede atio . As the topi s a e dee ed ele a t, the a e i luded i the epo t.

B o t ast, the sou es did ot ha e i fo atio o so e issues i the ToR; dis ipli a

pu ish e t, p iso o ditio s fo d aft e ade s a d dese te s, a d egio al diffe e es o e i g

o ditio s fo o ilised pe so s.

The epo t is p epa ed i olla o atio ith the Da ish Refugee Cou il DRC . A fa t-fi di g

issio to K i i Uk ai e as a ied out f o

O to e to No e e

ith the ai of

olle ti g detailed a d updated i fo atio o

o ilisatio . The ToR fo the issio as d a

up joi tl

DIS a d DRC i o sultatio ith the Da ish Refugee Appeals Boa d as ell as a

ad iso g oup o COI Refe e eg uppe .

The ToR is i luded i

A e

The pu pose of the epo t is to p o ide updated a kg ou d i fo

as lu ases i De a k.

atio fo the p o essi g of

The EUAA COI Repo t Methodolog has ee applied i the iti g p o ess.

The epo t is ased

o a s thesis of i fo atio o tai ed f o o al sou es o ple e ted

itte sou es.

With ega d to the o al sou es, the delegatio i te ie ed te sou es of hi h t o e e

o sulted o li e. The sou es o p ised th ee i te atio al o ga isatio s, o e Uk ai ia

autho it , the Natio al Age

o Co uptio P e e tio NACP , o e i estigati e jou alist a d

fi e atio al No -Go e

e tal O ga isatio s NGOs all ith a p ese e i Uk ai e. The sou es

i te ie ed e e sele ted the delegatio ased o thei e pe tise, e it a d e pe ie e.

Multiple sou es e e hose to e su e as p e ise a d ala ed data as possi le. The sou es

Denmark, DIS,

Ukraine Exit rules, exemptions from military service/mobilization during martial law, documentation,

punishment of evaders and deserters from military service,

June 2023,

url

The group consists of the Danish Refugee Council (DRC), Amnesty International in Denmark, the Danish Institute for

Human Rights, Dignity, representatives of a Christian organisation (Danish European Mission) and the Danish Bar and

Law Society (representing asylum lawyers).

EUAA,

EUAA Country of Origin Information (COI) Report Methodology,

February 2023,

url

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

e e asked ho the p efe ed to e ited. Fi e sou es e uested a o

it fo the sake of

dis etio a d a e thus ited a o di g to thei e uests. The delegatio e uested a eeti g ith

the Mi ist of Defe e of Uk ai e; ho e e , the e uest as ot et.

All eeti gs ith the sou es e e o du ted i E glish ithout the use of a t a slato , ho e e ,

the eeti gs ith the Natio al Age

o Co uptio P e e tio NACP a d a Uk ai ia No -

Go e

e tal O ga isatio , e e o du ted i E glish pa tl ith the use of a Uk ai ia

t a slato . W itte sou es i Uk ai ia la guage, i ludi g legislatio , e e i so e ases

t a slated i to E glish ia a AI t a slatio soft a e. I othe ases, E glish t a slatio s of the

legislatio e e a aila le o the e site of the Uk ai ia pa lia e t.

The sou es e e iefed a out the pu pose of the epo t a d that thei state e ts ould e

i luded as a a e to the epo t. Mi utes e e itte fo ea h i te ie a d fo a ded to the

sou es fo thei app o al, hi h ga e the sou es the possi ilit to a e d, o

e to o e t

thei state e ts. All sou es app o ed thei state e ts, hi h a e fou d i

A e

. Ca e has

ee take to p ese t the ie s of the sou es as a u atel a d t a spa e tl as possi le. The

i di idual sou es should ot e held a ou ta le fo the o te t of the epo t.

Fo the sake of t a spa e , a u a a d eade -f ie dli ess, the pa ag aphs i the i utes of

the i te ie s i A e ha e o se uti e u e s, hi h a e used i the foot otes he

efe i g to the state e ts of the sou es. Not all details a d ua es of the sou es state e ts

a e add essed i the epo t, ut all state e ts a e kept i the i utes.

As a ule, the epo t o e s legislatio a d p o edu es alid a d appli a le du i g a tial la ,

follo i g the i t odu tio of the full-s ale i asio

Russia o

Fe ua

. Atte tio

should e paid to the ha gea le situatio i Uk ai e as ell as the o ti uous ha ge of

legislatio a d p o edu es ega di g o ilisatio , hi h e tails that data olle ted a ui kl

e o e outdated.

Rega di g a ess to i fo atio , so e topi s of the ToR e e sou es o side ed se siti e,

su h as i fo atio o d aft e asio a d dese tio , the p e ale e of o uptio , o ditio s

du i g ilita se i e a d at the f o tli e a d statisti s ega di g o ilisatio , hi h i additio

e ai lassified i fo atio . These i u sta es ight ha e i flue ed the i fo atio

i luded i this epo t a d the a ilit to olle t suffi ie t, o e t a d updated i fo atio o the

su je ts.

As a ajo pa t of the hapte o o uptio is ased o i fo atio i a epo t NACP i

Uk ai ia la guage, pu lished i Ja ua

, the epo t is t a slated i its full le gth a d

atta hed i A e .

The esea h a d editi g of the epo t e e fi alised o

Fe ua

The epo t is a aila le o the e site of DIS us.dk as ell as o as l.d . go, thus a aila le to all

stakeholde s i the efugee status dete i atio p o ess as ell as to the pu li .

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

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Historical background

Fo a , the o fli t et ee Uk ai e a d the Russia Fede atio a e to the su fa e of

atte tio ith the Russia i asio o

Fe ua

. Ho e e , the o fli t ega eight ea s

efo e. I No e e

, the fo e Uk ai ia P eside t Vikto Ya uko h eje ted a

asso iatio ag ee e t ith the Eu opea U io EU , seeki g lose ties to Russia a d the

Eu asia E o o i U io i stead. The eje tio aused dis o te t a o g a Uk ai ia s, a d

la ge o ds of people gathe ed i p otest i K i o

No e e

. I Fe ua

lashes et ee se u it fo es a d de o st ato s li a ed ausi g se e al deaths.

De o st ato s su se ue tl took o t ol of go e

e t uildi gs all o e Uk ai e, hile p o-

Russia pa lia e ta ia s a d, ulti atel , P eside t Ya uko h fled the ou t . I the afte ath,

Russia - a ked sepa atists ega to sto go e

e t uildi gs i Easte Uk ai e p o lai i g

the i depe de t Do etsk People s Repu li a d Luha sk People s Repu li . Si ulta eousl ,

u a ked Russia soldie s took o t ol of the Uk ai ia pe i sula C i ea, a d, ithi a sho t

pe iod, the Russia Fede atio a e ed C i ea afte a highl disputed efe e du .

Uk ai ia fo es atte pted i ai to etake the te ito o upied the sepa atists. A ea late ,

i Fe ua

, Uk ai e a d Russia sig ed the Mi sk II ag ee e t, hi h theo eti all as

supposed to lead to a pea e ag ee e t, ut effe ti el as a easefi e ag ee e t that as e e

espe ted eithe pa t . F o

a d o a ds, the situatio i Do etsk a d Luha sk as

o ti uousl iole t ut a stati o fli t.

, Russia ega uildi g up a la ge ilita p ese e lose to the Uk ai ia o de . The

K e li offi iall de ied a

ilita pla s agai st Uk ai e. The Russia P eside t Vladi i Puti

i te sified o f o tatio al heto i , e.g. uestio i g the ight of Uk ai e to e ist a d de a di g a

NATO et eat.

Fe ua

, the Russia Fede atio i itiated a full-s ale i asio , atta ki g Uk ai e f o

the o th, the east a d the south eati g a f o tli e of o e tha ,

k . The Russia leade s

alled it a spe ial ilita ope atio a d the offi ial ai

as to de ilita ise a d de azif Uk ai e.

Ho e e , fie e Uk ai ia esista e, ope atio al o sta les a d i o pete

halted the Russia

i asio , a d i the autu

, the Uk ai ia A ed Fo es etook se e al te ito ies,

i ludi g Kha ki egio a d the it of Khe so . Si e No e e a d De e e

, o

sig ifi a t ha ges ha e happe ed at the f o tli e, despite a Uk ai ia ou te offe si e i the

e of

CFR,

Global Conflict Tracker, War in Ukraine,

17 October 2023,

url;

CSIS,

Russia s Wa i Uk ai e: Ide tit , Histo , a d

Conflict,

22 April 2022,

url;

International Crisis Group,

Co fli t i Uk ai e s Do as: A Visual E plai e

, 2022,

url

CFR & PBS,

A historical timeline of post-independence Ukraine,

22 February 2022,

url;

ICG,

Co fli t i Uk ai e s Do

as:

A Visual Explainer,

2022,

url

Reuters,

Russia demands NATO roll back from East Europe and stay out of Ukraine,

17 December 2021,

url;

CFR,

Global

Conflict Tracker, War in Ukraine,

Last updated 17 October 2023,

url

Russia, President of Russia,

Address by the President of the Russian Federation,

24 February 2022,

url

BBC,

Ukraine in maps: Tracking the war with Russia,

20 December 2023,

url;

CFR,

Global Conflict Tracker, War in

Ukraine,

Last updated 17 October 2023,

url

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

Abbreviations

COI

DIS

EUAA

HRW

IDP

IHL

IWPR

LGBT

MMC

MoD

NACP

NGO

OHCHR

PoW

SBGS

TRC

UHHRU

UNHCR

Cou t

Da ish I

of O igi I fo

atio

ig atio Se i e

fo As lu

Eu opea U io Age

Hu a Rights Wat h

I te all Displa ed Pe so s

I te atio al Hu a ita ia La

I stitute fo Wa a d Pea e Repo ti g

Les ia , ga , ise ual, a d t a sge de

Milita

Mi ist

Medi al Co

of Defe e

fo the Co uptio P e e tio

e tal o ga isatio

issio e fo Hu a Rights

issio

Natio al Age

No -go e

The Offi e of the High Co

P iso e of Wa

State Bo de Gua d Se i e

Te ito ial Re uit e t a d So ial Suppo t Ce t es

Uk ai ia Helsi ki Hu a Rights U io

U ited Natio s High Co

issio e fo Refugees

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

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Glossary

Mo ilisatio , Milita se i e, Milita o s iptio :

I the epo t at ha d, the te

o ilisatio

is used to des i e the a tio of e uiti g pe so s to se e i the ilita u de a tial la ;

ilita se i e is used as the ge e al te fo se i g i the a ed fo es, hile ilita

o s iptio is used fo the a tio s as su h fo e uiti g pe so s to the a ed fo es du i g

pea e ti e. Milita o s iptio as su h is suspe ded du i g a tial la .

Milita ti ket:

A ilita ti ket В ько

к ток is a do u e t that o fi s the ide tit of

a e plo ee of the A ed Fo es of Uk ai e, the State Bo de Gua d Se i e SBGS , the Se u it

Se i e a d the Milita I tellige e Se i e of Uk ai e.

See

se tio . .

Fo eful e uit e t:

This epo t efe s to fo ed o fo eful e uit e t as a oe i e

i ol i g ele e ts of i ti idatio , iole e a d agg essio .

ethod

E e ptio a d defe e t:

A ti le i the la O Mo ilisatio T ai i g a d Mo ilisatio

des i es the e lusio easo s fo e uit e t fo o ilisatio . The a ti le o fi s that the

e lusio is ot pe a e t, ut a postpo e e t. Ho e e , the a ti le disti guishes et ee t o

defi itio s of e e ptio s: pe so s ot su je t to o ilisatio o e e ptio see hapte . a d

pe so s te po a il ot su je t to o ilisatio o defe e t see hapte . .

Rese atio :

The Uk ai ia Ca i et of Mi iste s Resolutio No.

akes it possi le to ese e

staff f o e te p ises, i stitutio s a d o ga isatio s. These i lude lo al staff of i te atio al

o ga isatio s, atio al a d i te atio al NGOs a d diplo ati ep ese tatio s i Uk ai e that a e

iti all i po ta t fo the fu tio i g of the e o o a d e su i g the li elihood of the

populatio , a d thus a e te po a il ot lia le fo o ilisatio .

Uk ai e,

те т о О о о Ук

[Mi ist Of Defe e Uk ai e],

до ко ле

ько о о о л ку

п о

к т

ть у о

оє о о т у [The i p o e e t of ilita e o ds of o s ipts o ti ues

even under martial law],

4 May 2023,

url

Denmark, DIS,

Ukraine Exit rules, exemptions from military service/mobilization during martial law, documentation,

punishment of evaders and deserters from military service,

June 2023,

url,

pp. 30-31; Ukraine,

по т о о №

ету

о док о

т еде

ько о о о л ку п о

ько о о о

т е е

[resolution No. 1487, Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, Procedure for organizing

and maintaining military records of conscripts, conscripts and reservists],

30 December 2022, Article 20,

url;

Ukraine,

Ук о П е де т Ук

№

[De ee of the P eside t of Uk ai e No.

ОЛО

,п о

ько

к ток о

до о о, е

т ько о т

ько о кл ду [REGULATIONS o the ilita ID of

privates, sergeants and petty officers],

30 December 2016,

url

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada,

ко к

о о л

у п д ото ку т о л

[Law of Ukraine on

Mobilisation Training and Mobilisation],

1993, Article 23,

url

Uk ai e, К

ет

т Ук

[Ca i et of Mi iste s of Uk ai e],

о т о , д

.№ , е к

п т

е л

поло е ь ко у к

о о л

у п д ото ку т о л

одо о

ько о о о ʼ

пе од о л

оє

[So e issues of i ple e ti g the p o isio s of the

Law of Ukraine "On Mobilization Training and Mobilization" regarding the reservation of conscripts for the period of

mobilisation and wartime],

27 January 2023,

url;

International Organisation working in Ukraine: 2-5; An international

humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 25; Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 7; An international

organisation: 2

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

Te ito ial Re uit e t a d So ial Suppo t Ce t es TRC :

The TRCs a e egio al e t es that a e

espo si le fo o ilisi g a d egiste i g pe so s fo the a ed fo es.

B so e sou es

efe ed to as ilita o

issio s o

ilita e uit e t offi es .

Ve kho a Rada of Uk ai e:

The Ve kho a Rada of Uk ai e Sup e e Cou il is the pa lia e t

of Uk ai e.

Visit Ukraine,

The Cabinet of Ministers has expanded the powers of the TRC for the period of mobilization: how they

will work,

9 February 2024,

url;

The Kyiv Independent,

Military: Ukrainians can choose brigade for mobilization

themselves,

30 December 2023,

url

Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine,

Official portal,

n.d.,

url

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

Map of Ukraine

Sou e: UN Geospatial OCHA , Uk ai e P ofile Map: Map No.

NATIONS,

u l

Re . O to e

UNITED

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

1. Mobilisation to the Armed Forces of Ukraine

Whe Russia

ilita fo es i itiated the full-s ale i asio of Uk ai e i the ea l o i g of

Fe ua

, the Uk ai ia p eside t, Volod

Zele sk , de la ed oth a tial la

a d a

ge e al o ilisatio i all egio s of Uk ai e.

Ma tial la is a spe ial egi e that a e i t odu ed to pa ts of o the hole te ito of Uk ai e

i the e e t of a ed agg essio ; th eat of atta k; da ge to the i depe de e of the state o its

te ito ial i teg it , i a o da e ith the la O the Legal Regi e of Ma tial La .

I Uk ai e, the egulatio a d i ple e tatio of o ilisatio is go e ed the la O

Mo ilisatio T ai i g a d Mo ilisatio that esta lishes the legal fou datio fo i t odu tio of

o ilisatio a d the po e s a d espo si ilities of diffe e t a to s. The p eside t a de la e a

pa tial o full o ilisatio ; the latte as de la ed i Fe ua

E e itize , e a d o e , i Uk ai e ha e a dut to defe d the ou t , its i depe de e

a d te ito ial i teg it , a o di g to A ti le of the Co stitutio of Uk ai e.

As a ge e al ule,

e e

a et ee

a d

ea s is lia le fo o ilisatio ; a d also so e atego ies of o e .

See o e o

o ilisatio of o e i

se tio . . .

The Uk ai ia la O Milita Dut a d Milita Se i e defi es the ge e al p i iples of ilita

se i e i Uk ai e, as ell as p o idi g the legal egulatio s fo the itize s of Uk ai e i o de to

fulfil the o stitutio al dut to p ote t the ou t , its i depe de e, a d te ito ial i teg it .

The la s O Milita Dut a d Milita Se i e a d O Mo ilisatio T ai i g a d Mo ilisatio

defi e ho a e lia le to pe fo

ilita se i e, ho a e e e pted o defe ed f o

ilita

se i e, a d ho a e lia le to e alled i as a ese ist fo ilita dut .

Uk ai e, П е де т Ук

[P eside t of Uk ai e],

е де т к

№ /

о еде

оє о о

т у к

[De ee of the P eside t of Uk ai e No /

–

On the introduction of martial law in Ukraine],

February 2022,

url

Uk ai e, П е де т Ук

[P eside t of Uk ai e],

е де т к

№ /

ль у

о л

[Decree

of the President of Ukraine No 64/2022

–

About general mobilisation],

24 February 2022,

url

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada,

ко к

п оп

оє о о т у [La of Uk ai e o the Legal

Regime of Martial Law],

11 June 2015,

url

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada,

ко к

п о о л

у п д ото ку т о л

[Law

of Ukraine on

[P eside t of Uk ai e],

mobilisation training and mobilisation],

1993,

url;

Uk ai e, П е де т Ук

е де т к

№ /

ль у о л

[Decree

of the President of Ukraine No 64/2022

–

About

general mobilisation],

24 February 2022,

url

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada, 28 June 1996,

url;

Ukraine,

ко к

ько

о о ' ок

ько у лу у

[Law of Ukraine on Military Duty and Military Service],

1992, article 1.1,

url

Ukraine,

ко к

ько

о о ' ок

ько у лу у [La of Uk ai e o Milita Dut a d Milita

Service],

1992, preamble + article 1.1,

url

Ukraine,

ко к

ько

о о ' ок

ько у лу у [La of Uk ai e o

Military Duty and Military

Service],

1992, preamble + article 1.1,

url;

Ukraine,

ко к

п о о л

у п д ото ку т о л

[Law

of Ukraine on mobilisation training and mobilisation],

1993,

url

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

1.1 Updates to legislation since the beginning of 2023

1.1.1 Overall changes

I Uk ai e, p eside tial de ees ha e histo i all ee used to egulate the all fo ilita se i e.

Uk ai e has i he ited its ilita s ste f o the So iet U io a d a of the la s a d

egulatio s, that go e the ilita , ha e ot ee updated to ode ti es.

Si e the full-s ale i asio o

Fe ua

, diffe e t la s a d egulatio s ha e ee

updated pe iodi all . The ost k o has ee the legislatio o e i g the t a el a of e

et ee

a d

ea s, hi h has tho oughl ee des i ed DIS i a epo t f o Ju e

This se tio i te ds to des i e the ost e e t a d i po ta t ha ges to the ele a t

legislatio s o

o ilisatio si e the pu li atio of the a o e e tio ed epo t i Ju e

As of the e d of the edito ial pe iod of this epo t, the e has ot ee a

ajo ha ges i the

ai legislatio ega di g o ilisatio si e the egi i g of

The Uk ai ia go e

e t

has, ho e e , i t o atte pts p oposed a e ised ill o

o ilisatio .

See

se tio . .

. B the

e d of Fe ua

, the se o d p oposal is u de p o ess i Pa lia e t. Mi o ha ges i the

la O Mo ilisatio T ai i g a d Mo ilisatio took pla e i Ju e

a d efo e that, i

De e e

Fu the o e, the e ha e ee so e ha ges a d adjust e ts i the legislatio o spe ifi

su je ts pe tai i g to o ilisatio . The ele a t legislati e ha ges o the spe ifi su je ts ill e

des i ed i ea h se tio i this epo t, ut a fe of the ost sig ifi a t ha ges is highlighted i

the follo i g se tio s.

1.1.2 Reservations for local staff of international organisations, NGOs and

diplomatic representations

I Ja ua

, the Uk ai ia Ca i et of Mi iste s adopted Resolutio o. , hi h sets out the

p o edu e fo te po a e e ptio f o

o ilisatio fo lo al staff of i te atio al o ga isatio s,

atio al a d i te atio al NGOs a d diplo ati ep ese tatio s i Uk ai e.

EUAA,

Query response on military service,

7 December 2018,

url,

p. 2

Denmark, DIS,

Ukraine; Exit rules, exemptions from military service/mobilization during martial law, documentation,

punishment of evaders and deserters from military service,

June 2023,

url

NACP: 2; An International Organisation: 2

Kyiv Post,

Second Attempt: Defense Ministry Revises Mobilization Bill,

4 February 2023,

url

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada,

ко к

п о о л

у п д ото ку т о л

[Law

of Ukraine on

mobilisation training and mobilisation],

1993,

url

Uk ai e, К

ет

т Ук

[Ca i et of Mi iste s of Uk ai e],

о т о , д

.№ , е к

п т

е л

поло е ь ко у к

о о л

у п д ото ку т о л

одо о

ько о о о ʼ

пе од о л

оє

[So e issues of i ple e ti g the p

ovisions of the

Law of Ukraine On Mobilization Training and Mobilization regarding the reservation of conscripts for the period of

mobilisation and wartime],

27 January 2023,

url;

An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 25;

International Organisation working in Ukraine: 2, 5; Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 7; An international

organisation: 2

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

The esolutio

akes it possi le to ese e staff e plo ed i e te p ises, i stitutio s a d

o ga isatio s that a e iti all i po ta t fo the fu tio i g of the e o o a d e su i g the

li elihood of the populatio .

I pa ti ula , the esolutio

eated a legislati e f a e o k, a d

o e sou e oted that it p o ided o e la it fo spe ifi all i te atio al o ga isatio s a d

diplo ati ep ese tatio s ega di g thei lo al staff.

I p a ti e, ho e e , the adoptio of the

esolutio as follo ed lo g a d u lea p o edu es fo o tai i g su h ese atio .

The esolutio applies to all U ited Natio s UN o ga isatio s, fo eig diplo ati i stitutio s i

Uk ai e, ep ese tatio s of do o i stitutio s, i ple e te s of i te atio al te h i al assista e

p oje ts, ep ese tatio s of i te atio al o ga isatio s, i te atio al a d Uk ai ia NGOs that

i ple e t hu a ita ia p oje ts ith the fu ds of i te atio al pa t e s.

Fo fu the

i fo atio , see

se tio . . .

1.1.3 Changes in regard to medical suitability

I August a d Septe e

, t o ha ges e e adopted i the legal f a e o k ega di g ho

the ilita

edi al autho ities pe fo

edi al e a i atio s, allo i g people to e o ilised,

despite that the p e iousl ould ha e ee e e pted fo edi al easo s.

August

, the Mi ist of Defe e MoD of Uk ai e issued a o de

, hi h allo ed the

Milita Medi al Co

issio s MMCs to ake ha ges to the deg ee of suita ilit of people to e

o ilised. The guideli es of the MMCs e e su se ue tl dete i ed the MoD.

This a t

egulates ho the MMCs a e pe fo i g edi al e a i atio s.

A o di g to a Uk ai ia NGO,

the e guideli es a e a ti el e fo ed the MMCs.

Uk ai e, К

ет

т Ук

[Ca i et of Mi iste s of Uk ai e],

о т о , д

.№ , е к

п т

е л

поло е ь ко у к

о о л

у п д ото ку т о л

одо о

ько о о о ʼ

пе од о л

оє

[So e issues of i ple e ti g the p

ovisions of the

La of Uk ai e

On Mobilizatio

T ai i g a d Mo ilizatio

regarding the reservation of conscripts for the period of

mobilisation and wartime],

27 January 2023,

url;

International Organisation working in Ukraine: 2; An international

organisation: 2

International Organisation working in Ukraine: 2, 3, 6

An International Organisation with headquarter in EU: 10; Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 7, 9; An

International Organisation: 3; International Organisation working in Ukraine: 5

International Organisation working in Ukraine: 3; An international organisation: 2

Pryncyp: 2; Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 2-5; Kyiv Independent,

Defense ministry amends rules

—

exempting Ukrainians from mobilization on health grounds,

3 September 2023,

url;

UMP,

уде ль е п д т

о о о

ло к п о ЛК [The e ill e o e suita le o es

- MoD has changed the order on the MMC],

September 2023,

url

Uk ai e,

те т о О о о Ук

[Mi ist Of Defe e Uk ai e],

к №

о т е д е

до

оло е

п о

ько о-л к ьку ек пе т у

[O de No.

O the app o al of the

Amendments to the Regulation on military medical examination in the Armed Forces of Ukraine],

18 August 2023,

url

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 2; UMP,

уде ль е п

д т

—

о о о

ло к п о

ЛК [The e ill e o e suita le o es

- MoD has changed the order on the MMC],

2 September 2023,

url

Uk ai e,

т о о о Ук

[Mi iste of Defe e of Uk ai e],

к №

оло е

п о

ько о-

л к ьку ек пе т у

[O de No.

Regulatio s o

ilita

edi al e a i atio i the

Armed Forces of Ukraine],

14 August 2023,

url

Pryncyp: 2

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 5

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

A Uk ai ia NGO oted that p e iousl , i di iduals ith disa ilities o so e diseases e e ot

su je t to o ilisatio , thus, i p a ti e, the e e e e pted f o it.

Fo i sta e, if a pe so

sho ed up to the edi al e a i atio ith a issi g fi ge o a othe s alle li , that pe so

ould e e e pted f o

o ilisatio o health easo s. Si e Septe e

, su h i di iduals

ill o e lia le fo o ilisatio . Like ise, if a soldie lost a a o a leg du i g attle o si ila ,

that pe so ould p e iousl ha e ee de o ilised a d e e pted fo fu the se i e. Afte the

legislati e ha ges, su h a pe so is o ligated to etu to ilita se i e afte eha ilitatio .

The legislati e ha ges also appl to e tai t pes of diseases that p e iousl ould ha e led to

e e ptio f o

o ilisatio . The full list

i ludes a o g othe full u ed tu e ulosis,

dia etes, e tai hea t o ditio s, HIV ithout s pto s, i al hepatitis, slo l p og essi g lood

diseases et .

Ho e e , a Uk ai ia NGO a d P

p stated that people ith su h o ditio s do

ot se e i the o at zo es, ut ill pe fo othe tasks su h as t a spo tatio , offi e duties

et .

Despite of the guideli es, the e a e e a ples of i di iduals, ho ha e ee u la full o ilised

to se e i the ilita , e e though the disease as listed i the ta le of e e ptio s.

A o di g to P

p, the e is a st o g desi e fo the ilita leade ship to o ilise o e people,

hi h is the easo fo the latest ha ges ith ega d to the assess e t of suita ilit fo se i g i

the ilita . P ese tl , the e a e th ee atego ies of suita ilit : suita le fo ilita se i e,

suita le fo ilita se i e i u its a a f o the f o t a d

ot suita le fo ilita se i e.

The Se u it Cou il of Uk ai e has al ead app o ed the e o al of the se o d atego

pe tai i g to people ith e tai health issues. Ho e e , the ha ges ha e ot ee i ple e ted

et.

Fo fu the i fo atio o e e ptio s to o ilisatio , see

se tio . .

1.1.4 Draft proposal for changes to the law on mobilisation

De e e

, the Ca i et of Mi iste s se t a d aft p oposal ith ha ges to the la

Mo ilisatio T ai i g a d Mo ilisatio to the Pa lia e t, Ve kho a Rada of Uk ai e.

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 2

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 3

Uk ai e,

те т о О о о Ук

[Mi ist Of Defe e Uk ai e],

к №

о т е д е

до

оло е

п о

ько о-л к ьку ек пе т у

[O de No.

O the app o al of the

Amendments to the Regulation on military medical examination in the Armed Forces of Ukraine],

18 August 2023,

url

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 4; Pryncyp: 2; Kyiv Independent,

Defense ministry amends rules

exempting Ukrainians from mobilization on health grounds,

3 September 2023,

url

Pryncyp: 2; Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 4

Pryncyp: 4

Pryncyp: 3

Kyiv Independent,

Government submits draft law on mobilization to Verkhovna Rada,

25 December 2023,

url;

Reuters,

Ukraine draft law proposes lowering mobilisation age to 25 from 27,

26 December 2023,

url

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

Ja ua

, the Uk ai ia go e

e t su itted a a e ded e sio of its ill to tighte

ilita

o ilisatio ules.

K i Post highlighted so e of the a e d e ts i a a ti le; ho e e ,

the ill has ot ee pu lished i its full le gth. A o di g to K i Post, the e ill p oposes to

lo e the age of o ilisatio f o

to .

Mo eo e , the go e

e t p oposes i t odu i g

asi ilita t ai i g fo itize s aged to . It ill e a dato fo e a d olu ta fo

o e .

1.2 Profiles of people liable for mobilisation

The A ed Fo es of Uk ai e o ilises diffe e t atego ies of p ofiles a o di g to the la O

Mo ilisatio T ai i g a d Mo ilisatio

a d the la O Milita Dut a d Milita Se i e .

So e people a e o ilised due to thei ilita

a kg ou d, a d so e a e o ilised i

a o da e ith thei p ofessio s a d e pe tise. Fo i sta e, the a

is i ha ge of a list of

pe so s lia le fo ilita se i e ho hold e tai positio s o ha e spe ifi e pe tise, ho a

e su

o ed depe di g o eeds a d staff sho tages i the ilita .

I p a ti e, ilita

a de s assess the ilita p ofessio s that a e eeded a d de ide i hi h ilita a eas

the should se e.

1.2.1 Number of persons mobilised to the Ukrainian military

The ilita autho ities ha e lassified the offi ial u e of Uk ai ia s o ilised to the ilita .

Sou es i te ie ed fo this epo t did ot k o the u e of Uk ai ia s o ilised si e

Fe ua

Ne e theless, sou es epo t that o e tha o e illio ha e ee

o ilised.

B the e d of De e e

p oposed to o ilise

, the P eside t of Uk ai e o ehalf of the A ed Fo es of Uk ai e

o e Uk ai ia s i to the a ed fo es.

It is diffi ult to assess hethe the e a e a

egio al diffe e es i the u e of pe so s

o ilised. Ho e e , a o di g to Legal Hu d ed a d P

p, the TRCs a e i a ette positio to

o ilise i s alle ities a d u al a eas o pa ed to igge ities, as it is easie to hide f o

Verkovna Rhada,

Draft Law on Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine Regarding Certain Issues of Military

Service, Mobilization, and Military Registration,

url;

Reuters,

Ukraine's govt submits amended mobilisation bill to

parliament,

31 January 2024

url

Presently, men in the age category of 18 to 27 are generally not mobilised. See

section 1.2.2

for further information.

Kyiv Post,

Second Attempt: Defense Ministry Revises Mobilization Bill,

4 February 2023,

url

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada,

ко к

п о о л

у п д ото ку т о л

[Law

of Ukraine on

mobilisation training and mobilisation],

1993,

url

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada,

ко к

ько

о о ' ок

ько у лу у [La of Uk ai e o Milita

Duty and Military Service],

1992,

url

Investigative journalist: 10

Legal Hundred: 29

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 22; Legal hundred: 9

Legal Hundred: 9; Investigative journalist: 2; Reuters,

Ukraine considers proposal by army to mobilise another 500,000

for war,

20 December 2023,

url;

BBC News,

Uk ai e: The soldie s ho a t lea e the f o t

line until the war is over,

September 2023,

url

Reuters,

Ukraine considers proposal by army to mobilise another 500,000 for war,

20 December 2023,

url;

Deutsche

Welle,

Ukraine updates: Military proposes extra mobilization,

20 December 2023,

url

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

o ilisatio i igge ities. Mo eo e , i the ou t side i ha ita ts do ot ha e e ough sa i gs

to i e TRC offi e s.

1.2.2 Men beyond the age category of 18

–

As a ule, o l e et ee

a d

ea s a e lia le fo o ilisatio to ilita se i e du i g

a tial la . Be o d this atego , o o e is o ilised u less o a olu ta

asis.

The e a e spe ial egulatio s fo e i o s iptio age et ee

a d

ea s. Du i g a tial

la , egula o s iptio is suspe ded. He e, e of this age atego a e ot o ilised u less

ha i g o pleted ilita se i e efo e Fe ua

thus ei g egiste ed as

ese ists.

Ho e e , so e la e s ha e stated i a e s a ti le o the p oposed ha ges to

lo e the age fo o ilisatio that a adult ale et ee

a d

ea s a e o ilised

du i g a tial la . Fu the o e, e et ee the age of a d a e still est i ted f o

lea i g Uk ai e.

I additio , oth ale a d fe ale stude ts, ho atte d a highe edu atio , a sig up fo

ilita lasses as a additio al a d olu ta pa t of thei edu atio . O e the ilita lasses a e

o pleted, the pe so s ill e egiste ed as ese ists a d a e su je ted to o ilisatio ,

ega dless of the age atego .

1.2.3 Mobilisation of Ukrainian nationals residing abroad

Uk ai ia atio als esidi g a oad a e lia le fo o ilisatio .

The ha e a o ligatio to egiste

ith the Uk ai ia ep ese tatio i thei ou t of eside e a d ha e thei ilita e o d

egiste ed. Ne e theless, Uk ai ia s a oad ge e all ef ai f o egiste i g at Uk ai ia

ep ese tatio s.

A o di g to UHHRU a d a hu a ita ia NGO, i di iduals faili g to eet this

o ligatio of egiste i g at a Uk ai ia ep ese tatio a e, i p a ti e, ot held legall espo si le

si e the e is o e ha is to su

o the , a d, ge e all , the ill ot fa e a p o le s ith

do u e t issua e at the Uk ai ia ep ese tatio .

Ho e e , it is diffi ult to ule out the

possi ilit of sa tio s f o the Uk ai ia autho ities upo etu .

It as the opi io of a

Uk ai ia NGO that o Uk ai ia atio al esidi g outside of Uk ai e has ee su

o ed.

Legal Hundred: 10; Pryncyp: 7

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 18; Visit Ukraine,

Departure of men abroad in 2023: what has changed for

military servicemen,

7 January 2023,

url;

the Guardian,

Uk ai e s ilita pla s to li it f ee o e e t to ake

conscription easier,

6 July 2022,

url

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 18; International Organisation based in Kyiv: 13; Legal Hundred: 15

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 19; Legal Hundred: 14; The Guardian:

Yes, tiredness is ravaging the

Ukrainian soldiers I meet. But they never think of giving up,

15 December 2023,

url

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 19

Visit Ukraine,

Conscription age cut to 25 in Ukraine: What will change and how will it affect mobilisation,

31 May

2023,

url

Legal Hundred: 14; Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 21

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 20

Legal Hundred: 11; UHHRU: 17; An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 11

Legal Hundred: 11; UHHRU: 18

UHHRU: 18: An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 11

An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 11

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

Ho e e , the Uk ai ia NGO ould ot e lude that a Uk ai ia atio al ould e o ilised if the

pe so as su je ted to a i i al i estigatio a oad a d su se ue tl depo ted to Uk ai e.

The e ha e ee politi al dis ussio s a out o ilisi g Uk ai ia s esidi g a oad. The P eside t

of Uk ai e has had ilate al dis ussio s ith eigh ou i g ou t ies o this topi .

I te s of Uk ai ia s esidi g a oad ho a e etu i g to Uk ai e, a i te atio al o ga isatio

oted that the p i a a eas of etu o i te ded etu i lude K i o last, K i it , M kolai ,

Che i tsi a d Kha ki .

A o di g to pe iodi su e s, o e s a out o ilisatio ha e ee

des i ed a o gst e as a o sta le to etu .

1.2.4 Mobilisation of Ukrainians with dual citizenship

I Uk ai e, a Uk ai ia atio al ith dual itize ship is o l e og ised as a Uk ai ia itize .

He e, if a Uk ai ia itize is su je t to o ilisatio , it does ot ha e ele a e if the pe so

holds dual itize ship.

The sa e applies if the se o d atio alit is Russia .

The e is o

diffe e e hethe the se o d itize ship is Russia , Hu ga ia , Ro a ia , Slo ak, Is aeli et .

A i di idual ho has ee i posed Russia itize ship i C i ea, Do etsk, Luha sk,

Zapo izhzhia o Khe so afte

the o upatio ad i ist atio , a d has ot fo all

e ou ed the Uk ai ia itize ship, is ot legall o side ed a Russia itize

Uk ai e a d a

e o ilised.

A pe so ith dual Uk ai ia -Russia itize ship a e su je t to i -depth s uti

the

ilita a d se u it se i es ith the ai of dete ti g possi le s pathies ith o o e tio s to

the Russia Fede atio .

A o di g to a i te atio al o ga isatio , the Uk ai ia autho ities

ha e ee a ti e i i estigati g pe so s ho suppo t the Russia Fede atio , ut su h p a ti e is

ot offi ial.

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 23

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 23; Visit Ukraine,

Mobilization and demobilization in Ukraine: what

changes does the government propose in the new draft law?,

27 December 2023,

url

International Organisation: 16

International Organisation: 14

US Embassy in Ukraine,

Citizenship Service,

n.d.,

url;

Legal Hundred: 13; Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation:

26; An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 12; International Organisation based in Kyiv: 19;

UHHRU: 13

Legal Hundred: 13; Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 26; UHHRU: 13-14; An International Humanitarian

Organisation with headquarter in EU: 12; International Organisation based in Kyiv: 19

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 27; An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU:

12; International Organisation based in Kyiv: 19; Legal Hundred: 13

UHHRU: 14

UHHRU: 13

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 27; An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU;

An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 12

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

Uk ai ia itize s, ho a e o side ed Russia -o ie ted, a e o ilised o e ual te s as othe

Uk ai ia itize s.

Fo t eat e t of pe so s ith Russia itize ship a d Uk ai ia s o side ed

p o-Russia , see

se tio .

1.2.5 Mobilisation of foreign nationalities and stateless persons

Fo eig atio alities esidi g i Uk ai e a e ot su je t to o ilisatio if the do ot hold

Uk ai ia itize ship.

Ho e e , fo eig atio alities a joi the A ed Fo es of Uk ai e o a

olu ta

asis afte sig i g a o t a t. Ma fo eig e s se e i the Uk ai ia

ilita o a

olu ta

asis.

I additio , stateless pe so s esidi g i Uk ai e a e ot su je t to o ilisatio , as the do ot

hold Uk ai ia itize ship.

As ith fo eig atio alities, stateless pe so s a joi the ilita

o l o a olu ta

asis afte ha i g sig ed a o t a t.

A o di g to the la O the Legal Status of Fo eig e s a d Stateless Pe so s ,

fo eig e s a d

stateless pe so s, ho ha e joi ed the A ed Fo es of Uk ai e o a olu ta

asis, a e

o side ed legal te po a eside ts i Uk ai e fo the pe iod of o t a ted se i e. Su h

te po a eside e of fo eig e s a d stateless pe so s i Uk ai e is listed i the ilita ti ket of

e listed pe so el.

1.2.6 Mobilisation of women

A o di g to the Co stitutio of Uk ai e, the dut to p ote t the ou t applies to all itize s.

So e atego ies of o e a e o liged to egiste the sel es, hile othe s a egiste

olu ta il .

The legislatio o

ilita se i e

does ot diffe e tiate et ee

e a d o e i its o di g,

as o e , eeti g the e ui e e ts listed elo , ha e the sa e espo si ilit as e ; the ust

UHHRU: 12

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada,

ко к

ько

о о ' ок

ько у лу у [La of Uk ai e o Milita

Duty and Military Service],

1992,

url,

Article 1, Paragraph 6; Legal Hundred: 12; Ukrainian Non-Governmental

Organisation: 24

Legal Hundred: 12; Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organistion: 24; ABC News,

Foreign fighters in Ukraine speak out on

their willingness to serve: 'I had to go',

6 November 2022,

url

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada,

ко к

ько

о о ' ок

ько у лу у [La of Uk ai e o Milita

Duty and Military Service],

1992,

url,

Article 1, Paragraph 6; Legal Hundred: 16; Ukrainian Non-Governmental

Organisation: 25; UHHRU: 16

Legal Hundred: 16; Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 25; UHHRU: 16

Ukraine, Verkhona Rada,

Law of Ukraine On the Legal Status of Foreigners and Stateless Persons,

Document 3773-VI,

28 June 2023,

url

Ukraine, SMS,

Information for foreigners who participate in the Anti-Terrorist Operation,

n.d.,

url

Ukraine,

Constitution of Ukraine,

official translation, 28 June 1996,

url

Denmark, DIS,

Ukraine Exit rules, exemptions from military service/mobilisation during martial law, documentation,

punishment of evaders and deserters from military service,

June 2023,

url,

p. 21-23; Ukrainian Non-Governmental

Organisation: 16, 17; An International Organisation: 8-10; An International Humanitarian Organisation with headquarter

in EU: 13

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada, 28 June 1996,

url;

Ukraine,

ко к

ько

о о ' ок

ько у лу у

[Law of Ukraine on Military Duty and Military Service],

1992,

url

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

egiste fo ilita se i e, o plete ilita t ai i g a d i fo the TRCs of a ital status,

disa ilit et .

Si ila to e , o e a appl fo e e ptio . The e a e e e ptio ules

pe tai i g spe ifi all to o e .

Fo o e i fo atio o e e ptio ules fo o e , see

se tio . .

O to e

, i a o da e ith the la O Milita Dut a d Milita Se i e , o e

i Uk ai e et ee

a d

ea s, ho hold edi al o pha a euti al p ofessio s, su h as

u ses, pha a ists, do to s, de tists a d id i es, a e a dated to egiste at the TRCs, so the

a e alled up fo o ilisatio if the a e de la ed edi all fit the MMCs.

A o di g to a

hu a ita ia NGO, o e

eeti g the e ui e e ts a e fi ed if faili g to egiste , ho e e ,

the p o isio has ot ee applied et.

The o de No.

of the Mi ist of Defe e of Uk ai e i ludes a e detailed list of spe ialities

that fall u de the o ligatio of ilita egist atio of o e . The list o p ises a ide a ge of

atu al s ie es, health a e staff ith a spe ialised p ofessio s, ps holog , so ial o k,

e gi ee i g, ilita logisti s, the apies, o

e ial skills et .

The sa e o de e tio s a e

olu ta

ilita se i e egist

spe ialties that fall u de the o

e pla atio o the o e lappi g

detailed list of p ofessio s a d spe ialities that a e o e ed

atio . So e of these spe ialities a e also i luded i the list of

ligato spe ialities. At the ti e of editi g this epo t, o

as fou d.

European Business Association - EBA,

Wo e s ilita egist atio . What ill ha ge f o O to e ,

October 2023,

url;

CNN,

Women who have medical education must register for military service, says Ukraine,

September 2023,

url

International Organisation: 8

An International Organisation: 8-10; UHHRU: 25; Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 16; An International

Humanitarian Organisation with headquarter in EU: 13; Legal Hundred: 17; Ukraine,

Verkhovna Rada,

28 June 1996,

url;

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada,

ко к

ько

о о ' ок

ько у лу у [La of

Ukraine on Military

Duty and Military Service],

1992, article 1, paragraph 11 and 12,

url;

Visit Ukraine,

Military registration for women: who

has to go to TAC in October?,

10 September 2023,

url;

Kyiv Independent,

Some Women in Ukraine Must Register for

Army

–

Could Still Go Abroad,

8 September,

url;

European Business Association - EBA,

Wo e s ilita egist atio .

What will change from October 1, 2023?,

5 October 2023,

url;

CNN,

Women who have medical education must register

for military service, says Ukraine,

8 September 2023,

url;

Hundred: 17

An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 13

Ministry of Defence of Ukraine, Order No. 313,

On the approval of the List of specialities and / or professions related

to the relevant military accounting specialities, after which women are accepted for military registration of those liable

for military service and the List of specialities and / or professions related to the relevant military accounting specialities,

11 October 2021,

url;

European Business Association - EBA,

Wo e s ilita egist atio . What ill ha ge f o

October 1, 2023?,

5 October 2023,

url

Ministry of Defence of Ukraine, Order No. 313,

On the approval of the List of specialities and / or professions related

to the relevant military accounting specialities, after which women are accepted for military registration of those liable

for military service and the List of specialities and / or professions related to the relevant military accounting specialities,

11 October 2021,

url;

European Business Association - EBA,

Wo e s ilita egist atio . What ill ha ge f o

October 1, 2023?,

5 October 2023,

url

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

I p a ti e, sou es e phasised that p ese tl o e a e ot e ui ed to do a ti e ilita

se i e; the a joi olu ta il .

He e, ilita egist atio does ot lead to auto ati

o ilisatio .

A o di g to a hu a ita ia NGO, o Uk ai ia o e ha e ee fo efull

e uited.

Co t a to this, hile a ti e ilita se i e is olu ta fo o e ,

Legal Hu d ed e tio ed

that the e a e e a ples of o e ho ha e ee

o ilised o a o - olu ta il asis afte

Fe ua

. The sou e, ho e e , did ot p o ide o e i fo atio .

Fu the o e, the poli

a d i ple e tatio of the legislatio ega di g o ilisatio of o e a ha ge a ti e, a d

o se ue tl , o e a oad a e hesita t to etu to Uk ai e.

100

Wo e , ho ha e ee egiste ed i the ilita , a e alled up fo ilita se i e o assig ed

to pe fo tasks elated to the defe e of the ou t du i g a tial la .

101

Mo eo e , ilita

eligi ilit of o e ill e dete i ed diplo a a d the a tual pla e of o k.

102

To e egiste ed fo

ite ia:



ilita

se i e, o e , like

ho a e d afted,

ust

eet the follo i g

they must be below the age of 60;

the MMCs must declare the women fit for military service following a medical

examination of their health;

the MMCs ust issue a esolutio f o the Milita I tellige e Se i e stati g fit fo

ilita se i e o u fit fo ilita se i e i pea eti e, li ited fit i a ti e to

determine their suitability.

103

Repo tedl , o de o ito s ha e e ei ed a i ease i ou selli g e uests f o

o e ,

pa ti ula l o e ith edi al a d pha a euti al p ofessio s, seeki g additio al la ifi atio

o the la a d the e e ptio e ui e e ts du i g the o ths of Septe e a d O to e

104

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 16; International Organisation based in Kyiv: 13; Legal Hundred: 18; An

international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 13

European Business Association - EBA,

Wo e s

ilita egist atio . What ill ha ge f o O to e ,

October 2023,

url

An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 13

Denmark, DIS,

Ukraine Exit rules, exemptions from military service/mobilisation during martial law, documentation,

punishment of evaders and deserters from military service,

June 2023,

url,

p. 22

Legal Hundred: 18

100

An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 13

101

European Business Association - EBA,

Wo e s

ilita egist atio . What ill ha ge f o O to e ,

October 2023,

url;

102

CNN,

Women who have medical education must register for military service, says Ukraine,

8 September 2023,

url

103

An International Organisation: 10

104

An international Organisation: 11

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

105

Wo e

eeti g the ite ia stipulated i o de No.

, a e est i ted f o

ossi g

i te atio al o de s.

106

A o di g to e s a ti les, t a el est i tio s o l appl to o e ho

a e o ilised to the ilita a d ill ot affe t those o e ho a e o l egiste ed i the

ilita egist o t a to all e aged -

ho a e o e ed the ge e al t a el a .

107

see s, ho e e , that offi ial i st u tio s to p e e t o e su je ti e to o ilisatio f o e iti g

ha e ot ee o

u i ated to the State Bo de Gua d Se i e SBGS , a d he e, the SBGS does

ot p e e t o e f o e iti g Uk ai e.

108

A o di g to a SBGS spokespe so , the fa t that so e

o e a e o ilised does ot ea that the ill auto ati all e o e ed a t a el a .

109

Ne e theless, UHHRU oted that o e ep ese tati es f o the pu li offi es o

ad i ist atio s su h as the judi ia , ha e ee su je ted to t a el a .

110

Fo o e i fo atio

o the e it ules a d e e ptio , efe e e is ade to the epo t of DIS f o Ju e

111

1.3 Mobilisation procedures

Uk ai e is fa

a d as Uk ai

o ilisatio

i fo atio

i g i eased p essu e o its o ilisatio effo ts as the Russia agg essio d ags out,

e fights a la ge Russia a

112

Repo tedl , at the ti e of iti g this epo t, a e

efo to st e gthe the o ilisatio effo ts is o the a see

se tio . .

ega di g the d aft p oposal .

113

The e uit e t p o edu e is i itiated he i di iduals lia le fo ilita se i e pe so all

e ei e a su

o s lette that ust e sig ed upo e eipt. Without the e eipt a d sig atu e of a

o s lette , o pe so is o liged to egiste fo o ilisatio . The lette is to e ha ded o e

ph si all

a offi e f o the TRC o a poli e offi e a d a ot e ha ded o e to a o e else

tha the i te ded e ipie t, e.g. a elati e.

114

Follo i g the e eipt a d sig atu e of the lette , the

Ministry of Defence of Ukraine, Order No. 313,

On the approval of the List of specialities and / or professions related

to the relevant military accounting specialities, after which women are accepted for military registration of those liable

for military service and the List of specialities and / or professions related to the relevant military accounting specialities,

11 October 2021,

url

106

CNN,

Women who have medical education must register for military service, says Ukraine,

8 September 2023,

url

107

Visit Ukraine,

Military registration for women: who has to go to TAC in October?,

10 September 2023,

url;

Kyiv Post,

Some Women in Ukraine Must Register for Army

–

Could Still Go Abroad,

8 September 2023,

url

108

International Organisation: 13; Suspilne.media,

едо то , к

о т

ть т т

ько

о л к, о уть

д т

ко до —

[Women

with a medical education, who must register for

military service from October 1, will be able to travel abroad

—

DPSU]

28 September 2023,

url

109

Suspilne.media,

едо то , к

о т

ть т т

ько

о л к, о уть

д т

ко до —

, [Women

with a medical education, who must register for military service from October 1, will be

able to travel abroad

—

DPSU],

28 September 2023,

url;

European Business Association - EBA,

Wo e s ilita

registration. What will change from October 1, 2023?,

5 October 2023,

url

110

UHHRU: 25

111

Denmark, DIS,

Ukraine Exit rules, exemptions from military service/mobilisation during martial law, documentation,

punishment of evaders and deserters from military service,

June 2023,

url

112

Reuters,

Ukraine prepares army mobilisation reforms as war drags on

–

Zelenskiy,

24 November 2023,

url;

The

Economist,

Uk ai e s a

is st uggli g to fi d good e uits,

17 December 2023,

url

113

Reuters,

Ukraine prepares army mobilisation reforms as war drags on

–

Zelenskiy,

24 November 2023,

url;

Reuters,

Ukraine considers proposal by army to mobilise another 500,000 for war,

20 December 2023,

url

114

Investigative journalist: 9; An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 15; UHHRU: 21;

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 28; Legal Hundred: 4;

105

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

pe so of o e

lette .

115

is o liged to appea i pe so at the TRC ithi the pe iod spe ified i the

The TRCs a e espo si le fo issui g ilita egist atio do u e ts, su h as o s ipt e tifi ates,

ilita ti kets, te po a e tifi ates et . to pe so s lia le fo ilita se i e. I di iduals

o ed fo o ilisatio

ust pass a ilita

edi al e a i atio a d u de go t ai i g efo e

se i g i the ilita .

116

The MMCs a e espo si le fo o du ti g a edi al e a i atio of the

pe so lia le fo ilita se i e.

117

Depe di g o the o lusio of the edi al e a i atio , a d taki g i to a ou t the le el of

ele a t edu atio a d ualifi atio s, the i di idual lia le fo ilita se i e a e de la ed

ilita fit a d e e te ed i to the ilita egiste .

118

The TRCs dete i e hethe edi al

e a i atio s should e o du ted.

119

If a pe so is de la ed ilita fit afte the edi al

e a i atio , the pe so e ei es a othe su

o s to a eeti g, hi h spe ifies the ti e a d

pla e he o she ust epo t.

120

Ho e e , if the TRCs o side that the flight isk is high, the offi e s

a es o t the pe so ho e, allo i g hi o he to olle t his pe so al elo gi gs, afte hi h the

pe so is o ilised i

ediatel . The sa e a e the ase if the pe so has a o eted ilita

spe ialit .

121

Milita t ai i g is

o p e ious ilita

it is p o edu e to u

i fo atio o t ai

a dato fo o ilised pe so s, ut the le gth a d atu e of t ai i g depe d

e pe ie e.

122

Befo e ei g se t to se e at the f o tli e of the a ed fo es,

de go t ai i g u less ha i g e e t ilita e pe ie e

123

Fo fu the

i g, see

se tio . .

The e is a high p e ale e of o ilisatio di e tl f o the st eets a d i othe pu li pla es,

he e the autho ities he k the ilita status of people a d ha d out su

o s to appea at the

An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 15; Legal Hundred: 4; Ukrainian Non-

Governmental Organisation: 28; Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada,

З ко Ук

П о

ько

о о ' ок

ько у

лу у [The

Law of Ukraine about military duty and military service],

No. 2233-XII dated 25.03.92, No. 27, Article 386,

1992,

url,

Article 14, Paragraph 6

116

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada,

З ко Ук

П о

ько

о о ' ок

ько у лу у [The

Law of Ukraine about

military duty and military service],

No. 2233-XII dated 25.03.92, No. 27, Article 386, 1992,

url

Article 1, Paragraph 10

117

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada,

З ко Ук

П о

ько

о о ' ок

ько у лу у [The

Law of Ukraine about

military duty and military service],

No. 2233-XII dated 25.03.92, No. 27, Article 386, 1992,

url,

Article 14, Paragraph 9

118

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada,

З ко Ук

П о

ько

о о ' ок

ько у лу у [The

Law of Ukraine about

military duty and military service],

No. 2233-XII dated 25.03.92, No. 27, Article 386, 1992,

url,

Article 14, Paragraph 10

119

Denmark, DIS,

Ukraine Exit rules, exemptions from military service/mobilization during martial law, documentation,

punishment of evaders and deserters from military service,

June 2023,

url,

p. 47

120

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 30

121

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 29

122

Legal Hundred: 31

123

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 44

115

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

TRCs.

124

A Uk ai ia NGO has des i ed ho

et ee the egio s.

125

he kpoi ts a e f e ue t i

o de egio s a d

A i te atio al o ga isatio o ki g i Uk ai e oted that the autho ities ha e ee

o e a ti e

126

ith o ilisatio i so e egio s, e.g. the Odesa egio . A pe so

a e ei e a su

o s

lette se e al ti es e ause the lette s a e so eti es auto ati all ha ded out i the st eet.

Whe fi ishi g a he k at the TRCs, a pe so ill e ei e a oti e, i hi h the date of the

o pleted he k at a TRC appea s. He e, if the pe so is stopped a ilita e uit e t offi e

i the st eet, the pe so a p ese t the oti e a d the ilita e uit e t offi e a o lude

that the pe so does ot eed to sho up at the TRC agai .

127

If a i di idual, ho has e ei ed a d sig ed the su

o s lette , fails to appea at the TRC o the

date stated i the lette , the pe so of o e

ill e issued a ad i ist ati e fi e.

128

Afte pa i g

the fi e, the pe so of o e is still o liged to egiste at the TRC.

129

If the pe so fails to appea

afte a ilita

edi al e a i atio has ee o luded a d a o ilisatio o de has ee issued,

the pe so is held i i all lia le fo faili g to epo t.

130

If a pe so is ot su je t to o ilisatio ,

he o she is issued a e tifi ate that ust e p ese ted at the TRC du i g the do u e t he k.

131

Should the TRCs de iate f o the legislati e ules, it is possi le to ha d i a o plai t ega di g

possi le diso edie e i the e uit e t p o edu es. A o di g to Legal Hu d ed, the o plai t

p o edu es a e, ge e all , fai a d ostl follo ed i p a ti e.

132

Fo i fo atio ega di g the

pu ish e t a d t eat e t of ilita e ade s, see

hapte

The fo al p o edu e of o ilisatio is u ifo a oss the ou t ; the e a e o egio al

diffe e es i the e uit e t p o edu e.

133

A o di g to Legal Hu d ed, the e uit e t

p o edu es a e si ila fo o ilised pe so s a d olu tee s.

134

1.3.1. Registration procedures

The TRCs ha e a ess to egiste ed i fo atio o i di iduals pe so s lia le fo o ilisatio f o

p e ious p o edu es, e.g. egist atio of add ess. I additio , the TRCs a e a le to e ha ge

i fo atio o i di iduals a oss othe autho it egist ies, e.g. i fo atio f o ta offi es,

Legal Hundred: 8; International Organisation working in Ukraine: 9, 10; International Humanitarian Organisation with

headquarter in EU: 9; Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 7, 12, 30

125

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 7, 11

126

International Organisation working in Ukraine: 9

127

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 30

128

Denmark, DIS,

Ukraine Exit rules, exemptions from military service/mobilization during martial law, documentation,

punishment of evaders and deserters from military service,

June 2023,

url,

p. 56; Legal Hundred: 4

129

Legal Hundred: 4; Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 30

130

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 30; Legal Hundred: 4

131

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 30

132

Legal Hundred: 5

133

Investigative journalist: 9; Legal Hundred: 4; An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 15;

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 35

134

Legal Hundred: 4

124

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

a ks et ., hi h e a les TRCs to lo ate pe so s lia le fo o ilisatio . Ho e e , the e is a la k of

a e t alised digital data ase a d the e ha ge of i fo atio is ot uite effe ti e.

135

I this espe t, se e al a e d e ts to the o ilisatio legislatio ha e ee p oposed to the

pa lia e t. If these a e d e ts a e e fo ed, it ill, a o di g to P

p, e a le lo al odies to

o ilise i di iduals di e tl f o the st eet.

136

Fu the o e, UHHRU oted that the e is a p oposal

to e a le TRCs to e ei e i fo atio o pe so s lia le fo ilita se i e f o offi ial

o kpla es, hi h ill e a le o ilisatio di e tl f o the o kpla es.

137

The e is u e tl o ele t o i p o edu e fo e ei i g a d sig i g the su

o s lette as

138

des i ed a o e. While sou es opi ed that e uit e t p o edu es a e u ifo

139

a d hea il

egulated,

140

the u -digitalised p o edu e li its the oppo tu it fo o ito i g, hi h i tu

leads to o uptio a d di i ishes the effo t to fight o uptio .

141

The topi of o uptio is

u folded i

hapte

. Mo eo e , the fa t that su

o s lette s a e ha ded o e i pe so athe

tha ei g su itted ia a digitalised p o edu e, gi es pe so s lia le fo ilita se i e lee a to

e ade o ilisatio

o i g to othe to s o add esses tha offi iall egiste ed. Re uit e t

offi e s of TRCs ill ot k o

he e people a e esidi g, e ause the o l ha e i fo atio o

the pla e of egist atio . Mo eo e , Uk ai ia autho ities do ot ha e suffi ie t esou es to

sea h fo o ete pe so s ho a e hidi g to a oid o ilisatio .

142

1.3.2. Military ticket

A ilita ti ket В ько

к ток is a do u e t that o fi s the ide tit of a e plo ee of

the A ed Fo es of Uk ai e, the State Bo de Gua d Se i e SBGS , the Se u it Se i e o the

Milita I tellige e Se i e of Uk ai e.

143

An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 16

Pryncyp: 6

137

UHHRU: 24

138

Investigative journalist: 9; Legal Hundred: 4; An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 15;

UHHRU: 19; Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 28

139

Legal Hundred: 4; An International Humanitarian Organisation:15; Investigative Journalist: 9

140

Legal Hundred: 4

141

Pryncyp: 15; NACP: 10

142

Investigative journalist: 15; UHHRU: 21

143

Denmark, DIS,

Ukraine Exit rules, exemptions from military service/mobilization during martial law, documentation,

punishment of evaders and deserters from military service,

June 2023, pp. 30-31,

url;

Ukraine,

по т о о №

ету

о док о

т еде

ько о о о л ку п о

ько о о о

т е е

[resolution No. 1487, Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, Procedure for organizing

and maintaining military records of conscripts, conscripts and reservists],

30 December 2022, Article 20,

url;

Ukraine,

Ук о П е де т Ук

№

[De ee of the P eside t of Uk ai e No.

ОЛО

,п о

ько

к ток о

до о о, е

т ько о т

ько о кл ду [REGULATIONS o the ilita ID of

privates, sergeants and petty officers],

30 December 2016,

url

136

135

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

The TRCs issue

ti kets.

144

ilita

ti kets, e ept fo the se u it se i es, hi h issue thei o

ilita

Milita ti kets a e issued to pe so s ou d fo ilita se i e, ese ists, p i ates, o -

issio ed offi e s a d ju io offi e s.

145

It is issued fo o s iptio to ilita se i e;

e list e t to highe ilita edu atio al i stitutio s a d ilita lasses of highe edu atio al

i stitutio s; e plo e t o t a t i the a o e- e tio ed a ed fo es; the e d of

alte ati e o - ilita se i e; e o al o e lusio of ilita egist atio due to health

easo s a d de otio f o offi e to lo e a k.

146

The do u e t o tai s i fo atio a out date a d pla e of i th, edu atio a d spe ialisatio

a d a ital status page ; ilita affiliatio p. - ; egist atio as a ese ist p. - ;

eapo s pe issio s p. - ; all-up a d e d of o ilisatio p. -

a d ilita

egist atio s p. - .

147

Pi tu es of the ilita ti ket a e fou d i a te h i al des iptio of

the do u e t i Uk ai ia la guage o the e site of the Mi ist of Defe e.

148

1.3.3 Forceful recruitment methods

Sou es i te ie ed diffe ed i thei ie ega di g to hat e te t fo eful a d oe i e

e uit e t p o edu es a e p e ale t as of No e e

. I this ega d, the i estigati e

jou alist opi ed that the defi itio of fo ed e uit e t is u lea , a d the disti tio et ee

fo ed, oe i e a d olu ta is lu .

149

Ne e theless, this epo t efe s to fo ed o fo eful

e uit e t as a oe i e ethod i ol i g ele e ts of di e t i ti idatio , iole e a d

agg essio .

Th ee sou es highlighted that o pa ed to p e iousl , fo eful e uit e t is o e p e ale t

No e e

ith e a ples of people ei g illegall detai ed, i posed t a el a s a d fo ed

to appea at the TRCs.

150

It as epo ted that a

e uite s ha e e o e i easi gl agg essi e

Uk ai e, Ук о П е де т Ук

№

[De ee of the P eside t of Uk ai e No.

ОЛО

,п о

ько

к ток о

до о о, е

т ько о т

ько о кл ду [REGULATIONS o

the military ID of privates, sergeants and petty officers],

30 December 2016, article 3.1; 3.2; 3.3,

url

145

Denmark, DIS,

Ukraine Exit rules, exemptions from military service/mobilization during martial law, documentation,

punishment of evaders and deserters from military service,

June 2023, p. 30-31,

url;

Uk ai e, Ук о П е де т

Ук

№

[De ee of the P eside t of Uk ai e No.

ОЛО

,п о

ько

к ток о

до о о, е

т ько о т

ько о кл ду [REGULATIONS o the ilita ID of p i ates, se gea ts a d pett

officers],

30 December 2016,

url

146

Uk ai e, Ук о П е де т Ук

№

[De ee of the P eside t of Uk ai e No.

ОЛО

,п о

ько

к ток о

до о о, е

т ько о т

ько о кл ду [REGULATIONS o

the military ID of privates, sergeants and petty officers],

30 December 2016,

url

147

Uk ai e, Ук о П е де т Ук

№

[De ee of the P eside t of Uk ai e No.

ОЛО

,п о

ько

к ток о

до о о, е

т ько о т

ько о кл ду [REGULATIONS o

the military ID of privates, sergeants and petty officers],

30 December 2016, article 4,

url

148

Ukraine, Ministry of Defence,

Military Ticket of Privates, Sergeants and Non-commissioned Officers, Technical

Specification,

17 August 2017,

https://www.mil.gov.ua/content/ddz/TY_2019/44vsiyskovyj_kvutok_ryadovogo_sklady.pdf

[copy link into browser]

149

Investigative journalist: 11

150

UHHRU: 22-23; An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 17-20; Ukrainian Non-

Governmental Organisation: 12

144

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

i thei e uit e t ethods a d use of illegal ta ti s.

151

It is a esult of pe so s lia le fo ilita

se i e ei g less e thusiasti o to joi the ilita o pa ed to

o i ed ith the

ilita

a po e ha i g li ited esou es,

152

a d he e, the TRCs a e st uggli g to fill the pla es

a d thus eso t to othe ea s of e uit e t ethods.

153

A Uk ai ia NGO opi ed that e a ples of iole t a d agg essi e e uit e t ethods e e o e

p e ale t at the egi i g of

a d de eased i the sp i g of

. The sou e e phasised

that those ethods ha e o stopped, o e e at least less f e ue t, as a esult of the u o e i g

of su h ases o so ial edia a d the i itiatio of i i al ases agai st ilita offi e s usi g

u la ful ethods.

154

Ho e e , the sa e sou e opi ed that the p o le s ith fo eful a d

a it a

o ilisatio a e idesp ead fo the hole so iet .

155

A i estigati e jou alist oted

that iole t fo ed e uit e t does ot happe ofte , although the e ha e ee e a ples of

this.

156

The e is li ited offi ial a ou ti g of fo eful e uit e t ases, a d it is diffi ult to do u e t

ases, fi d it esses a d e if u e s a d epo ts.

157

A o di g to a e s a ti le Reute s,

the e uit e t p o esses a e happe i g out of ie .

158

Ho e e , la e s a d a ti ists ha e

stated that the e a e thousa ds of e a ples of a ious deg ees of oe io , a d i No e e

, the e e e

pu li l k o

ou t de isio s elated to u la ful o ilisatio

ethods.

159

E a ples of fo eful a d oe i e e uit e

ou ded up o the st eet, su je ted to iole

t a el a s, fo efull

ought to the TRCs a

follo i g, e a ples of fo eful a d oe i e

gi e the list is ot e hausti e :



ethods i ol e situatio s he e i di iduals a e

e a d i ti idatio , held agai st thei ill, i posed

d oe ed to sig the su

o s lette .

160

I the

e uit e t ethods fou d i diffe e t sou es a e

There are social media videos showing recruitment officers handing out summons letters

on the street, at metro stations or gyms, using force against those who resist.

161

Others

NYT,

People S at he s : Uk ai e s Re uite s Use Ha sh

Tactics to Fill Ranks,

15 December 2023,

url

The Economist,

Ukraine finds stepping up mobilisation is not so easy,

26 February 2023,

url;

Investigative journalist:

13; The Economist,

Uk ai e s a

is st uggli g to fi d good e uits,

17 December 2023,

url;

The Ti e,

Nobody

Belie es i Ou Vi to Like I Do. I side Volod

Zele sk s St uggle to Keep Uk ai e i the Fight,

30 October 2023,

url

153

The Economist,

Uk ai e s a

is st uggli g to fi d good e uits,

17 December 2023,

url

154

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 39-42

155

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 13

156

Investigative journalist: 12

157

Legal Hundred: 6-7; The Economist,

Ukraine finds stepping up mobilisation is not so easy,

26 February 2023,

url

158

Reuters,

Ukrainian army proposal to call up more civilians gets mixed reaction in Kyiv,

20 December 2023,

url

159

NYT,

People S at he s : Uk ai e s Re uite s Use Ha sh Ta ti s to Fill Ra ks,

15 December 2023,

url

160

Investigative journalist: 12; Legal Hundred: 6-8; Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 39-40; An international

humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 17-19; UHHRU: 22-23; Denmark, DIS,

Ukraine Exit rules, exemptions

from military service/mobilization during martial law, documentation, punishment of evaders and deserters from

military service,

June 2023,

url,

p. 39; BBC News,

Ukraine war: The men who don't want to fight,

22 August 2023,

url;

The Guardian,

Bribes and hiding at home: the Ukrainian men trying to avoid conscription,

15 August 2023,

url

151

152

An International Humanitarian Organisation with headquarter in EU: 17; Reuters,

Ukrainian army proposal to call up

more civilians gets mixed reaction in Kyiv,

20 December 2023,

url

161

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON



show officers shoving men into cars and holding men against their will in the TRCs.

162

Ukrainian NGO highlighted that military recruitment personnel hand out summons on the

street demanding persons to report at TRCs; however, the individuals were not brought to

serve in the armed forces immediately.

163

The e a e epo ts of e uit e t offi e s o fis ati g i di iduals passpo ts afte pulli g

them off the streets to ensure that they had to sign the summons. Moreover, there are

examples of persons who have been taken from their jobs and brought to the TRCs.

164

Beatings at the TRCs have been documented.

165

There is moreover a prevalent fear of going to employment centres to apply for legal jobs

due to the risk of being forcefully mobilised, and consequently, many men prefer illegal

employment.

166

Finally, there are examples of people held in custody for two to three days

incommunicado

before being summoned and brought to the TRC.

167

A hu a ita ia NGO oted that o e so eo e has ee

ought to the TRC, the e a e li ited

oppo tu ities fo p ote ti g o eself f o fo eful e uit e t. The sa e sou e added that

ph si al iole e is less o

o o pa ed to ps hologi al p essu e, espe iall he pe so s a e

stopped du i g the he ks.

168

UHHRU oted that TRCs ould hold people i ustod o house

a est i posi g the

ot to lea e the ou t a d i g the to the ilita u its. The e a e also

e a ples of people ei g illegall detai ed.

169

1.3.3.1 Regional differences in forceful recruitment

I te s of egio al diffe e es i the p e ale e of fo eful e uit e t, the situatio is ot

e ti el lea .

Th ee sou es stated that i the easte , este

170

a d southe

171

egio s, e uit e t offi e s

ha e ee

o e a ti e i usi g illegal e uit e t ethods,

172

hile t o sou es assessed that the

p e ale e of fo eful e uit e t is the sa e a oss egio s.

173

Mo e spe ifi all , the e a e

epo ts f o Odesa

174

, L i a d D ip o of fo ed o ilisatio he e e uit e t offi e s ha e

An International Humanitarian Organisation with headquarter in EU: 18; NYT,

People S at he s : Uk ai e s Re

uiters

Use Harsh Tactics to Fill Ranks,

15 December 2023,

url

163

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 31

164

NYT,

People S at he s : Uk ai e s Re uite s

Use Harsh Tactics to Fill Ranks,

15 December 2023,

url

165

An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 17

166

An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 19

167

UHHRU: 22-23

168

An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 17

169

UHHRU: 22-23

170

International Organisation working in Ukraine: 9; Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 36

171

International Organisation working in Ukraine: 9; An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU:

172

International Organisation working in Ukraine: 9; Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 36; An international

humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 18

173

Legal Hundred: 7; An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 20

174

International Organisation working in Ukraine: 9; An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU:

162

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

used agg essi e fo e agai st ales t a elli g i

thei ill to e o ilised i

ediatel .

175

uses o a s a d

ought the

to TRCs agai st

A o di g to a hu a ita ia NGO a d a Uk ai ia NGO, fo eful e uit e t is a isk fo all p ofiles

a d idesp ead fo the e ti e so iet .

176

Ho e e , the Uk ai ia NGO a d a i te atio al

o ga isatio o ki g i Uk ai e oted that the e a e fe e su h ases i K i .

177

Pa t of the

e pla atio fo this is that i ha ita ts i K i a e o e k o ledgea le a out the ules a d

egulatio s, esulti g i highe a ida e

e uit e t offi e s a d a o e polite attitude at

he kpoi ts.

178

Mo eo e , the e is a te de

that fo eful e uit e t happe s o e f e ue tl

i s alle ities a d i the ou t side, as i ha ita ts a e ge e all less a a e of thei ights.

179

Be ause of these diffe e es, people a e af aid to o e et ee p o i es, as the fea

o ilisatio .

180

Ge e all , ilita he ks a e ost f e ue t o the st eet a d i othe pu li

spa es, su h as g s, ight lu s, a d he kpoi ts as ell as at e t ies a d e its et ee the

ities, to s a d illages,

181

esulti g i people ei g af aid to o e a ou d.

182

1.3.2.2 Forceful recruitment methods against Ukrainian nationals in the occupied territories by the

Russian Armed Forces

Fo eful e uit e t ethods the Russia A ed Fo es of Uk ai ia itize s ha e ee

do u e ted i the o upied te ito ies i the south a d east of Uk ai e.

183

I te atio al

Hu a ita ia La IHL p ohi its the o up i g po e , i this ase the Russia Fede atio , to

o ilise eside ts of o upied te ito ies i to its a ed fo es.

184

A i te atio al o ga isatio

oted that o pelli g Uk ai ia itize s to se e i the Russia A ed Fo es is a additio al IHL

iolatio to the u la ful i positio of Russia passpo ts o stituti g a g a e ea h of the

Ge e a Co e tio .

185

While su h ases a e do u e ted, the sou e ould ot esta lish hethe

the ases o pose a patte .

186

175

176

An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 18

An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 20; Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation:

International Organisation working in Ukraine: 9; Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 35

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 35

179

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 41; An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in

EU:19

180

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 37

181

An international humanitarian Organisation with headquarter in EU: 9

182

International Organisation working in Ukraine: 10

183

IWPR,

Ukrainians Forcibly Recruited to Russian Army,

6 June 2023,

url;

International Organisation based in Kyiv: 15;

HRW,

Russia Forces Ukrainians in Occupied Areas into Military,

20 December 2023,

url;

OHCHR,

Report on the Human

Rights Situation in Ukraine, 1 August 2023- 30 November 2023,

url,

p. 13

184

International Organisation based in Kyiv: 14; Office of the High Commissioner of Human Rights

–

OHCHR,

Report on

the Human Rights Situation in Ukraine, 1 February

–

31 July 2023,

url,

p. 21

185

International Organisation based in Kyiv: 16

186

International Organisation based in Kyiv: 15

178

177

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

As of August

, ,

eside ts of the o upied te ito ies e e, a o di g to the K i

I depe de t, epo tedl fo i l o ilised i to the Russia A ed Fo es si e Fe ua

The u e ould ot e o o o ated othe sou es.

187

It is ell-k o that Uk ai ia s i the o upied te ito ies a e ei g i posed Russia passpo ts.

Othe ise the ill fa e li ited a ess to health a e, so ial se i es, e plo e t et . I p a ti e,

o tai i g Russia itize ship a lead to o ilisatio to the Russia A ed Fo es.

188

Su h

p o edu es date a k to the illegal a e atio of C i ea i

189

The e a e e a ples of the use of dete tio

190

, i te ogatio , th eats a d oe i e ta ti s the

Russia A ed Fo es i Do etsk a d Luha sk egio s to o pel e to joi a d sig o t a ts

ith the ,

191

as ell as i ide ts of a i g out aids a d detai i g lo al eside ts efo e ei g

se t to spe iall e uipped field a ps ahead of pa ti ipati g i hostilities.

192

I additio , Uk ai ia

i ilia s ha e ee fo ed i to spe ial deta h e ts ilita u its a d d ugged, a d a o e

atte pti g to es ape epo tedl isked e e utio .

193

The e a e se e do u e ted ases of e

f o Do etsk a d Luha sk ho e e o s ipted i to the sepa atists ilitias i Fe ua

a d deplo ed at the f o tli e.

194

The Russia A ed Fo es ha e a so ed the ilitias a d fo ed the sig i g of o t a ts ith its

e e s. Refusi g to sig o t a ts, thei o

a de s th eate ed to deplo the e e s of the

ilitias to the f o tli e assault u its, a d those lea i g thei u its e e o side ed dese te s. I

fi e of the ases, the Russia autho ities sea hed the e s ho es a d o pelled thei fe ale

elati es to u eil thei he ea outs o fa e o se ue es, su h as i i al p ose utio o

de i g s hool e ol e t.

195

O O to e

, i the a ual fall ilita o s iptio a paig , the Russia autho ities, fo

the fi st ti e, i luded the o upied egio s of Do etsk, Luha sk, Khe so a d Zapo izhzhia ith

the esult that e aged to i the o upied te ito ies e e su je ted to o s iptio fo a

pe iod of

o ths i to the Russia A ed Fo es fighti g thei o

ou t .

196

Mo eo e , the e

a e ases of Uk ai ia P iso e s of Wa POWs i Uk ai e, ho ha e ee

o ilised i to the

Russia A ed Fo es. The t eat e t of these POWs depe ds o the situatio ; so e ha e ee

p ose uted fo t easo hile othe s e e e ha ged a k to Russia. A o di g to a i te atio al

o ga isatio , the POWs ofte ha e the hoi e to de ide hethe the ish to e e ha ged a k

187

The Kyiv Independent,

HUR Reports Forcible Mobilization of 60,000 Residents of the Occupied Territories Into Russian

Army,

1 August 2023,

url

188

International Organisation based in Kyiv: 16

189

International Organisation based in Kyiv: 16; IWPR,

Ukrainians Forcibly Recruited to Russian Army,

6 June 2023,

url

190

HRW,

Russia Forces Ukrainians in Occupied Areas into Military,

20 December 2023,

url

191

Report on the Human Rights Situation in Ukraine, 1 February

–

31 July 2023,

url,

p. 21

192

IWPR,

Ukrainians Forcibly Recruited to Russian Army,

6 June 2023,

url

193

IWPR,

Ukrainians Forcibly Recruited to Russian Army,

6 June 2023,

url

194

OHCHR,

Report on the Human Rights Situation in Ukraine, 1 August 2023- 30 November 2023,

url,

p. 13

195

OHCHR,

Report on the Human Rights Situation in Ukraine, 1 August 2023- 30 November 2023,

url,

p. 13

196

OHCHR,

Report on the Human Rights Situation in Ukraine, 1 August 2023- 30 November 2023,

url,

p. 13

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

to Russia o u de go p ose utio i Uk ai e.

197

The I te atio al O ga isatio highlighted that the

Go e

e t of Uk ai e has a p og a fo e ol e t of Uk ai ia itize s, ho a e al ead se i g

i the Russia A ed Fo es, that g a ts i

u it fo p ose utio if the tu the sel es i .

198

1.4 Exemptions from military service during mobilisation

As stipulated the Co stitutio of Uk ai e, e e itize has a dut to defe d the ou t

thus o e ed the all fo o ilisatio .

199

Ho e e , e tai g oups a e e e pted

pe a e tl o defe ed te po a il as e plai ed i this se tio a d

se tio .

a d is

The la O Milita Dut a d Milita Se i e

200

egulates the ules fo e e ptio to ilita

se i e du i g pea eti e. This applies to, fo i sta e, i di iduals e og ised ith a disa ilit o

de la ed u fit fo ilita se i e; pe so s ith a hild o ho a e suppo ti g a spouse o pa e t

ith a disa ilit o se ious disease; pe so s ho o pleted ilita se i e i a othe ou t

efo e a ui i g Uk ai ia itize ship ; i di iduals o i ted fo a se ious i i al offe se et .

201

The la O Mo ilisatio T ai i g a d Mo ilisatio

202

o stitutes the legal asis fo ilita se i e

du i g a pe iod of o ilisatio . The sa e la esta lishes a d egulates the easo s fo e e ptio

f o e uit e t fo o ilisatio . The e is a disti tio et ee the t o defi itio s of

e e ptio s: pe so s ot su je t to o ilisatio a d pe so s te po a il ot su je t to

o ilisatio o defe e t, see

se tio .

203

The atego ies of people ho a e ot su je t to



o ilisatio a e:

204



People reserved by state authorities and bodies, local self-government bodies, as well as

enterprises, institutions and organisations;

People recognised with disabilities or declared temporarily unfit for military service due to

health conditions; see also

section 1.1.3

for recent changes on the exemption rules for

people with medical conditions;

Women and men who have three or more dependent children under the age of 18;

Women and men who independently raise a child (children) under the age of 18;

International Organisation based in Kyiv: 18

International Organisation based in Kyiv: 17

199

Ukraine,

Constitution of Ukraine,

28 June 1996,

url

200

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada,

ко к

ько

о о ' ок

ько у лу у [La of Uk ai e o Milita

Duty and Military Service],

1992,

url

201

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada,

ко к

ько

о о ' ок

ько у лу у [La of Uk ai e o Milita

Duty and Military Service],

1992, article 18,

url;

For more information on the rules for exemption during peacetime -

See: Denmark, DIS,

Ukraine; Exit rules, exemptions from military service/mobilisation during martial law,

documentation, punishment of evaders and deserters from military service,

June 2023, p. 18-21,

url

202

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada,,

ко к

о о л

у п д ото ку т о л

[La of Uk

aine on

Mobilisation Training and Mobilisation],

1993,

url

203

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada,

ко к

о о л

у п д ото ку т о л

[La of Uk ai e o

Mobilisation Preparation and Mobilisation],

1993, Article 23,

url

204

Ukraine,

ко к

о о л

у п д ото ку т о л

[La of Uk ai e o Mo ilisatio

Preparation and Mobilisation],

1993, Article 23,

url

198

197

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON



Women and men (incl. guardians) who raise a child under the age of 18 with a disability or

an adult child with a disability in group I or II;

205

Women and men (incl. guardians) who raise a child with severe medical conditions;

Women and men (incl. guardians) who have dependent orphans or children under the age

of 18 deprived parental care;

People engaged in constant care for a sick spouse, child or parent;

People with a spouse or parent with disability;

Guardians or people who provide constant care for a person with a disability;

Women and men with a minor child (children), where one of thethe spouses are serving in

the Armed Forces of Ukraine;

Deputies of the Verkhovna Rada (the parliament of Ukraine) or of the Autonomous

Republic of Crimea;

Employees of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, incl. enterprises, institutions and

organisations of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine and other bodies and organisations in

the sphere of state security (Security Services, National Guard, Police, Anti-corruption

bodies etc.).

206

o ilisatio o

1.4.1 Applying for exemption

The la o

o ilisatio sets the f a e o k fo appl i g fo e e ptio f o

e tai g ou ds.

207

A pe so appl i g fo e e ptio f o

o ilisatio

ust app oa h the TRCs ith the ele a t

do u e ts.

208

A appli atio

ust e su itted efo e a fi al de isio a out o ilisatio has

ade.

209

It is diffi ult to e e e pted o e a de isio of o ilisatio has ee

ade.

210

i fo atio o de o ilisatio , efe to

se tio . . .

a d

. .

The diffe e t ki ds of e e ptio s e ui e diffe e t ki ds of do u e ts to e su itted. Fo

i sta e, if a pe so applies o the asis of diseases, do u e ts f o a hospital ust e

su itted a d the pe so ill ha e to u de go a e

edi al e a i atio at the MMC et .

211

Uk ai e, Ve kho a Rada, П о де

у о ль у допо о у о о

лд т

д т т т дт

л д т

[La of Uk ai e, O State So ial Aid to Pe so s Disa led f o Childhood a d Disa led Child e ],

A ti le

u l,

G oup of disa ilit is dete i ed the edi al a d so ial e a i atio od .

205

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada,

ко к

о о л

у п д ото ку т о л

[La of Uk

aine on

Mobilisation Training and Mobilisation],

1993, Article 23,

url

207

UHHRU: 9; Legal Hundred: 19; International Organisation based in Kyiv: 9; Ukrainian Non-Governmental

Organisation: 32

208

Legal Hundred: 21; Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 32

209

Legal Hundred: 21

210

Legal Hundred: 22; Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 33; Pryncyp: 5

211

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 32; Denmark, DIS,

Ukraine Exit rules, exemptions from military

service/mobilization during martial law, documentation, punishment of evaders and deserters from military service,

June

2023,

url,

Section 2.2. Document requirements during martial law

206

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

Th ee sou es, o the o e ha d, stated that, i ge e al, the ules a d p a ti es of e e ptio see

to e e fo ed a d espe ted the Uk ai ia

ilita autho ities.

212

O the othe ha d, the sa e

sou es stated that the e a e so e i egula ities a d e a ples of people, ho had ee

o ed o o ilised despite fo all ha i g e e ptio easo s.

213

1.4.2 Violation in the exemption procedure

The e a e i egula ities a d ases of

e e ptio .

214

o ilisatio of people ho fo

all had easo s fo

I o e ase, a pe so ith epileps as o ilised a d died du i g ilita t ai i g. This e a ple

aused a pu li s a dal a d as aised efo e the Se u it Cou il a d the p eside t. This ase

as ot a e a ple of a dispute o the legislati e i te p etatio , ut a iolatio of the

o ilisatio p o edu es.

215

I a othe ase, it as epo ted that a a , ho eeded to follo a

spe ial diet due to o ple a do i al su ge , as u a le to get a edi al e e ptio e tifi ate

due to u eau ati a ie s a d e ded up fleei g the ou t to a oid o ilisatio .

216

A othe

epo t e tio s a pe so ith e tal disa ilit ho as se t to ilita t ai i g.

217

Legal Hu d ed opi ed that the ases of i egula ities a d iolatio s ithi the TRCs do ot

o stitute a s ste i p o le ; ho e e , it happe s elati el ofte . The e a e egio al diffe e es

i the e te t of o plia e ith the ules pe fo ed the TRCs. I u al a eas, the e ha e ee

o e e a ples of iolatio s of the o ilisatio p o edu e o pa ed to la ge u a a eas he e

people o e ofte ha e a ess to la e s o a i ol e the edia. At o e poi t, Legal Hu d ed

e ei ed a ajo it of o plai ts ega di g th ee TRCs i the este pa t of Uk ai e. Afte ha i g

otified the Mi ist of Defe e, ho isited the TRCs, the situatio allegedl ha ged.

218

Ho e e , a o di g to the Ne Yo k Ti es, the issue is p e ale t all o e the ou t . It o u s

ai l a o g the i po e ished so ial g oups, si e a people ith esou es eithe al ead

fled the ou t o paid i es to a oid o ilisatio .

219

Fu the o e, the e a e ases he e

people ith fe e esou es e e o ilised, despite ha i g legal easo s to e e e pted.

220

UHHRU: 10; An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 26; Legal Hundred: 23

UHHRU: 10; An International Humanitarian Organisation with headquarter in EU: 27-28; Legal Hundred: 23

214

UHHRU: 10; Pryncyp: 4; Legal Hundred: 23; An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 26-

; NYT,

People S at he s : Uk ai e

s Recruiters Use Harsh Tactics to Fill Ranks,

15 December 2023,

url;

Suspilne News,

ькко т

Оде

е ко е ту т уть о т

е т о л о

о о еп леп є

[The

military

registration and enlistment office in the Odesa region will not comment on the circumstances of the death of a mobilized

i g i e s a d faki g ill ess to es ape Uk ai e s d aft,

17 November

man with epilepsy],

5 August 2023,

url;

BBC,

S i

2023,

url

215

Suspilne News,

ькко т

Оде

е ко е ту т уть о т

е т о л о

о о

еп леп є

[The

military registration and enlistment office in the Odesa region will not comment on the circumstances of

the death of a mobilized man with epilepsy],

5 August 2023,

url;

UHHRU: 10; Pryncyp: 4

216

BBC,

S i

i g i e s a d faki g ill ess to es ape Uk ai e s d aft,

17 November 2023,

url

217

NYT,

People S at he s : Uk ai e s Re uite s Use Ha sh Ta ti s to Fill Ra ks,

15 December 2023,

url

218

Legal Hundred: 23

219

NYT,

People S at he s : Uk ai e s Re uite s Use Ha sh Ta ti s to Fill Ra ks,

15 December 2023,

url

220

An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 28;

NYT,

People S at he s : Uk ai e s Re uite s

Use Harsh Tactics to Fill Ranks,

15 December 2023,

url

213

212

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

The e ha e also ee ases, he e the TRCs ha e put p essu e o i di iduals ith e e ptio

do u e ts to e o ilised a

a .

221

A o di g to a hu a ita ia NGO, people ha e to e a a e

of thei ights a d a ti el se u e the eeded do u e tatio i o de ot to e su

o ed.

222

1.4.3 Possibility to appeal

I ge e al, the e is a f ee legal aid s ste i Uk ai e ith a ess to f ee legal ep ese tatio a d

gua a tees. Si e the e a e o spe ial ilita ou ts o ilita justi e s ste , all ases ega di g

e e ptio a e p o essed at the o al i il ou ts, ith legal gua a tees i pla e.

223

Whe a i di idual al ead has ee

o ilised, it is ofte diffi ult to e e e pted a d elie ed

224

f o dut at a late stage. The o al p o edu e fo a pe so i se i e, ho e o es eligi le

fo e e ptio , is to ha d o e the lai , i ludi g p oof of lai , to the o

a de . Fo i sta e,

if a se i e a e o es a fathe to a thi d hild, he ust p ese t his p oof of fathe hood a d that

he has th ee hild e . The p o ess usuall takes a ouple of eeks.

225

Legal Hu d ed also oted

that the e a e e a ples of the ules of e e ptio ot ei g follo ed i p a ti e the

a de s.

226

Su h ases of iolatio of the p o edu es the o

a de s a e p ese ted

to a highe o

a de o to the ou ts.

227

Ho e e , a ou t de isio o e e ptio ill usuall

ot e suffi ie t to e de o ilised.

228

Whe a pe so has a spe ifi positio i the ilita , the

pe so ould p o a l ot e elie ed of se i e, at least ot u til a epla e e t has ee fou d,

despite a ou t de isio o e e ptio . O l the o

a de of a u it a

ake su h a de isio .

229

1.4.4 Women and exemption from mobilisation

I ge e al, o e a e ot o ilised to the A ed Fo es of Uk ai e. Ho e e , as stated i se tio

. .

o the o ilisatio of o e , so e atego ies of o e a e e ui ed to egiste fo

o ilisatio due to thei p ofessio i the edi al a d pha a euti al sphe e. The e a e e tai

e e ptio ules pe tai i g spe ifi all to o e i these p ofessio s.

230

The atego ies of e e ptio s a e:



Reserved medical workers who have received a deferment from military service;

Women temporarily considered unfit for military service due to their health. If the new

draft changes to the law on Mobilisation is adopted, this category will be abolished;

Mothers with specific criteria who are taking care of dependents;

231

221

222

An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 27

An International Humanitarian Organisation with headquarter in EU: 28

223

International Organisation based in Kyiv: 9; 23

224

Legal Hundred: 22; Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 33; Pryncyp: 5

225

Legal Hundred: 22; Pryncyp: 5

226

Legal Hundred 22

227

Legal Hundred: 22; Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 34

228

Pryncyp: 5; Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 33

229

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 33: Pryncyp: 5

230

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada,

ко к

о о л

у п д ото ку т о л

Mobilisation Training and Mobilisation],

1993, Article 23,

url;

International Organisation: 8

231

The source did not specify on the criteria of this category

[La of Uk

aine on

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON



Women providing constant care to individuals in need;

Women who are spouses, daughters, or daughters-in-law of disabled persons in the I or II

group, provided that there are no other persons available to support them;

Female students and academic staff of educational institutions;

Women with close relatives who died or went missing in areas of anti-terrorist operations;

Women already part of military or law enforcement units;

Female volunteers who aided the military or law enforcement in anti-terrorist

operations.

232

1.5 Deferment

Defe e t is a postpo e e t of ilita se i e o a te po a

asis. The legal easo s fo

defe e t of ilita se i e du i g o al o ditio s pea eti e a e defi ed a ti le of the

la O Milita Dut a d Milita Se i e . The easo s a e elated to the pe so s fa il , health,

edu atio al o p ofessio al a ti ities.

233

As e tio ed i

se tio .

o e e ptio s, the la O Mo ilisatio T ai i g a d Mo ilisatio

des i es the e e ptio easo s fo e uit e t fo o ilisatio . As as the ase o e e ptio s,

the la o fi s that the defe e t is ot pe a e t, ut a postpo e e t. Ho e e , as

des i ed i the p e ious hapte o e e ptio , a ti le of the la disti guishes et ee t o

defi itio s of e e ptio s: pe so s ot su je t to o ilisatio e e ptio a d pe so s

te po a il ot su je t to o ilisatio defe e t .

234

See i gl , the e is ot a lea - ut

disti tio i the la et ee e e ptio a d defe e t.

As e a ples of the possi ilit fo defe e t, sou es o sulted highlighted stude ts atte di g

p e-highe a d highe edu atio as ell as e plo ees of NGOs a d i te atio al o ga isatio s.

235

1.5.1 Deferment procedures

A o di g to Legal Hu d ed, the ules e e ge e all espe ted i p a ti e; ho e e , the e ha e

ee e a ples of iolatio s,

236

espe iall i u al te ito ies.

237

If a pe so fo all a ts to appl fo defe e t, he o she should app oa h the TRCs ith the

ele a t do u e ts stati g the easo fo defe e t.

238

International Organisation: 8

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada,

ко к

ько

о о

ок

ько у лу у

[Law of Ukraine on Military

Duty and Military Service],

1992, article 17,

url;

The Kyiv Post,

S eepi g Cha ges P oposed to Uk ai e s D aft La

, 26

December 2023,

url;

Denmark, DIS, Ukraine; Exit rules, exemptions from military service/mobilization during martial

law, documentation, punishment of evaders and deserters from military service, June 2023, p. 18-19,

url

234

Ukraine,

ко к

о о л

у п д ото ку т о л

[Law of Ukraine on Mobilisation Training

and Mobilisation],

1993, Article 23,

url

235

International Organisation working in Ukraine: 2-3; An International Humanitarian Organisation with headquarter in

EU: 8; NACP: 2

236

Legal Hundred: 26

237

Legal Hundred: 27;

238

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 32

233

232

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

Whe the status of defe e t is app o ed, a do u e t stati g the legal ight of defe al of

ilita se i e is issued. If the easo is o k- elated, the do u e t is issued the Mi ist of

E o o i s, hile if the easo is studies, the do u e t is issued the TRCs.

239

Fo all , it ould

e possi le to o plai to a highe o

a de o the ou ts fo the de ial of defe al; ho e e ,

it ould ost likel ot e suffi ie t o esult i a defe al.

240

p stated that, i p a ti e, it is

o side ed o e o less i possi le to e eleased f o se i e, e e o health issues o

disa ilities.

241

As al ead stated i

se tio . . ,

a esolutio as adopted i Ja ua

to la if the

defi itio s fo defe e t fo staff of i te atio al o ga isatio s, NGOs a d diplo ati

ep ese tatio s.

242

1.5.1.1 Procedure for staff from organisations

Resolutio No. la s do the e a t p o edu e o ho ele a t o ga isatio s appl fo

ese atio of staff, as ell as p o idi g the fo at a d te plate fo appl i g.

243

I this p o edu e,

ese atio is e ui ale t to the te

defe e t . See

Glossa

All eligi le o ga isatio s ha e to su it a joi t appli atio fo ese atio of pe so s e plo ed

the o ga isatio ho a e othe ise lia le fo ilita se i e. I te atio al o ga isatio s ha e to

se d a appli atio to the Uk ai ia Mi ist of Fo eig Affai s MFA that fo a ds the

appli atio s to the Mi ist of Defe e MoD a d Mi ist of E o o

MoE . Natio al NGOs a d

othe eligi le o ga isatio s su it thei appli atio s di e tl to the MoD a d MoE.

244

A o di g to

the p o edu e, the MoD has

o ki g da s to p o ess the appli atio , afte hi h the

appli atio is se t to the MoE, hi h has fi e da s to p o ess the appli atio . Ho e e , it took a

I te atio al O ga isatio o ki g i Uk ai e fi e o ths to ha e thei appli atio p o essed.

245

If the Ge e al Staff of the A ed Fo es of Uk ai e app o es the appli atio s, the MoE a p o ide

ea h pe so ith a ge e al ese atio of defe e t fo ilita se i e fo a spe ifi pe iod.

246

The p o edu e e ui es that the i di idual appl i g pe so

ust spe if his ilita o upatio al

spe ialit a d ilita defi it ode. The spe ialit is sho i the ilita egist atio pape s,

Legal Hundred: 25

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 34; Pryncyp: 5

241

Pryncyp: 5

242

Uk ai e, К

ет

т Ук

[Ca i et of Mi iste s of Uk ai e],

о т о , д

.№ , е к

п т

е л

поло е ь ко у к

о о л

у п д ото ку т о л

одо о

ько о о о ʼ

пе од о л

оє

[So e issues of i ple e ti g the p o isio s of

the

Law of Ukraine "On Mobilization Training and Mobilization" regarding the reservation of conscripts for the period of

mobilisation and wartime],

27 January 2023,

url;

An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 25;

International Organisation working in Ukraine: 2, 5; Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 7; An international

organisation: 2

243

International Organisation working in Ukraine: 6

244

International Organisation based in Kyiv: 10; An international organisation: 3¸An international organisation working

in Ukraine: 8

245

International Organisation working in Ukraine: 8

246

International Organisation based in Kyiv: 10

240

239

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

hi h usuall is a ilita ti ket. If the spe ialt is a se t, the pe so

ust app oa h the TRC a d

la if his fu tio s efo e esu itti g a appli atio fo ese atio .

247

1.3.1.2 Challenges

The o te t of Resolutio No. also eates u e ous halle ges fo the NGOs, i pa ti ula ,

si e the ules e a e st i te a d o e o pli ated.

248

A o di g to a Uk ai ia NGO, the ules

stipulated i Resolutio No. a e ot i ple e ted i p a ti e.

249

Fi st, as a e ui e e t to o tai a ese atio , the NGOs ha e to o k ith spe ifi p oje ts

fu ded

e tai i te atio al do o s, a d the u e of NGOs that the MFA has app o ed is

e li ited.

250

Se o d, the esolutio states that the staff eligi le fo ese atio

ust ha e a o t a t fo a

i i u of si o ths. Ho e e , a NGOs issue sho t-te

o t a ts, usuall less tha si

251

o ths, thus thei staff ould ot e app o ed fo ese atio .

Thi d, the appli atio p o ess has tu ed out to e e ti e- o su i g. E e though al ost a

ea has passed si e the i t odu tio of the esolutio , the ese atio status of a NGOs, as

ell as i te atio al o ga isatio s, is pe di g fo a lo g ti e.

252

The a

halle ges aused hesitatio a o g ale staff to app oa h the TRCs to o tai the

e essa do u e ts fo the appli atio . So e fea ed that it ould lead to thei o ilisatio si e

the e ha e ee e a ples of i di iduals ho e ei ed su

o s i this situatio .

253

A o di g to a

su e o du ted a o g NGOs o ki g i Uk ai e, the p o ess fo egiste i g atio al a d

i te atio al NGOs a ies a isk as the o ga isatio s ust su it a list of all thei staff lia le fo

o ilisatio , hi h ould p o pt a i

ediate issua e of o ilisatio oti es.

254

1.6 Conditions for mobilised persons

1.6.1 General conditions in the Armed Forces of Ukraine

The oti atio a o gst the populatio to joi the a

is de easi g,

255

despite polls sho i g the

suppo t fo the A ed Fo es of Uk ai e e ai s high.

256

Uk ai ia

ilita se i e e epo t

e haustio a d ph si al ti ed ess as a o se ue e of a lo g-lasti g dut du i g the o goi g

247

248

International Organisation working in Ukraine: 7; An international organisation: 3- 4

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 7; International humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 10,

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 7

An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 25

251

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 10

252

International Organisation working in Ukraine: 5; Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 7; An international

organisation: 3; An International Organisation with headquarter in EU: 10

253

An international organisation: 3, 4

254

An International Organisation with headquarter in EU: 10

255

WSJ,

A Year Into War, Ukraine Faces Challenges Mobilizing Troops,

23 March,

url;

Reuters,

'At what cost?' Ukraine

strains to bolster its army as war fatigue weighs,

28 November 2023,

url;

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 38

256

Visit Ukraine,

Elections in time of war and trust in Zelenskyy: how many Ukrainians support the President of Ukraine

now?,

15 October 2023,

url

250

249

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

a .

257

Mo eo e , st ess, a iet , fea a d guilt a e p e ale t a o gst the se i e e ; a seek

ps hologi al aid a d fu the t eat e t at eha ilitatio e t es.

258

A o di g to Reute s, the TRCs

ha e ee fo ed to all up olde pe so s, aki g the a e age age of a se i e a i Uk ai e

a ou d

ea s,

259

hile the a e age age at the f o tli e is .

260

1.6.2 Duration of military service and demobilisation

Cu e tl , the legislatio does ot p es i e a pe iod afte hi h se i e e a e elie ed f o

se i e du i g a tial la .

261

A o di g to the la O Milita Dut a d Milita Se i e , du i g

a tial la , the te s of se i e a e dete i ed de isio of the P eside t of Uk ai e, hi h is

eithe at the e d of a tial la o at the a ou e e t of a de o ilisatio .

262

Withi the

edito ial pe iod, fu the i fo atio o a a ou e e t of the P eside t o the pe iod of

se i e ould ot e fou d.

Pu sua t to the De ee of the P eside t of Uk ai e o egulatio s of ilita se i e, the te s of

se i e fo pe so s u de o t a t i the e e t of a tial la a e o luded he de o ilisatio

is a ou ed.

263

Sou es st essed that the e is o offi ial i fo atio o the le gth of se i e

du i g the full-s ale i asio .

264

I O to e , No e e a d De e e

, the e e e de o st atio s i K i a d othe egio s

o e , i ludi g othe s hose so s ha e ee se i g fo o e tha . ea s u de the

Russia full-s ale i asio a d i es of o ata ts, de a di g de o ilisatio a d lea e of

BBC,

Ukraine war: The men who don't want to fight,

22 August,

url;

The Guardian,

Yes, tiredness is ravaging the

Ukrainian soldiers I meet. But they never think of giving up,

15 December 2023,

url;

Reuters,

Ukraine's citizen army

struggles with a hidden enemy: combat stress,

20 December 2023,

url;

The Washington Post,

A gloomy mood hangs over

Uk ai e s soldie s as a ith Russia g i ds o

, 18 December 2023,

url;

Legal Hundred: 30; Ukrainian Non-

Governmental Organisation: 49

258

Reuters,

Ukraine's citizen army struggles with a hidden enemy: combat stress,

20 December 2023,

url

259

The Time,

No od Belie es i Ou Vi to

Like I Do. I side Volod

Zele sk s St uggle to Keep Uk ai e i the

Fight,

1 November 2023,

url

260

Reuters,

'At what cost?' Ukraine strains to bolster its army as war fatigue weighs,

28 November 2023,

url

261

Legal Hundred: 28; Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 46; An International Humanitarian Organisation with

headquarter in EU: 21

262

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada, 28 June 1996,

url;

Ukraine,

ко к

ько

о о ' ок

ько у лу у

[Law of Ukraine on Military Duty and Military Service],

1992, article 23, Paragraph 3,

url;

263

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada, Decree of the President of Ukraine,

о оло е

п о п о од е

о д

ько о лу

[O the Regulatio s o Milita Se i e i the A ed Fo es of

Ukraine by citizens of Ukraine],

December 10, 2008 No. 1153/2008, Paragraph 9 of Clause 18,

url

264

Legal Hundred: 28; An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 21; Ukrainian Non-

Governmental Organisation: 46;

257

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

a se e afte

et ee

a d

o ths of dut .

265

Mo eo e , the e a e epo ts of se i e e ha i g se ed fo

o ths du i g the i asio .

266

Se i e

e tio s fou easo s

I o de to e de o ilised, the la O Milita Dut a d Milita

fo dis issal f o

ilita se i e du i g a tial la :

267



Reaching the maximum age for military service;

Due to the state of health based on the conclusion from the Military Medical Commission

(MMC) on unfitness for military service with exclusion from military registration or

unfitness for military service with a review after 6-12 months;

As a result of a guilty verdict of a court, imposing punishment in the form of deprivation of

liberty, restriction of liberty or deprivation of a military rank;

Due to family circumstances or other valid reasons. See

section 1.4

on exemption.

The sou es diffe ed i thei ie s ega di g the possi ilit fo de o ilisatio . I p a ti e, it is

diffi ult to get de o ilised a d the e is o p o edu e fo dis ha gi g those ho ha e se ed si e

the sta t of the i asio .

268

p oted that it is i possi le to e de o ilised a d that the

topi of de o ilisatio is e se siti e i Uk ai e.

269

Diffe i g f o this, a othe Uk ai ia NGO

stated that de o ilisatio a o l take pla e ha di g i a dis issal e uest fulfilli g the

offi ial e ui e e ts fo dis issal.

270

A hu a ita ia o ga isatio stated that o l ou ded

soldie s te d to e de o ilised, a d that o o e esides those ha e ee de o ilised. Still, the e

a e e a ples of ou ded pe so s ho e e dis ha ged f o the hospital a d ei stated

ediatel at the f o t. The hu a ita ia NGO fu the stated that a u offi ial o de f o the

Milita Co

a ds spe ified that o od a e de o ilised.

271

If a i di idual i gs a ase to

the ou t ith a e uest to e de o ilised, e ause of health issues o disa ilities, the ou t

de isio is ot e essa il suffi ie t to e de o ilised.

272

Fo o e i fo atio o e e ptio

ules a d p o edu es, see

se tio . .

Suspilne.media,

ько

е опол

ть о л ду ко оп оєкту п о де о л

[Wives

of soldiers from Ternopil demand consideration of the bill on demobilization),

27 October 2023 (unofficial

translation),

url;

Suspilne. Media,

It s ti e fo othe s. I D ip o, i es of soldie s de a ded spe ifi te s of

mobilization and rotations for soldiers,

12 November 2023,

url;

Espreso.TV,

In the cities of Ukraine, the wives of soldiers

who have been fighting for more than 1.5 years held pickets demanding demobilization,

27 October 2023,

url;

The Kyiv

Independent,

It s thei tu

o : Uk ai ia s all o go e

e t to de o ilize e hausted soldie s fighti g fo ea l

two years,

15 January 2024,

url;

Investigative Journalist: 16

266

The Guardian,

Yes, tiredness is ravaging the Ukrainian soldiers I meet. But they never think of giving up,

15 December

2023,

url

267

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada, official translation, 28 June 1996,

url;

Ukraine,

ко к

ько

о о ' ок

ько у лу у [La of Uk ai e o Milita Dut a d Milita Se i e],

1992, article 26.2,

url

268

An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 21; Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation:

46; Pryncyp: 5; The Guardian,

Yes, tiredness is ravaging the Ukrainian soldiers I meet. But they never think of giving up,

15 December 2023,

url

269

Pryncyp: 5

270

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 46

271

An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 21

272

Pryncyp: 5

265

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

I the autu

, a petitio sig ed

pe so s as se t to the P eside t, de a di g

a lea ti eli e fo he se i e e a e dis ha ged.

273

Repo tedl , i Septe e

, the

Mi ist of Defe e ega o ki g o a o ilisatio st ateg , hi h i luded fi ite pe iods of

o ilisatio a d ette s ste s fo otatio s.

274

P ese tl , othi g has ee adopted a d

a o di g to e s a ti les, ilita se i e e a d olu tee s a e o liged to se e u til the e d of

the i asio .

275

1.6.3 Leave of absence

A o di g to the legislati e f a e o k, ilita pe so el a e allo ed a a ual lea e of da s,

as ell as lea e fo fa il easo s fo a du atio of da s

276

ith o o e tha

da s at a ti e

du i g a tial la .

277

Othe t pes of lea e du i g a tial la a e te i ated, e ept fo lea e to

fe ale ilita pe so el ho a e allo ed to take lea e i o e tio ith p eg a , hild i th

a d a etaki g of a hild u til the hild ea hes the age of th ee. Mo eo e , lea e a e g a ted i

o e tio ith ill ess o t eat e t afte a i ju .

278

I p a ti e, it is diffi ult to e g a ted lea e f o

ilita se i e despite fulfilli g the offi ial

e ui e e ts a d lea e of a se e is epo ted to e g a ted a it a il .

279

E haustio is ot a

easo fo ei g g a ted lea e of a se e. I stead, otatio s i attalio s a e used to

a o

odate e haustio .

280

Despite this, the e a e edia epo ts o issues ith otatio a d

holida s

281

a d se i e e ot ei g otated ofte e ough.

282

Milita se i e e se e fo a

o ths ithout a eak, e e though the a e e hausted. If lea e of a se e is g a ted, the eak

is sho t; usuall th ee da s.

283

I ases of ill ess i the fa il , it is halle gi g to e elie ed f o

se i e fo a fe da s.

284

Reuters,

'At what cost?' Ukraine strains to bolster its army as war fatigue weighs,

28 November 2023,

url

The Economist,

Uk ai e s a

is st uggli g to fi d good e uits,

17 December 2023,

url

275

BBC,

Ukraine war: Male citizens living abroad to be asked to join army,

21 December 2023,

url;

The Guardian,

Yes,

tiredness is ravaging the Ukrainian soldiers I meet. But they never think of giving up,

15 December 2023,

url

276

Visit Ukraine,

Military leave: can a serviceman go abroad?,

5 July 2023,

url;

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada,

ко к

о о ль

ько о лу о

т ле

е [The La Of Uk ai e o so ial a d legal

protection of military personnel and their family members],

1992,

url,

Article 10, paragraphs 17- 19; Investigative

Journalist: 17

277

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada,

ко к

, о о ль

ько о лу о

т ле

е [The La Of Uk ai e o so ial a d legal p ote tio of ilita pe so el a d thei fa il e e s],

1992,

url,

Article 10, paragraphs 17- 19; Investigative Journalist: 17

278

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada,

ко к

, о о ль

ько о лу о

т ле

е [The La Of Uk ai e o so ial a d legal p ote tio of ilita pe so el a d thei fa il e e s],

1992,

url,

Article 10, paragraphs 17- 19; Investigative Journalist: 17; Legal Hundred: 30

279

An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 22; Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation:

47; Investigative journalist: 18

280

Legal Hundred: 30; Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 48

281

BBC,

Ukraine war: Male citizens living abroad to be asked to join army,

21 December 2023,

url;

BBC,

Ukraine: The

soldie s ho a t lea e the f o t li e u til the a is o e

, 26 September 2023,

url

282

Reuters,

Ukraine's citizen army struggles with a hidden enemy: combat stress,

20 December 2023,

url

283

An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 22; Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation:

284

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 47

274

273

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

Milita o

a de s

i to o side atio the

a se e g a ted to se

situatio at the f o t li

lea e of a se e is g a

ake de isio s o g a ti g lea e ased o the easo fo appl i g, taki g

u e of pe so s se i g i the espe ti e attalio s.

285

The lea e of

i e e depe ds o the elatio ship ith the o

a de a d the

286

a d, a o di g to a hu a ita ia NGO, it is o

o l k o that

ted at the ost of a i e.

287

1.6.4 Military service at the frontline and in areas of active hostilities

I ge e al, the e is li ited i fo atio o the u e of pe so s o ilised to se e at the f o t.

I his e d-of- ea e s o fe e e, P eside t Zele sk suggested that the e a e u e tl

Uk ai ia t oops at the f o t.

288

Legal Hu d ed oted that ilita o

a de s de ide he e o ilised people should se e. The

de isio to fill positio s at the f o t depe ds o hi h se i es a e eeded, su h as g ou d

soldie s, a tille ists et . People a e o ilised a o di g to thei e pe tise a d spe ialisatio a d

ot to the f o t pe se.

289

The e is o appeal optio o the pla e e t of se i e. Refusi g to follo the o de of pla e e t

is o side ed a offe se a d is su je t to t ial.

290

While o s ie tious o je tio a d alte ati e se i e a e ot a optio du i g a tial la see

hapte

, the e is a possi ilit of ei g appoi ted to positio s i the ilita that do ot i ol e

eapo ha dli g.

291

So e se i e e , ho a e agai st eapo ha dli g, a e positio ed a a

f o o at zo es, taki g up positio s i kit he se i e, t a spo tatio et .

292

Mo eo e , the e a e otatio s i attalio s se i g at the f o t.

293

Fo i sta e, if a se i e a has

se ed at the f o tli e, the se i e a ill e se t to a othe pla e of fie e o at afte a

eak

294

o e ese ed fo se i g at the f o tli e agai at a late stage.

295

A o di g to the

Gua dia , the e a e epo ts of i di iduals ha i g se ed at the f o tli e fo o e

o ths.

296

1.6.5 Training conditions

Milita t ai i g is a dato fo o ilised pe so s, ut the le gth a d atu e of the t ai i g

depe d o p e ious ilita e pe ie e, although the t ai i g is ge e all sho te du i g a tial

la o pa ed to t ai i g i pea eti e. Se i e e , ho ha e ot p e iousl o pleted ilita

Legal hundred: 30

Investigative journalist: 18

287

An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 22

288

BBC,

Ukraine war: Male citizens living abroad to be asked to join army,

21 December 2023,

url

289

Legal Hundred: 29

290

Legal Hundred: 29

291

Investigative journalist: 13; Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 55; UHHRU: 11

292

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 55; Investigative journalist: 13

293

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 48; Legal Hundred: 29-30

294

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 48

295

Legal Hundred: 29

296

The Guardian,

Yes, tiredness is ravaging the Ukrainian soldiers I meet. But they never think of giving up,

15 December

2023,

url

286

285

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

se i e, ust o plete a ou se of asi ilita t ai i g lasti g at least o e o th.

297

The e a e

e a ples of ilita se i e e ho ha e ee se t to the f o tli e ith o l o e o th of

t ai i g.

298

Legal Hu d ed oted that people a e usuall t ai ed fo t o-th ee

epo ts of o plai ts o e i suffi ie t ilita t ai i g.

300

o ths.

299

The e a e

I te ie ed fo a a ti le the Washi gto Post, a Uk ai ia attalio

ho ill-t ai ed t oops a e eake i g the positio of Uk ai e.

301

a de des i ed

A Uk ai ia NGO oted that sele ted se i e e a e se t a oad to e.g. U ited Ki gdo o the

Nethe la ds fo o e spe ifi t ai i g hi h a last fi e to

o ths.

302

Repo tedl , o e

Uk ai ia se i e e ha e u de go e t ai i g i

o e tha

pa t e ou t ies i less

303

tha t o ea s.

1.6.6 Conditions during quartering and equipment

The e is a detailed o de

the Mi iste of Defe e o the app o al of the p o edu e fo

e uippi g the A ed Fo es of Uk ai e ith ta le a e, e uip e t a d i e to fo a ti e.

304

I o t ast, a hu a ita ia NGO stated that the e a e o i i u sta da ds fo o ditio s du i g

se i e.

305

Legal Hu d ed efe ed to so e i di iduals o plai i g a d alli g o ditio s ho i le

hile othe pe so s fou d the o ditio s to e as e pe ted.

306

A i estigati e jou alist a d Legal Hu d ed oted that du i g o ilisatio t ai i g efo e ei g

statio ed, se i e e a e ua te ed i

ilita

ases ith asi li i g o ditio s.

307

Qua te i g

o ditio s depe d o the a ea he e se i e e a e statio ed; i so e lo atio s, people a e

ua te ed i old apa t e t uildi gs, he eas i othe lo atio s ua te i g is i t e hes a d

fo ests. A o di g to Legal Hu d ed, this is also a atte of safet .

308

Legal Hundred: 31; BBC,

Ukraine war: The men who don't want to fight,

22 August,

url

BBC,

Ukraine war: The men who don't want to fight,

22 August,

url

299

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 45

300

Legal hundred: 31; The Washington Post,

Ukraine short of skilled troops and munitions as losses, pessimism grow,

March 2023,

url;

BBC,

Ukraine war: The men who don't want to fight,

22 August,

url

301

The Washington Post,

Ukraine short of skilled troops and munitions as losses, pessimism grow,

13 March 2023,

url;

BBC,

Ukraine war: The men who don't want to fight,

22 August,

url

302

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 45

303

The Kyiv Independent,

General Staff: Over 100,000 Ukrainian soldiers trained in partner countries,

22 November

2023,

url

304

Investigative journalist: 19; Ukraine, Ministry of Defence,

No. 718,

те т о О о о Ук

О о о

[O de a out the di i g a d kit he e uip e t dishes, e uip e t a d i e to

of the Armed Forces

of Ukraine for wartime],

30 October 2012,

https://www.mil.gov.ua/content/other/MOU718_2012.pdf

[copy link into

browser]

305

An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 23

306

Legal Hundred: 32

307

Investigative journalist: 19; Legal Hundred: 32

308

Legal Hundred: 32

298

297

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

ilita se i e e do ot ha e the e uip e t eeded;

309

eapo s, a

u itio a d

u ifo s a e i suffi ie t.

310

At the egi i g of the full-s ale i asio , se i e e e e p o ided

ith u ifo s a d e uip e t,

311

ut i No e e

sou es stated that su h ite s ust ofte

e a ui ed at thei o e pe se ith the suppo t of do atio s.

312

Repo tedl , the e a e a

a ou e e ts o so ial edia to olle t o e fo ilita e uip e t.

313

Legal Hu d ed has ofte e ei ed o plai ts f o se i e e , ho ha e ee ph si all a used

thei o

a de s du i g se i e, although the p o le is ot s ste ati . The a use ostl

happe s to a ds pe so s, ho a e ge e all stig atised i so iet , e.g. people f o the LGBT

u it a d othe atio alities, e.g. Ro as. Ho e e , the sou e is ot of the opi io that

the e is s ste ati dis i i atio agai st i o ities i the ilita . To the sou e s k o ledge,

the e is o dis i i atio i the ilita agai st people, ho a e pe ei ed as p o-Russia e ause

of thei pla e of o igi o dual itize ship, although it e ists et ee i ilia s.

314

Fo i fo atio

o ge e al t eat e t of p o-Russia Uk ai ia s, see

se tio .

It is possi le to ha d i a o plai t of a use to a highe o

a de o the ilita poli e, ut i

ost ases, a i estigatio is ot i itiated due to a la k of illi g ess f o the o

a de s.

315

Fu the o e, Legal Hu d ed oted that the i fo atio i the o plai t ould e sha ed ith

the o

a de i uestio

the highe o

a de , aki g hi a a e that so eo e f o his

attalio has i itiated a o plai t ase agai st hi .

316

Conscientious objection and alternative service

Du i g a tial la , the e is o legal asis fo e e ptio f o

o ilisatio ased o o s ie tious

o je tio . Co s ie tious o je tio is ot e tio ed as a optio u de the p o isio o

e e ptio fo o ilisatio .

317

The legal ight to opt fo o s ie tious o je tio applies o l i

pea eti e a d o l fo sele ted eligious easo s.

318

The eligious o

u ities that a e g a ted

the ight to o s ie tious o je tio a e li ited to e e s of a fe eligious o

u ities,

i ludi g the Ad e tists, Baptists, Jeho ah s Wit esses, the Pe te ostal Mo e e t, a d

An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 24; Legal Hundred: 32

Legal Hundred: 32

311

An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 24

312

An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 24; Legal Hundred: 32

313

An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 24

314

Legal Hundred: 33

315

Legal Hundred: 34

316

Legal Hundred: 34

317

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada,

ко к

о о л

у п д ото ку т о л

[Law of Ukraine on

Mobilisation Training and Mobilisation],

1993,

url,

Article 23; UHHRU: 2; Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada,

Constitution of

Ukraine,

1996, No. 30, Article 141,

url,

Article 64; International organisation in Kyiv: 3

318

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada,

Constitution of Ukraine,

1996, No. 30, Article 141,

url,

Article 35, Section 4; Roskoshnyi,

Illia,

The Right to Conscientious Objection Under Martial Law in Ukraine,

8 August 2023,

url,

p. 1

310

309

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

I te atio al So iet fo K ish a Co s ious ess et . see the full list of eligious o ga isatio s

hose eliefs do ot allo the use of eapo s ia the li k i foot ote .

319

The e is a spe ial la egulati g alte ati e o - ilita se i e, ut the la o l applies i pea e

ti e.

320

Pu sua t to the spe ial la o alte ati e se i e, the ight to alte ati e se i e a e

set i sepa ate est i tio s to the ge e al lia ilit fo o ilisatio i the legislati e f a e o k

go e i g o ilisatio du i g a tial la .

321

Ho e e , o est i tio s has ee set.

322

I p a ti e,

du i g a tial la , the ight to o s ie tious o je tio a d alte ati e se i e is ot e og ised;

323

efusi g to se e efe e i g o s ie tious o je tio s is pu ished pu sua t to the i i al ode,

as the pe so ould e o side ed a d aft e ade .

324

O l a fe ases of o s ie tious o je to s p ese t the sel es i pu li , as the ould isk o e

a tio f o the state, su h as pla e e t i p e-t ial dete tio fo se e al o ths a d up to o e

ea i stead of sta i g i ho e a est.

325

O l i a fe ases has i fo atio o ou t ases

agai st a ed o s ie tious o je to s appea ed i pu li sou es. At the ti e of iti g this

epo t, app o i atel

a es of pe so s o i ted as o s ie tious o je to s e e ide tified.

326

The NGO Fo u

listed se e a ed ases of o s ie tious o je to s ho e e all o i ted

u de the C i i al Code A ti le

fo efusi g all-up fo ilita se i e du i g o ilisatio

The sa e a ti le is used fo p ose utio fo d aft e asio – see

hapte

327

The i i u a d a i u pe alt fo iolati g A ti le

is i p iso

fi e ea s.

328

I p a ti e, i

diffe e t ases of p ose utio , the se te

o je to s i Uk ai ia ou ts a ged f o o e to fi e ea s of i p iso

ha e e ei ed suspe ded se te es.

330

I so e of the e di ts, the defe

319

e t fo a te of t o to

es gi e to o s ie tious

e t.

329

So e o je to s

da t stated that the

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada,

о т е д е

о-п

кт

одо

то у

ко у к

о льте

(

ько у) лу у",

[On

Approval of Normative Legal Acts on the Application of the Law of

Ukraine "On Alternative (Non-Military) Service"],

10 November, 1999,

url;

OHCHR,

OHCHR call for inputs on the topic of

conscientious objection,

21 March 2022,

url,

p. 2; International organisation: 4

320

321

International organisation based in Kyiv: 3

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada,

о т е д е

о-п

кт

одо

то у

ко у к

о льте

(

ько у) лу у",

[On

Approval of Normative Legal Acts on the Application of the Law of

Ukraine "On Alternative (Non-Military) Service"],

10 November, 1999,

url,

Article 1

322

International organisation based in Kyiv: 3

323

Roskoshnyi, Illia,

The Right to Conscientious Objection Under Martial Law in Ukraine,

8 August 2023,

url,

p.2;

International organisation based in Kyiv: 3-4; Ukrainian Non-governmental Organisation: 53; Pryncyp: 8; UHHRU: 2;

Investigative Journalist: 11; NYT,

Belief o Bet a al? Uk ai e s Co s ie tious O je to s Fa e Hostilit

, 18 August 2023,

url

324

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 54; Investigative Journalist: 11

325

UHHRU: 7

326

Roskoshnyi, Illia,

The Right to Conscientious Objection Under Martial Law in Ukraine,

8 August 2023,

url,

pp.2-4;

Forum 18: UKRAINE: Conscientious objector now jailed, 27 February 2023,

url;

European Bureau for Conscientious

Objection,

Conscientious Objection to Military Service in Europe,

12 May 2023,

url,

pp. 87-88; UHHRU: 4

327

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada,

The Criminal Code,

Article 336,

url;

Forum 18: UKRAINE: Conscientious objector now jailed,

27 February 2023,

url;

Ukrainian Non-governmental Organisation: 54; Investigative Journalist: 11;

328

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada,

The Criminal Code,

Article 336,

url

329

Roskoshnyi, Illia,

The Right to Conscientious Objection Under Martial Law in Ukraine,

8 August 2023,

url,

p.2; Forum

18: UKRAINE: Conscientious objector now jailed, 27 February 2023,

url;

NYT,

Belief o Bet a al? Uk ai e s Co s ie tious

Objectors Face Hostility,

18 August 2023,

url

330

NYT,

Belief or Betrayal? Ukrai

e s Co s ie tious O je to s Fa e Hostilit

, 18 August 2023,

url

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

ased thei o je tio to ilita se i e o thei Ch istia faith, hile i othe e di ts the

defe da t ased the o je tio o efusi g to kill people.

331

Fo legal gua a tees, please efe to

se tio . . .

With ega d to the s ope of i di iduals ho filed fo lassifi atio as a o s ie tious o je to ,

atte tio should e paid to a lette f o the Mi ist of Defe e dated August

to the

e uit e t offi es, stati g that si e egula ilita se i e i Uk ai e is suspe ded, alte ati e

se i e is ot appli a le.

332

I a a ual su e

the Uk ai ia Pa ifist Mo e e t, u e s of o s ie tious o je to s

o du ti g alte ati e se i e dist i uted o the diffe e t Uk ai ia o lasts a e listed. A o di g

to the su e , the e has ee a de ease i the u e s:

o s ie tious o je to s o du ted

alte ati e se i e i Uk ai e i

, o pa ed to ,

333

e e figu es ould ot

e fou d ithi the deadli e of this epo t.

The overall public atmosphere towards conscientious objectors should be seen in the light of

overwhelming public support for the armed forces. According to a survey, a total of 93.1 percent

of the participants responded that they either rather trust or fully trust the armed forces.

334

For

further information on societal attitudes towards draft evaders and deserters, refer to

section 3.3.

3. Draft evasion and desertion

3.1 Legislation on punishment for draft evasion and desertion

E asio f o

ilita se i e a e o side ed eithe a ad i ist ati e a d i i al offe e. The

le el of pu ish e t fo e adi g ilita se i e depe ds o at hi h stage a pe so fails to fulfil

his o he duties as des i ed elo .

335

The failu e of a i di idual lia le fo ilita se i e to epo t to the ele a t TRC ithout a alid

easo , he the pe so has e ei ed a su

o s, is o side ed a ad i ist ati e offe e a d

Forum 18: UKRAINE: Conscientious objector now jailed, 27 February 2023,

url;

European Bureau for Conscientious

Objection,

Conscientious Objection to Military Service in Europe,

12 May 2023,

url,

p.87-88; NYT,

Belief or Betrayal?

Uk ai e s Co s ie tious O je to s Fa e Hostilit

, 18 August 2023,

url

332

International Support of Conscientious Objectors and Deserters,

Ukraine suspended right to conscientious objection

to military service,

5 September 2022,

url

[scanned copy of letter and translation into English,

url]

333

European Bureau for Conscientious Objection,

Annual Report Conscientious Objection to Military Service in Europe

2022/23,

url,

p. 85 - (the survey lacked updated information from Volyn, Mykolaiv, Poltava, Rivne, Kherson and Cherkasy

Oblasts)

334

Razumkov,

Citizens' assessment of the situation in the country. Trust in social institutions, politicians, officials and

public figures. Attitudes towards holding national elections in Ukraine until the end of the war,

11 October 2023,

url;

Visit Ukraine,

Elections in time of war and trust in Zelenskyy: how many Ukrainians support the President of Ukraine

now?,

15 October 2023,

url;

International organization: 6; NYT,

Belief o Bet a al? Uk ai e s Co s ie tious O je to s

Face Hostility,

18 August 2023,

url

335

Denmark, DIS,

Ukraine Exit rules, exemptions from military service/mobilisation during martial law, documentation,

punishment of evaders and deserters from military service,

June 2023,

url,

p. 56

331

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

e tails a fi e of

EUR .

337

o -ta a le

i i u

i o es,

336

o p isi g ,

ias

The pu ish e t fo e asio of ilita se i e as a i i al offe e is egulated i a ti le

the C i i al Code of Uk ai e.

338

If the pe so e ades ilita se i e afte ha i g e ei ed a

o ilisatio o de a d u de go e a edi al e a i atio , the a t is pu isha le i p iso e t

fo a te of th ee to fi e ea s.

339

Dese tio is su je t to i p iso e t fo a te of fi e to

i a ti le

of the C i i al Code of Uk ai e.

340

ea s du i g

a tial la as egulated

A e d e ts to the C i i al Code of Uk ai e a d the Code of Uk ai e o Ad i ist ati e Offe ses

a e i to effe t o

Ja ua

, i t odu i g ha she pu ish e t fo dese te s a d e ade s.

341

The la p e ludes ou ts f o eleasi g the defe da t p ose uted fo dese tio f o ustod u til

the se te e has ee se ed.

342

p oted that the a e d e ts ha e esta lished a s ste of st i t pu ish e t; i o de to

espo d to hat legislato s a d ilita ep ese tati es o side ed to e too le ie t se te es,

the legislato s ha e li ited the judges dis etio to take itigatio i u sta es i to

o side atio i ases of ilita

i es.

343

Fo i sta e, pe so s o i ted of dese tio u de

a ti le

of the C i i al Code of Uk ai e a ot ha e thei se te e suspe ded o e ei e a

o e le ie t se te e due to i di idual itigati g i u sta es.

344

Mo eo e , pe so s o i ted

of i i al offe es du i g a tial la a ot e eleased o p o atio .

345

p fu the oted

that the e is a la k of legal gua a tees i the a e d e ts as itigati g a d i di idual

Denmark, DIS,

Ukraine Exit rules, exemptions from military service/mobilisation during martial law, documentation,

punishment of evaders and deserters from military service,

June 2023,

url,

p. ; Ve kho a Rada, Кодек Ук

п о

т т

п опо у е

[Code of Uk ai e o Ad i ist ati e Offe ses], Do u e t

, Editio dated

14.10.2023,

url,

Article 210

337

Investigative journalist: 20; Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 30

338

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada,

The Criminal Code,

Article 336,

url

339

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada,

The Criminal Code,

Article 408,

url;

Denmark, DIS,

Ukraine Exit rules, exemptions from

military service/mobilisation during martial law, documentation, punishment of evaders and deserters from military

service,

June 2023,

url,

p. 57; Legal Hundred: 4; Investigative Journalist: 5, 22; Ukrainian Non-Governmental

Organisation: 30; NACP: 19

340

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada,

The Criminal Code,

Article 408,

url;

Denmark, DIS,

Ukraine Exit rules, exemptions from

military service/mobilisation during martial law, documentation, punishment of evaders and deserters from military

service,

June 2023,

url,

p. 57; Investigative Journalist: 21

341

Denmark, DIS,

Ukraine Exit rules, exemptions from military service/mobilisation during martial law, documentation,

punishment of evaders and deserters from military service,

June 2023,

url,

p. 59; Pryncyp: 9; Legal Hundred: 35

342

Denmark, DIS,

Ukraine Exit rules, exemptions from military service/mobilisation during martial law, documentation,

punishment of evaders and deserters from military service,

June 2023,

url,

p. 59

343

Pryncyp: 9-10

344

Denmark, DIS,

Ukraine Exit rules, exemptions from military service/mobilisation during martial law, documentation,

punishment of evaders and deserters from military service,

June 2023,

url,

p. 59; Ukrainian Non-Governmental

Organisation: 56; Pryncyp: 9

345

Denmark, DIS,

Ukraine Exit rules, exemptions from military service/mobilisation during martial law, documentation,

punishment of evaders and deserters from military service,

June 2023,

url,

p. 59

336

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

i u sta es a e ot take i to o side atio . As a o se ue e, the a e d e ts do ot

the sta da ds of fai t ial.

346

o e detailed i fo

347

atio o the a e d e ts, please efe to the epo t of DIS f o

eet

Ju e

Dis ha ge f o

i i al lia ilit a d pu ish e t due to the e pi atio of the statute of li itatio s

is set to t o ea s fo a i o offe e, fi e ea s fo a ediu g a e offe e, se e ea s fo a

g a e offe e a d te ea s fo a spe ial g a e offe e.

348

The statute of li itatio s fo the offe e

of e asio is set to fi e ea s.

349

3.2 Enforcement of legislation regarding draft evasion and desertion

A o di g to a Uk ai ia NGO, the a e d e ts ha e ee e fo ed i p a ti e a d ha e led to

ha she pu ish e ts, i ludi g the e o al of suspe ded se te es.

350

p stated that as

i i al ases a e usuall i p o ess fo t o to th ee ea s, a legal p a ti e has ot et ee

esta lished a d he e, it is diffi ult to e aluate the a e d e ts effe t i p a ti e. Befo e the

adoptio of the a e d e ts o

Ja ua

, d aft e ade s a d dese te s e e gi e

suspe ded se te es, ho e e , Legal Hu d ed had hea d of e a ples of suspe ded se te es

also afte the la a e i to effe t.

351

All ou t de isio s a e pu lished, ut the e is o olle tio of statisti s pu li l a aila le i these

ases.

352

Eu o e s epo ted that e ade s a d dese te s isk ea s i p iso afte the a e d e ts

e e passed i Ja ua

353

a d d aft e ade s a d dese te s o fa e up to fi e a d

ea s

i p iso , espe ti el .

354

It is ot possi le to e ei e a p e ise u e of suspe ted d aft e ade s

a d dese te s f o offi ials.

355

p stated that ou t ases o d aft e asio a d dese tio a e u e tl li ited, ut dese tio

ases a e o e p e ale t tha d aft e asio ases.

356

Fo i fo

346

347

atio o legal gua a tees, efe to

se tio

. . .

Pryncyp: 9

Denmark, DIS,

Ukraine Exit rules, exemptions from military service/mobilisation during martial law, documentation,

punishment of evaders and deserters from military service,

June 2023,

url,

p. 58

348

Ukraine,

The Criminal Code, Article 106. Discharge from criminal liability and punishment due to the expiration of

statute of limitations,

revision on 1 January 2024,

url

349

NACP: 19; Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada, The Criminal Code of Ukraine, Document 2341-III, Revision on January 1, 2024,

url,

Article 106

350

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 56

351

Legal Hundred: 35

352

Legal Hundred: 36

353

Euronews,

I as af aid of it': the Uk ai ia s dodgi g o s iptio a d fleei g the ou t

, 1 September 2023,

url

354

The Kyiv Post,

If You Li e He e, Defe d You Cou t

–

Draft-Dodgers Spark Anger on Streets of Kyiv,

10 September

2023,

url;

France 24,

Do 't elo g the e': the Uk ai ia s dodgi g the f o t,

31 August 2023,

url

355

France 24,

Do 't elo g the e': the Uk ai ia s dodgi g the f o t,

31 August 2023,

url

356

Pryncyp: 11

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

3.3 Societal negative attitudes and reprisals against draft evaders and

deserters

Sou es diffe ed i thei ie ega di g the p e ale e of so ietal egati e attitudes a d ep isals

agai st e ade s a d dese te s.

A Uk ai ia NGO opi ed that ea tio s f o o

u it e e s to a ds e ade s a d dese te s

a e li ited, although the e is ot a ge e al a epta e of e ade s. The o

u it e e s

ould u de sta d the efusal to se e i the a ed fo es,

357

hile Legal Hu d ed had ot hea d

a out egati e so ietal ep isals a d attitudes f o o

u it e e s. I the egi i g of the

full-s ale i asio , a

e lia le fo ilita se i e e e i p iso ed fo efusi g to joi the

ut e e eleased a d joi ed the a , afte hi h the e e still espe ted i the

u it . The o

u it ould usuall ot ha e i fo atio o people, ho ha e dese ted

358

ilita se i e.

Diffe i g f o this, th ee othe sou es assessed that d aft e ade s a e et ith egati e

ea tio s f o so iet .

359

A i estigati e jou alist stated that e ade s a e e all i sulted a d

o side ed o a ds so iet ,

360

hile a hu a ita ia NGO assessed that egati e attitudes a e

p e ale t a o g oth o di a itize s a d lo al offi ials, a d that jou alists a d logge s te d to

iti ise ilita d aft e ade s f o ti e to ti e i the edia. I este Uk ai e, the e is a highe

deg ee of egati e o

e ts a d attitudes f o lo als to a ds d aft e ade s a d dese te s.

361

A o di g to P

p, Uk ai ia so iet ge e all o side s e asio f o

o ilisatio to e u fai ,

ut e ade s do ot speak out i pu li a out thei e asio due to fea of egati e so ietal

ea tio s agai st the sel es a d thei fa il e e s.

362

p opi ed that so eo e, ho

o ed a oad to a oid o ilisatio , ould e et ith egati e ea tio s f o the so iet upo

etu .

363

It as epo ted i the edia that the pi tu e of the so ietal attitudes to a ds d aft e ade s a d

dese te s is a iguous, although the e a e e a ples of a ge a d ese t e t o so ial edia

to a ds pe so s a oidi g o ilisatio .

364

I ge e al, the e as e li ited i fo atio a o g the i te ie ed sou es o the possi le

so ietal egati e o se ue es agai st elati es of ilita e ade s a d dese te s.

357

358

Ukrainian non-governmental organisation: 58

Legal Hundred: 37

359

Investigative Journalist: 15; An International Humanitarian Organisation with headquarter in EU: 32; Pryncyp: 13

360

Investigative Journalist: 15

361

An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 32

362

Pryncyp: 13

363

Pryncyp: 13

364

NYT,

Uk ai e s D aft Dodge s Fa e Guilt, Sha e a d Rep oa h,

11 April 2022,

Uk ai e s D aft Dodge s Fa e Guilt,

Shame and Reproach - The New York Times (nytimes.com)[copy

link into browser]

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

3.4 Legal consequences for draft evaders and deserters returning

from abroad

Uk ai ia s esidi g a oad a e su je t to o ilisatio if the ha e ee su

o ed to se e see

se tio . .

Sou es diffe ed i thei ie o hethe Uk ai ia s esidi g a oad ould e

pu ished fo d aft e asio upo etu .

A hu a ita ia NGO had ot hea d of d aft e ade s etu i g f o a oad ei g et ith

o se ue es upo etu , as the ha e ot ee p ope l su

o ed fo o ilisatio

sig i g

a oti e e.g. th ough a e ass ,

365

ho e e , the e ould e isks he the etu to Uk ai e,

eithe du i g o afte a tial la .

366

Rega di g pu ish e t of dese te s etu i g f o a oad, the

sou e assessed that the ill e p ese ted ith i i al lia ilit upo thei etu .

367

A o di g to UHHRU, d aft e ade s ill ot e pu ished upo

ha i g e ei ed the su

o s lette .

368

etu

at a late stage despite

Media epo ts oted that it is ot lea hethe those ho es aped o ilisatio a d hoose to

etu to Uk ai e i the futu e fa e et ospe ti e pu ish e t, although a pa lia e ta

ep ese tati e oi ed that it ould ot e i the atio al i te est.

369

If the p ose uto a p o e i

ou t that a pe so illegall ossed the i te atio al o de ith the pu pose of e adi g

o ilisatio , the pe pet ato a e pu ished ith i p iso e t fo a te of th ee to fi e

ea s.

370

p stated that the e had ee ases of people, ho had ee app ehe ded, t i g to e ade

o ilisatio a d o e a oad, a d ho, su se ue tl , fa ed i i al ha ges.

371

p a d a i estigati e jou alist oted that so eo e, ho has o ed a oad to a oid

o ilisatio , ould p o a l e et ith egati e ea tio s f o so iet upo etu .

372

The e

a e e a ples of ele ities, ho o ed a oad to a oid o ilisatio a d ha e ee

et ith

egati e ea tio s.

373

The Natio al Age

fo the Co uptio P e e tio NACP opi ed that although la e fo e e t

odies ought to i estigate ases ega di g pe so s ho ha e falsified a do u e t to t a el

a oad, the e ould ot e suffi ie t apa it to i estigate su h ases due to a a klog of

365

366

An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 33

An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 11

367

An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 33

368

UHHRU: 17

369

BBC News,

S i

i g i e s a d faki g ill ess to es ape Uk ai e s d aft,

17 November 2023,

url

370

Visit Ukraine,

Fines, jail or the front line: what men who went abroad illegally face,

18 April 2023,

url

371

Pryncyp: 12

372

Investigative Journalist: 15; Pryncyp: 13

373

Pryncyp: 13

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

thousa ds of ases. Mo eo e , the ases pe tai i g to ossi g the o de illegall

p io itised gi e the high u e of i i al ases elated to a i es.

374

ould ot e

3.5 Consequences for Ukrainians with a pro-Russian mind-set

O e all, the sou es did ot ha e i fo atio o additio al o se ue es fo ilita e ade s a d

dese te s ith a p o-Russia

i d-set as e uested i the Te s of Refe e e

ToR – a e

Ho e e , th ee sou es ag eed that Uk ai ia s, i ge e al, de o st ati g a lea s path ith

the Russia Fede atio a d its a tio s i Uk ai e as ell as e p essi g p o-Russia heto i fa e

se e e epe ussio s Uk ai ia autho ities.

375

It is i i alised to suppo t the agg esso state.

The autho ities a e a ti el p ose uti g people fo p o-Russia a ti ities pu sua t to the C i i al

Code of Uk ai e,

376

a d Uk ai ia atio als ha e ee detai ed u de ha ges of olla o atio

ith the Russia Fede atio .

377

The C i i al Code p es i es up to fi e ea s of i p iso e t fo posti g p o-Russia o p o-

i asio so ial edia o te t, ut i

ases, the offe de s a e se te ed to suspe ded

i p iso e t a d p ohi itio f o taki g up positio s i pu li offi es.

378

O the othe ha d,

the e a e ases of Uk ai ia atio als ho a e held fo lo g pe iods i p e-t ial dete tio fo

eposti g p o-i asio so ial edia o te t.

379

A i te atio al o ga isatio ased i K i oted

that o e all, disp opo tio ate pu ish e ts a e applied to the a ious p o isio s of the C i i al

Code elati g to atio al se u it a d olla o atio ith the Russia Fede atio .

380

As of De e e

, the e a e o e ,

p eli i a i estigatio s a d app o i atel ,

p ose utio s ega di g olla o atio ith the Russia Fede atio . The pe alties a ge f o fi es

ea s i p iso .

381

E a ples of a tio s leadi g to p ose utio s i lude the a t of aki g

state e ts o a a ge e ts i pu li i suppo t of the agg esso state, ei g olu ta il

e plo ed o ha i g a positio ith the o upatio autho it , olu ta il e list o p o ide suppo t

to the Russia A ed Fo es o o du t e o o i a ti ities i oope atio ith the Russia

Fede atio .

382

A Uk ai ia NGO oted that the ea tio s f o the autho ities a d the o

u ities depe d o

the eha iou of the pe so ith a assu ed p o-Russia

i d-set. The pe so

ust a ti el

e hi it p o-Russia s path i o de to e p ose uted. The sou e did ot elie e that the

NACP: 19

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 59; An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU:

34; International Organisation based in Kyiv: 21

376

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 59; International Organisation based in Kyiv: 21; Ukraine,

The Criminal

Code,

revision on 1 January 2024,

url

377

International Organisation based in Kyiv: 21

378

International Organisation based in Kyiv: 21; Ukraine,

The Criminal Code,

revision on 1 January 2024,

url

379

International Organisation based in Kyiv: 21

380

International Organisation based in Kyiv: 21

381

Open Democracy,

The p o le s ith Uk ai e s a ti e olla o atio la

, 16 August 2023,

url

382

Migrationsverket,

Landinformation: Ukraina - Kollaboration med ryska ockupationsmyndigheter,

22 December 2023,

url

375

374

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

assu ptio of a pe so ei g p o-Russia alo e ould lead to a

hu a ita ia NGO opi ed that a p o-Russia heto i is hea il

i te est of the autho ities.

384

A i te atio al o ga isatio e phasised that a Uk ai ia

f ie dships i Russia a d do ot fa e p ose utio s fo this.

385

epe ussio s.

383

iti ised a d a lead to the

elatio s o

atio als ha e fa il

4. Corruption

Co uptio is idesp ead i

a se to s i Uk ai e,

386

a d ost sou es ag eed that o uptio is

p e ale t i the o ilisatio p o edu es.

387

The o uptio is idesp ead at all le els of the

ilita s ste , a d thousa ds of people ha e ee pa i g i es to a oid o ilisatio .

388

Co e sel , a Uk ai ia NGO oted that the e is o uptio i the o ilisatio p o edu es, ut

that it is ot idesp ead.

389

The NACP assessed that the it of Odesa sta ds out as ei g o e

o upt a d opi ed that it p o a l elates to the high deg ee of Russia i flue e i the it .

Ho e e , the NACP oted that o uptio is also p e ale t i othe g oups as ell.

390

No all , o uptio issues i the ilita a e ot ei g dis ussed i i il so iet , as it ould e

pe ei ed egati el .

391

The easo fo this is that the ilita e jo s a high deg ee of suppo t i

the populatio ; ost people ha e fa il e e s ho ha e joi ed the a

a d the efo e

suppo t the ilita .

392

The p o le s of o uptio ha e ee o fe ed at highest le el, a d i the autu

P eside t Zele sk se e al ti es add essed the pa ti ula p o le s of the high u e s of

people ho a e a oidi g o ilisatio .

393

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 61

An International Humanitarian Organisation with headquarter in EU: 34

385

International Organisation based in Kyiv: 20

386

Landinfo,

Temanotat: Ukraina Sivilattester, identitets- og reisedokumenter,

25.January 2024,

url,

pp. 28; FT,

Ukraine

cracks down on corrupt army recruiters,

11 August 2023,

url;

Le Monde,

Ukraine: Corruption can undermine the trust of

allies and reawaken divisions in the country,

1 February 2023,

url;

Reuters,

Zelenskiy says change needed in Ukraine's

mobilisation system,

1 December 2023,

url;

BBC,

Ukraine fires military conscription officials for taking bribes,

11 August

2023,

url

387

UHHRU: 26; An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 29; Pryncyp: 14-15; International

Organisation working in Ukraine: 14; Investigative Journalist: 3; NACP 3-17; Legal Hundred: 38

388

Pryncyp: 14; An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 29; Investigative Journalist: 3;

UHHRU: 26; International Organisation working in Ukraine/Kyiv: 14

389

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 65

390

NACP: 17

391

Pryncyp: 16

392

Pryncyp: 16; Visit Ukraine,

Elections in time of war and trust in Zelenskyy: how many Ukrainians support the President

of Ukraine now?,

15 October 2023,

url

393

International Organisation working in Ukraine: 14; NACP: 16; UHHRU: 26; FT,

Ukraine cracks down on corrupt army

recruiters,

11 August 2023,

url;

Reuters,

Zelenskiy says change needed in Ukraine's mobilisation system,

1 December

2023,

url;

BBC,

Ukraine fires military conscription officials for taking bribes,

11 August 2023,

url

384

383

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

The issues of o uptio ha e esulted i t o ajo a al ses f o the NACP. The fi st epo t

394

o tai ed a a al sis of illegal a s to i u e t the t a el a that has ee i pla e fo e

et ee

a d

ea s ho a e eligi le fo o ilisatio .

395

The se o d epo t

396

o tai ed a

a al sis o o uptio i the MMCs – fo o e detailed i fo atio o o uptio i the MMCs,

see

se tio .

The p i a p ofiles of people, ho a e i u e ti g o ilisatio th ough o uptio , a e

ealth people ho a affo d to pa high su s of o e .

397

Fo i sta e, the NACP oted that

afte the pu li atio of thei epo t o

ethods to i u e t the t a el a i O to e

, the

p i es fo o uptio i eased sig ifi a tl .

398

The pe eptio of the state se to s as o upt is efle ted i a su e o du ted i

the

Uk ai ia Razu ko Ce t e. A o di g to the su e , as ited La di fo

, pe e t of the

espo de t dist ust ou ts the judi ial s ste as a hole a d pe e t dist ust the Natio al

Age

o Co uptio P e e tio NACP et .

399

4.1. Corruption in the Military Medical Commissions

The Natio al Se u it Cou il of Uk ai e tasked the NACP to d aft a epo t o o uptio i the

MMCs. The ai easo fo i itiati g the d afti g of the epo t is that, a o di g to the NACP a d

othe sou es, the ost p e ale t a to i u e t o ilisatio is pa i g so eo e to fo ge

do u e ts at the MMCs.

400

The NACP epo t o tai s a su e o du ted the Uk ai ia NGO,

Legal Hu d ed, hi h states that f o

Fe ua

to August

, Legal Hu d ed e ei ed

401

o plai ts a out the MMCs. Fu the o e, i August

, P eside t Zele sk

oted

that the Natio al Se u it Cou il of Uk ai e e ei ed statisti s o the MMC that e ide ed

idesp ead o uptio .

402

A o di g to the NACP epo t, i August

, la e fo e e t age ies o du ted i estigatio s

i a u e of MMCs i Vi tsia, Che kas a d K i egio s, a d the i estigatio s ide tified

Ukraine, NACP,

Ко уп

е т

к пд

ду к

у о

оє о о т у (Co uptio

schemes and risks related to leaving the country during martial law],

October 2022,

url

395

For more detailed information see Denmark, DIS,

Ukraine; Exit rules, exemptions from military service/mobilisation

during martial law, documentation, punishment of evaders and deserters from military service,

June 2023, pp. 40-51,

url

396

Ukraine, National Agency on Corruption Prevention of Ukraine,

Ко уп

к у д ль о т

ько о-

л к ьк ко

л к

(Co uptio isks i the

activities of the Military Medical Commissions of the

Armed Forces of Ukraine],

December 2023, url

397

NACP: 17; Pryncyp: 7

398

NACP: 17

399

Landinfo,

Temanotat: Ukraina Sivilattester, identitets- og reisedokumenter,

25 January 2024, url, p. 29; Razumkow

Centre,

Citizens' assessment of the situation in the country. Trust in social institutes, politicians, officials and public

figures

(December, 2023), 28 December 2023,

url

[Ukrainian language]

400

NACP: 5; An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 30; Ukrainian Non-Governmental

Organisation: 68; Legal Hundred: 38; Investigative Journalist: 3-4

401

Ukraine, NACP,

Ко уп

к у д ль о т

ько о-л к ьк ко

л к

(Co uptio

risks in the activities of the Military Medical Commissions of the Armed Forces of Ukraine],

December 2023, ,

url,

p. 8;

Legal Hundred: 38

402

Kyiv Post,

Co upt De isio s –

Kyiv to Review Medical Exemptions from Army Duty,

31 August 2023,

url

394

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

e plo ees hose de isio s i the MMCs ould e uestio ed. Su se ue tl ,

do u e tatio o fi i g u la ful de isio s as seized.

403

edi al

The NACP epo t ide tifies

o uptio isks ithi diffe e t aspe ts of the o k of the MMCs,

su h as the fo atio , the a ti ities, the appeal p o ess, the use of i te edia ies, a d the la k of

digitalisatio .

404

The i fo atio i the epo t at ha d o o uptio i the MMCs is ai l ased o i fo atio

sha ed the NACP i the e tio ed epo t f o De e e

as ell as i a eeti g i K i ,

O to e

. The i fo atio p o ided the NACP a e di ided i to the follo i g the es:

U lea legal egulatio , o uptio a o g e e s of the MMCs a d poo te h i al e uip e t,

a d la k of digitalisatio .

4.1.1. Unclear legal regulation

The s ste of the MMCs as ot ead fo the eeds a d halle ges of a ti e. The legislatio ,

that p es i ed the a ti ities, as ague a d outdated, a d the o k of the MMCs has ot

o plied ith a ode -da situatio du i g a tial la .

405

A o di g to the NACP, the Ca i et of

Mi iste s failed to outli e the legal f a e o k fo the fu tio i g of the MMCs, fo i sta e i the

d aft of O de

406

hi h egulates ho to o du t the ilita

edi al e a i atio s.

407

Afte the full-s ale i asio , the u e s of MMCs dou led, a d do to s a d othe staff e e

ought i f o the u i ipalities he eas p e iousl the MMCs e e fo ed ithi the o te t

of state edi al i stitutio s.

408

Fu the o e, the ha ges i the u e of MMCs i eased the

isk of o uptio ases, as o t ol e ha is s si ulta eousl eake ed.

409

4.1.2 Corruption among members of the MMCs

The de isio to de la e a i di idual u fit fo ilita se i e a d to e lude that pe so f o the

ilita egiste is ithi the dis etio a po e s of the MMCs. These po e s a d the la k of

lea egulatio of the a ti ities of the MMCs ha e e o e the iggest o uptio fa to i the

MMCs. The e has ee a o sta t i te a tio et ee the TRCs a d the MMCs, hi h has led to

Ukraine, NACP,

Ко уп

к у д ль о т

ько о-л к ьк ко

л к

(Co uptio

risks in the activities of the Military Medical Commissions of the Armed Forces of Ukraine],

December 2023,

url,

p. 10

404

Ukraine, NACP,

Ко уп

к у д ль о т

ько о-л к ьк ко

л к

(Co uptio

risks in the activities of the Military Medical Commissions of the Armed Forces of Ukraine],

December 2023, ,

url,

pp. 14-

67; NACP: 5-10

405

NACP: 6; Ukraine, NACP,

Ко уп

к у д ль о т

ько о-л к ьк ко

л к

(Corruption risks in the activities of the Military Medical Commissions of the Armed Forces of Ukraine],

December 2023,

url,

p. 14

406

Ukraine, MoD,

к №

оло е

п о

ько о-л к ьку ек пе т у

[Order

No. 402 Regulations on military medical examination in the Armed Forces of Ukraine],

14 August 2023,

url

407

Ukraine, NACP,

Ко уп

к у д ль о т

ько о-л к ьк ко

л к

(Co uptio

risks in the activities of the Military Medical Commissions of the Armed Forces of Ukraine],

December 2023,

url,

p. 15

408

NACP: 6; Ukraine, NACP,

Ко уп

к у д ль о т

ько о-л к ьк ко

л к

(Corruption risks in the activities of the Military Medical Commissions of the Armed Forces of Ukraine],

December 2023,

url,

pp. 16-20, 23-24

409

NACP: 6

403

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

st o g offi ial a d pe so al ties. I the o te t of the i eased de a d fo illegal do u e ts

e ui ed to t a el a oad a d a oid o ilisatio , this has o t i uted to the sp ead of o uptio

offe es a d the de elop e t of sustai a le o uptio s he es.

410

Fu the o e, a i di idual lia le fo ilita se i e a e g a ted a defe e t f o

o ilisatio

fo health easo s depe di g o the du atio of t eat e t. Upo the e pi of the defe e t, the

pe so is e a i ed the MMCs to dete i e the edi al fit ess fo ilita se i e. The e a e

o p o edu es fo aki g a de isio o postpo e e t, he e it is solel the su je ti e edi al

assess e t of the MMCs that fo s a asis fo o ti ued defe e t, hi h o t i utes to the

p e ale e of o uptio at the MMCs.

411

The e ha e ee ide tified se e al ases of o uptio a o g the heads as ell as a o g

i di idual e e s of the o

issio s, ho ha e a used thei positio s to i ple e t o upt

s he es out of loopholes i the ague a d outdated legislatio . Fu the o e, the MMCs ha e

ee a epti g e tai e te al otes, su h as do to epo ts f o othe edi al i stitutio s,

ithout o du ti g p ope e ifi atio , hi h has i eased the isk of su itti g falsified

do u e ts.

412

I p a ti e, it has ee diffi ult fo la e fo e e t age ies to ide tif heads of the MMCs as

pe pet ato s. Ne e theless, ou t ases ha e e ealed that the use of i te edia ies, su h as lo -

p ofile e e s o se eta ies, ha e ee p e ale t, although the e also a e e a ples of

p ose utio of e e s of the o

issio .

413

4.1.3 Poor technical equipment and lack of digitalisation

The MMCs ha e, i ge e al, poo te h i al e uip e t, hi h has i eased the isk of o uptio

ith the o ti ued use of pape o k. Fo i sta e, the e has ee fo ulated a eed fo ,

laptops to the MMCs, hi h has ot ee

et. Ma MMCs la k lo al o e tio to the i te et,

hi h has ade it i possi le to o e t to the atio al, ele t o i health a e s ste a d a

out ele t o i do u e t a age e t. The MMCs a e still o ki g ith pape do u e t

i ulatio , hi h eates fa ou a le o ditio s fo o uptio e ause it akes it easie to falsif

do u e ts he the e is o ele t o i t ail. Fu the o e, the MMCs do ot ha e a ess to the

ele t o i edi al histo of pe so s lia le fo ilita se i e, hi h also akes the p o ess of

Ukraine, NACP,

Ко уп

к у д ль о т

ько о-л к ьк ко

л к

(Co uptio

risks in the activities of the Military Medical Commissions of the Armed Forces of Ukraine],

December 2023,

url,

p. 37

411

Ukraine, NACP,

Ко уп

к у д ль о т

ько о-л к ьк ко

л к

(Co uptio

risks in the activities of the Military Medical Commissions of the Armed Forces of Ukraine],

December 2023,

url,

p. 41

412

NACP: 7; Ukraine, NACP,

Ко уп

к у д ль о т

ько о-л к ьк ко

л к

[Corruption risks in the activities of the Military Medical Commissions of the Armed Forces of Ukraine],

December 2023,

url,

pp. 38-40

413

NACP: 8

410

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

falsifi atio s of do u e ts a d o lusio s easie , as the e ifi atio of the authe ti it is thus

sig ifi a tl o pli ated.

414

The e is o i sight fo the pe so su

o ed fo o ilisatio a d edi al he k o fo outside s of

hat the MMCs ha e itte i thei edi al assess e ts, thus the o lusio s o eligi ilit

a ot e o ito ed o halle ged. The o lusio s a e fo a ded di e tl f o the MMCs to the

ilita o

a de s.

415

Fu the o e, the MMCs do ot look at p e ious health e o ds du i g the

e uit e t p o edu es ut a e o du ti g thei o health assess e t, i hi h o uptio is

uite p e ale t. The issued do u e ts a e eal; ho e e , the p e ises a e false.

416

The e a e u egulated p o edu es fo e ui e e ts of atta hi g edi al do u e ts to the

appli atio fo e e ptio , hi h allo s the MMCs to dis ega d su h do u e ts e a li g iased

o lusio s. Fu the o e, it o pli ates a appeal agai st the de isio s of the MMCs e ause

appli a ts a e u a le to p o e that the p o ided edi al do u e tatio that i di ated the

p ese e of a disease.

417

Ma of Uk ai e s go e

e t se i es ha e o e a lo g a i the i ple e tatio of

go e a e p o edu es; ho e e , the a ti ities of the MMCs ha e ot ee digitalised, hi h

uddles the o t ol a d ide tifi atio of o uptio ases. No a tio has ee take to i itiate

digitalisatio , a o di g to the NACP, appa e tl e ause the e is a i te est i the top of the

go e

e t i keepi g the p o ess o pape i o de to o ti ue the p ese t o upt p a ti e.

418

O a o e all le el, the NACP oted that the o uptio i the MMCs is a o i atio of ei g

s ste i e ause of u lea ules, ut ost ases a e a esult of i di idual a ti ities.

419

4.2. Other ways to circumvent mobilisation

Besides the o uptio i the MMCs, the NACP ide tified fou t pi al a ia ts of o uptio a d

e asio

ethods:

A person can be exempted from mobilisation if any close family members have been

classified with disabilities or serious health conditions.

420

The NACP has identified

several corruption cases by fabrication of medical documents through the MMCs.

421

NACP: 9; Pryncyp: 15; Ukraine, NACP,

Ко уп

к у д ль о т

ько о-л к ьк ко

(Co uptio isks i the a ti ities of the Milita

Medical Commissions of the Armed Forces of Ukraine],

December 2023 ,

url,

pp. 64-65

415

Pryncyp: 15

416

Investigative Journalist: 4; NACP: 9

417

Ukraine, NACP,

Ко уп

к у д ль о т

ько о-л к ьк ко

л к

(Co uptio

risks in the activities of the Military Medical Commissions of the Armed Forces of Ukraine],

December 2023,

url,

p. 62

418

NACP: 10

419

NACP: 11

420

NACP: 14; An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 30; Ukrainian Non-Governmental

Organisation: 66; Investigative Journalist: 3; WSJ,

A Year Into War, Ukraine Faces Challenges Mobilizing Troops,

March 2023,

url

421

NACP: 14

414

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

II)

III)

IV)

The NACP has identified cases of fictitious marriages with women who have either a

disability or three or more children allowing for exemption of the person liable for

mobilisation.

422

There have also been cases of fictitious employment or voluntary work in companies

or organisations that have been categorised as strategically important and thus its

employees are exempted from mobilisation.

423

Finally, among the most common variants of circumventing mobilisation is fictitious

enlistment as a student to a higher educational institution.

424

Media epo ts also de o st ated othe t pes of o uptio , su h as u i g a passe ge seat

alo gside a lo g-haul t u k d i e lea i g the ou t o a ui i g do u e ts listi g a pe so as a

olu tee aid o ke allo i g fo e e ptio s f o

o ilisatio .

425

Fo i fo

atio o

a s to i u

e t the t a el a , efe to the DIS epo t f o

Ju e

426

4.3. Documents

Both the NACP a d a Uk ai ia NGO stated that ilita do u e ts a e usuall

A o di g to the NACP, it is ot possi le to fo ge ilita ti kets.

428

ot fo ged.

427

Ho e e , othe do u e ts ha e ee fo ged i so e ases. Fo i sta e, the te po a

e tifi ate of egist atio , hi h is a pie e of pape .

429

Othe t pes of do u e ts that ha e ee fo ged i lude edi al do u e ts f o

egist atio as olu tee s fo NGOs t a spo ti g ilita e uip e t.

430

do to s, o

4.4. Regional differences

Most sou es o sulted i this epo t ag eed that the e e e o egio al diffe e es i the le el of

o uptio to a oid o ilisatio .

431

Co uptio is pe ti e t i all egio s of Uk ai e.

432

NACP: 14; The Washington Post,

Ukraine cracks down on draft-dodging as it struggles to find troops,

8 December

2023,

url

423

NACP: 14; Investigative Journalist: 3; The Washington Post,

Ukraine cracks down on draft-dodging as it struggles to

find troops,

8 December 2023,

url

424

NACP: 14; WSJ,

A Year Into War, Ukraine Faces Challenges Mobilizing Troops,

23 March 2023,

url

425

Investigative Journalist: 3; WSJ,

A Year Into War, Ukraine Faces Challenges Mobilizing Troops,

23 March 2023,

url;

The

Washington Post,

Ukraine cracks down on draft-dodging as it struggles to find troops,

8 December 2023,

url

426

a k, DIS,

Uk ai e; E it ules, e e ptio s f o

ilita se i e/ o ilisatio du i g a tial la , do u e tatio ,

pu ish e t of e ade s a d dese te s f o

ilita se i e,

Ju e

u l,

pp. -

427

NACP: 15; Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 67

428

NACP: 15

429

NACP: 15

430

Investigative Journalist: 3; Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 68; An International Humanitarian

organisation with headquarter in EU: 30

431

NACP: 17; Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation: 69; An international humanitarian organisation with

headquarter in EU: 31; Legal Hundred: 38; Investigative Journalist: 5

432

An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU: 31

422

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Ho e e , the NACP oted that the it of Odesa sta ds out as ei g o e o upt tha othe

pla es i Uk ai e, hi h, a o di g to the NACP, is likel elated to the high deg ee of Russia

i flue e i the it .

433

4.5. Anti-corruption measures

4.5.1. Punishment for corruption

Whe a ti g i a o upt a to a oid o ilisatio , the e a e se e al a s the pe pet ato s a e

p ose uted a d pu ished. As e tio ed i

hapte

o d aft e asio a d dese tio , a pe so a

e p ose uted fo e asio of o ilisatio .

434

Fu the o e, depe di g o the ethods of o uptio , se e al a ti les i the C i i al Code of

Uk ai e egulate the p ose utio of oth the o upt go e

e t offi ial a d the i di idual ho

435

p oposes the o upt s he e.

Fo i fo atio o the fo ge of do u e ts a d atte pts at i e , efe to the DIS epo t of

Ju e

436

Fo ge of do u e ts is a i i al offe se, a d oth the pe so ho e uested a d

the pe so ho issued the false o fo ged do u e t a e su je t to i i al lia ilit .

437

The e a e

also se e al othe a ti les i the C i i al Code, hi h a e used to p ose ute o upt go e

e t

offi ials, he e the pu ish e t a ges f o a fi e a d up to

ea s of i p iso e t depe di g

438

o the g a it of the offe se.

The e a e o spe ial p ose utio o pu ish e t p o edu es elated to o uptio du i g a tial

la . A o di g to Legal Hu d ed, i es elated to o uptio a e o all pu ished se e el , a d

ild se te es a e ot used i o uptio ases.

439

Ho e e , the NACP opi ed that la

e fo e e t age ies do ot ha e the apa it to i estigate all ases i ol i g people ho ha e

falsified do u e ts to t a el a oad.

440

4.5.2. Other anti-corruption measures

The NACP has liaiso ep ese tati es i ea h go e

e t i stitutio . Ho e e , the o k

i depe de tl of ea h othe , thus ot as effe ti e as ished. Ne e theless, it as o side ed a

positi e de elop e t, he the Mi iste of Defe e as dis issed a d the NACP liaiso e a e

Deput Mi iste of Defe e a d i itiated a upg ade of a ele t o i egiste s ste of pe so s

NACP: 17

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada,

Criminal Code of Ukraine,

2001, articles 335-337,

url;

Investigative Journalist: 6; NACP: 19

435

Investigative Journalist: 6

436

Denmark, DIS,

Ukraine; Exit rules, exemptions from military service/mobilisation during martial law, documentation,

punishment of evaders and deserters from military service,

June 2023,

url,

pp. 54-55,

437

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada,

Criminal Code of Ukraine,

2001, article 358,

url;

Ukrainian Non-Governmental

Organisation: 70; Investigative Journalist: 6

438

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada,

Criminal Code of Ukraine,

2001,

url;

Investigative Journalist: 6 ; For more information on

ways to circumvent the travel ban, see also Denmark, DIS,

Ukraine; Exit rules, exemptions from military

service/mobilisation during martial law, documentation, punishment of evaders and deserters from military service,

June

2023, ,

url,

pp. 54-55

439

Legal Hundred: 40

440

NACP: 19

434

433

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lia le fo o ilisatio , i ludi g o e ti g the egiste

as a lo g-ti e e o

e datio of the NACP.

441

ith othe state data ases. The egiste

Whe the NACP pu lished its fi st epo t o o uptio elated to the t a el a , it as follo ed

up ith a su issio of e o

e datio s to the Uk ai ia go e

e t i Ja ua

o ho

to i i ise the isks ide tified i the epo t. These e o

e datio s e e d afted togethe ith

the ai stakeholde s, su h as the Mi ist of Defe e, the Uk ai ia State Bo de Gua d Se i e

et .

442

Ho e e , De e e

, o e tha a ea afte the pu li atio , the e o

e datio s

e e su itted fi e ti es, ut the ha e ee lo ked the go e

e t a d thus ot

i ple e ted.

443

I August

, P eside t Zele sk atte pted to take a tio agai st the o uptio i the MMCs

epla i g the heads of the ilita e uit e t e t es.

444

Ho e e , a o di g to the NACP, the

epla e e t did ot esult i a de ease i the o uptio le el ithi the MMCs e ause the

p o le is o e ooted i the o

issio s tha o l the top a age e t.

445

A o di g to

UHHRU, the epla e e t esulted i a d op of pe so s ei g o ilised, hi h p o a l as

e ause the e

a age e t la ked e pe ie e a d li ks ith the lo al o

u ities.

446

Legal

Hu d ed oted that afte the epla e e t, people ef ai ed f o pa i g i es to the e heads

of the MMCs out of fea of ei g p ose uted.

447

441

442

NACP: 23

NACP: 3

443

NACP: 4

444

NACP: 16; UHHRU: 26; Investigative Journalist: 4: Legal Hundred: 39

445

NACP: 16

446

UHHRU: 26

447

Legal Hundred: 39

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

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UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

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UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

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UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

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UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

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Reuters,

Ukrainian army proposal to call up more civilians gets mixed reaction in Kyiv,

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civilians-gets-mixed-reaction-kyiv-2023-12-20/

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Reuters,

Ukraine's citizen army struggles with a hidden enemy: combat stress,

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combat-stress-2023-12-20/

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Reuters,

Zelenskiy says change needed in Ukraine's mobilisation system,

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system-2023-12-01/

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Reute s,

Uk ai e's go t su its a e ded o ilisatio ill to pa lia e t,

Ja ua

Uk ai e's go t su its a e ded o ilisatio ill to pa lia e t | Reute s

a essed o

Ja ua

Roskosh i, Illia,

The Right to Co s ie tious O je tio U de Ma tial La i Uk ai e,

August ,

http://d .doi.o g/ .

/ss .

a essed o

Ja ua

Russia, President of Russia,

Address by the President of the Russian Federation,

24 February 2022,

http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/67843

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Russia Matte s,

A e age Age of Uk ai ia Soldie s Is Past a d That Could Be a P o le

No e e

https://

. ussia atte s.o g/ log/a e age-age-uk ai ia -soldie s-past-

ould- e-p o le

a essed o

Ja ua

-a d-

State Mig atio Se i e of Uk ai e,

I fo atio fo fo eig e s ho pa ti ipate i the A ti-Te o ist

Ope atio

, .d.,

https://d su.go .ua/e -ho e/se i es/i fo atio -fo -fo eig e s- ho-

pa ti ipate-i -the-a ti-te o ist-ope atio .ht l

a essed o

Ja ua

Suspilne News,

едо то , к

о т

ть т т

ько

о л к,

о уть

д т

ко до —

[Women

with a medical education, who must register

for military service from October 1, will be able to travel abroad

—

DPSU]

28 September 2023,

https://suspilne.media/582699-zinki-z-medosvitou-aki-z-1-zovtna-maut-stati-na-vijskovij-oblik-

zmozut-viizdzati-za-kordon-dpsu/

(accessed on 12 January 2024)

Suspilne News,

ькко т

Оде

е ко е ту т уть о т

е т

о л о

о о еп леп є

[The

military registration and enlistment office in the Odesa region

will not comment on the circumstances of the death of a mobilized man with epilepsy],

5 August

2023,

https://suspilne.media/544761-u-vijskkomati-na-odesini-ne-komentuvatimut-obstavini-

smerti-mobilizovanogo-z-epilepsieu/

(accessed on 12 January 2024)

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

Suspilne News,

Wives of soldiers from Ternopil demand consideration of the bill on demobilization,

27 October 2023 (unofficial translation),

https://suspilne.media/603585-druzini-vijskovih-z-

ternopola-vimagaut-rozgladu-zakonoproektu-pro-demobilizaciu/

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Suspilne News,

"It's time for others." In Dnipro, wives of soldiers demanded specific terms of

mobilization and rotations for soldiers,

12 November 2023,

https://suspilne.media/615467-

nastav-cas-insih-u-dnipri-druzini-vijskvih-vimagali-viznacenih-terminiv-mobilizacii-dla-bijciv-i-

rotacij/

(accessed on 12 January 2024)

Taz Tageszeitu g, Mo il a hu g de Uk ai e: Meh Soldate

au ht das La d, Septe

https://taz.de/Mo il a hu g-de -Uk ai e/!

a essed o

O to e

The Ti es,

No od Belie es i Ou Vi to Like I Do. I side Volod

Zele sk s St uggle to Keep

Uk ai e i the Fight,

No e e

https://ti e. o /

/uk ai e- olod

-zele sk -

i te ie /

a essed o

Ja ua

Ukraine, President of Ukraine,

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mobilizaciyi-potribna-spravedlivist-i-povaga-do-na-87861

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Uk ai e,

те т о О о о Ук

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ько о о о л ку п о к т

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уде ль е п д т

—

о о о

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Visit Uk ai e,

Ele tio s i ti e of a a d t ust i Zele sk : ho

a Uk ai ia s suppo t the

P eside t of Uk ai e o ?,

O to e

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/ele tio s-i -

ti e-of- a -a d-t ust-i -zele sk -ho - a -uk ai ia s-suppo t-the-p eside t-of-uk ai e-

o #google_ ig ette

a essed o

Ja ua

Visit Uk ai e,

Will e e o e go to a ? Ho

ill the olu e of o ilizatio i Uk ai e ha ge i

the ea futu e?,

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Ja ua

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UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

Visit Ukraine,

Conscription age cut to 25 in Ukraine: What will change and how will it affect

mobilisation,

31 May 2023,

https://visitukraine.today/blog/1974/conscription-age-cut-to-25-in-

ukraine-what-will-change-and-how-will-it-affect-mobilisation

(accessed on 12 January 2024)

Visit Ukraine,

Mobilization and demobilization in Ukraine: what changes does the government

propose in the new draft law?

27 December 2023,

https://visitukraine.today/blog/3125/mobilization-and-demobilization-in-ukraine-what-changes-

does-the-government-propose-in-the-new-draft-law

(accessed on 12 January 2024)

Visit Uk ai e,

Milita egist atio fo o e : ho has to go to TAC i O to e ?,

Septe e

https:// isituk ai e.toda / log/

/ ilita - egist atio -fo - o e - ho-has-to-go-to-ta -

i -o to e

a essed o

Ja ua

Visit Ukraine,

Military leave: can a serviceman go abroad?,

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https://visitukraine.today/blog/2190/military-leave-can-a-serviceman-go-abroad

(accessed on 12

January 2024)

Visit Uk ai e,

Fi es, jail o the f o t li e: hat e ho e t a oad illegall fa e,

Ap il

https:// isituk ai e.toda / log/

/fi es-jail-o -the-f o t-li e- hat- e - ho- e t-a oad-

illegall -fa e

a essed o

Ja ua

Visit Uk ai e,

The Ca i et of Mi iste s has e pa ded the po e s of the TRC fo the pe iod of

o ilizatio : ho the ill o k,

Fe ua

https:// isituk ai e.toda / log/

/the-

a i et-of- i iste s-has-e pa ded-the-po e s-of-the-t -fo -the-pe iod-of- o ilizatio -ho -

the - ill- o k

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Fe ua

WSJ (Wall Street Journal),

A Year Into War, Ukraine Faces Challenges Mobilizing Troops,

23 March,

https://www.wsj.com/articles/a-year-into-war-ukraine-faces-challenges-mobilizing-troops-

64dcdc49

(accessed on 12 January 2024)

The Washington Post,

A gloo

ood ha gs o e Uk ai e s soldie s as a ith Russia g i ds o

18 December 2023,

https://www.wsj.com/articles/a-year-into-war-ukraine-faces-challenges-

mobilizing-troops-64dcdc49

(accessed on 12 January 2024)

The Washington Post,

Ukraine short of skilled troops and munitions as losses, pessimism grow,

March 2023,

https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/03/13/ukraine-casualties-pessimism-

ammunition-shortage/

(accessed on 12 January 2024)

The Washington Post,

Ukraine cracks down on draft-dodging as it struggles to find troops,

December 2023,

https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/12/08/ukraine-russia-war-draft-

dodgers/

(accessed on 12 January 2024)

Uk ai e No ,

Digital Cou t

, o date,

u l

NACP Uk ai e, Natio al Age

к пд

ду к

o Co uptio P e e tio of Uk ai e ,

Ко уп

е т

у о

оє о о т у (Co uptio s he es a d isks elated

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

to lea i g the ou t du i g a tial la

], O to e

https:// azk.go .ua/ p-

o te t/uploads/

/ /Ko uptsi - i_she _ta_ z k _pid_ has_ i-zdu_z_Uk ai-

_ _u o ah.pdf

a essed o

Ja ua

NACP Uk ai e, Natio al Age

o Co uptio P e e tio of Uk ai e ,

Ко уп

к у

д ль о т

ько о-л к ьк ко

л к

(Co uptio isks i the a ti ities

of the Milita Medi al Co

issio s of the A ed Fo es of Uk ai e],

De e e

https:// azk.go .ua/do load-

o t ole /?sid=

&a=do s&id= a

dd a

f df a

eea

a essed o

Ja ua

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у о ль у допо о у о о

лд т

д т т т дт

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п о д

т т

п опо у е

[Code of

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url

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[P eside t of Uk ai e],

е де т к

еде

оє о о т у к

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introduction of martial law in Ukraine],

24 February 2022,

https://www.president.gov.ua/documents/642022-41397

№

–

On the

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

Uk ai e, П е де т Ук

[P eside t of Uk ai e],

е де т к

№ /

ль у о л

[Decree

of the President of Ukraine No 64/2022

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No. 718, Order about the dining and kitchen equipment

dishes, equipment and inventory of the Armed Forces of Ukraine for wartime

[

те т о

О о о Ук

т О о о

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о т е д е

о-п

кт

одо

то у

ко у к

о льте

(

ько у) лу у",

[On

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ет

т Ук

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о т о № , о док

ько о о о

п ко

ько о о о

пд

д оє о о

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%D0%BF#Text

Uk ai e,

т о о о Ук

[Mi iste of Defe e of Uk ai e],

к №

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military medical examination in the Armed Forces of Ukraine],

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ilita

edi al

examination in the Armed Forces of Ukraine],

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On the approval of the List of specialities

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Uk ai e, К

ет

т Ук

[Ca i et of Mi iste s of Uk ai e],

о т о , д

.№ , е к п т

е л

поло е ь ко у к

о о л

п д ото ку т о л

одо о

ько о о о ʼ

пе од о л

оє

[So e issues of i ple e ti g the p o isio s of the La of Uk ai e "O

Mo ilizatio T ai i g a d Mo ilizatio " ega di g the ese atio of o s ipts fo the pe iod of

o ilisatio a d a ti e],

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ealizatsii-polozhe -zako u-uk ai -p o- o ilizatsii u-pidhoto ku-ta- o ilizatsiiu-t

a essed o

Ja ua

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

Uk ai e, Ve ko a Rhada,

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о оло е

п о

п о од е

о д

ько о лу

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No.

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ету

т Ук

о док о

т еде

ько о о о л ку п о к ,

ько о о о

т е е

т [ esolutio No.

Ca i et of Mi iste s of Uk ai e, P o edu e fo o ga izi g a d ai tai i g ilita e o ds of

o s ipts, o s ipts a d ese ists],

De e e

, A ti le ,

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?a =

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№

[De ee of the P eside t of Uk ai e No.

582/2016],

ОЛО

,п о

ько

к ток о

до о о, е

т ько о

ько о кл ду [REGULATIONS o the ilita ID of p i ates, se gea ts a d pett

officers],

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https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/582/2016#Text

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

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Annex 1: Meeting Notes

National Agency on Corruption Prevention (NACP)

Meeti g, K i ,

A out the sou e

1. The National Agency on Corruption Prevention (NACP) was established in 2014 and is a

central executive body with a special status. It is responsible for the development of anti-

corruption policy and prevention of corruption. The NACP has, among many tasks,

responsibility for analysing the situation regarding corruption in Ukraine and developing

relevant anti-corruption strategies and programs for its implementation. Furthermore, it

monitors compliance with the rules and legislation, coordinates and supports state and

local bodies with identifying and eliminating corruption risks and implementing anti-

corruption measures. NACP is not a law enforcement agency, which is why it does not

conduct its own investigation and prosecution. However, it has a mandate to conduct

inspections of state and local bodies.

Legislatio

2. Overall, there has not been any major changes in the legislation regarding mobilisation

since February 2023. However, there has been some minor adjustments of the existing

legislation. The NACP mentioned that, for example, students attending a second or third

higher education are not eligible for deferment of mobilisation anymore. However,

deferment only applies for parallel educational levels. If a graduate student were accepted

for Ph.D. or similar higher levels, this student would still be able to obtain a deferment.

Co uptio i the o ilisatio p o edu es

I O to e

, the NACP pu lished the epo t Co uptio s he es a d isks elated to

lea i g the ou t du i g a tial la des i i g eight ide tified

illegal ways (schemes)

to circumvent the travel ban in Ukraine by people covered by the mobilisation. In January

2023, the report was followed up with a submission of recommendations to the

government of Ukraine on how to minimise the risks identified in the report. The

recommendations were drafted in agreement with all other major stakeholders, such as

the Ukrainian State Border Guard Service (SBGS), the Ministry of Defence etc. and took

form as several government resolutions on minimising illegal border crossings and

addressing the issues of forging documents etc.

4. By December 2023, the recommendations have been submitted five times in total, but

have been returned every time. The prime minister in the government blocked the

recommendations and they have not been approved nor implemented up to this date;

even though both the Ministry of Defence and Ministry of Health were in position to

implement important parts of the recommendations.

O to e

Milita

Medi al Co

issio s

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

5. The National Security Council of Ukraine tasked the NACP to draft a report on the

functioning of the Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) that is set to be published by the

end of 2023. The reason for the drafting of the report is that, according to the NACP, the

most prevalent way to circumvent mobilisation is by paying someone to forge documents

in the MMCs. Based on this report, NACP will prepare recommendations on increasing the

level of transparency of the MMC's functioning. The analysis was not finished at the time

of the meeting; however, the NACP was able to disclose the preliminary findings regarding

corruption risks in in the MMCs. In particular, the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine will be

recommended to develop a new draft resolution that will regulate the activities of the

MMC, taking into account the recommendations of the NACP.

6. Firstly, the legal base of the functioning of the MMCs has not been clear and the

legislation that has prescribed the activities of the commissions has been vague and

outdated. The MMCs have not complied with the modern day situation and the realities

during martial law. There have not been proper procedures and criteria of the functioning

of the MMCs. As an example, the NACP mentioned that the timeline for the medical

procedure has been vague and not definite.

Previously, the MMCs were formed within the context of state medical institutions.

However, a couple of months after the full-scale Russian invasion, the law was changed

and it was possible to create the MMCs within the context of municipal medical

institutions. The change was implemented by August 2022 and since then the number of

MMCs has more than doubled. The changes resulted in a significant increase of corruption

cases, because the control mechanisms within the MMCs weakened both in terms of the

increase in the number of commissions and because it was easier to control a fewer

numbers of state institutions compared to municipal institutions.

7. Secondly, there have been several cases of corruption among the heads of the

commissions as well as among individual members. In their function, they have

implemented corrupt schemes by using the outdated and vague legislation to find

loopholes. The MMCs have also accepted certain external notes without conducting

proper verification, such as doctor reports from medical institutions, containing medical

information and therefore the risk to forge the submitted documents has been high.

8. The NACP noted that it was difficult to identify the heads of the military medical

commissions directly as perpetrators. However, through court decisions it is possible to

observe that the perpetrators use networks of intermediaries. An intermediary could be a

member of the commission or a secretary. However, there have been cases where the law

enforcement authorities have prosecuted the member of the commissions.

9. Thirdly, the poor technical equipment of the MMCs has also increased the risk of

corruption. According to information provided by the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, the

need for 1,000 laptops for military medical facilities currently remains unmet. At the same

time, there is still no local connection to the Internet in the premises where full-time

MMCs are currently located, which makes it impossible for them to work with the

electronic health care system and carry out electronic document management. At the

same time, the continued existence of paper document circulation serves as a basis for

the emergence of corruption risks due to the lack of an electronic medical information

system of the MMCs. Methods of fixing access to medical documentation of the MMCs,

thereby creating a favourable environment for corruption abuses during the

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

10.

11.

12.



13.

determination of the military fitness of persons liable for military service / serviceman by

forging documents. In particular, in the absence of a connection to the electronic medical

history of persons liable for military service, the process of falsification of MMCs

conclusions is greatly simplified, and at the same time, the process of verifying their

authenticity is significantly complicated.

Finally, even though Ukraine is one of the leading countries in implementation of digital

governance procedures, the activities of the MMCs have not been digitalised, which has

lessened the possibility to control and identify possible corruption cases. Furthermore, no

action has been taken to initiate a digitalisation process in this particular part of

governance, which, according to the source, is because

someone

is still interested in

keeping the process on paper in order to continue present practice.

The NACP noted though that the corruption is a combination of being systemic because of

unclear rules, but most cases have been caused by individual activities.

Within the study of the corruption risks in the military medical commissions (MMC), the

NACP has so far formulated the following recommendations:

Make complete changes in the legislation regarding the MMCs, bringing it up-to-date and

make it comply with a special situation such as the present martial law;

Secure a transparent selection of heads and members of the MMCs;

Secure transparency when conducting meetings by, for example, making video and audio

recordings of the meetings;

Speed up the digitalisation of the activities of the MMCs;

Bring all previous medical records into account in the decision-making process of a

pe so s eligi ilit to e e e pted. This is ot the p ese t p a ti e a d it does ot gi e the

full medical picture, why the risk of forged documents in the MMCs persists.

The NACP is well aware that their recommendations on illegal border crossings were not

implemented. However, they are more optimistic that these recommendations will be

adopted, because the work is under the direct task of the National Security Council.

a s to i u

e t

o ilisatio

Othe

14. The NACP stressed that not all corruption risks to evade mobilisation were related to the

drafting centres and the military medical commissions. The monitoring of the corruption

schemes in Ukraine identified four typical variants of corruption and evasion methods:



Firstly, a person can be exempted from mobilisation if any of his close family

members have been classified as a person with disabilities or serious health

conditions. The decision of relieving the person from mobilisation duty is made by

civil medical commissions. The NACP has identified several corruption cases by

fabrication of documents through these civil medical commissions. Even the head

of the pro-Russian political party in the parliament, Verkhovna Rada, has been

involved in this scheme.



Secondly, the NACP has identified cases of fictitious marriages with women who

either have a disability or three or more children, which qualifies as an exemption

ground.



The third variant that was identified is fictitious employment in companies that

have been deemed strategically important and therefore their employees are

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exempted from mobilisation. These persons are not actual employers of the

companies; they have bribed the companies to be added on the list as employee.



The fourth most common variant is, according to the NACP, fictitious enlistment

as a student to a higher educational institution, which makes it possible to obtain

deferment from mobilisation.

The NACP stressed, though, that the mentioned schemes were not as frequent as the

cases with the military medical commissions.

15. According to the NACP, it is not possible to forge the military tickets, but there have been

cases of other forged documents, e.g. the temporary certificate of registration, which is

just a piece of paper.

16. In August 2023, President Zelenskyy, replaced the heads of the military recruitment

centres because of the corruption in these institutions. However, the replacement did not

result in a decrease in the corruption level within the system of the MMCs. According to

the NACP, it does not help to solve the problem of corruption by just sacking the heads of

the centres. To eliminate corruption it is necessary to change the roots of the problems

and reorganise the system from the bottom.

Regio al diffe e es

17. At this point, the NACP has not identified any particular regional differences in the

corruption cases. However, according to the source, the city Odesa stands out as being

more corrupt, which probably is related to the high degree of Russian influence in this

city.

In addition, the primary profiles of people using corruption to circumvent mobilisation are

wealthy people, who can afford paying high sums of money. The NACP also noted that

after the publication of the analysis in October 2022, the prices of corruption rose

significantly. Corruption is also prevalent in other groups as well.

Pu ish e t fo o uptio

18. Since the full-scale Russian invasion, it has been difficult for border guards to fully verify

all type of documents within the current system. The authorities have limited amount of

time to check the documents and they are usually not resourced to investigate all aspects

of a given document. According to the NACP, it requires a certain expertise to be able to

detect a fraudulent document. However, when the practice of exchanging information

between databases of different government authorities is fully implemented, it will be

more difficult to circumvent mobilisation through corruption.

19. According to article 336 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, evasion of conscription during

mobilisation for military service in the events of martial law by persons from the reserve is

punishable by imprisonment for a term of three to five years. The statute of limitations is

set in article 106 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which describes that the end of term

will be after 5 years of such crime action. The law enforcement bodies should investigate

cases regarding persons, who have falsified a document to travel abroad. However, there

would be thousands of such cases and the law enforcement agencies would not have

capacity to investigate all cases. Furthermore, it is not a priority of the authorities,

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because additional there are also many cases related to the Russian aggression, such as

war crimes etc., which is deemed more important.

A ti- o uptio

easu es:

20. The work of the NACP does not only include the studies of corruption risks, but also ways

to mitigate the risks.

21. NACP submitted several recommendations to the government in January 2023. Only one

of these recommendations was introduced by the Cabinet of Ministers

–

the transfer in

digital form of information from the hospitals to the regional military recruitment offices.

The NACP does not consider this procedure as an anti-corruption measure; rather it is a

procedure to make the transfer of information from one point to another faster.

22. The Cabinet of Ministers has the stand that each government body is responsible for

implementing their own anti-corruption measures separately on their own level and it is

supposed to be matter of concern of the government.

However, the NACP opined that it is not possible to fight corruption entity by entity or by

simply investigating individual cases, as putting people to liability in criminal cases is not

an effective tool. Ukraine needs a comprehensive approach of the level of the government

to build integrity connections between different systems.

23. The NACP has liaison representatives in each government institutions, but they work

independently, thus not as effective as they could have been. However, as an example of

progress, the NACP noted that when the president dismissed the minister of defence, the

NACP liaison became deputy minister of defence and is already upgrading an electronic

to hinder corrupt practices within this system. The law on this register was adopted in

2018, but the previous ministers did not implement the register. Only when the new

minister of defence was appointed, the officials began actively processing the register and

work on connecting the register with other state databases. According to the latest data,

up to 90 % of personal files has already been registered. The next stage is to verify the

records.

24. The register was a clear recommendation of the NACP, and the intention is to connect the

databases with the major stakeholders, such as the State Border Guard Service, the

National Police, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and Ministry of Health etc. The Ministry of

Defence is also planning to integrate the database with two other databases

–

for the

wounded soldiers and with the activities of the Military Medical Committees (MMC),

which should be ready by the end of 2023.

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Ukrainian Helsinki Human Rights Union (UHHRU)

Meeti g, K i , No e

A out the sou e

1. The Ukrainian Helsinki Human Rights Union (UHHRU) is an association of human rights

organisations in Ukraine, which unites 25 human rights non-governmental organisations.

The main activities of UHHRU are protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms,

by legal means

–

primary and secondary legal aid on local and national levels and strategic

litigation in international institutions. The UHHRU provides legal assistance to individuals

and perform monitoring of the observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms in

Ukraine and inform about violations. Furthermore, the UHHRU conducts research on

human rights and fundamental freedoms, including monitoring of draft laws and other

legal acts, provides opinions and recommendations to the adoption of normative acts and

monitors compliance with international human rights standards in public discussion of

draft normative acts, incl. preparation of proposals. The UHHRU also provides human

rights education and participates in educational events and campaigns at seminars,

trainings, conferences, schools, etc. Since the conflict with the Russian Federation broke

out in 2014, the UHHRU has been documenting war crimes committed in the conflict. A

documentation centre about war crimes was established and in December 2021, it was

transferred to the national level at the Ministry of Reintegration as National

Documentation Centre. Since the full-scale invasion in February 2022, it has been

advocating for an international criminal tribunal to prosecute Vladimir Putin and other

main responsible actors of war crimes from the Russian Federation.

Co s ie tious o je tio a d alte ati e se i e

2. In peacetimes, it is possible to serve in alternative service in Ukraine; however, neither

conscientious objection nor alternative service are possible in wartimes due to legislative

restrictions. According to the source, the issue will not be resolved within the nearest

future. It might be solved only on parliamentarian level. The source explained that the

issue on conscientious objection is not solved on a legislative level, as there is no legal

base for exemption on conscientious grounds. (see Article 23 of the Law

O Mo ilisation

Training and Mobilisation

448

)

3. There is no prohibition on exempting persons liable for military service from mobilisation

based on pacifist beliefs during wartime, but the 10 reasons for exemption from

mobilisation do not include the existence of such beliefs. Therefore, there is no actual

legal basis for exempting such persons from mobilisation with reference to this provision.

4. If a person fails to show for military recruitment, it is a violation of the law and it is

considered as a crime. There are several cases under process at the courts involving

conscientious objectors, who do not wish to be mobilised. The source highlighted two

448

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada,

ко к

о о л

Mobilisation Training and Mobilisation],

1993,

url

у п д ото ку т

о л

[La of Uk ai e o

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public cases regarding conscientious objectors; Yurii Sheliazhenko from the Ukrainian

Pacifist Movement and Ruslan Kotsaba, who both are proclaimed pacifists. In both cases,

criminal cases were initiated. In the case of Ruslan Kotsaba, a criminal case was opened

for publicly calling for draft evasion.

5. The source explained that Ruslan Kostaba, who is now in the United States, was a

«political prisoner» in Ukraine, because he refused to join the military on conscientious

grounds, and he initiated a public appeal to avoid military service. The case was

distributed in the media in January 2015 -2016. During the case, he was placed in pre-trial

detention and accused of having committed a criminal offense.

449

6. On the case regarding Yurii Sheliazhenko, the source explained that he proclaimed himself

as a prominent fighter for the right to refuse to serve in the military and he faced criminal

investigations that are ongoing.

7. Only a few cases of conscientious objectors present themselves in public and, in general,

pacifists are not particular visible. The UHHRU generally advises people not to be public in

these cases and avoid accusing the system. Furthermore, a person risks more actions from

the state when speaking out in public, e.g. lengthy placement in pre-trial detention during

the investigation for several months and up to one year as punishment instead of using

home arrest. The source referred to the Ruslan Kostaba case. The authorities have legal

grounds to do so.

8. There are legal guarantees in place, e.g. access to a lawyer and to participate in the

judicial proceedings. The source underlined that individuals have rights, but that the

current level of legislation must be taken into account (for example, the existing ten

reasons for exemption from mobilisation).

E e ptio f o

o ilisatio

9. According to Ukrainian law, it is possible to apply for exemption from mobilisation on

certain grounds. The source mentioned age, health, handicap status, being an only son of

old parents or only one parent of a child below 18 years, having three or more children as

exemption reasons.

10. The UHHRU does not monitor the enforcement of the exemption rules in practice but

stated that the exemption rules, in general, are enforced by the Ukrainian authorities.

However, the source mentioned that there are some irregularities and highlighted a case

of a person with epilepsy, who was mobilised and died in service.

450

According to the

source, it was a scandal in Ukraine and the source assumed that there was an

investigation afterwards.

Media Sapiens,

л е ь-«пол т

2021,

url

450

Suspilne,

ькко т

Оде

August 2023,

url

449

е ь»

ед ед ук

ьк

п оп

д т. Хто т к

е т

у л

Ко

, 28 May

е ко е ту

уть о т

о л о

о о еп леп є

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

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11. On exemption on religious grounds, the source explained that the law allows certain

groups to be exempted or they may serve in special groups in the military, where they do

not carry weapons. There is a unit of chaplains, for example.

Russia o ie ted pe so s

12. Ukrainian citizens, who are Russian-oriented, are mobilised on equal terms as other

citizens.

Dual itize ship

13. The Ukrainian law does not recognise dual citizenship; neither citizenship imposed on a

citizen of Ukraine nor citizenship that has been voluntarily obtained as the other

citizenship is not considered valid in Ukraine. If someone has been imposed Russian

citizenship in Crimea, Donets, Lugansk, Zaporizhzhia or Kherson after 2014 by the

occupation administration and has not formally renounced the Ukrainian citizenship, the

Russian citizenship is not recognised and has no legal value in Ukraine.

14. If a person holds a Ukrainian citizenship, the person can be mobilised to serve in the

military, despite also holding another citizenship. There is as such no difference if the

other citizenship is Russian, Hungarian, Rumanian, Slovak, Israelian etc.

15. The UHHRU is not monitoring if people, who also holds a Russian citizenship, are treated

differently in the military when serving and have no information on this. However, there

are volunteer battalions of other nationalities, e.g. international legions, where there are

Georgian, Chechen, Belarussian and Russian battalions and other battalions created on

national grounds. According to the source, they are treated equally as Ukrainian citizens in

the military. If someone from these battalions deserts from military, there are no specific

rules for processing criminal claims against them. They are covered by Ukrainian

legislation and would be prosecuted according to the rules in the Ukrainian criminal code.

Stateless pe so s esidi g i Uk ai e

16. Stateless persons residing in Ukraine are not subject to mobilisation, as they do not hold a

Ukrainian citizenship.

People esidi g a oad

17. People residing abroad are also subject to mobilisation if they have received a summon to

serve. If they are summoned, they must return to serve in the military. However according

to the source, they will not be punished for draft evasion upon return at a later stage if

they have not returned after having received the summon.

18. People residing abroad have an obligation to register with the consulate where there are

staying, as a kind of protection if they need assistance as a Ukrainian citizen staying

abroad. However, people do not do this in practice, and they are not held responsible for

not complying with the obligation to do so. As far as the source knew, they are not

punished or subjected to administrative procedures for non-compliance with the rules

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he the etu . Fu the o e, to the sou e s k o ledge, the ill ot ha e a

problems in having new documents issued when they are staying abroad.

Re uit e t p o edu es a d fo ed

o ilisatio

19. There is no digitalised system in Ukraine regarding mobilisation to the military. There is a

proposal to include the summon procedure to the existing DIIA system, where all the

digital documents of Ukrainian nationals are held, e.g. passport, driver license and other

documents, however the legislative basis for this has not been introduced. The only

procedure for mobilising people is the current written procedure.

20. Before the full-scale invasion in 2022, almost 30 % of the population did not stay in their

registered places. The place of registration is not reflected in the passport, and someone

can be registered in one region, e.g. Lviv, Ivano Frankivsk or Odesa, because of having

participated in local elections there, but afterwards this person has lived in another

region, e.g. Kyiv, for a long time. According to the source, the number could now be

higher than 30 %.

21. In general, the military commissions will not know where people are residing, because

they only have information on the place of registration. In this regard, they cannot present

them with a summon. A summon to appear before the military recruitment offices must

be presented in person and signed and it cannot be handed over to a relative, at the

workplace etc. If no summon has been presented, the person does not have a legal

obligation to present themselves for mobilisation and therefore they are not considered

evaders. According to the source, many people are avoiding mobilisation, because the

military commissions cannot locate the persons liable for mobilisation as they do not

know where they are residing. If they are stopped on the street by the police, they can

check the military status and hand them a summon to appear before a recruitment office.

The source was not in possession of statistics on how often it happens.

22. The military commissions can hold people in custody and bring them to the military units.

The source provided an example of two colleagues, who were travelling to a conference

for work, but who had not received their permission to leave the country ahead of the

conference. They were stopped on the way and one of them was arrested and held in

custody for two to three days incommunicado. They received summons to appear before

the local military recruitment office to go through the formal procedure for mobilisation

and was brought there. According to the source, it makes no difference who the person is

or whether or not he is a pacifist, as he has an obligation to serve.

23. In some cases, people have been illegally detained and imposed not to leave the place of

residence or the country and brought straight to the military recruitment offices by force.

According to the source, forced mobilisation happens often. The source mentioned an

example where people at a party had their military status checked by the police and were

presented with a summon to appear at the military recruitment office to follow the

procedure, go through medical checks etc. The source also mentioned another recent

example where a Russian-speaking taxi driver got in an argument with a passenger. His

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military status was checked with the military commissions who discovered his military

status, and he received a summon and was taken to the recruitment office.

24. There is proposal to implement an initiative where the military recruitment offices can

receive information on people from their official workplace, so they can be mobilised from

the workplace. The source explained about an initiative to introduce the scheme as an

obligation for the administration of the workplace to provide a list of persons who are

eligible for mobilisation answering a request from the military recruitment offices.

451

Until

now, the source had not received or heard of such a request being sent yet, but it might

happen.

Wo e

25. Women with certain professions are subject to mobilisation, however only

representatives from the public officials or administrators have been subject to

restrictions e.g. a travel ban. The source mentioned representatives from the judiciary as

an example. The source had not heard of women with other professions being mobilised.

Co uptio

26. There are substantial problems with corruption in Ukraine in terms of the mobilisation

procedure. The heads of the military medical commissions have been replaced as a result

of this, but according to the source, this has created an even worse situation.

452

After the

replacement, the number of mobilised persons has dropped, according to statistics. The

source did not know the reasoning behind and had his information from the media. The

source mentioned that the new heads of the commissions have a lack experience and

links in the communities where they work and are not effective like predecessors. The

source was of the opinion that more difficulties had arisen after the replacement of the

heads of the commissions.

European Business Association,

по док еде

ько о о о л ку

, 8 February 2023,

url

452

New Voice,

« от

епопул

».

ль е

ькко

о уть

т — те ' NV Ко те ко

, 24 November 2023,

url

451

п дп

т : де

ть о о

п о л о л

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

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An international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU

Meeti g i K i , No e

I t odu tio

1. The source is an international humanitarian organisation with headquarter in EU, who has

been working in eastern Ukraine since the beginning of the war in 2014 in the

humanitarian field, but also with the development of local communities and support of

civil society organisations, education of young people and the resilience of the conflict-

affected people. Following the Russian invasion in February 2022, the international

organisation has expanded its team to provide humanitarian, financial and psychosocial

assistance throughout the Ukrainian territory.

Updates to legislatio

ega di g

o ilisatio

2. Among the main changes in the legislation regarding mobilisation since February 2022

–

the legislative framework on exemption from mobilisation stipulated in Decree No. 76 of

27.01.2023. Pursuant to decree no. 76, women with specific professions, including those

with medical education, must register for military service by approaching the conscription

centre (without any sanctions for not registering as of now). However, women are still

permitted to exit Ukraine.

The d aft la No

O a e d e ts to so e la s of Uk ai e o i p o i g the

procedure for processing and using data in state registers for military registration and

acquiring the status of a war vete

a du i g a tial la su itted to the Pa lia e t

aims to centralise various databases into one centralised electronic system that would

enable information exchange between state bodies, including information on persons

liable for mobilisation. The Ministry of Defence has declared that the centralisation is a

priority. The draft law was adopted by the Parliament in the first reading on 8 November

2023. As of now it is under preparation for the second reading in a committee of the

Parliament. The source explained that the draft law could be adopted during the second

reading depending on the number of suggestions from the Members of the Parliament.

4. The draft law 10062 provides for the transfer of personal data on citizens aged 17 to 60,

which are contained in various state registers (Tax Service, Ministry of Health, Ministry of

Justice, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Central Election Commission, State Migration

Service and other agencies) to the Ministry of Defence. In particular, the latter will get

access to personal phone numbers and e-mail addresses of conscripts. All relevant

information will be contained in the electronic cabinet of the conscript, which must be

created in accordance with this draft law.

5. According to the source the draft law is supposed to facilitate the exchange of information

between different registers kept by the executive authorities for military purposes,

o ilisatio i pa ti ula . The e isti g DIIA s ste s pu pose is p o isio of ad i ist ati e

services electronically. It is connected to other different registers and can be used to issue

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notices, e.g. a subpoena to court. The source opined that the DIIA system could be used to

send summons to register at the military territorial centres, however the source was not

sure about the binding characters of these. There is concern from members of the

Advocacy Working Group under the Humanitarian NGO Platform in Ukraine (over 100

NGO members) regarding personal data protection pertaining to the centralised database.

The NGOs of the working group are also concerned that, according to the legislation in

force

453

the directors of NGOs and other relevant officials can be held accountable for:



violating the legislation on defence



mobilisation training and mobilisation, in particular, for not submitting to the

district (city) territorial centres of recruitment and social support lists of citizens

who are subject to registration at conscription centres



for hiring conscripts and reservists who are not on the military register



failure to provide notification of conscripts, conscripts and reservists about their

call to the district (city) territorial centre of recruitment and social support



Security Service of Ukraine body, division of the Foreign Intelligence Service, for

obstruction of their timely arrival at assembly points and conscription stations



untimely submission of documents necessary for keeping military records of

conscripts and reservists



failure to submit information about such persons (paragraph 87).

6. The mentioned draft law can bring even more risks. The Office of the Ombudsman has a

department for personal data protection, in which they analyse all draft laws from the

point of view of personal data.

7. There is a discussion in the Parliament regarding the possibility of blocking bank accounts

of persons who received summons for mobilisation and signed it. According to the source,

the adoption of this proposal will make it more difficult for people to avoid mobilisation.

There is a discussion in the Parliament to adopt a provision allowing Ukrainians eligible for

mobilisation to leave Ukraine for a period of time if they pay an amount of money as

guarantee for their return. According to the suggestion, the sum will be added to the

military budget, if the person does not return. In the meantime, the Government adopted

a decree to launch a pilot procedure since 1 September 2023 (EVidriadzhennia), allowing

entrepreneurs (FOPs) and staff of legal entities, complying with certain conditions) to

leave Ukraine for 7 days after paying temporary bail of UAH 200.000,00. The source

referred to an article.

454

8. There has been a change in the legislation regarding deferment of mobilisation for

students. A person enrolled in a higher education can apply for deferment of mobilisation.

Under the announced reform of the mobilisation procedure, it will be possible only for

Ukraine, Cabinet of Ministers,

Resolution, On approval of the Order of organization and maintenance of military

records of conscripts, conscripts and reservists,

30 December 2022,

url

454

Ukraine, Ministry of Digital Tranformation,

The government adopted a resolution that will allow entrepreneurs to go

abroad on business trips,

19 August 2022,

url

453

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students studying for the first time (first time enrolment). If a person enrols for a second

or third higher education, he will not be eligible for deferment. On the website of the

State Border Guard Service (SBGS), students do not have the entitlement to exit Ukraine

even though they are deferred from mobilisation and study abroad.

P ofiles of people

9. The source explained that there are more checks on the streets and in other public places

(gyms, night clubs, checkpoints, including at the entry/exit from the cities/towns/villages),

visits to the offices. In Western Ukraine conscripts often hear negative comments from

the local populations and there are also examples of landlords refusing men to rent an

apartment.

10. On the subject of impact of the lack of exemption procedure for the humanitarian NGOs

and their staff the source referred to a survey conducted in July 2023 by the humanitarian

NGO Platform in Ukraine among NGOs working in Ukraine. The survey result identified

four main issues related to exemption procedures for NGOs:



Inconsistent legal interpretation of Decree 76 and resulting lack of recognition of

NGOs as critical entities: as of July 2023, 32 out of 33 NGOs had still not obtained

the status of critical entity which is necessary to apply for the exemption

procedure. According to representatives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA),

from a legal perspective, Decree No 76 contradicts the Law No 2732-IX which

provides that specifi

hu a ita ia NGOs should e e og ized as iti al .

However, the interpretation of the Decree by the MFA and the Secretariat of the

Ukrainian Government (SoG) is that they are not authorised to recognise the

iti al status of NGOs, ut o l of hu a

itarian projects. The Decree therefore

should be amended to comply with the Law. The source stated that the MFA with

support of the humanitarian NGO Platform developed amendments to the Decree

76 to resolve the issue. The draft is currently being considered by the relevant

ministries.



Incomplete list of humanitarian donors: despite the numerous public

announcements by governments and their implementing agencies of

humanitarian assistance over the course of the 18 months, including publicly

available information of donors contributing to the Ukraine Humanitarian Fund,

the list of app o ed do o s pu lished MFA o

Fe ua

is li ited

and does not include a number of major actors. Of the 33 NGOs that responded to

the survey, only one NGO stated that all their donors are present in the list and

51% said that some of the donors were in the list. The source stated that the MFA

has now recognised the problem, and the NGO platform has provided a list of

donors to the MFA.



Long and unclear procedures: NGOs and UN agencies have reported that the

processes to submit the requests for exemption have been complex, with

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frequent requests for additional documentation or information considered

confidential. Particularly, when NGOs submitted a list of staff to the SoG, the SoG

efe ed the files to the MFA that efused to e og ise the NGOs as iti al . Of

the 33 NGOs who submitted requests, 42% received feedback on their request

and among them, 21% were referred to another authority (usually the MFA); 17%

were requested to provide additional documentation; and 17% did not receive a

response to their submission. This can partly be explained by the fact that

different units in the MFA are responsible for managing the procedures, which

cause additional delays. In light of this, NGOs are concerned that their ability to

deliver humanitarian assistance to the people most affected by the crisis will

continue to be hampered or become extremely limited.



Increase of risks: the current process for registering national and international

NGOs at the centres for staffing and social support carries risk since national and

international NGOs are requested to submit lists of all their staff liable for

mobilisation, which could prompt immediate mobilisation notices for them

handed over through the heads of the NGOs.

11. Ukrainians of conscription age residing abroad are eligible for military service; however,

there are no mechanisms in place to summon them abroad. There are no known sanctions

against Ukrainians staying abroad who are eligible for military service, but according to

the source there are risks when they are back to Ukraine during and after the martial law.

This is also because there is no connection between databases and registers. For instance,

the embassy cannot officially refuse the renewal of a passport of a person who is eligible

for military service, but it is responsible for registering persons liable for military service

abroad (and facilitating their return), so it may require such a registration as a condition

for issuing the new passport (Government Decree on mobilization of December 2022).

However, there is no clarity on this although it may be a possibility. The source opined

that it will be easier to follow the conscripts staying abroad with adoption of the new law

on the unified registry. The source also opined that in this case conscripts will avoid even

more registration in the embassies and may choose to live with the expired passports

illegally, if the risks will be too high.

12. Ukrainians with dual citizenship are solely considered as Ukrainian citizens, according to

the Constitution of Ukraine, and hence they are eligible for military service. However,

those who are enforced Russian citizenship in the occupied territories could be subject to

an unofficial strict background-check by the Ukrainian authorities to investigate if they are

pro-Russian or have connections in some other way to the Russians. The Ukrainian

authorities have been active in investigating persons who support the Russian Federation,

but such practice is not official.

13. Some categories of women are eligible for military accounting - women with medical and

pharmaceutical background. They have to register in the military territorial centres and

can be fined if they do not register, but this provision has not been applied. However,

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regarding mobilisation there is an unofficial moratorium as of now (statements of the

Mi ist of Defe e s offi ials . No o e a e fo efull e uited, so, as it is olu ta to

mobilise. However, the policy and implementation of the legislation in force can change

any time, which make women residing abroad reluctant to return to Ukraine.

14. The source is not aware of other profiles of people beyond persons aged 18

–

60 who are

subject to mobilisation outside of on a voluntary basis.

Re uit e t p o edu es a d fo eful

o ilisatio

15. Generally, it is a uniform procedure that persons eligible for military service are

summoned by receiving a notification letter in person. Following the signature of the

letter, the person is obliged to approach the military recruitment centre on a specific date

mentioned in the summon.

16. There is no centralised registry for military mobilisation. The military territorial centres

have registered information on persons eligible for mobilisation from previous procedures

e.g. registration of address. In addition, the military territorial centres can exchange

i fo atio o i di iduals f o othe autho ities egist ies, e.g. i fo atio f o ta

offices, banks etc., which makes it possible for the military territorial centres to locate

persons liable for mobilisation. The source explained that the other registries are inter-

linked. However, according to the source this exchange of information is not quite

sufficient, which has led to the development of draft law no. 10062.

17. According to the source, people are often stopped to have their documents checked.

There are reports of men being stopped at checkpoints in their cars and taken by force to

a military recruitment centre and they use pressure to make them sign the notification

letter. For instance, there are examples presented in mass media and from official

comments from the law-enforcement authorities of beatings and other measures at

recruitment centres against men refusing to sign to put pressure on them. Once someone

has been brought to the military territorial centres, they have limited options to protect

themselves from forceful mobilisation. According to the source, the cases with physical

violence happen as isolated cases, whereas cases with psychological pressure are more

common, especially when persons are stopped during the checks.

18. There are reports from Odesa, Lviv and Dnipro of forced mobilisation where recruitment

officers have used aggressive force against males travelling in buses or cars and brought

them to military recruitment centres against their will to be mobilised immediately. The

source mentioned an example of a staff member who had been checked many times while

entering Kyiv from the oblast having to show passport or DIAA application even though

the staff member was not eligible for mobilisation.

19. Men fear going to employment centres and apply for legal jobs, as they fear being

mobilised. There is a requirement to be registered at the territorial centre if you apply to

the employment centre. Before hiring a person of conscription age, employers have to

check if this person is registered at the territorial centre and, if not, it may create

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problems, as employers then become obliged to take up functions of accounting

conscripts. Many men, first of all IDPs (as they changed place of residence and have to

has been more prevalent in smaller cities compared to bigger cities. Moreover, NGO

workers have been exposed to forced mobilisation in the southern and eastern Ukraine,

and hence they have been reluctant to travel to these locations. Particularly, technical

staff, drivers and engineers fear the risk. It has been a tendency for the past 5-6 months.

20. According to the source, forced mobilisation is taking place all over Ukraine and is a risk

for all profiles.

Co ditio s du i g

o ilisatio

21. The term of period in the military vary according to the different units and depends on

shortage of staff. Hence, there is no minimum or maximum term of service. It is generally

difficult to be demobilised, and according to the source, no one has been demobilised.

Only wounded soldiers tend to be demobilised, however, there are examples of people

who are discharged from the hospital and immediately mobilised to the front. According

to the source, there has been an unofficial order from the Military Commands that

nobody can be demobilised.

22. Leave of absence is arbitrarily granted. It is commonly known that servicemen must bribe

commanders in order to take leave of absence from the military. Military servicemen

serve for many months without a break even though they are exhausted. Military staff are

rarely granted leaves and they are very short (usually 3 days).

23. There are no minimum standards for conditions during service.

24. In the beginning of the invasion, military servicemen were provided with uniforms and

equipment but nowadays such items often must be acquired on own expenses with

support of the donations. The source emphasised that there are a lot of announcements

on social media to collect money for military equipment. Many soldiers do not have the

proper equipment.

E e ptio

25. In March 2022, the government introduced a decree that enabled humanitarian

organisations to seek exemption for their employees. According to the source, within the

humanitarian NGO Platform in Ukraine consisting of more than 100 NGOs, only two NGOs

managed to secure conscription exemption for their employees. Hence, NGOs

experienced that the exemption procedures did not function. In January 2023, the Cabinet

of Ministers adopted decree No. 76 on the procedure for temporary exemption. However,

the provision contradicts the law, stipulating that NGOs should have the status critically

important for ensuring the vital needs of the livelihood of people, but the decree does not

provide such an

oppo tu it , stipulati g NGOs staff a get e e ptio if the i ple e t

specific vitally important projects funded by international partners (project-based

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approach). Moreover, the possibility to receive exemption is based on funding from

certain donors preventing some NGOs. According to the source, the list approved by the

MFA is very limited.

26. Beyond NGOs, it was the impression of the source that the exemption procedures work in

general, however, there are a number of violations on exemptions in practice. The source

explained that people are still summoned to appear at the military territorial centres to

provide documents on their status, thereby having to protect their rights. There are

examples of violations happening still. It also remains a problem for the NGOs, which

make up a large sector in Ukraine. In addition, enterprises and state servants also face

challenges in receiving exemption status and exempting their staff. The exemption

procedure is generally complicated.

27. Regarding other legal exemption reasons, such as being a father to three or more

children- or having a child with disability, it was the impression of the source that the

procedure works. However, there have been some violations where people have been

summoned with pressure put on them even though they had the exemption document.

28. When presenting the required documents, exemption status is generally granted. There

may be situations where persons with less resources and knowledge are conscripted

despite having the legal exemption reasons. Persons liable for military service have to be

aware of the right to exemption and actively secure the needed documentation in order

not to be summoned.

Co uptio

29. According to the source, corruption is prevalent across all levels of the system and the

source mentioned that there are public scandals every day with corruption at all levels.

30. The most common way to circumvent mobilisation using corruption is by forging medical

documents or by registering a relative as a person with a disability and becoming his or

her guardian. This usually happens through the military recruitment centres or local

medical institutions.

31. According to the source these types of corruption is pertinent to all regions.

D aft e asio a d dese tio

32. Relevant articles of military men, bloggers and other public people, criticising military

draft evaders, appear from time to time in the mass media. In these articles there is a

comparison of the life of the men serving in the Ukrainian army and the people living in

cities such as Kyiv, Lviv etc., going to restaurants, night clubs, denouncing such lifestyle. In

the Western Ukraine there are more negative comments from locals, refusal to rent an

apartment etc. According to the source the negative attitude is prevalent both among

ordinary citizens and local officials.

33. Draft evaders returning from abroad are not met with consequences upon return, as they

have not been properly summoned for mobilisation by signing a notice. The source had

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not heard of Ukrainian citizens residing abroad being presented with a summon for

mobilisation, e.g. through an embassy. Deserters returning from abroad will be presented

with criminal liability upon return.

P o-Russia s

34. Any pro-Russian rhetoric is heavily criticised, including publicly, and is quite dangerous for

any person, not just for military staff or evaders. It can bring interest from the law

enforcement authorities. According to the source, even the use of the Russian language is

not welcomed and criticised and leads to discrimination somehow, especially in the

Western Ukraine. The majority of IDPs are from the south and east and from the Russian-

speaking regions.

International Organisation working in Ukraine

Meeti g, K i , No e

Legislatio

ega di g lo al staff i i te atio al o ga isatio s et .

1. The full-scale invasion and the following introduction of martial law in February 2022

resulted, among many other things, in an uncertainty for the continued functioning of

international

o ga isatio s a d atio al a d i te atio al NGO s. The u e tai t as ot

only related to the local, Ukrainian staff, especially male staff, in risk of being mobilised to

the army, but also related to practical matters such as rental agreements, electricity etc.

2. The introduction of Resolution No. 76 from the Ukrainian Cabinet of Ministers dated 27

January 2023 set a framework and provided more clarity for especially international

organisations and diplomatic representations in Ukraine regarding the situation of their

local employed staff in terms of exemption from mobilisation. It made it possible to

ese e staff …from

enterprises, institutions and organisations that were critically

important for the functioning of the economy and ensuring the livelihood of the

populatio …

(Resolution No. 76

–

see appendix) during martial law.

3. The resolution was important because it was stated that 100 % of local staff of the

international organisations, which are critically important, could be exempted from

mobilisation, if they met the conditions for the exemptions. Before the resolution, there

were no clear provisions regarding the percentage of the local staff that could be

exempted. The resolution set clear instructions for those organisations that are critically

i po ta t fo the fu tio i g of the ou t s e o o a d the li elihood of the

population. It applies to all the UN organisations, foreign diplomatic institutions in

Ukraine, representations of donor institutions, implementers of international technical

assistance projects, representations of international organisations, international and

Ukrainian non-governmental organisations that implement humanitarian projects with the

funds of international partners. As a consequence of the Resolution, the Ukrainian

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) requested all international organizations to submit the

application for reservation of persons liable for military service in accordance with the

revised procedures and appropriate templates.

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4. The source noted that the discussion on exemption already began in July 2022 with the

MFA, but at that time no response was received from the MFA. Since MFA had an

intermediary role, the process took considerable time because the organisation of the

source did not have direct contact with the Ministry of Defence or the Ministry of

Economy etc. The final agreement was based on existing bilateral agreements, which

secured the immunity for international staff. The international organisation working in

Ukraine has since its start of work in Ukraine worked under an agreement with the

government of Ukraine that gives its locally employed Ukrainian staff a certain degree of

protection that correlated the amount of immunity. The important part in the agreement

is that any actions taken by the government or authorities of Ukraine should not

jeopardise the functioning and continuation of the international organisation working in

Ukraine.

5. More than 35 % of the staff in the organisation of the source consisted of local Ukrainian

males, and the international organisation working in Ukraine began the application

process of having them exempted from mobilisation. However, the Ukrainian authorities

did not reply for a long time, even though the international organisation working in

Ukraine followed up on the application regularly. The prolonged waiting caused a lot of

concern of being mobilised among the local male staff. The source was not the only

international organisation who faced this uncertainty and was of the belief that the

pressure of many international organisations working in Ukraine eventually led to the

adoption of Resolution No. 76 in January 2023.

6. The Resolution laid down the exact procedure and provided the format and template to

apply. From the adoption of the Resolution, followed by a collective application for

exemption, it took five months for the approval of all male staff, except for those who did

not have a proper military occupational specialty.

7. The procedure requires that the military occupational specialty of the person applying for

exemption shall be clearly specified in the military registration papers, usually a valid

military card. The absence of a military card continues to have the implication that the

organisation cannot apply for exemption for the person concerned. That person must

approach the military registration office, in which the person is registered, and clarify their

functions. After having obtained the necessary documentation, the person can re-submit

the application for exemption, if he was previously rejected due to a lack of fulfilment of

the document requirements.

8. The application is submitted to UMFA, which subsequently forwards the application to the

Ministry of Defence and the Ministry of Economy. The Ministry of Defence ought to have

10 days and the Ministry of Economy five days to process the application and the total

application process should take 10 days; however, the first round of application took five

months to complete.

Mo ilisatio

ethods

9. In some regions, such as, for instance, the Odesa region, the authorities have been more

active than other regions regarding mobilisation. Public stories described the prevalence

of authorities handing out summons in the streets or in public transportation in some

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regions. In Kyiv, however, there were fewer cases on mobilisation in the streets.

Nevertheless, before receiving exemptions, the local male staff of the international

organisations in Kyiv were worried to be subjected to forced mobilisation.

10. The unclear situation resulted in the local male staff of the international organisations

being hesitant to physically come to the offices, because they feared being summoned on

the streets. However, the organisation of the source drafted a letter to their local staff to

carry with them, stating that the person was in the process of applying for exemption.

Even though it was not an official letter acknowledged by the Ukrainian authorities, its

presence provided some kind of security for the male staff, and the authorities seemed to

respect the letter.

11. The source does not have information on recruitment procedures and forced mobilisation

outside of the example with local male staff working in organisations.

Co uptio

12. The source highlighted that it had not identified any experiences with corruption in the

application procedures of the exemption of their local male staff from mobilisation. The

application procedures have been clear and transparent from the beginning, even though

the first application was pending for five months. The situation affected all international

organisations in Ukraine equally. The official explanation from the Ukrainian authorities

was the high amount of applications being the cause for delay. The process was the first of

its kind and the Armed Forces of Ukraine did not have sufficient capacity to administer

this application process because they needed to crosscheck every person.

13. On the subject of corruption, the source relies entirely on publicly available, open-source

information, such as from the media, social media etc. and is not working with

undisclosed information.

14. Corruption exists in Ukraine, also within the mobilisation process. The source referred to

information from the news in the end of October 2023, where the President stated that

there have been a number of cases of corruption related to avoiding mobilisation where

people have had their registration annulled due to health reasons or simply taken out of

the register and then left the country.

15. According to the source, the procedure at the border has been tightened and more checks

are conducted. However, it depends on who is trying the leave the country. The source

exemplified that it is easier for students to cross the border. At this moment, the State

Border Guard Service (SBGS) is not willing to cooperate with the organisation of the

source on border procedures.

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International Organisation based in Kyiv

Meeti g i K i , No e

1. The International Organisation in Ukraine monitors the human rights situation related to

the armed conflict. The source is not focusing on mobilisation, draft evasion or desertion

in Ukraine during martial law as an area of priority in their human rights monitoring.

Co s ie tious O je tio

2. The Constitution of Ukraine recognises the right to conscientious objection in Article 35,

Paragraph 4. The provisions in the constitution is non-derogable. During the period of

martial law, certain derogations are permitted from the constitution. However, in the

p eside t s de ee o

a tial la , the e is a list of o stitutio al a ti les that a e

derogated or restricted during the period of martial law, but Article 35 on religious

freedom and conscientious objection does not appear on the list. Therefore, there is no

limitation envisaged in the decree on martial law.

3. There is a special law on alternative non-military service, but the law only applies in

peacetime. In Article 1 of the law, there is a sentence stating that the right to alternative

non-military service may be restricted during the period of martial law with an indication

of a period of restriction. However, there is no specific legislation about this restriction. In

this regard, the law permits restrictions, but the restrictions are not provided by the

legislation. The Law on Mobilisation is silent about conscientious objection. Hence, there

is no right to be exempted from mobilisation referring to conscientious objection.

4. There are bylaws on alternative service

455

which are from the 1999 concerning the

application of the implementation of the law on alternative non-military service. An annex

to the resolution of the government lists 10 religious groups that are eligible to apply for

exemption referring to conscientious objections, including Jehovah's Witnesses,

Adventists, Evangelists, International Society for Krishna Consciousness etc. However, the

source does not monitor how the law is applied in practice during martial law and can only

provide information on conscientious objection from a legal perspective. However, from a

legal perspective, since there is no specific legislation stating how the right of

conscientious objection is restricted or should be restricted during martial law, the right to

conscientious objection should still be applied after the introduction of martial law, as

there is no specific legal act stating that the right to conscientious objection is restricted

during martial law.

5. The International Organisation does not monitor if there are any societal negative

attitudes towards people, who refuse to be mobilised. However, the source referred to an

article by the Economist

456

from 1 November 2023 covering an interview with General

Ukraine, Cabinet of Ministers,

On the approval of normative legal acts regarding the application of the Law of

Ukraine,

10 November 1999,

url

456

The Economist,

Uk ai e s o

a de

-in-chief on the breakthrough he needs to beat Russia,

1 November 2023,

url

455

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Valery Zaluzhny, who states that loopholes to evade military service should be closed.

However, the article does not refer to conscientious objectors but the article may give an

indication of the overall atmosphere in regards to circumventing mobilisation. According

to the source, the loopholes mentioned in the article refers to exemptions for students,

men with ill or disable family members etc. as the right to conscientious objection cannot

form basis as an exemption ground.

6. According to the source, there has been a strong and widespread national support for the

military in Ukraine in the society referring to an opinion poll, which indicated that more

than 90 % of the population supports the military. The military is an institution that enjoys

an unusual high level of support. The source referred to following poll

457

and article

458

7. Based on anecdotal evidence, newly mobilised servicemen are attending an introduction

course, in which they are asked to flag their conscientious objections towards bearing

arms etc. In that case, military servicemen are obliged to provide proof that they belong

to one of the churches listed in the annex on the right to alternative service, as mentioned

above, and then presumably the person may be exempted.

E e ptio s f o

o ilisatio

8. The International Organisation does not monitor, if the military authorities generally

respect the rules of exemption from military.

9. With reference to the Constitution of Ukraine (article 65), every person is obliged to

defend independence and territorial integrity of Ukraine, which might require for men to

serve in the military, if they have no exemption ground. As examples of exemption

reasons, the source mentioned having ill or disabled family members, having health

problems, having family members who died in service, having three or more minor

children, teachers at universities and schools etc. The source referred to the Law on

mobilization training and mobilization

459

as the legislative basis. The appeal procedure is a

general procedure of appealing the decisions of state bodies, however, the source did not

have information on how the appeal procedure is if someone is rejected in an application

for exemption.

10. There is also a reservation procedure, where employees from state institutions,

international organisations and other companies can apply to the Ministry of Economy

and General Staff to reserve employees, whose work is essential for the state and the

organisations. In such situation, the Ministry of Economy, if approved by the General Staff,

457

Visit Ukraine,

Elections in time of war and trust in Zelenskyy: how many Ukrainians support the President of Ukraine

now?,

15 October 2023,

url

458

Razumkov,

Citizens' assessment of the situation in the country. Trust in social institutions, politicians, officials and

public figures. Attitudes towards holding national elections in Ukraine until the end of the war,

11 October 2023,

url

459

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada,

ко к

о о л

у п д ото ку т о л

[La of Uk ai e o

Mobilisation Training and Mobilisation],

1993,

url

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can provide the applicants with a general reservation with reference to exemption from

military service for a specific time period.

Mo ilisatio p o edu es a d fo eful

o ilisatio

11. The International Organisation only monitors forceful mobilisation in the occupied

territories by the Russian Federation and not Ukraine since International Humanitarian

Law (IHL) prohibits the occupying power (in this case

–

the Russian Federation) to mobilise

residents of occupied territories. It is a constitutional obligation of citizens to defend

independence and territorial integrity of Ukraine and the authority to mobilise male

citizens is established by law. Therefore, the source does not monitor the mobilisation

methods.

Alte ati e Se i e

12. During peacetime, the duty period of alternative service is 50 % longer than the general

military service. Persons granted alternative service are taking up positions in state

institutions or companies involved in communal services, healthcare, farming or

construction, or they can be engaged with the Ukrainian Red Cross Society. The source did

not have information on how the rules on alternative service was implemented, as the

source has not been monitoring the use of alternative service in the military.

P ofiles of

o ilised people

13. The law on mobilisation governs which profiles that are mobilised to serve in the military.

Generally, women are only mobilised on voluntarily basis and persons under 18 years old

are not being mobilised, however, it is assumed that persons below the age of 24 are not

mobilised as well, In general, the source does not monitor the situation of profiles being

mobilised.

Co s iptio i the o upied te ito ies

the Russia Fede atio

14. The International Organisation monitors the situation of mobilisation of Ukrainian citizens

to the Russian army in the occupied territories. International Humanitarian Law prohibits

the occupying power (in this case

–

the Russian Federation) to mobilise residents of

occupied territories into its armed forces.

15. The International Organisation was not sure to what extent persons are rounded up on

the streets and forcefully brought to the Russian Armed Forces. Some cases of forceful

mobilisation have been documented concerning persons with very specific characteristics.

The source has not established a pattern in these cases at this stage.

16. Generally, Ukrainians in the occupied territories are pressured to take Russian passports,

otherwise they have limited access to healthcare, social services, employment etc. In

practice, obtaining Russian citizenship may then lead to conscription to the Russian Armed

Forces. These procedures were established in Crimea and most likely extended to the

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remaining occupied territories. The imposition of Russian passport and the act of

restricting Ukrainian citizens from accessing medical services, education or opening a bank

account are in itself a violation of IHL. Compelling a protected person to serve in the

armed forces of the occupying power constitutes a grave breach of the Geneva

Conventions.

17. The government of Ukraine has a program for enrolment of Ukrainian citizens who are

already serving in the Russian Armed Forces that grants immunity for prosecution, if they

turn themselves in.

18. There are some cases of Ukrainian POWs in Ukraine, who were mobilised into the Russian

Armed Forces. The treatment of these POWs depends on the situation; some are

prosecuted for treason and some are exchanged back to Russia. According to the source,

the POWs often have the choice to decide whether they wish to be exchanged or undergo

prosecution in Ukraine.

19. Ukrainians with dual citizenship are recognised as Ukrainian citizens according to

Ukrainian law. Hence, from a legal perspective, Ukrainians with imposed Russian

citizenship have the same obligations as all other Ukrainian citizens, including to

contribute to the national defense, as described above.

T eat e t of Uk ai ia s ith p o-Russia

i d-set

20. According to the monitoring of the International Organisation, there are Ukrainian

nationals who are detained and under charges for collaboration with the Russian

federation. However, many Ukrainian nationals have family relations or friendships in

Russia and do not face prosecutions.

21. Pursuant to the Criminal Code of Ukraine, it is criminalised to support the aggressor state.

For instance, posting pro-Russian or pro-Putin content publicly on e.g. social media

accounts glorifying the Russian invasion is subject to prosecution. Overall,

disproportionate punishments are applied to the various provisions of the Criminal Code

relating to national security and collaboration with the Russian Federation. Generally, the

actual punishment is lower than the maximum possible punishment prescribed by the

Criminal Code. The Criminal Code prescribes up to five years of imprisonment for posting

pro-Russian or pro-invasion social media content, but in many cases, the offenders are

sentenced with suspended imprisonment and/or prohibition to take up positions in public

offices. On the other hand, there are examples where minor offences are sentenced with

imprisonment. There are cases of Ukrainian nationals being held for lengthy periods in

pre-trial detention for reposting pro-invasion social media content.

22. Persons charged with national security offences are usually held in separate wards in the

detention facilities for their protection. The source has not observed any serious

conditions of ill-treatment or torture in these facilities but could not rule out the

possibility. The main concern of the source is the use of lengthy pre-trial detention and

the access to a fair trial.

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23. Generally, there is a free legal aid system in Ukraine with access to free legal

representation and guarantees. The cases are processed in the normal criminal procedure

according to the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine. There are no special military courts

or military justice systems. All the cases are considered by general courts with the legal

guarantees and rights available to the defendants as in any other criminal case not related

to the war or national security. Moreover, participation of a legal counsel is mandatory in

all cases concerning especially grave crimes (i.e. those that provide imprisonment for

more than 10 years as a punishment), as well as in cases where the defendant does not

speak Ukrainian or for

in absentia

trials.

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Liubov Velychko, Investigative Journalist

Meeti g i K i , No e

. Liu o Vel hko is a f eela e , ho has o ked o e tha

ea s as a i estigati e

jou alist, ostl o e i g topi s of high-le el o uptio . U de the full-s ale i asio ,

Liu o Vel hko epo ts a out the situatio of the a a d the o uptio elated to it.

She o ks ith the iggest Uk ai ia

edias, a d p odu es te ts a d ideos. Liu o

Vel hko has ee a e e of the Natio al U io of Jou alists i Uk ai e si e

a d a e e of the Ce t e fo the Stud of Co uptio a d O ga ized i e OCCRP

si e

Co uptio

. A o di g to the sou e, o e tha ,

people e e al ead o ilised i to the

Uk ai ia a

du i g the full-s ale i asio . A o di g to statisti s f o politi al

s ie tists, % of Uk ai ia s ha e p o-Russia

i d-sets. These people a e ost i ol ed

i a ti-state a ti ities: sta ti g ith o uptio i state odies, su h as the Mi ist of

Defe e of Uk ai e, the Se u it Se i e of Uk ai e, the Fo eig I tellige e Se i e, et .

, deputies of the p o-Russia pa ties "Oppositio Blo " a d "Oppositio Platfo -

fo Life" e ei ed

a dates i the pa lia e t hi h is . % of the total u e of

deputies

460

. A o di g to the sou e, thousa ds of people t to pa o e to a oid o ilisatio . The

o uptio s he es ost f e ue tl used to e e e pted f o

o ilisatio i ludes

i i g do to s to falsif do u e ts a out health o ditio s o i i g go e

e t

offi ials to falsif do u e ts a out elati es health o ditio . A othe a to a oid

o ilisatio is to a ui e fo ged do u e ts to e it Uk ai e. Fo i sta e, it is o

o to

i e NGOs t a spo ti g ilita e uip e t i e ha ge to e egiste ed as olu tee s to

e a le to e it Uk ai e. A othe less o

o s he e i ludes pa i g o de o t ol

offi e s of the State Bo de Gua d Se i e SBGS to oss the o de . Fi all , it is o

that politi ia s a d state offi ials fo ge i itatio lette s e ui ed fo usi ess t ips a oad

i o de to a oid o ilisatio .

. Most o uptio ases pe tai to the Milita Medi al Co

issio s MMCs , hi h is

u de the o t ol of Milita Re uit e t Offi es oje ko at . Si e the MMCs issue the

health o ditio do u e ts, the a e su je t to o uptio . That is the easo h

P eside t Zele ski epla ed the heads of MMCs to eli i ate the fo ge of do u e ts to

a oid o ilisatio . The sou e e plai ed that the MMCs do ot look at p e ious health

e o ds du i g the e uit e t p o edu e. I stead, the ake thei o health

assess e ts, du i g hi h o uptio is uite p e ale t. Whe

aki g use of o uptio

i su h situatio , the do u e ts issued a e eal, ut the a e issued o false p e ises.

The a ou t of o e to e paid i su h ases a ies.

460

Uk ai e, The Ce t al Ele tio Co

issio ,

Ele tio s to the Pa lia e t of Uk ai e,

Jul

u l

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. The e a e o egio al diffe e es ega di g o uptio s he es.

. Both the pe so , ho issues the fo ged o false do u e ts, a d the pe so , ho p oposes

o e i e ha ge fo fo ged o falsified do u e ts, a e su je t to i i al a d/o

ad i ist ati e lia ilit . The pu ish e ts a e stipulated i a ti le

of the C i i al Code

of Uk ai e.

461

A ti le

of the Code of Uk ai e o Ad i ist ati e Offe ses

462

p o ides fo lia ilit fo

iolatio of est i tio s o e ei i g gifts, iolatio of e ui e e ts fo p e e tio a d

settle e t of o fli ts of i te est, a d failu e to take easu es to o at o uptio .

Most of the sa tio s of these a ti les p o ide fo lia ilit i the fo of a fi e f o

ta -f ee i i u i o es of itize s, as ell as the appli atio to the iolato of a

ad i ist ati e pe alt i the fo of o fis atio of o e e ei ed as a esult of a

ad i ist ati e offe se a d/o the ight to hold e tai positio s o e gage i e tai

a ti ities fo a pe iod of ea .

I the C i i al Code of Uk ai e

463

, i il se a ts ill e pu ished fo o uptio u de the

follo i g a ti les:

A ti le

. B i e of a e plo ee of a e te p ise, i stitutio o o ga isatio

A ti le

. A use of po e o offi ial positio

A ti le

- . A use of autho it

pe so s p o idi g pu li se i es

A ti le

. A epta e of a offe , p o ise o e eipt of a u la ful e efit a offi ial

A ti le

. Offe , p o ise o p o isio of a u la ful e efit to a offi ial

Depe di g o the t pe of a use, it is pu isha le a fi e of

ta -f ee i i u

i o es of itize s o i p iso e t fo up to

ea s ith o fis atio of p ope t .

If ou a e a go e

e t offi ial i ol ed i o upt s he es, the pe al f a e o k

p es i es a p iso se te e a d suspe sio f o taki g up a go e

e t positio fo

ea s. A i ilia p oposi g o e to ha e so eo e fo ge a do u e t to i u e t

o ilisatio is held i i al lia le a d e ei e a p iso se te e. A o di g to A ti le

of the C i i al Code of Uk ai e, illegal t a spo tatio of pe so s a oss the state o de of

Uk ai e is pu isha le i p iso e t fo a te of th ee to i e ea s ith dep i atio

of the ight to hold e tai positio s o e gage i e tai a ti ities fo a te of up to

th ee ea s ith o fis atio of p ope t .

A ti le

. E asio of o s iptio fo ilita se i e, ilita se i e

o s iptio of

offi e s - is pu isha le

est i tio of f eedo fo a te of up to th ee ea s.

do u

462

De e

463

461

ai e,

C i i al Code, A ti le

, Fo ge of do u e ts, sta ps, seals o lette heads, a d sale o use of fo ged

e ts, sta ps a d seals,

Ju e

u l

ai e,

Code of Ad i ist ati e Offe ses, A ti le

, Violatio of the ules fo the use of easu i g e uip e t,

u l

ai e,

C i i al Code,

Ju e

u l

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A ti le

. E asio of o s iptio fo ilita se i e du i g o ilisatio , fo a spe ial

pe iod, fo ilita se i e follo i g the o s iptio of ese ists i a spe ial pe iod is

pu isha le i p iso e t fo a te of th ee to fi e ea s.

A ti le

. E asio of a o s ipt, ese ist f o

ilita egist atio afte a a i g

issued the ele a t head of the te ito ial e uit e t a d so ial suppo t e t e, heads

of ele a t odies of the Se u it Se i e of Uk ai e, ele a t u its of the Fo eig

I tellige e Se i e of Uk ai e, - shall e pu ished a fi e f o th ee hu d ed to fi e

hu d ed ta -f ee i i u i o es of itize s o

o e ti e la ou fo a te of up to

o e ea .

. A pe so lia le fo ilita se i e, ho is dete ted as i ol ed i o upt s he es to

a oid o ilisatio , a ot e o ilised i

ediatel , as the p o edu e is ased o the

ou t de isio . Du i g the p o ess, the a used is pla ed i p e-t ial dete tio aiti g fo

the ase to e p ese ted efo e the ou t. The a used is ot su je t to o ilisatio

du i g p e-t ial dete tio . I

ost ases, suspe ded se te es a d p o atio s a e gi e ,

ut the a used is still lia le fo o ilisatio afte the ou t de isio . Alte ati el , the

o i ted pe so

a e su je t to go e

e t o se atio fo a pe iod of - ea s. If a

pe so is u de o se atio , he a still e o ilised. The sou e is ot a a e of a

ases he e a pe so lia le fo ilita se i e has ee gi e a p iso se te e fo ei g

i ol ed i o uptio to a oid o ilisatio .

. Pe so s, ho a e o i ted a d se te ed fo o uptio , ha e the ight to appeal the

ou t de isio . A o di g to the i te lo uto , the o i ted pe so has a ess to a fai a d

t a spa e t t ial.

Mo ilisatio p o edu es

. It is the o al p o edu e fo e uit e t that pe so s ei g su

o ed e ei e a

otifi atio lette , that ust e sig ed upo e eipt. The lette ust e ha ded o e

ph si all

a ilita offi ial a d a ot e ha ded o e to a o e else tha the

i te ded e ipie t, e.g. th ough a elati e. The e is o ele t o i p o edu e fo e ei i g

a d sig i g the lette . That p o edu e is u ifo a oss the ou t .

. The Uk ai ia

ilita

o ilises diffe e t p ofiles, a o di g to hi h atego ies of

se i es, p ofessio s o e pe tise the e is eeded. Fo i sta e, the ilita is i ha ge of

a list of ps hologists, a d if the e a e pe iods of sho tage, ps hologists a e

o ed. The sou e as ot a a e of the p o edu e fo lo -le el pe so el.

Mo eo e , a tille

e a e o l e uited a o gst those ho hold a ele a t edu atio al

deg ee. The sou e u de li ed that people die i the a

e e da a d that the eed fo

a po e pe sists. Also, people a e useful i othe positio s, o the a e pla ed

i the ese e aiti g fo fu the o ilisatio .

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. A o di g to the sou e, the defi itio of fo ed e uit e t is u lea e ause,

a o di g to the Co stitutio of Uk ai e, it is a o ligatio to a ept o ilisatio he

ei g lia le fo ilita se i e. Co s ie tious o je tio is ot a optio , a d a oidi g

o ilisatio is i i al. I that se se, all o ilisatio is fo ed. The sou e e tio ed

that the e a e e a ples of fo ed o ilisatio a d that ou a ot e e e pted f o

o ilisatio , efe e i g that pe so s lia le fo ilita se i e a ot ish ot to se e

i the ilita . I su h ases, people a e o ilised.

. The e a e e a ples of people ei g su je ted to iole e i elatio to fo ed

o ilisatio , ho e e , it does ot happe ofte .

. A o di g to the sou e, ai l oti ated pe so s e e o ilised i the egi i g of the

i asio . The sou e opi ed that if a se i e a is ot oti ated he ei g o ilised,

s/he ill e o e oti ated th ough e to i g a d t ai i g the ilita o

a de . If

so eo e is elu ta t to ha dle eapo s, the e is a optio to e appoi ted to a diffe e t

positio i the ilita that does ot i lude eapo ha dli g. So e ilita se i e e

ho a e agai st the use of eapo s a e pla ed o the thi d li e.

. O l a s all a ou t of pe so s a e o ilised to se e at the f o tli e.

. So e pe so s ho a e lia le fo ilita se i e a e ade o ilisatio

o i g to

othe to s o add esses tha he e the a e egiste ed. The sou e opi ed that the

ilita does ot spe d thei esou es o sea hi g fo o ete people ho a e hidi g to

a oid o ilisatio . Ho e e , people ill e judged the so iet fo t i g to e ade

o ilisatio . The sou e e e plified that people e all i sulted a d o side ed

o a ds.

. A o di g to the sou e, the le gth of se i e i the a

a ies depe di g o the

pe so s ilita a k. A p i ate soldie a se e fo a a i u of th ee ea s. A ju io

offi e a se e fo th ee to fi e ea s a d a offi e fo fi e to

ea s. A o di g to the

sou e, the e ha e e e tl ee de o st atio s i K i a d othe egio s of Uk ai e

othe s hose so s ha e ee se i g fo . ea u de the i asio . The sou e ade a

efe e e to th ee e s a ti les.

464

Co ditio s

. Milita lea e du i g

p ote tio of ilita

diffe e t t pes of lea

● The ai lea e is o

da s at a ti e.

464

a tial la is egulated the La of Uk ai e A out so ial a d Legal

pe so el a d thei fa il e e s

465

. I the la , the e a e

e fo pe so el a d o ilised ilita :

o e tha

da s pe ea . It is p o ided i pa ts - o o e tha

Suspil e. edia,

Wi es of soldie s f o Te opil de a d o side atio of the ill o de o ilizatio ,

O to e

u offi ial t a slatio ,

u l;

Suspil e. Media,

"It's ti e fo othe s." I D ip o, i es of soldie s de a ded spe ifi te s of

o ilizatio a d otatio s fo soldie s,

No e e

u l;

Esp eso.TV,

I the ities of Uk ai e, the i es of soldie s

ho ha e ee fighti g fo o e tha . ea s held pi kets de a di g de o ilizatio

, O to e

u l

465

Uk ai e, Ve kho a Rada,

La o so ial a d legal p ote tio of

ilita pe so el a d thei fa il e e s,

De e e

u l;

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UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

●

Lea e fo fa il easo s a d fo othe i po ta t easo s - o o e tha

da s.

Lea e fo fe ale se i e e i o e tio ith p eg a

a d hild i th.

Child a e lea e u til the hild ea hes the e age of th ee. If ho e a e is eeded, o

o e tha u til she ea hes the age of si . If oth pa e ts a e ilita pe so el, su h

lea e is g a ted to o e of the at thei dis etio .

● Lea e fo t eat e t i o e tio ith a ill ess o fo t eat e t afte a i ju

o tusio , t au a o utilatio a o di g to the opi io of the ilita

edi al

issio ith p ese atio of fi a ial suppo t. The du atio of su h lea e is f o o e

to fou o ths e ludi g eeke ds . T eat e t a oad a ot e eed

o se uti e

o ths.

. The le gth of the lea e a a i ti e a d f e ue . I p a ti e, it is ge e all diffi ult

to e g a ted lea e f o the ilita , as it a depe d o the elatio ship ith the

a de a d the situatio at the f o tli e.

. Du i g the o ilisatio t ai i g efo e ei g statio ed, se i e e a e ua te ed i

ilita

ases ith asi li i g o ditio s, su h as a ess to sho e a d food.

The e is a detailed o de of the Mi iste of Defe e of Uk ai e

466

o the app o al of the

P o edu e fo e uippi g the A ed Fo es of Uk ai e ith ta le a e, e uip e t a d

i e to fo a ti e.

A o di g to this p o edu e, i additio to u its a d ilita u its of a ti e t oops, the

follo i g a e p o ided: u its a d ilita u its that a e ithd a fo est o e-

fo atio ; fo atio s a d ilita u its that a e e l fo ed a d se t to a ti e t oops;

pa ts ope ati g i the field.

ilita

e ade s a d dese te s

Pu ish e t of

. E asio a d dese tio is pu isha le la as it a o pose a i i al a d/o

ad i ist ati e offe se. A ase o d aft e asio ill go to ou ts a d the pe pet ato is

fi ed

ias o ith a suspe ded p iso se te e f o o e to th ee ea s a d

a e o e su je t to o se atio .

. Dese tio is a i e stipulated A ti le

of the C i i al Code of Uk ai e. It o u s i

the a it a lea i g of the ilita u it o se i e of the pla e of desti atio to dese t

ilita se i e, as ell as failu e to appea ith the sa e se i e i ase of assig e t,

t a sfe , f o a usi ess t ip, a atio o f o a edi al i stitutio . Fo o

itti g

dese tio du i g a tial la , espo si ilit is p o ided i the fo of dep i atio of li e t

fo a pe iod of fi e to t el e ea s.

. A ti le

of the C i i al Code of Uk ai e stipulates that e asio of o s iptio fo

ilita se i e du i g o ilisatio , fo a spe ial pe iod, fo ilita se i e follo i g the

Uk ai e,

т О о о [Mi ist of Defe e], П о т е д е

По дку ко плекту

толо о-ку о

по удо , о л д

е т е З о

С л Ук

оє

the app o al of the O de of

sto ki g ith ta le a e, e uip e t a d i e to of the A ed Fo es of Uk ai e fo a ti e],

O to e

u l

466

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o s iptio of ese ists i a spe ial pe iod is pu isha le dep i atio of li e t fo a

pe iod of th ee to fi e ea s.

. Ge e all , p o-Russia pe so s i Uk ai e a e o side ed as e e ies so iet . Ho e e ,

the high u e of elde l Uk ai ia pe so s ho a e Russia - i ded as the li ed i

Uk ai e u de the So iet-e a a e o e tole ated i Uk ai e. The Se u it se i e of

Uk ai e hold a list of pe so s ho ha e olla o ated ith the Russia s.

. Those ho es aped f o

o ilisatio a d ilita dese te s a e fa ed ith egati e

judge e t f o so iet .

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Legal Hundred

Meeti g, K i , No e

A out the sou e

. The Legal Hu d ed is a NGO that p o ides legal assista e to e e s of the Uk ai ia

a ed fo es a d thei fa ilies. The la e s of the o ga isatio assist o e tha ,

ilita pe so el, ete a s, a d thei fa il e e s e e

o th. The NGO oope ates

ith the UN, the Ge e al Staff of the a ed fo es, the Mi ist of Vete a s Affai s, the

Mi ist of Defe e, a d othe o ga isatio s. Legal Hu d ed as fou ded i

as a

g oup of olu tee la e s o Fa e ook ho p o ided assista e to ou ded pa ti ipa ts

of the Russia -Uk ai ia a i

ilita hospitals. I Ja ua

, Legal Hu d ed as

egiste ed as NGO.

Cha ges to legislatio o e asio of a d dese tio f o

si e Ja ua /Fe ua

. Si e Ja ua /Fe ua

de o ilised f o

ilita

, the e ha e ee

se i e.

othe

ilita

se i e du i g

o ilisatio

ha ges i legislatio o ho to e

ajo

ha ges to legislatio o d aft e asio

. The sou e had o i fo atio o a

a d dese tio si e Ja ua /Fe ua

Re uit e t p o edu es a d fo ed

o ilisatio

. The p o ess of o ilisatio is hea il egulated a d the ilita e uit e t e t es a e

o ligated to follo the legislati e ules. A u ifo

e uit e t p o edu e pe tai s to all

the ilita e uit e t e t es. The sa e e uit e t p o edu e applies fo o ilised

pe so s a d olu tee s. If a pe so has ee su

o ed to appea at the ilita

e uit e t e t e, he has to appea ithi the ti e li it spe ified i the su

o s. A

ust e p ese ted i pe so a d sig ed. If a pe so fails to sho at the ilita

e uit e t e t e afte ha i g ee su

o ed, he a e issued a fi e. A o di g to the

sou e, it happe s i p a ti e. Afte ha i g paid the fi e, the pe so still has to o e to

the ilita e uit e t e t e. The sou e ela o ated that a pe so is p ose uted if he

does ot appea ithi the ti e li it set i the su

o . If it as a su

o to la if

data o u de go a edi al e a i atio , a fi e i the a ou t of to

o -ta a le

i i u i o es of itize s is i posed o the pe so Code of Uk ai e o Ad i ist ati e

Offe ses . If it as a o ilisatio o de , d aft e asio is pu isha le i p iso e t fo a

te of to ea s C i i al Code of Uk ai e .

. If the ilita e uit e t e t es do ot follo the p o edu es of o ilisatio , the

i di idual a ha d i a o plai t. A o di g to the sou e, the p o edu es a e ostl

follo ed i p a ti e. The sou e e plai ed that the e a e diffe e t p o edu es o ho to

o i di iduals fo o ilisatio , ut the sou e had o o e i fo atio o these

p o edu es.

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. Fo ed o ilisatio is o e p e ale t p ese tl , ea s i to the full-s ale i asio tha

p e iousl . A o di g to the sou e, the e a e e a ples of people ei g fo ed i to

o ilisatio usi g iole e, ut these ases has ot ee p o ed. Legal Hu d ed ha e

e ei ed alls f o elati es of o ilised pe so s, ho lai that thei elati e ha e ee

fo efull o ilised, ut the e is a la k of do u e tatio a d a ess to it esses i these

ases. The sou e e tio ed that the e a e ases i the edia as ell, ut that the ases

a e ot al a s he ked.

. Rega di g egio al diffe e es i fo ed o ilisatio , the sou e had hea d of o e

e a ples f o the este pa t of Uk ai e; ho e e , the i fo atio has ot ee

e ified. The sou e e tio ed that the e a e also e a ples of fo ed o ilisatio i the

easte pa t of Uk ai e, a d the sou e as of the opi io , that the p e ale e of fo eful

o ilisatio is the sa e a oss the egio s.

. The sou e k e of people ho ha e ee ou ded up o the st eets to ha e thei

ilita status he ked afte hi h the ha e ee p ese ted ith a su

o to appea at

the ilita e uit e t e t es ith all thei do u e ts fo o ilisatio .

Statisti s o

o ilised pe so s

. The e a e o offi ial statisti s o the u e of pe so s o ilised to se e i the

Uk ai ia a

as it is o side ed a state se et. A o di g to the sou e, the Uk ai ia

p eside t a d othe politi ia s had a ou ed that so e he e et ee – .

illio

had ee

o ilised to the a

, ut the e a t offi ial u e has ot ee dis losed.

. Rega di g egio al diffe e es i

o ilisatio , the sou e e plai ed that it is diffi ult to

get a a tual o e ie of f o

he e people a e o ilised. Legal Hu d ed e ei es alls

o thei legal hotli e f o all the egio s a d, a o di g to the alls, the see o e people

o ilised f o so e egio s tha othe s. The e is also a diffe e e i the u e of

pe so s o ilised i igge a d s alle ities. I the s alle ities, the e a e ot as a

people as i the igge ities a d the ilita e uit e t e t es k o

ho to o ilise as

opposed to the igge ities he e it is o e diffi ult fo the ilita e uit e t e t es

to fi d the i di iduals ho should e o ilised. The sou e did ot elie e that the e is a

diffe e e i the u e of o ilised people he looki g at the diffe e t egio s.

Pe so s esidi g a oad

. Me a d e tai o e ith a spe ifi p ofessio li i g a oad a e o ligated to app oa h

the Uk ai ia e ass i thei ou t of eside e a d egiste thei ilita e o ds so

the a e alled fo ilita se i e, if eeded. Ho e e , a o di g to the sou e, ost

people fail to sho at the e ass fo egiste i g a d it is diffi ult to lo ate the . The

e assies p o ide the i fo atio to the ilita e uit e t e t es, ut the sou e as

ot a a e of the details of the p o edu e afte this.

Fo eig

atio alities esidi g i Uk ai e

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UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

. Fo eig atio alities esidi g i Uk ai e a e ot su je t to o ilisatio , as the do ot

hold a Uk ai ia itize ship. Fo eig atio alities a joi the ilita , ut o l o a

olu ta

asis afte ha i g sig ed a o t a t. The sou e e tio ed that the e a e a lot

of fo eig e s se i g i the Uk ai ia a

o a olu ta

asis, a d that the a e

espe ted e ause the fight agai st the Russia Fede atio .

Dual itize ship

. A pe so ith dual itize ship is o l e og ised as a Uk ai ia itize a d is the efo e

su je t to o ilisatio despite of also holdi g a othe itize ship. This pe tai s to all dual

itize s. The sou e dou ted that the ilita e uit e t e t es he k e e od fo

dual itize ship.

e o d the age atego

. A o di g to the la o o s ipts, e et ee the age of - a e su je t to egula

o s iptio i pea e ti es. Du i g a tial la , the ules of o s iptio a e ot i effe t.

I stead, e , ho ha e ea hed the age of , a e o ilised. Me ou ge tha

ot o ilised, u less the ha e p e iousl ee o s ipted a d the efo e ha e ilita

t ai i g o e pe ie e; a d also i ases he e the pe so as t a sfe ed to the list of

o s ipts fo e tai easo s health, et . . Ho e e , the a still sig up fo o ilisatio

o a olu ta

asis. The a e ot allo ed to lea e Uk ai e despite of ei g outside the

age fo o ilisatio a d ot ha i g sig ed up o a olu ta

asis.

. Me e o d the age of a e ot o ilised. Ho e e , the e a e e a ples of people ho

o ti ue to se e o ho joi the a

o a olu ta

asis afte ha i g tu ed .

Stateless pe so

esidi g i Uk ai e

. Stateless pe so s esidi g i Uk ai e a e ot su je t to o ilisatio , as the do ot hold a

Uk ai ia itize ship. As ith fo eig atio alities, stateless pe so s a joi the ilita ,

ut o l o a olu ta

asis afte ha i g sig ed a o t a t.

Wo e

Wo e ho ha e a ui ed a edi al o pha a euti al spe ialit a e e essa il i luded

i to the ilita e o ds a d a the efo e e o ilised, as e e od i the e o ds a e

su je t to o ilisatio . Wo e of othe spe ialities, fo e a ple, the sou e e tio ed

he ists, e gi ee s, o pute e gi ee s, iologists, food te h ologists, a e i luded i to

the ilita e o ds o l at thei o

ill. Fe ale do to s a d pha a ists a e e tio ed

i the La of Uk ai e "O Milita Dut a d Milita Se i e". The list of othe spe ialties

is i the O de of the Mi ist of Defe se of Uk ai e dated . .

No.

. A o di g to the sou e, o ilisatio of o e is o

o l ot e fo ed i p a ti e, ut

the e a e e a ples of o e ei g o ilised o a o - olu ta

asis afte Fe ua

, he e o ilisatio as i itiated.

E e ptio f o

o ilisatio

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

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. A o di g to Uk ai ia la , it is possi le to appl fo e e ptio f o

o ilisatio o

e tai g ou ds. The sou e e tio ed health easo s, ha i g si k elati es a d ha i g

th ee o o e hild e as e e ptio g ou ds.

. A e atego of e e ptio s g ou ds has ee i t odu ed i Ma /Ju e

pe tai i g

to i di iduals, ho ha e had a fa il e e die i o at, e.g. a fathe o a othe .

This atego also has i flue e o ho a e de o ilised f o the a

as ell a d

e e pted f o

o ilisatio . The sou e stated that the p o edu e o this ostl o ks i

p a ti e a d that the ha e ot hea d of a p o le s.

. A appli atio fo e e ptio

ust e ha ded i du i g the o ilisatio p o edu e a d

efo e the fi al de isio to o ilise so eo e has ee

ade. The p o ess of o ilisatio

a e lo g.

. Afte a de isio of o ilisatio is ade, it is diffi ult to e e e pted. I su h a situatio ,

the ase ust e p ese ted i ou t. Ho e e , a o di g to the sou e, it is also possi le

to e e e pted outside of ou t afte ha i g ee

o ilised e.g. if a soldie e a e a

fathe fo the thi d ti e. I su h a situatio , the lai fo e e ptio

ust e ha ded i

to the o

a de of the soldie , i l. p oof of the lai . The p o essi g ti e is usuall a

ouple of eeks. The e a e e a ples of the ules o e e ptio ot ei g follo ed i

p a ti e the o

a de s. Legal Hu d ed ha e e ei ed alls f o i di iduals ho

lai that thei ights ha e ee iolated i the e e ptio p o edu e. I su h a ase, it is

possi le to ha d i a o plai t to the highe o

a de i ha ge o i ou t. The sou e

stated that the e a e se e al p o le s fa ed i the ilita du i g the e e ptio

p o edu e e.g. e ui e e ts of do u e ts that a e ot e essa , i o e tl

i te p etatio of the o s of legislatio et . The e a e also situatio s he the

do u e ts su itted to the ilita a e lost a d this dela s the e e ptio p o ess, si e

e e thi g has to e sta ted f o the egi i g.

. A o di g to the sou e, ules of e e ptio is ostl espe ted, ho e e , the e e e

e a ples of the heads of the ilita e uit e t e t es ho oke the la to o ilise

people. It is ot a s ste ati p o le , ut it happe s ofte . Fo e a ple, the a efuse

to g a t a defe e t f o

o ilisatio ithout app op iate g ou ds. I additio , at the

egi i g of the full-s ale i asio , o ilisatio took pla e ithout o du ti g a edi al

e a i atio of the o s ipts, ut o the situatio has i p o ed. The sou e e plai ed

that the e a e egio al diffe e es i ho the ules a e follo ed the ilita

e uit e t e t es i p a ti e. I u al te ito ies the e a e o e e a ples o the ules

ot ei g follo ed as people ha e less i st u e ts to p ote t thei ights o pa ed to

people li i g i the igge ities a ess to la e s, edia i ol e e t et . . The sou e

e tio ed that Legal Hu d ed had e ei ed ost lai s of ights ot espe ted i th ee

spe ifi ilita e uit e t e t es i the este pa t of Uk ai e. Legal Hu d ed otified

the Mi iste of Defe e, ho isited the e t es to i spe t the situatio , hi h led to a

ha ge.

Defe

e t of

ilita

se i e

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. The e ha e ee o ajo ha ges i legislatio si e Ja ua /Fe ua

defe e t of ilita se i e. A o di g to the sou e, the e has ee i t odu ed a ouple

of d aft la p oposals, ut o e e e oted i pa lia e t o sig ed the p eside t.

. Whe e ei i g the status of defe ed f o

ilita se i e, a do u e t that states the

legal ight of defe e t is issued. If the defe e t is ased o o k, the do u e t is

issued the Mi ist of E o o i s. If the defe e t is ased o studies, the do u e t is

issued the Milita o

issio s.

. A o di g to the sou e, the ules o defe e t a e ge e all

ho e e , the e a e e a ples of the opposite.

espe ted i p a ti e;

. The e a e egio al diffe e es i ho the ules a e follo ed the ilita e uit e t

e t es i p a ti e i the sa e a as the ules of e e ptio s. I u al te ito ies, the e

a e o e e a ples o the ules ot ei g follo ed.

Co ditio s du i g

ilita

se i e

. The la o

o ilisatio does ot egulate fo ho lo g people ust se e i the ilita

du i g a tial la . A o di g to the sou e, the e e e a

u ou s o this, ased o

i fo atio f o the o ilisatio i

, he e people se ed fo up to a ea a d

a half, ut the e is o offi ial i fo atio o the le gth of se i e. I

, the

p eside t of Uk ai e de ided the le gth of ilita se i e. The sou e had o i fo atio

o people ei g de o ilised at p ese t da .

. The o

a de s assess hi h ilita p ofessio s the eed a d de ide he e people

should se e. The e is a a ge of diffe e t fu tio s i the ilita , hi h eeds to e

staffed. Whe de idi g ho should take up a positio at the f o t, the o

a de s assess

hi h se i es a e eeded, e.g. g ou ds soldie s, a tille ists et . The sou e e plai ed that

people a e o ilised a o di g to thei e pe tise a d spe ialisatio , e.g. to the ai fo es

o to the g ou d fo es, a d ot to the f o t pe se. The e a e otatio s i attalio s

se i g at the f o t a d the sa e p ofessio s u e tl se i g at the f o t li e a also e

pla ed i a ese e aiti g to se e at the f o t late . The e is o appeal optio o the

pla e e t of se i e. If so eo e efuses to follo o de s o pla e e t, it is o side ed a

i e that is pu isha le la .

. Co s ipts ha e the ight to take lea e f o se i e i e tai situatio s. A o di g to the

sou e, the e a e th ee t pes of lea es. a ual lea e, lea e fo fa il easo s, e.g. if

so eo e gets a ied o a e hild is o , if the eed edi al t eat e t. It is ot

possi le to go o lea e f o se i e e ause of e haustio . E e od is e hausted,

e ause the ha e ee spe di g a lot of ti e at the f o t li e. The otatio s i attalio s

a e used to a o

odate this e haustio . The ilita o

a de de ides if a

se i e a a e allo ed to take lea e, ased o o e of the th ee a o e- e tio ed

g ou ds. The take i to a ou t the u e of people se i g i thei attalio he

aki g the de isio if so eo e a take lea e. The e is o appeal optio if a appli atio

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to go o lea e is eje ted the o

a de s. A o di g to the sou e, the s ste

ho e e , the e a e so e aiti g ti e afte appl i g.

o ks;

. Milita t ai i g is a dato fo pe so s o ilised, ut the le gth a d atu e of t ai i g

depe ds o p e ious ilita e pe ie e as a people ha e al ead ee th ough

ilita t ai i g du i g o s iptio . Du i g a tial la , the t ai i g is ge e all sho te

o pa ed to t ai i g i pea e ti es . Ho e e , a o di g to the legislatio , pe so s

ho ha e ot p e iousl o pleted ilita se i e ust o plete a ou se of asi

ilita t ai i g lasti g at least o e o th. Legal Hu d ed has e ei ed a

o plai ts

f o people stati g that the ha e ot e ei ed e ough ilita t ai i g; ho e e , it is the

i p essio of Legal Hu d ed that the t ai i g p o edu e is ostl o plia t ith the la .

. The sou e had hea d of pe so s o ilised o plai i g a out the o ditio s du i g

se i e, des i i g the o ditio s as ho i le, hile othe s stati g that the o ditio s a e

as to e e pe ted i the a

. Du i g se i e, the e is a ess to food; edi i e et . a d

the pe so s o ilised a e ua te ed du i g se i e. Qua te i g o ditio s i te s of

housi g depe ds o the a ea, i hi h the a e statio ed. I so e a eas the li e i old

apa t e t uildi gs, hile i othe a eas the a e li i g i t e hes, the fo est et . e.g. i

the Bakh ut a ea. It is also a atte of safet . The e a e ot e ough eapo s,

u itio a d u ifo s p o ided i the ilita , a d the efo e se i e e

ust u

thei o u ifo s, as the a e o l p o ided ith o e u ifo fo su

e a d o e fo

i te . The sou e e tio ed that olu tee s olle t o e to assist the se i e e i

u i g the p ope ga e ts. Volu tee s also p o ide food to the soldie s se i g i the

ilita .

. Legal Hu d ed ofte e ei es o plai ts f o se i e e , ho ha e ee ph si all

a used thei o

a de s du i g se i e. The sou e stated that it is ot a s ste ati

p o le , ut it happe s. A o di g to the sou e, it happe s ostl to people, ho a e

ge e all stig atised i the so iet , e.g. people f o the LGBT o

u it a d othe

atio alities, e.g. Ro as. The e a e also e a ples of people elo gi g to these i o ities,

ho a e t eated ell i the ilita a d the sou e is ot of the opi io that the e is

s ste ati dis i i atio agai st i o ities i the ilita . To the sou e s k o ledge,

the e is o dis i i atio i the ilita agai st people, ho a e pe ei ed as p o-Russia

e ause of thei pla e of o igi o dual itize ship. It e ists et ee i ilia s, ut ot i

the ilita .

. It is possi le to ha d i a o plai t of a use to a highe o

a de , ut i

ost ases, a

i estigatio is ot i itiated as highe o

a de s do ot ish to do so. It is also possi le

to ha d i a o plai t to the ilita poli e. Legal Hu d ed has p oposed to the hief

a de s that people, ho ha e ee i ti s of e.g. se ual ha ass e t i the ilita ,

should e a le to all the Ge e al Staff of the a ed fo es, as the o plai t p o edu e at

the highe o

a de s does ot al a s o k, hi h is a p o le . Fu the o e, the

sou e spe ified that the i fo atio i the o plai t ill e sha ed ith the o

a de

i uestio

the highe o

a de , so he ill e i fo ed that so eo e has i itiated a

o plai t ase agai st hi .

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UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

D aft e asio a d dese tio

. Legal Hu d ed ad o ated agai st la a e d e t o.

f o Ja ua

ega di g the legal lia ilit of ilita offe es o

itted du i g a tial la i t odu i g

ha she pu ish e ts fo se i e e du i g a tial la . Legal Hu d ed e pe ted that

i i al ases agai st se i e e ould i ease e ause of the la . Befo e the la

a e d e t as passed, pu ish e ts fo d aft e asio a d dese tio he e suspe ded.

As i i al ases a e usuall i p o ess fo - ea s, the e has ot ee e ough ti e to

e aluate o the la a e d e t s effe t i p a ti e, ut the sou e has hea d of e a ples

of pu ish e ts ei g suspe ded also afte the la a e i to effe t. A o di g to the

sou e, the ha de pu ish e ts ill ot i flue e people s de isio to e ade o dese t

ilita as the la o this as also e st i t efo e the la a e d e t.

. All ou t de isio s a e pu lished i Uk ai ia , ut to the k o ledge of the sou e , the e is

o olle tio ith statisti s i these ases.

. The sou e had ot hea d of egati e so ietal attitudes o ep isals f o the o

u it

agai st d aft e ade s o dese te s. I the egi i g of the a , a

e e i p iso ed

e ause the did ot a t to joi the ilita , ut the e e e e tuall eleased a d e t

to fight i the a afte hi h the e e still espe ted i the o

u it . The sou e also

e tio ed that the o

u it ould usuall ot ha e i fo atio o people, ho ha e

dese ted f o

ilita se i e, as the pe so hi self a d his ilita olleagues o l k o

this.

Co uptio

. Legal Hu d ed has ot fo used o olle ti g statisti o the le el of o uptio i the

ilita , ut the ha e e ei ed so e o plai ts o o uptio o thei legal hotli e. The

o plai ts e e ostl ega di g the MMCs a d thei de isio s du i g the o ilisatio

p o edu e. A o di g to the sou e, su h o plai ts a e o

o a d the e a e o

egio al diffe e es, as it happe s e e

he e. The e a e also e a ples of o plai ts o

o uptio i the ilita e uit e t e t es.

. A o di g to the sou e, the p o le of o uptio i the ilita

edi al o

issio s

e e dis ussed at the highest politi al le el a d i estigated

ele a t a to s. The heads

of the MMCs a d the heads of the ilita e uit e t e t es ha e ee ha ged to

p e e t fu the o uptio . This ha ge has led to people ei g af aid to pa a i e to the

e heads of the ilita

edi al o

issio s, as the fea i estigatio . All pa ties

i ol ed i a o uptio ase ill e p ose uted.

. The e is o spe ial p ose utio p o edu e o o uptio du i g a tial la . C i es elated

to o uptio a e pu ished e ha d, a d ild se te es a e ot used i o uptio ases.

Co s ie tious o je tio a d alte ati e se i e

. A o di g to the sou e, the e a e diffe e t opi io s a out o s ie tious o je tio i the

Uk ai ia so iet . So e elie e that i su h a diffi ult ti e fo the ou t , e e o e is

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UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

o liged to defe d it. Ho e e , the e is a othe atego

opi io a d ho do ot o de

o je to s.

of people ho ha e a diffe e t

. The sou e opi ed that the e a e o so ietal egati e attitudes o ep isals agai st

elati es of o s ie tious o je to s.

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

Ukrainian Non-Governmental Organisation

Meeti g, Uk ai e, No e

A out the sou e

1. The Ukrainian local NGO that has worked in Ukraine with among others distributing

humanitarian aid from international partners to refugees, asylum seekers and internally

displaced persons (IDPs). It has offices in Ukraine and its neighbouring countries and work

with monitoring, conduction of surveys and providing legal assistance.

Legislatio

2. According to the source, the main changes in the legal framework on mobilisation since

August 2023 relate to increasing the degree of involvement of people with disabilities and

certain diseases in mobilisation. Until 18 August 2023, when the order "On Approval of

Amendments to the Regulation on Military Medical Examination in the Armed Forces of

Ukraine

467

" was introduced, people with disabilities were generally not considered to be

subject to mobilisation and were therefore exempt from it. However, the guidelines of

the Military Medical Commissions (MMC), which define the criteria for disability in health

assessments, were amended in September 2023.

3. The source exemplified that before April or May, a person missing a smaller limb, e.g. a

finger or similar, would have been categorised as a person with disability and therefore

exempted from mobilisation. After the specification of the rules, such a person would be

considered eligible for mobilisation.

Similarly, people, who lost an arm or a leg during battle, was exempted from further

service and demobilised before the rules on determining the criteria of disability was

specified. However, after the specification of the rules a person is obliged to return to

military service after rehabilitation, despite of having lost a part of a vital limb, e.g. an arm

or a leg during battle.

4. The changes also apply to certain illnesses that previously would have led to exemption

from mobilisation, such as diabetes, certain heart conditions etc. A full list of changes is

described in the Order "On Approval of Amendments to the Regulation on Military

Medical Expertise in the Armed Forces of Ukraine

468

" of 18.08.2023. According to the

source, people with certain illnesses are now considered eligible for mobilisation,

however, the person will not go to the frontline, but perform other military tasks such as

transportation, office work etc.

5. According to the source, the MMCs are actively enforcing the new regulations.

Uk ai e,

те т о О о о [Mi ist of Defe e],

к №

, о т е д е

оло е

п о

ько о-л к ьку ек пе т у

[O de No.

, O the app o al of the Regulatio o

military medical examination in the Armed Forces of Ukraine],

14. August 2023,

url

468

Uk ai e,

те т о О о о [Mi ist of Defe e],

к №

, о т е д е

оло е

п о

ько о-л к ьку ек пе т у

[O de No.

, O the app o al of the Regulatio o

military medical examination in the Armed Forces of Ukraine],

14. August 2023,

url

467

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UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

6. In January 2023, another amendment to the legislation was introduced, which reduces the

ability of public officials to cross the border, e.g., representatives of the authorities and

representatives of regional, city and village councils. In general, if a person works as a

mayor, deputy mayor, or similar, it is almost impossible to cross the border and leave the

country. According to the source, after the amendments to the legislation, it is only

possible to obtain a business trip abroad from the state institution where the person

works.

7. Furthermore, the rules on reservation of employees from international organisations,

allowing employees to be exempted from mobilisation while employed by the

organisation, became stricter. The source is working as an implementation partner that

falls under the exemption criteria in Resolution No. 76 of the Cabinet of Ministers. The

resolution lists the types of organisations and NGOs that can be granted the permission of

exempting male staff from mobilisation. However, according to the source, the resolution

is not enforced in practice, and the resolution induces challenges. Even though a year has

almost passed since the resolution was introduced, the exemption status of the

organisation is still pending. This makes the work of the organisation challenging and

problematic, because a large part of the work consists of monitoring, advising and

consulting, which requires a movement across regions. Almost on weekly basis, the

military holds back employees at checkpoints between regions to inspect specific

documents. This procedure causes problems for the employees. There are examples of

people being brought to the military offices as well. According to the source, the same

problems are uniform across NGOs

a d a e ot e lusi e fo the sou e s o ga isatio .

8. According to the source, even UNHCR has been exposed to the same level of challenges;

they had their employees reserved for exemption in autumn 2023, although the

resolution is from February 2023.

9. Following the adoption of the resolution, the ministries and public officials did not have a

structure in place and did not have the capacity to process all the applications of

reservations from the international organisations and NGOs, even though high-level

government officials expressed a political goodwill to resolve the issue.

However, from autumn of 2023, the handling the applications seems to proceeded more

smoothly, and the ministries seem to have increased the knowledge and capacity, at least

for the international organisations, such as UNHCR.

10. Nevertheless, there are some fundamental challenges pertaining to the NGOs, specifically,

due to wording of the resolution. For instance, in the resolution it is stated that the staff

eligible for exemption must have a contract for a minimum of six months. However, most

NGOs sign contracts expiring at the end of the year, which make up less than six months, if

someone is employed after mid-year. Consequently, organisations cannot send an

application for exemption to the ministries, as it would not be approved, because the staff

would have contracts with less than six months duration.

11. This clearly affects the work of NGOs, especially those operating in border regions where

checkpoints are more frequent. The military often does not allow staff to check military

documents. If any discrepancies are found or if the documents provided are questioned,

the documents will be subjected to a comprehensive scrutiny. In this case, the employee

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UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

may have to come to the Territorial Recruitment and Social Support Centre (TRC). After

February 24, 2022, every male person aged 18-60 had to update their military registration

data, but the majority did not do it, and this is one of the reasons for referring people to

the TRCs. The source explained that it is a big loss for organisations when employees with

certain knowledge or working in a crucial position, such as project managers, are

mobilised at the checkpoints. It is about the fact that the personnel of the organization (as

well as all men) are checked during the performance of their official duties.

12. Last winter, the primary risk pertaining to the operationalisation of NGOs consisted of

electrical blackouts that could delay the work of the NGOs. This year, the NGOs are

working with a constant threat of mobilisation of its male employees. For instance, the

source mentioned an example of a driver of the NGO who was apprehended during his

lunch break at a restaurant and mobilised to serve in the military. In the evening, while

the driver was waiting to be escorted in a bus from the local recruitment office to the

military barracks, he managed to contact the lawyer of the organisation who advised that

the mobilisation procedure was illegal and thereby could secure his release. However, the

remaining people in the bus were not released because they did not have any legal aid at

hand. According to the source, this example is a symptom of something happening on a

broader level.

13. The problems of forceful and arbitrary mobilisation are not exclusive for the NGOs, but is

widespread for the whole society.

Do u e t e ui e e ts

14. According to the source, news are circulating in the medias reporting that changes in the

document requirements for border crossing will take place. However, the source did not

notice any major changes in the requirements. NGOs that are providing counselling to

people on border crossing are often limited in their capability to offer proper advice on

the document requirements, as the authorities have one set of rules based on publicly

available resolutions and another set of internal guidelines or regulations that are not

disclosed for the public. Consequently, people who aim to cross the border are sometimes

denied crossing because they are not in possession of the documents required by the

authorities. These people along with the NGOs consulting them are inadequately

informed about the document requirements.

Digital

o ilisatio

15. There have been public discussions on the digitalisation of the mobilisation procedure.

The public debate centres on the argument that persons liable for military service may be

hindered from avoiding mobilisation with a digital system in place, as is the case presently.

However, it has not been approved nor implemented at the time of this meeting.

However, according to the source, the discussions induce concern amongst the young

population in Ukraine, who tend to hide at home being afraid to go out at night and leave

the region, as they fear being stopped at checkpoints between the regions.

Mo ilisatio of o e

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16. Pursuant to Article 37 in the la On Military Duty and Military Service

469

, all women with

a medical or pharmaceutical education, e.g. pharmacists, doctors, health personal etc.,

are obliged to register at the military recruitment offices. However, in practice, women

are not required to do active military service; they can join only on a voluntary basis.

17. The process of registration is handled by the workplace, who must provide information on

female staff to the military recruitment centres. If the workplace fails to register a woman,

there are in practice no repercussions for the person itself. However, the workplace risks

being charged for committing an administrative offence for not registering the person.

et ee the age of

18. According to Article 15 of

the La

On Military Duty and Military Service

470

, all men

between the age of 18 and 60 are liable for mobilisation. Beyond that age category, no

one is liable for mobilisation and it can only take place on a voluntary basis.

19. The source pointed to the special regulations for men between the age of 18 and 27. Due

to the martial law and the mobilisation announced on 24 February 2022, regular military

service (conscription) is suspended for males aged between 18 and 27.

This means that men aged between 18 and 27 are not mobilised, unless he had already

completed military service (conscription) before 24 February 2022. In such a case he

would have been transferred to the register of reservists and, thus be eligible for

mobilisation.

20. Students attending a higher education is offered the possibility to sign up for so-called

military classes as an additional and voluntary part of their education. If a person

completes the military training as part of the education, that person will be transferred to

the register of reservists as junior officer and, thus be eligible for mobilisation.

Female students also have the right to study at military departments and receive the same

military rank as male students. Mobilisation is mandatory for people who have been

trained at a military department, regardless of their gender, as they are liable for military

service.

21. Nevertheless, neither of the above-mentioned categories are allowed to leave the country

during martial law.

22. The source did not have any knowledge about the number of people that has been

mobilised.

People esidi g outside of Uk ai e

23. The source did not have any information about the situation of mobilisation of Ukrainian

nationals permanently residing outside Ukraine. According to the source, there has been a

political discussion about this subject. Allegedly, the topic has been brought up in bilateral

discussions between the president of Ukraine and the neighbouring countries. However,

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada,

ко к

ько

о о

ок

Duty and Military Service],

1992, latest amendment 12 January 2023,

url

470

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada,

ко к

ько

о о

ок

Duty and Military Service],

1992, latest amendment 12 January 2023,

url

469

ько у лу

[Law of Ukraine on Military

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the source believed that no Ukrainian national residing outside Ukraine has been

summoned. However, the source would not exclude that if a Ukrainian national was part

of a criminal investigation, he could risk deportation to Ukraine following mobilisation.

Fo eig

atio als a d stateless pe so s li i g i Uk ai e

24. Foreign nationals living in Ukraine are not subject to mobilisation. The only way they can

join the Ukrainian military is on a voluntary basis.

25. According to the source, stateless people cannot be summoned to mobilisation, since they

do not have any legal documents. The source mentioned an example of a person who

neither had passport nor identification documents, but who was still summoned to appear

at a recruitment office. However, since the person did not have any documents, it was not

possible for him to be mobilised.

Dual itize ship

26. The source stated that Ukrainians with dual citizenship are liable for mobilisation. Ukraine

does not recognise dual citizenships, thus such persons are only considered Ukrainians by

the authorities.

27.

The sa e applies he a pe so s se o d atio alit is Russia , su h a pe so ould still

be mobilised to the military. However, the source assumed that if a person has dual

Ukrainian-Russian citizenship, he would be scrutinised more thoroughly by the military

and security services with aim of detecting possible sympathies with the Russian

Federation.

Re uit e t p o edu es

Re eipt of su

o s

28. According to the source, when a person is summoned for mobilisation, the recruitment

officers must deliver the summon to him personally, and the person must sign for its

receipt. The summon states that a person must appear at the military recruitment offices,

where documents will be examined and military information may be updated, e.g. if he

has certain skills relevant to mobilisation. The examination will include a crosscheck of

previously completed military service and whether the person has achieved a military

specialty. If a medical examination has not been completed prior approaching the

recruitment office or if it was completed a long time ago, the person must undergo a

medical examination at the Military Medical Commission.

29. After the initial stage at the recruitment office, the persons are most often allowed to

return home with a notice stating when he must appear at a military barrack at a later

date, depending on when he is needed for mobilisation. However, if the officers deem

that the risk of fleeing is high, the officers may accompany the person to his house

allowing the person to pack his personal belongings and to mobilise him right away. In

other cases, if the person has a military specialty that is coveted, he might be enlisted

right away as well. However, the person is allowed to go home and pack his personal

belongings.

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30. A person can receive a summon for mobilisation several times, because they are

sometimes automatically handed out on the streets. However, when a person has finished

the check at the military recruitment office, he will receive a note in which it is stated

when he completed the check, so if the military recruitment officers stop him later, they

can see that the person does not need to show up again.

After receiving a call-up notice, a person is obliged to report to a TRC on the day specified

in the notice. If the person appears on the specified day, he/she is examined as already

mentioned. Based on the results of the examination, the person is either subject to

mobilisation or not. If a person is subject to mobilisation, he or she receives another

summons to a meeting, which specifies the date on which he or she must report. If a

person fails to report to the military registration and enlistment office, he or she is held

administratively liable under Article 210 of the Code of Administrative Offences

471

, and if

the call-up notice is received after a military medical examination, the person is held

criminally liable for failure to report. If a person is not subject to mobilisation, he or she is

issued a certificate that must be presented during future document checks.

31. The source elaborated that when people are handed out summons on the street, it means

that they must approach the recruitment office. However, it does not mean that they will

be rounded up on the street and brought to the conflict zone immediately. According to

the source, the military recruitment offices aim to register as many as possible in the

system.

P o edu e fo e e ptio a d defe

e t

32. If a person formally wants to apply for exemption or deferment, he should, in most cases,

approach the military recruitment office with the relevant documents stating the reasons

for exemption or deferment. However, the source explained that there are different

procedures depending on the reasons for exemption or deferment. The reasons for

deferment or exemption from mobilisation are contained in Article 23 of the Law of

Ukraine On Mobilisation and Mobilisation Preparation

472

. To establish each of the

reasons, a person must have a different set of documents. For example, if a person has an

illness that does not allow him or her to be mobilised, he or she must obtain documents

from a hospital and undergo a military medical examination to confirm the illness. If one

of the family members of a person liable for military service has an illness, the procedure

is different: the person must collect documents confirming the illness of the family

member that prevents him/her from performing his/her duties and submit an application

together with these documents. The procedures may have its own peculiarities for each

reason for deferring mobilisation. If, in accordance with Article 23 of the Law of Ukraine

Mobilisation

T ai i g a d Mo ilisatio

473

, a person is entitled to a deferral or is not

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada,

Кодек к

п о д

Administrative Offenses,

7 December 1984,

url

472

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada,

ко к

п о о л

mobilisation training and mobilisation],

1993,

url

473

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada,

ко к

п о о л

mobilisation training and mobilisation],

1993,

url

471

опо у е

о л

[Code of Uk ai e o

[Law

of Ukraine on

[Law

of Ukraine on

у п д ото ку т

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subject to mobilisation and has all the documents, there is no particular difference in the

procedures.

33. If the situation regarding exemption changes for a person during military service, the

source noted that it may be hard to be relieved from service. For instance, if a person has

a specific position in the military, he would probably not be able to leave, even if there

was a court decision allowing him to be exempted, unless that person could be replaced.

In such a case, it would be up to the commander to decide, if he can leave.

34. Formally, it is possible to complain to a higher commander or to the court for being

denied demobilisation, but most likely it will not result in another outcome.

Regio al diffe e es

35. The source was not aware of regional differences pertaining to implementation of

mobilisation procedures. However, according to the source, it seemed that in the city of

Kyiv the methods of mobilisation were not as strict as in other regions. The source opined

that people in Kyiv was aware of the rules and regulations resulting in higher abidance

with rules in force and a more polite attitude at the checkpoints.

36. In other provinces, and especially in the western Ukraine, the representatives from the

military recruitment offices used harsher methods towards the population.

37. Because of these regional differences, people are afraid to move between provinces as

they fear mobilisation.

Fo ed

o ilisatio

38. The source noted that in the beginning of the full-scale Russian invasion, mobilisation was

mainly voluntary as there was a higher level of support and willingness to join the military.

Similarly, many persons were relieved from service as the number of mobilised persons

exceeded the military quota at the time. However, after approximately one year and

when the war had dragged out, the circumstances changed in terms of the amount of

volunteers and level of willingness to serve, and subsequently the military had a more

urgent need of more servicemen.

39.

Last winter, there were media news about the military using violent methods to force

people to be mobilised, such as apprehending people on the streets. In some cases, it was

a result of an aggressive response from the public towards the recruitment officers,

which, according to the source, provoked the authorities to respond with more violent

methods. In other cases, the military representatives were simply using violent methods

to make people comply.

The main method was forced delivery of a person to a military registration and enlistment

office to check documents and determine their eligibility for military service. Information

about such methods was mostly spread in private social media channels (including

telegrams) and through acquaintances. Such methods were rarely covered by the media.

40. However, these examples where more prevalent in the beginning of the year. The use of

violent methods has been less frequent since the spring of 2023. The last case, the source

heard about, was more than four months ago.

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41. Forced mobilisation most often took place in the countryside in smaller cities and villages,

where people were less aware of their rights. According to the source, forced mobilisation

did not take place in the bigger cities at the same level as in the smaller cities, because the

inhabitants are generally better educated on their rights and are in a better position to

claim their rights.

42. The source opined that the violent practices within the mobilisation procedure has

stopped because those cases were flagged in the media and on social networks. The

military knows that the methods were illegal, and people started to complain formally.

The e e e also so e ases he e the p ose uto s offi e i itiated a i i al ase agai st

the military perpetrators.

43. The recruitment practice is monitored by the Ministry of Defence and eventually, if they

are called upon, the National Police of Ukraine. Furthermore, the State Bureau of

Investigations are conducting the investigations against government officials, such as the

military officers.

Co ditio s du i g

T ai i g

44. The source noted that no person is sent directly to the frontline without training, unless

they have a recent military experience.

45. According to the source, people are usually trained and prepared for two-three months

before they are mobilised to serve in the combat zone, in some cases longer. Selected

servicemen are sent abroad to e.g. Great Britain, the Netherlands for more specific

training which can last five to 10 months.

Du atio of se i e

46. According to the source, there are no regulations in the legislative framework on how long

someone is mobilised to serve in the Ukrainian army. Demobilisation without exemptions

grounds has not been taking place. The only way a person can be demobilised is by

fulfilling the official requirements for exemption, such as lack of eligibility due to health

reasons or if a person has reached the age of 60 years, which is the maximum age for

mandatory military service during martial law.

47. In general, it is difficult to be relieved from service. As an example, the source mentioned

that i ases he e a e e of a pe so s fa il e o e si k o si ila du i g se i e, it

is very hard to leave the service even for a few days.

48. There are rotations in battalions, e.g. if you have been serving in Bakhmut for a period of

time, you get a small break from the front. After the break, the person will be sent to

another place of fierce combat.

49. There is a public discussion about introducing the possibility of demobilisation in the

legislative framework, because the servicemen are getting more and more exhausted.

However, according to the source, no action is taken in terms of introducing a draft law

proposal.

ilita

se i e

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50. It is possible to take a leave of absence, when it is possible, but it is just for a shorter

period. After some days or a week, the person has to return to the military units.

Vul e a le p ofiles i the

ilita

51. According to the source, there could be some vulnerable groups mobilised to serve in the

military.

52. The source had not heard of cases with LGTB-people experiencing problems serving in the

military at all.

Co s ie tious o je tio

53. The source stated that is it only possible to be a conscientious objector in peacetime.

54. If a person proclaims that he is a pacifist or that he is opposing the war, and therefore

does not want to serve in the army, he will be prosecuted pursuant to the criminal code,

as he would be considered a draft evader.

55. The source did not have knowledge about what would happen, when persons request to

serve in the military without using weapons. According to the source, it is likely that those

persons could be sent to duty other places away from the combat zones, such as kitchen

service, transportation etc., however, the source could not provide more specific

information on this.

D aft e asio a d dese tio

56. The source did not have any specific knowledge about the level of punishment of military

evaders and deserters. However, it was noticed that Law 8271 on Amendments to the

Criminal Code of Ukraine on offenses and other legislative acts regarding the specifics of

military service under martial law or combat conditions that came into effect on 27

January 2023 was enforced in practice and had had an effect. The punishment given by

the courts has become harsher and the possibility of a suspended sentence has been

removed.

57. According to the source, there may not be any societal negative attitudes from the local

community towards evaders and deserters. Many community members would understand

if a person did not want to fight or gave up fighting by deserting. There is not a general

acceptance of evaders, but the source was of the opinion that many people would be able

to understand if a person chose not to serve.

58. The same applies for deserters, which, according to the source, would not face any

societal repercussions. This is mainly because such a person would have a high degree of

respect for joining the fight in the first place, and many community members

acknowledge that there are horrific conditions in the combat zones.

Russia

i d-set

59. If a person actively demonstrates a clear sympathy with the Russian Federation and its

actions in Ukraine, the repercussions would be very strong. According to the criminal

code, it is possible to prosecute a person for glorifying the so-called aggressor state, e.g.

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the Russian Federation. The authorities are actively prosecuting people for pro-Russian

activities.

60. There are no collective punishment, e.g. against family members or relatives of a pro-

Russian person, neither by the authorities, nor by the communities.

61. However, according to the source, the reactions from the authorities and the

communities depends on the behaviour of the person. He or she must actively exhibit a

pro-Russian sympathy in order to be prosecuted. The source did not believe that simply

the assumption of a person being pro-Russian, such as dual Russian citizenship, previous

Russian residence, or language, would lead to any repercussions.

62. Moreover, the source assumed that if a person who was perceived to have a Russian

mind-set took part in the fighting at the Ukrainian side, that person would be respected

for his actions.

Co ditio s du i g

o ilisatio

63. Only persons liable for military service are mobilised to the front. Persons liable for

military service are persons in the reserve to man the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other

military formations for a special period, as well as to perform work to ensure the defence

of the state. The source emphasised that only persons liable for military service are

mobilised, but it is possible to participate in the armed forces voluntarily in volunteer

battalions.

64. It is possible to apply for service outside the combat zone. The source did not elaborate on

what the criteria is or how the procedures are.

Co uptio

65. There is corruption in the mobilisation procedures, but it is not widespread. According to

the source it is impossible to describe the level of corruption in terms of percentage.

66. The most common way to avoid mobilisation is to establish permanent care for relatives,

as well as corrupt bribery schemes.

67. According to the source, military documents are not forged

68. The source opined that forgery or illegal issuance of background documents most often

happens within the medical institutions.

69. According to the source, there are not any regional differences in the prevalence of

corruption.

70. The source stated that forgery of documents is a criminal offense in Ukraine and that

cases are processed within the judiciary system.

71. The source noted that there are frequent inspections of TRCs as a prevalent anti-

corruption measure.

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An international organisation

O li e Meeti g, No e

A out the sou e

1. The international organisation has insight on legislation but is not conducting human

rights monitoring inside Ukraine.

Legislatio a d p a ti e ega di g e e ptio s:

2. Overall, there have not been any major changes to the legislation regarding mobilisation

since January 2023. However, Resolution no. 76 on the exemptions of persons from

mobilisation, which enables NGO staff to obtain an exemption based on the importance of

the o ga isatio s ole a d thei fu tio i g du i g a tial la , has ha ged. Ma

international organisations in Ukraine such as United Nations (UN) organisations and

others have sought exemption for its staff engaged in the humanitarian response. Beyond

that, the international organisation has not seen any change in the exemption rules.

3. The international organisation is not acquainted with the general procedure for applying

for exemption from mobilisation, other than the procedure for local staff employed by

international organisations. The staff lists are submitted collectively for the entire

organisation and sent to the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Defence. The source

mentioned that there had been some challenges during the application procedure, but

could not provide more information on the details of these. However, the source was of

the impression that there were some delays in terms of receiving clear guidance on how

to submit the list of exemptions. Moreover, there was some hesitance from the staff to

approach the military conscription offices to receive an updated military service code,

which is needed in order to submit an application for exemption.

4. In addition, a military deficit code is required which indicates the type of profile, and some

male staff feared that it would lead to mobilisation. The military deficit code indicates

whether a person has a specialisation needed by the army. However, the source did not

have information on how the codes are used in military papers. There are examples of

international staff, who received summons to approach the military conscription offices

and to undergo medical examination, which is part of the mobilisation process, but the

source was able to obtain an exemption for the staff afterwards. However, before

obtaining the exemption the staff members expressed concerns of being mobilised due to

the long waiting time for the exemptions to be obtained. There were significant efforts

and challenges from NGOs to obtain exemptions as well. The nature of the challenges of

NGOs may have differed from the international organisations, because some local staff of

international organisations are covered by the privilege and immunities of the United

Nations.

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5. The international organisation is not familiar with the requirements for documentation

after being exempted, but referred to the RCO as most competent to inform about the

documentation requirements. However, the source informed that male staff were obliged

to update their personal information with the military conscription offices, and many

were reluctant to approach the conscription office because that could bring them to the

attention of authorities, risking mobilisation.

6. The exemption procedure for local staff of international organisations in Ukraine is

centralised.

7. The international organisation could not provide more information on if anyone was

rejected in their application for exemption and did not have information on the possibility

to lodge an appeal of a rejection for exemption from mobilisation.

There are exemption rules pertaining specifically to women, who are required to register

in the military register.

474

For example in the Mobilisation Training and Mobilisation Law

there are specific categories of exemption rules pertaining to women in the medical and

pharmaceutical professions. The categories of women exempted from mandatory military

registration includes:

Medical workers who have received a deferment from military service (reserved

workers)

Women temporarily considered unfit for military service by the Military Medical

Commission due to their health, for a period of up to six months.

Mothers with specific criteria who are taking care of dependents.

Women providing permanent care to individuals in need, as per Ukrainian law.

Women who are spouses, daughters, or daughters-in-law of disabled persons in the I

or II group, provided that there are no other able-bodied individuals available to

support them.

Students and academic staff of educational institutions.

Women with close relatives who died or went missing in areas of anti-terrorist

operations, under specific conditions.

Women already part of military or law enforcement units.

Volunteers who aided the military or law enforcement in anti-terrorist operations.

o ilisatio

Wo e a d

9. The mandatory military registration of women came into force on 1 October 2023 for

women working in the medical or pharmaceutical professions (i.e. doctors, nurses and

pharmacists).

From 1 October 2023, women below the age of 60 years, who hold medical or

pharmaceutical professions, e.g. nurses and pharmacists, can be called up for mobilisation

if they are medically fit, which is decided by the Military Medical Commission (MMC). This

category of women must register with the military territorial recruitment centres as per

474

For information on Women and Mobilisation, see section 9 - 13

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ha ges to A ti le pa ag aphs a d of Uk ai e s Milita Dut a d

Military Service

Law. Hence, this provision indicates that women must also register for mandatory service.

10. Women outside of the abovementioned category can also register on a voluntary basis in

the military registries.To be voluntarily registered for military service, women, like men

who are drafted, must meet the following specific criteria:

They must be under 60 years old, the maximum age for being in the military reserve.

The MMC must declare them fit for military service based upon an assessment of their

health.

The MMC must issue a resolution from the Military Intelligence Service stating "fit for

military service" or "unfit for military service in peacetime, limited fit in wartime" to

determine their suitability.

Women who are eligible for mobilisation based on the health and age criteria and who

have completed vocational (professional-technical), specialised secondary, or higher

education and who have obtained a medical or pharmaceutical specialty are subject to

military registration as conscripts. As of today, active service for them remains voluntary.

11. The international organisation does not have more information on the enforcement of

mobilisation of women. However, based on information from border monitors the source

received an increase in counselling requests from women seeking additional clarification

on this law during the months of September and October 2023 and in particular from

women from the medical and pharmaceutical professions seeking clarification on the

requirements and the exemption options regulated in the Military Duty and Military

Service Law.

12. The international organisation could not provide more information on the consequences

for women who are liable for military service but fail to approach the military recruitment

offices as required.

13. There is a lack of clarity on whether or not women liable for mobilisation can exit Ukraine,

as it appears that official instructions to prevent women subjective to mobilisation from

exiting have not yet been communicated to the State Border Guard Service (SBGS).

According to a statement from the SBGS, there are no legal grounds to restrict the travel

of women abroad, and thus the border guards currently have no procedure to verify

whether or not a woman has been mobilised.

The international organisation shared

an article

referring to the SBGS indicating that SBGS

has not received official instructions to prevent women from crossing an international

border.

Co ditio s of etu ed o s ie tious o je to s,

ilita

e ade s a d dese te s

14. The international organisation highlighted that from periodic surveys among refugees and

IDPs it appears that mandatory mobilisation is not the primary obstacle to return. The key

concerns of obstacles to return pertains to safety and security issues in the occupied

territories for returnees who were former residents prior the full-scale invasion and the

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access to services, shelter and livelihoods. However, concerns about mobilisation have

been described in the survey as an additional obstacle for men to return.

15. The international organisation did not have information on societal issues for persons

returning after having circumvented the mobilisation. However, the source mentioned

that there is rising social tension in certain communities, including communities in the

occupied territories and in areas hosting large numbers of IDPs. For the latter, the tension

is related to the continuous hosting of IDPs while social services are scarce, but also

tension over access to humanitarian assistance.

P ofile of pe so s ho left Uk ai e a d etu ed

16. The international organisation is not systematically tracking the profile of persons leaving

and returning, and thus there is no register of returnees. In addition, the source is

currently not facilitating or promoting returns. The primary areas of return or intended

return include Kyiv oblast, Kyiv city, Mykolaiv, Chernivtsi and Kharkiv. Those who intend to

return to Ukraine tend to be those who are most vulnerable, including older persons and

persons who are facing challenges accessing employment and social services in their

countries of residence. However, there is no official register to provide precise

information on this. The source mentioned that there will be some information on the

profiles of people who have expressed an intention to return to Ukraine in an upcoming

survey conducted amongst people, who have left Ukraine. The survey is expected to be

published early 2024.

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o k fo ha ges i o ga s of po e . The

o ga isatio 's tea o sists of e pe ie ed hu a ights defe de s, la e s, a d a al sts

ith k o ledge of the a ie s of ilita pe so el i thei se i e, t eat e t, a d

eha ilitatio .

E e ptio f o

o ilisatio

. I Septe e

, the go e

e t adopted ha ges i the legislati e o ati e a t No.

f o the Mi ist of Defe e o

ilita

edi al e pe tise, hi h egulates ho the

ilita

edi al o

issio s MMCs pe fo the ilita

edi al e a i atio s. The e

ha e ee sig ifi a t ha ges to the ta le of diseases that allo s a pe so to e e e pted

o ilisatio ased o health issues. This has esulted i

o e people ei g

o ilised as a u e of diseases ha e ee e o ed f o the ta le, e.g. HIV a d

hepatitis. People, ho a e diag osed ith e.g. HIV a d hepatitis a o e o ilised;

ho e e , the ill e o ilised to se e i positio s a a f o the f o t. The edi al

e a i atio s a e pe fo ed at the MMCs u de the ilita te ito ial e t es. A o di g

to the sou e, the e a e a p o le s a d isks ith this legislatio . P

p has ee

e gaged i ad o a

o k o this a d has et ith the Mi ist of Health a d the

a de of the Medi al Fo es, hi h is a spe ialist o ps i the Uk ai ia a ed

fo es espo si le fo p o idi g edi al se i es to ilita pe so el a d thei fa ilies,

to ad o ate fo the ha ges i the o ati e a t to e olled a k. P

p has also et

ith the Pu li Health Ce t e of the Mi ist of Health of Uk ai e PHC to dis uss if the

ha ges i the o ati e a t a e da ge ous to people ith e.g. HIV. PHC is a sa ita a d

p e e ti e health a e i stitutio hose ai tasks a e to o k i the field of pu li

health a d eet the eeds of the populatio th ough epide iologi al su eilla e,

fulfil e t of po e s to p ote t the populatio f o i fe tious a d o -i fe tious diseases,

la o ato a ti ities, iologi al safet , a d iologi al p ote tio . The o lusio f o the

e t e is that the ha ges pose a i eased isk of the health o ditio of the patie ts

e ause of a la k of a ess to ele a t edi al se i es i the attlefield, e.g. esto ati e

the ap fo HIV patie ts. The sou e as e pe ti g o e ha ges i the a t to o e.

. A o di g to the sou e, the e a e ha ges to o e i the o ati e a ts o

e.g. i the suita ilit a t, that go e s the assess e t o the suita ilit fo se i

ilita . I the a t, the e a e th ee atego ies of suita ilit : suita le fo ilita

suita le fo ilita se i e i u its a a f o the f o t a d

ot suita le fo

se i e. The e has ee a de isio i the Se u it Cou il to e o e the se o d

ilisatio ,

g i the

se i e,

ilita

atego ,

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UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

afte hi h o ilised people ith health issues a e o ilised to all u its i the

ilita . The ha ges ha e ot ee i ple e ted et, ut the e a e o goi g dis ussio s

o this. P

p has ee taki g pa t i the dis ussio s a d is ad o ati g agai st the

i ple e tatio of the ha ges. The sou e stated that the ilita

a ts to o ilise

o e people o tha p e iousl . A o di g to the sou e, the e o al of the se o d

atego

ill ha e the o se ue e that o e ul e a le people ith health issues a d

li ited suita ilit ill e o ilised to the a

. People ith se ious diseases a e o ilised to the ilita e e though the disease is listed

i the ta le of e e ptio s o if the elo g to the se o d atego of people ith li ited

suita ilit . The sou e e tio ed a e a ple f o the su

e of

of a a , ho

as diag osed ith epileps , ut ho as u la full o ilised a

a . He died i

t ai i g fo se i e of a epileps atta k, hi h aused a huge s a dal i Uk ai e.

Afte a ds, the ase as aised i the Se u it Cou il a d efo e the p eside t, ho

sta ted to fi d a solutio .

475

A o di g to the sou e, the ase is ot a o se ue e of a

legal o fli t, ut a iolatio of the legal o ilisatio p o edu e.

. If a pe so

i gs a ase to the ou t ith a e uest to e de o ilised, e ause of health

issues o disa ilities, the ou t de isio is ot e essa il suffi ie t to e de o ilised.

The e a e spe ifi ules ega di g de o ilisatio f o the ilita , a d o l the ilita

a de espo si le fo the u its, he e the pe so se e, a de ide to de o ilise

ilita pe so el. I p a ti e, it is i possi le to e de o ilised. This has esulted i

people ith disa ilities ei g o ilised ith e luded possi ilit fo de o ilisatio . A

e e of pa lia e t p oposed to ake the legislati e asis to de o ilise this g oup of

people ith disa ilities f o the a , ut the p oposal as i fo all a ed the

ilita o

a de s a d the offi e of the p eside t as the e e elu ta t to de o ilise

a o e. A o di g to the sou e, it is a e se siti e topi .

Re uit e t p o edu e

. The Co

ittee of Natio al Defe e ha e p oposed a e d e ts to the o ilisatio la

i pa lia e t. The d aft la a e d e t o tai s a p oposal to gi e autho isatio to lo al

odies to o ilise people to the ilita . A o di g to the sou e, it ill gi e the poli e

a d othe lo al odies autho it to o ilise i di iduals di e tl f o the st eet. Ho e e ,

the p o edu e has ot ee lea l des i ed i the d aft la p oposal as to ho it ill e

egulated i p a ti e. P

p is p epa i g o

e ts to the d aft la p oposal a d is e

o e ed of the la passi g, as it ill i ease the isk of o uptio a d gi e too u h

espo si ilit to lo al odies, a o di g to thei a al sis. The sou e as o e ed that

the a e d e ts ill lead to isu de sta di gs a d u la ful oppo tu ities to o ilise

a d u de li ed the se siti it of the su je t of o ilisatio .

. The o ilisatio is p i a il a ied out i u al a eas as opposed to i the igge ities,

hi h is e ause of so ial i e ualit . The sou e is of the opi io that this takes pla e

475

Ukrainska Pravda,

2023,

url

о л о

еп леп є по е у

ько

о л дує п оку

ту

, 7 August

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UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

e ause the people li i g i the u al a eas do ot ha e e ough o e to pa a i e to

the ilita

edi al o

issio s MMCs to i u e t o ilisatio opposed to people

li i g i the igge ities, e.g. i K i people a ha e suffi ie t sa i gs, a a , o othe

possessio s, that the a sell. The e a t ost fo a i e du i g a edi al he k is

p o a l a ia le a d d a i , ut the sou e stated that the e a e u ou s of a ost of

dolla s.

Co s ie tious o je tio a d alte ati e se i e

. A o di g to the La of Uk ai e o Alte ati e o - ilita Se i e, the ight to

o s ie tious o je tio a d alte ati e se i e is ot e og ised du i g a tial la .

476

The

sou e e tio ed a e a ple of a a , ho o ed a oad to e ade ilita se i e a d

stated o so ial edia that he did ot a t to go to the a

, e ause he as a pa ifist.

This aused a

egati e ea tio s f o the so iet .

D aft e asio a d dese tio

. The la a e d e t o.

f o Ja ua

, ega di g the legal lia ilit of

ilita offe es o

itted du i g a tial la , i t odu ed ha she pu ish e ts fo

se i e e du i g a tial la . This is due to the la k of legal gua a ties fo the i di idual

as itigatio i u sta es a e ot to e take i to o side atio i ou t ases. The

sou e stated that this legislati e li itatio is agai st the sta da ds of a fai t ial. P

has pu lished a epo t o

ilita justi e i Uk ai e, i l. statisti s o the u e of

i i al ases.

477

Afte the i t odu tio of la a e d e t o.

, so e atego ies of

ilita

i es t igge a p iso se te e, e.g. failu e to o pl ith a o de o the

attlefield. The sou e efe ed to t o judge e ts f o the Sup e e Cou t of Uk ai e.

478

. C i i al espo si ilit i ases o d aft e asio a d dese tio a e a atte of life a d

death to othe soldie s i the attlefield he so eo e is o

itti g a ilita

i ei

se i e. Ho e e , i ou t ases, the judges a ot take itigatio i u sta es of the

i e i to o side atio a d the ases a e ot assessed o a i di idual asis, hi h is

the ai p o le

ith the la a e d e t o.

. The sou e oted that the s ste is

e u de de eloped a d the e is a la k of e pe tise a d u de sta di g of the sta da ds

of ilita justi e eeded, e.g. i ala i g the use of dis ipli a pu ish e ts a d

atio al se u it to a ds hu a ights a d the ights of the se i e e .

479

A o di g to

the sou e, the legislato s a d ep ese tati es f o the ilita does ot fi d that the

judges u de sta d the situatio i the ilita a d that thei de isio s as too le ie t a d

Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada,

З ко Ук

П о Альте

(

ько у Слу у)

[Law of Ukraine on Alternative

(non-military) Service], 1992, article 1,

url

477

Pryncyp,

ько

;

О л д

од о о о ду

е де

[Military Justice and protection of rights in the Military; Overview of international experience and trends in Ukraine],

August 2023,

url

478

Ukraine, The Supreme Court,

Case No. 726/78/23,

11 July 2023,

url

; Ukraine, The Supreme Court,

Case No.

726/78/23,

10 July 2023,

url

479

Pryncyp,

ько

;

О л д

од о о о ду

е де

[Military Justice and protection of rights in the Military; Overview of international experience and trends in Ukraine],

August 2023,

url

476

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UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

the efo e the ha e li ited the judges dis etio to take itigatio i u sta es i to

o side atio i ases of ilita

i es. The sou e ela o ated that i su h ases, the

halle ge fo judges is to st ike a ala e et ee

aki g just de isio s a d safegua di g

atio al se u it . Gi e that ases i ol i g se i e e also e tail the appli atio of

ilita statutes a d e ui e k o ledge of the pe ulia ities of ilita se i e, legislato s

ha e de ided that the ost effe ti e app oa h to ha dli g i i al offe ses i the a

to esta lish a s ste of st i t pu ish e t, athe tha i easi g the le el of e pe tise a d

tea hi g judges ho to deal ith su h halle gi g ases.

. The e a e ot a

ases o d aft e asio a d dese tio i the ou ts at p ese t, ut

dese tio ases a e o e p e ale t tha d aft e asio ases, a o di g to the sou e.

. A o di g to the sou e, the e e e t o a s to a oid o ilisatio :

o i g a oad

pa i g the ilita

edi al o

issio s MMCs a d the ilita te ito ial

e t es to e listed as e e pted fo o ilisatio . To o e a oad the i di idual ust

eithe pa a i e to the MMCs a d the ilita te ito ial e t es to e e e pted fo

o ilisatio a d the efo e allo ed to oss the o de o fi d a o e eati e a to

oss the o de . The sou e e tio ed that the Zaka pattia egio has a u e of

featu es that a e asso iated ith the t e d of i easi g the u e of these atte pts.

This is due to the fa t that the egio is a a o de egio , has a sig ifi a t u e of

eth i i o ities, a d has a e isti g s uggli g i f ast u tu e that a pote tiall e

used to p o ide se i es fo the illegal t a sfe of pe so s of o ilisatio age a oad.

ealth people, ho a e su je t to o ilisatio , ha e o ed a oad to e ade

o ilisatio . The sou e as of the opi io that it is easie to fi d eati e a s to a oid

o ilisatio he ou ha e o e . The e a e e a ples of people ho ha e ee aught

t i g to e ade o ilisatio a d o ed a oad, a d ho as su se ue tl fa ed ith

i i al ha ges.

. I so iet , e adi g o ilisatio is o side ed u fai . If so eo e has i u e ted

o ilisatio , people do ot talk a out it i pu li , as the as ell as thei fa il e e s

isk egati e so ietal ea tio s. The e a e e a ples of ele ities, ho ha e o ed a oad

to a oid o ilisatio a d ha e ee

et ith egati e ea tio s. The sou e as of the

opi io that so eo e, ho has o ed a oad to a oid o ilisatio , ill e et ith

egati e ea tio s f o so iet upo etu .

Co uptio

p has et ith the Natio al Age

o Co uptio P e e tio NACP to p ese t

e o

e datio s o o uptio p e e tio i the o ilisatio p o edu e. A o di g to

the sou e, o e tha thousa ds of people paid o e to a oid ei g o ilised, hi h

has eated a i eases isk fo the o ilisatio of ul e a le pe so s, e.g. people ith

health issues, as the autho ities ust fill a uota. Vul e a le people a e i ge e al ai

i ti s of o uptio .

. The le el of o uptio is e high i Uk ai e, a d the autho ities a e ot apa le to

adopt easu es to o at o uptio . A o di g to the sou e, it ill e ui e a

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UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

e t alisatio a d a digitalisatio of the o ilisatio p o ess to o at a d p e e t

o uptio .

480

All a age e t of o ilisatio is p o essed o pape hi h li its the

a ess to o ito i g the p o ess. The sou e e plai ed that ithout a e t al a d

ele t o i s ste , it is ot possi le to de ease o uptio i the p o edu es. A o di g to

the sou e, the assess e ts, a d de isio s f o the MMCs should e sto ed i a

e t alised ele t o i s ste that allo s o ito i g a d a al sis to e ha e t a spa e .

Not e e the pe so , ho is su

o ed fo o ilisatio a d the efo e goi g th ough the

edi al he k at the MMC, a ha e a i sight i , hat the MMCs ha e itte i thei

edi al assess e t, hi h akes it diffi ult to halle ge the o lusio s o eligi ilit . The

o lusio s a e fo a ded di e tl f o the MMCs to the ilita o

a de s.

. Co uptio issues is ot dis ussed i the i il so iet , as it ill e pe ei ed egati e. The

sou e e plai ed that people lose thei e es e ause the a e af aid of egati e

ea tio s. The ilita has, i ge e al, e jo ed i eased suppo t f o the populatio

si e

. Ma ha e fa il e e s, ho ha e joi ed the a , a d the efo e suppo t

the ilita . People also suppo t the ilita , e ause it allo s the to li e thei i ilia

life a d a oid ei g o ilised.

. The sou e e tio ed a a th opologi al esea h p oje t f o

Septe e

hi h has o luded that, despite o ilisatio ei g o ligato fo Uk ai ia itize s, all

people ho ha e joi ed the a

a e of the elief that the ha e hose it olu ta il a d

do ot ie

o ilisatio as o ligato , ut as a atte of o uptio .

481

People i the

ilita pe ei e the sel es as ho est, ho ha e ot paid to a oid o ilisatio e e

though this as a optio .

Pryncyp,

ько

;

О л д

од о о о ду

е де

[Military Justice and protection of rights in the Military; Overview of international experience and trends in Ukraine],

August 2023,

url

481

Pryncyp,

д о

о о е е

т о

е о лд е

л у ете

л ьк

[From

Wound to Return: An Ethnographic Study of the Path of Veterans and Their Loved Ones],

22 September 2023,

url

480

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UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

Annex 2: Terms of Reference (ToR)



Mobilisation to the Ukraine military

Updates to legislation since February 2023



Prevalence of legal uncertainties

Exemptions to mobilisation

Deferment of mobilisation

Mobilisation of women

Implementation of exemptions and deferment

Profiles of people



Number of people mobilised

Ukrainians staying abroad

Foreign nationalities

Dual Ukrainian

–

Russian citizens

Ukrainians with certain professions



Recruitment procedures



Notification

–

personally and/or electronically or other measures

Prevalence of forced and arbitrary recruitment

Duration of service

Training

Disciplinary punishments

Conditions





Complaint mechanisms

Regional differences

Conscientious objection & alternative service

Legislation on conscientious objection & alternative service

Implementation of legislation regarding conscientious objection and alternative

service



Societal attitudes towards objectors

Regional differences



Draft evasion & desertion

Updates to the legislation since February 2023



Statute of limitations, applicable time of punishment

Prevalence and changes in trends of the number of draft evaders and deserters

Punishment for draft evasion and desertion



Incl. brief overview of prison conditions



Societal attitudes and reprisals for evading mobilisation and desertion



Societal attitudes and reprisals against relatives

Consequences for returned draft evaders and deserters

Regional differences

Corruption

Prevalence of corruption to circumvent mobilisation



Ways to circumvent mobilisation

Prevalence of forged and illegally obtained documents

Punishment for people using corruption to circumvent mobilisation

Anti-corruption measures

Regional differences

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

UKRAINE - MOBILISATI ON

Annex 3: NACP report

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

NATIONAL ANTI-CORRUPTION

BUREAU OF UKRAINE

CORRUPTION

RISKS

in the activities of

Military Medical Commissions of the

Armed Forces of Ukraine

STRATEGIC

ANALYSIS OF

CORRUPTION

RISKS

2023

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UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

MMC

- Military Medical Commission

MME

- military medical examination

NGO

- non-governmental organisation

SBI

- State Bureau of Investigation

CMU

- Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine

CCU

- Criminal Code of Ukraine

MHU

- Ministry of Health of Ukraine

MSE

- medical and social expertise

MSEC

- Medical and Social Expert Commission

RTCRSS

- Regional Territorial Centre for Recruitment and Social Support

Schedule of diseases

- a schedule of diseases, conditions and physical disabilities that determine the

degree of fitness for military service

SSU

- Security Service of Ukraine

TCRSS

- Territorial Centre for Recruitment and Social Support

CMMC

- Central Military Medical Commission

WARNINGS

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

...................................................................................................................6

SOURCES OF CORRUPTION RISKS IN THE ACTIVITIES OF THE MILITARY MEDICAL

COMMISSIONS (MMCs)

....................................................................................................

SECTION I. THE PROCEDURE FOR THE FORMATION OF THE MILITARY MEDICAL

EXAMINATION (MME) BODIES

........................................................................................

Corruption risk 1.

Emergence of corruption factors due to excessive flexibility of legal regulation of

Military Medical Commissions (MMCs)

...................................................................................................

Corruption risk 2.

Abuses in the formation of the staff of the Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) and

the appointment of the head of Central Military Medical Commission (CMMC) due to unclear legal

regulation

............................................................................................................................................................

Corruption risk 3.

Abuses in the formation of the staff and appointment of the heads of non-staff permanent

Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) due to Unclear legal regulation

..............................................................

Corruption risk 4.

Duplication of powers of military authorities, local self-government and state

authorities due to the unregulated procedure for establishing Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) of

Territorial Centres for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSSs)

...........................................................

Corruption risk 5.

Non-transparent procedure for determining a municipal or state-owned healthcare

facility, which may establish Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) of Territorial Centres for

Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSSs)

...............................................................................................

Corruption risk 6.

Abuse of authority by the head (chief) of the healthcare facility (institution) and the

head of Territorial Centres for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSSs) in the formation of the staff of

Military Medical Commissions (MMCs)

...................................................................................................

Corruption risk 7.

Manipulations in determining and paying civilian doctors

.......................................

SECTION II. ACTIVITIES OF MILITARY MEDICAL COMMISSIONS (MMCS)

......................

Corruption risk 8.

Using the uncertainty of the timing of the military medical examination (MME) to set

up corruption schemes

............................................................................................................................

Corruption risk 9.

Demanding unlawful benefit for taking into account all existing diseases and

conditions during medical examinations

.................................................................................................

Corruption risk 10.

Refusal to provide a referral for medical examination to persons who were mobilised

to the Armed Forces of Ukraine without undergoing the military medical examination (MME) in order to

obtain an unlawful benefit

......................................................................................................................

Corruption risk 11.

Involvement of Military Medical Commission (MMC) officials in corruption schemes

for smuggling men of military age across the state border of Ukraine...................................................

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Corruption risk 12.

Corrupt arrangement when making a decision to grant a person a deferment from

conscription for health reasons

...............................................................................................................

Corruption risk 13.

Manipulations in determining military specialities for which a person previously recognised

as partially fit for military service may be suitable

..................................................................................

Corruption risk 14.

Abuses in establishing the causal link between injuries (wounds, contusions, mutilations)

related to the defence of the Motherland

..............................................................................................

SECTION III. APPEALS AGAINST DECISIONS OF THE MILITARY MEDICAL COMMISSIONS

(MMCs)

............................................................................................................................

Corruption risk 15.

Corruption conspiracy by Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) officials due to unclear

pre-trial procedure for appealing against Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) decisions

................

SECTION IV. CORRUPTION SCHEMES IN ACTIVITIES OF MILITARY MEDICAL COMMISSIONS

(MMCS) WITH THE PARTICIPATION OF INTERMEDIARIES

.............................................

Corruption risk 16.

Comprehensive corruption service

–

turnkey disability

........................................

Corruption risk 17.

Involvement of intermediaries in corrupt arrangements with Military Medical Commission

(MMC) officials

.........................................................................................................................................

Corruption risk 18.

Misappropriation of state budget funds through Military Medical Commissions (MMCs),

Medical and Social Expert Commissions (MSECs)

...................................................................................

SECTION V. DIGITISATION

................................................................................................

Corruption risk 19.

Use of the unregulated procedure for attaching medical documents to Military Medical

Commissions (MMCs) to extort unlawful benefits

..................................................................................

Corruption risk 20.

Use of paperwork for corrupt practices in Military Medical Commissions (MMCs)

CONSEQUENCES OF CORRUPTION RISKS IN THE ACTIVITIES OF MILITARY MEDICAL

COMMISSIONS (MMCs)

..................................................................................................

STATISTICAL INFORMATION ON ACTIVITIES OF MILITARY MEDICAL COMMISSIONS (MMCS)

OF THE REGIONAL TERRITORIAL CENTRE FOR RECRUITMENT AND SOCIAL SUPPORT (RTCRSS)

FOR THE PERIOD FROM 2021 TO SEPTEMBER 23

...........................................................

NATIONAL AGENCY ON CORRUPTION PREVENTION (NACP) RECOMMENDATIONS ON

MINIMISING CORRUPTION RISKS.....................................................................................75

CONCLUSION

...................................................................................................................

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INTRODUCTION

In the context of the open unprovoked armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine,

the issues of effective organisation of Activities of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) and medical

examinations of conscripts, military personnel, persons liable for military service, reserve officers called

up for military service by officers, reservists, and citizens enrolled for military service under contract have

become acute.

Decree of the President of Ukraine No. 576/2023 of 12 September 2023

enacted the decision of

the National Security and Defence Council of Ukraine of 30 August 2023 "On Military Medical Examination

in the Armed Forces of Ukraine". In accordance with this Decree, the National Agency on Corruption

Prevention (hereinafter referred to as the National Agency) was tasked with

analysing corruption risks in

Activities of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs).

It was expected that with the growing importance of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) in the

process of manning the ranks of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and achieving mobilisation tasks, the level

of corruption risks in the process of their adoption of resolutions on determining the degree of fitness for

military service and establishing the causal link between diseases, injuries (wounds, contusions,

mutilations) of servicemen, persons liable for military service and reservists has significantly increased.

With the outbreak of full-scale war, the Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) faced a huge

workload, outdated legal regulation of the Military Medical Commission (MMC) activities and the system's

inability to meet the social challenges posed by the needs of persons liable for military service and military

personnel to undergo objective, unbureaucratic military medical examinations (MMEs).

In this regard, there is a need to revise the conceptual approach to building the system of Military

Medical Commissions (MMCs), in particular, the legal basis for the activities of the MMCs, their interaction

with Territorial Centres for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSSs), the procedure for conducting

medical examinations, and the introduction of a human-centred system that includes a comprehensive

approach to supporting persons liable for military service from the moment of call-up to rehabilitation

and social support.

According to the information provided by the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine, as of 25.10.2023, a

working group of officials from the

Central Military Medical Commission (CMMC)

and five regional Military

Medical Commissions (MMCs) verified 78% of decisions of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) received

for verification, 13% of which were cancelled.

It should be noted that in the period from July to September 2023, 2 full-time Military Medical

Commissions (MMCs), 5 regional Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) of Territorial Centre for

Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSS), and 1 city Military Medical Commission (MMC) of Territorial

Centre for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSS) were inspected.

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

INTRODUCTION

The document that defines the basis for the organisation of military medical examination in the

Armed Forces of Ukraine is

the Order of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine No. 402 of 14.08.2008,

which

approved the Regulation on Military Medical Examination in the Armed Forces of Ukraine (hereinafter

referred to as the Order No. 402).

It regulates the procedure for conducting medical examinations of servicemen,

persons liable for military service, reservists of the Armed Forces of Ukraine (Land Forces, Air Forces, Navy, Air

Assault Forces, Special Operations Forces), as well as servicemen of the National Guard of Ukraine, the State Border

Guard Service of Ukraine and the State Special Transport Service.

Given the urgency of conducting a strategic analysis of corruption risks in this area, the National

Agency's experts analysed Order No. 402 for corruption-prone factors, identified the most common

corruption risks in the activities of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) and developed

recommendations for their elimination/minimisation.

In preparing the study, the National Agency also analysed and took into account information from

Legal Hundred NGO, the Principle Human Rights Centre, the Independent Anti-Corruption Commission

(IACC), the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine, the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, doctors and military

personnel.

The implementation of the results of this study will ensure that corruption practices and the

activities of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) are incompatible, reduce the burden on law

enforcement and judicial systems, and help protect the rights of persons liable for military service and

military personnel.

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

Statistics of Legal

Hundred NGO hotline

for the period from 24.02.2022 to 01.08.2023

Consultations provided on the hotline

Written consultations provided

via social networks and messengers

Dismissal from service

Military Medical Commission

Cash collateral, payments

Transfer to another unit

Mobilisation

Medical issues

Postponement of mobilisation

Holidays

Combatant eligibility

41 408

Number of

applications

processed

50 840

6 834

4 432

3 041

2 882

2 853

2 629

1 742

1 461

1 082

The most frequently asked questions (over 1 thousand requests)

1 071

Medical and Social Expert

Commission (MSEC)

Payment of one-time financial

1 062

assistance and benefits for the

family of the deceased

According to the statistics of hotline Legal Hundred NGO for the period from 24.02.2022

01.08.2023, about 30 thousand of the most pressing issues were processed.

The second most

relevant question is

about the work of

the Military Medical

Commissions

(MMCs), which

accounts for 15% of

the total number of

questions.

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

More information on the content of the

questions related to the activities of the

Military Medical Commissions (MMCs)

according to the hotline of Legal Hundred NGO

Complaints about superficial inspection at Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) during

mobilisation

Most of these appeals relate to the accelerated format of the work of Military Medical Commissions

(MMCs), which is applied after the service of the call-up. Persons liable for military service are often unable

to quickly provide confirmation of diagnoses and chronic diseases that Military Medical Commissions

(MMCs) must take into account when determining their fitness for service, which leads to the deployment

of persons with health conditions that prevent them from performing combat missions.

Commanders do not give referrals to Military Medical Commissions (MMCs), even

though there is a deterioration in the state of health on duty or an injury

Commanders often ignore reports for military personnel to undergo a medical examination.

This delay often leads to irreversible deterioration of health.

Complaints about the situation: "The MMC doctor was instructed to write "fit", how

can I appeal?"

There are frequent complaints about doctors who report during examinations that they have been

instructed not to declare servicemen and women liable for military service unfit. Such complaints are

difficult to confirm or deny, but such information is provided in different regions. This situation leads to

the need to appeal against the decisions of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs).

Complaints against individual Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) due to

"unprofessionalism" of the commission

There are reports of unethical and unprofessional behaviour of doctors during the examination. The

examination is quick and the complaints are levelled down and not taken into account.

Medical issues

Complaints from servicemen about poor quality and short-term treatment after injuries and

exacerbations of illnesses.

Impossibility for a serviceman to change hospitals for further treatment and rehabilitation.

Doctors in hospitals refuse to refer to Military Medical Commissions (MMCs)

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

Law enforcement agencies: combating crime in

the activities of Military Medical Commissions

(MMCs)

In August 2023,

law enforcement agencies, in particular the State Bureau of Investigation (SBI),

conducted searches in a number of military commissions in Vinnytsia, Cherkasy and Kyiv regions. The

investigations are part of a criminal investigation into the illicit enrichment of military personnel holding

senior positions in regional and district Territorial Centres for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSSs). A

total of 388 people has been identified as having doubts about the legality of their military qualification

commission decisions on their unfitness for military service. Medical documentation that could confirm

the facts of unlawful decisions on unfitness for military service, personal files, etc. were seized.

Earlier,

State Bureau of Investigation (SBI)

officers conducted 15 searches in Odesa and Mykolaiv

regions, as well as in Kherson and Beryslav district Territorial Centres for Recruitment and Social Support

(TCRSSs). The institutions are being checked for possible corrupt practices of the staff during the general

mobilisation, illegal "exemption" from mobilisation of reserve officers and other persons liable for military

service. Previous inspections have already revealed numerous instances of abuse by military commissars

and unjustified deregistration of reserve officers on the basis of fictitious certificates from the military

registration and enlistment offices. Based on the results of the inspections, three officials of Territorial

Centres for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSSs) were notified of suspicion

https://dbr.gov.ua/news/dbr-provodit-slidchi-dii-u-vijskkomatah-ta-vlk-dlya-viyavlennya-faktiv-korupcii.-porusheni- kriminalni-

provadzhennya

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LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES:

COMBATING CRIME IN THE ACTIVITIES OF MILITARY

MEDICAL COMMISSIONS (MMCS)

According to the State Bureau of Investigation (SBI), a total of 260 criminal proceedings related to

the work of Territorial Centres for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSSs) and Military Medical

Commissions (MMCs) are being investigated in 2023.

As part of these criminal proceedings, the State Bureau of Investigation (SBI) also documented the

facts of receiving illegal benefits worth

almost UAH 4 million by officials2.

The above facts demonstrate the widespread abuse of power by officers of Territorial Centres for

Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSSs) and officials of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs), in

particular, for the purpose of obtaining unlawful benefits.

https://dbr.gov.ua/news/dbr-rozslidue-260-kriminalnih-provadzhen-za-faktami-porushen-u-vijskkomatah-ta-vijskovo- likarskih-

komisiyah

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

SOURCES OF CORRUPTION RISKS IN THE

ACTIVITIES OF MILITARY MEDICAL

COMMISSIONS (MMCs):

individual dishonesty of the chairperson and members of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs);

imperfect legal regulation of the activities of military medical examination (MME) bodies and conduct of

military medical examination (MME);

using different approaches to conducting internal investigations and calculating payments;

Excessive discretionary powers of the members and the head of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) when

conducting medical examinations;

Excessive discretionary powers of the head of Territorial Centres for Recruitment and Social Support

(TCRSSs), head of the healthcare facility (institution) in forming the personal composition of Military

Medical Commission (MMC);

Inadequate material and technical support for the activities of Military Medical Commission (MMC);

low level of remuneration of civilian and military doctors performing military medical

examination (MME)

unclear procedure for pre-trial appeal of the decisions of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs);

Slowdown in the digitalisation of Military Medical Commission (MMC) operations;

Formation of networks of corruption ties based on existing formal institutional and functional

interactions between doctors, Military Medical Commissions (MMCs),

Medical and Social Expert

Commissions (MSECs)

and other bodies;

insufficient awareness of persons liable for military service and military personnel about their rights

and opportunities to receive services without corruption.

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

SYSTEMIC PROBLEMS OF PREVENTING

CORRUPTION AND DRIVERS OF CORRUPTION RISKS

IN THE ACTIVITIES OF MILITARY MEDICAL

COMMISSIONS (MMCs)

Increased demand for fake decisions on unfitness for military service, and in some cases, with

subsequent disability determination based on them, in exchange for providing undue benefits to the

officials of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) and

Medical and Social Expert Commissions (MSECs);

involvement of "corrupt intermediaries" who provide services to facilitate obtaining a decision on

unfitness for military service by using their official and personal connections;

criminal cases against Military Medical Commission (MMC) officials are mostly concluded by the court

approving preliminary agreements with the investigation on pleading guilty to criminal offences, the

punishment for which is limited to fines

. The analysis of court practice shows that there is no additional

punishment in the form of deprivation of the right to practice medicine, and only a small part of the

verdicts in this category provides for temporary deprivation of the right to hold positions related to the

exercise of organisational and administrative functions.

https://reyestr.court.gov.ua/Review/113943966

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SECTION I.

THE PROCEDURE FOR THE FORMATION OF THE

MILITARY MEDICAL EXAMINATION (MME) BODIES

Corruption risk 1.

Emergence of corruption factors due to excessive flexibility of legal

regulation of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs)

RISK DESCRIPTION

The system of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) that existed before the outbreak of full-scale

war was not ready for the needs of wartime, in particular, due to imperfect legal regulation of Military

Medical Commissions (MMCs) and conduct of military medical examination (MME). It is the Cabinet of

Ministers of Ukraine (CMU) resolution that should have outlined the legal framework for the activities of

Military Medical Commissions (MMCs), which would have met the requirements set out in the

Fundamentals of the Legislation of Ukraine on Healthcare, which stipulate that the procedure for

organising and conducting military medical examination is established by the Cabinet of Ministers of

Ukraine (CMU) (part 4 of Article 70).

In addition, the Report of the Venice Commission No. 512/2009 "On the Rule of Law", adopted at

the 86th plenary session on 25-26 March 2011, explains the concept of "legal certainty". In particular, it

is noted that the state must make the text of the law easily accessible; it is also obliged to comply with

the laws it has enacted and apply them in a predictable manner and with logical consistency.

Foreseeability means that the law should be announced in advance (before it is applied), if possible,

and should be predictable as to its consequences: it should be formulated with sufficient clarity to enable

a person to direct his or her behaviour (para. 44)

The expediency of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine (CMU) adoption of a standard procedure for

organising and conducting military medical examination (MME) is also due to the need to ensure the

stability of legal relations and predictability of legal regulation of the PIC's activities.

Currently, according to the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine (CMU) Resolution No. 708 of 07.09.1993

"On the Procedure for Organising and Conducting Military Medical Examination"

5 ,

the Ministry of Defence

of Ukraine is tasked, in particular, with developing the Regulation on Military Medical Examination and

Medical Examination in the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

https://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffle=CDL-AD(2011)003rev2-ukr

https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/708-93-%D0%BF#Text

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SECTION I.

THE PROCEDURE FOR THE FORMATION OF THE

MILITARY MEDICAL EXAMINATION (MME) BODIES

However, this Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine (CMU) does not contain a standard procedure

for organising and conducting a military medical examination (MME), on the basis of which the

Ministry of Defence of Ukraine, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, the Security Service of

Ukraine and, if necessary, other bodies or military formations of the security and defence sector,

as defined by part 2 of Article 12 of the Law of Ukraine "On National Security of Ukraine", should

adopt the relevant Regulations on military medical examination.

At the same time, the current Order No. 402 is drafted in violation of the rules of legal

technique and contains corruption-prone factors. In particular, the failure to comply with the

principle of legal certainty leads to corruption risks in the formation and operation of Military

Medical Commissions (MMCs).

At the same time, strict adherence to the procedure for adopting and amending Cabinet of

Ministers of Ukraine (CMU)

will eliminate the corruption factor caused by excessive flexibility of

such a legal regulation instrument as an order of a central executive body, and will prevent chaotic

and inconsistent changes. In addition, the new procedure of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine

(CMU) for passing Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) should be based on a human-centred

approach and developed with the involvement of interested central authorities, expert, veteran

and other non-governmental organisation (NGOs).

https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/950-2007-%D0%BF#Text

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SECTION I.

THE PROCEDURE FOR THE FORMATION OF THE

MILITARY MEDICAL EXAMINATION (MME) BODIES

Corruption risk 2.

Abuses in the formation of the staff of the Military Medical

Commissions (MMCs) and the appointment of the head of Central

Military Medical Commission (CMMC) due to unclear legal

regulation

RISK DESCRIPTION

In accordance with clause 2.1 of Chapter 2, Section I of Order No. 402, military medical examination

commissions (MMCs) are established to conduct military medical examinations, both full-time and part-

time (permanent and temporary). Taking into account the latest amendments to the Regulation on

Military Medical Examination in the Armed Forces of Ukraine, approved by the order of the Ministry of

Defence of Ukraine of 18.08.2023

No. 490, it is worth noting that the number of full-time Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) has now decreased

and includes them:

1. Central Military Medical Commission (CMMC);

2. The regional medical examination commissions (MMCs).

According to information received from the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine, the staff of regional

medical examination commissions (MMCs) are military personnel and employees of the Armed Forces of

Ukraine, while the staff of the Central Military Medical Commissions (CMMCs) are military personnel and

civil servants.

The staff of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) is staffed by doctors with clinical training in one

of the medical specialties (therapy, surgery, neurology, psychiatry, otorhinolaryngology, ophthalmology,

healthcare organisation, etc.), with experience in military units and healthcare institutions (part 2, clause

2.2, chapter 2, section I of Order No. 402).

Subparagraphs 2.4.1 and 2.4.2 of Chapter 2 of Section I of Order No. 402 stipulate that the

appointment of officers to the positions of regular Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) is subject to the

approval of the head of the Central Military Medical Commission (CMMC). The head of the regional

Military Medical Commission (MMC) is directly subordinate to the head of the Central Military Medical

Commission (CMMC).

At the same time, Order No. 402 still does not regulate the procedure for appointing

members, the chairman, deputy chairman and secretary of Military Medical Commissions

(MMCs), in particular, the number of members of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) required

for the functioning of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs); the maximum number of members

of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs); requirements for the length of service of members, the

chairman, deputy chairman and secretary of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs); restrictions

on appointments to positions in Military Medical Commissions (MMCs); regulation of conflicts of

interest, etc.

The lack of clear regulation of the activities of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) leads

to their non-transparent establishment and operation in conditions of possible conflict of interest.

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SECTION I.

THE PROCEDURE FOR THE FORMATION OF THE

MILITARY MEDICAL EXAMINATION (MME) BODIES

It is also worth noting that the Regulation on Military Service of Citizens of Ukraine in the Armed

Forces of Ukraine, approved by Presidential Decree No. 1153/2008 of 10 December 2008, also does not

provide for any qualification requirements for military personnel who are members of the regular Military

Medical Commission (MMC).

Thus, the unclear legal regulation of the formation of the composition of Military Medical

Commissions (MMCs) contributes to the emergence of corruption risks associated with the non-

transparent appointment of persons to the positions in Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) and

the dishonest performance of their tasks.

In addition, in accordance with subparagraph 2.3.2 of paragraph 2.3 of Section I of Order

No. 402, the head of the Central Military Medical Commission (CMMC) is directly subordinate to

the Commander of the Medical Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

However, Order No. 402 does not establish qualification requirements for the head of the

Central Military Medical Commission (CMMC), the term of office and the procedure for

appointment. Given that all regular Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) are directly

subordinated to the Head of the Central Military Medical Commission (CMMC), the absence of a

term of office for the Head of the Central Military Medical Commission (CMMC) facilitates the

formation of stable personal and official relations and leads to corruption risks in decision-making,

including in the context of a conflict of interest.

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

SECTION I.

THE PROCEDURE FOR THE FORMATION OF THE

MILITARY MEDICAL EXAMINATION (MME) BODIES

Corruption risk 3.

Abuses in the formation of the staff and appointment of the heads of

non-staff permanent Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) due to

Unclear legal regulation

RISK DESCRIPTION

According to subparagraphs 2.5.1 of paragraph 2.5, Chapter 2, Section I, Order No. 402, the following are

considered to be non-staff permanent Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) (medical advisory commissions):

hospital Military Medical Commissions (MMCs); garrison Military Medical Commissions (MMCs); Military Medical

Commissions (MMCs); Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) of the Air Assault Forces; Military Medical

Commissions (MMCs) of Territorial Centres for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSSs); Military Medical

Commissions (MMCs) of the intelligence agency of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine; Military Medical

Commissions (MMCs) of the Special Operations Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine; Military Medical

Commissions (MMCs) of other healthcare institutions of municipal or state ownership.

Sub-clause 2.5.2 of clause 2.5 of Chapter 2 of Section I of Order No. 402 stipulates that non-staff (permanent

and temporary) Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) (medical advisory commissions) are appointed as a

chairman, deputy chairman (one of the commission members may be appointed), commission members (in garrison

Military Medical Commissions (MMCs), hospital Military Medical Commissions (MMCs), Military Medical

Commissions (MMCs) of Territorial Centres for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSSs) at least three doctors, in

other Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) and medical advisory commissions

–

a therapist, surgeon,

uropathologist, ophthalmologist, dentist, otorhinolaryngologist, psychiatrist) and a secretary from among

specialists with medical education. Doctors of other specialties may be appointed to the composition of Military

Medical Commissions (MMCs) (medical advisory commissions).

The composition of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) (medical advisory commissions) of Territorial

Centres for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSSs) includes medical workers of a healthcare institution of

communal or state ownership, determined by the decision of the executive body of the village, settlement, city

council (heads of the regional, Kyiv city military administrations, as well as district military administrations and

military administrations of settlements), in agreement with the head of the relevant regular Military Medical

Commission (MMC) of the region (subparagraph 2.5.3 of paragraph 2.5 of the same chapter and section of Order

No. 402).

Subparagraph 2.5.5 of paragraph 2.5 of Chapter 2 of Section I of Order No. 402 stipulates that chief (leading)

medical specialists, heads of departments and other medical specialists of healthcare institutions in the system of

the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine, heads of medical services of military units where the serviceman under

examination serves, and military specialists are involved in the work of non-staff Military Medical Commissions

(MMCs) as members of the commission.

It is worth noting that Order No. 402 does not provide for qualification requirements for members,

deputy chairman, chairman and secretary of the non-staff permanent Military Medical Commission (MMC);

the maximum number of members of the non-staff Military Medical Commission (MMC); restrictions on

appointments to the non-staff Military Medical Commission (MMC); settlement of conflicts of interest, etc.

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SECTION I.

THE PROCEDURE FOR THE FORMATION OF THE

MILITARY MEDICAL EXAMINATION (MME) BODIES

In addition, Order No. 402 does not regulate the question of which doctors - civilian and/or military -

are to form the composition of non-staff permanent Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) (except for

Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) of Territorial Centres for Recruitment and Social Support

(TCRSSs)), and does not provide for the ratio of such doctors in the composition of the relevant Military

Medical Commission (MMC).

Subparagraphs 2.5.6 and 2.5.7 of paragraph 2.5 of Chapter 2 of Section I of Order No. 402 stipulate that the

list of healthcare facilities (institutions), military units where non-staff permanent Military Medical Commissions

(MMCs) (medical advisory commissions) are organised, together with the list of chairmen and deputy chairmen of

these Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) (medical advisory commissions) for the next calendar year, is approved

annually by 25 December by the Head of the Central Military Medical Commission (CMMC) upon submission of the

heads of the regular Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) of the regions. During the special period, if there is a

need to create additional non-staff permanent Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) (medical advisory

commissions), the said list together with the list of chairmen and deputy chairmen of Military Medical Commissions

(MMCs) (medical advisory commissions) shall be immediately submitted to the Head of the Central Military Medical

Commission (CMMC) for approval by the heads of the regular SLCs of the regions.

On the basis of the approved list, the head (manager) of the healthcare facility (institution) shall appoint non-

staff permanent Military Medical Commissions (MMCs), their personnel and determine the procedure for their

work by his/her order.

The chairman of the non-staff permanent Military Medical Commission (MMC) is a doctor who has

undergone technical improvement (training) in military medical examination or has at least three years of

experience in Military Medical Commissions.

However, Order No. 402 does not provide for a general procedure for appointing the chairman and

deputy chairman of the non-staff permanent Military Medical Commission (MMC).

At the same time, part 3, subpara. 2.8.1, para.8, chapter 2, section I, Order No. 402 establishes that the head

of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) of a district (city) Territorial Centres for Recruitment and Social Support

(TCRSSs) is appointed by the order of the head of the district Territorial Centre for Recruitment and Social Support

(TCRSS) after agreement with the chief physician of the district (city) hospital, the head of Military Medical

Commissions (MMCs) of the regional Territorial Centre for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSS), the

Autonomous Republic of Crimea, the Kyiv city Territorial Centre for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSS), and

the Sevastopol city Territorial Centre for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSS).

According to part 4 of subparagraph 2.8.1 of paragraph 2.8 of chapter 2 of section I of Order No. 402, the

head of the Military Medical Commission (MMC) of the regional Territorial Centre for Recruitment and Social

Support (TCRSS) (of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Kyiv city Territorial Centre for Recruitment and Social

Support (TCRSS) , Sevastopol city Territorial Centre for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSS) ) is appointed as the

head of the medical department of this Territorial Centre for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSS) by order of

the head of the Territorial Centre for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSS) after approval by the head of the

regional Military Medical Commission (MMC).

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

SECTION I.

THE PROCEDURE FOR THE FORMATION OF THE

MILITARY MEDICAL EXAMINATION (MME) BODIES

The use of such evaluative concepts as "the most experienced in Military Medical

Examination" in Order No. 402 will contribute to the non-transparent selection of the head of the

relevant Military Medical Commission (MMC).

At the same time, Order No. 402 does not provide for a separate procedure for the

appointment of the head of a hospital Military Medical Commission (MMC), garrison Military

Medical Commission (MMC), Military Medical Commission (MMC), Military Medical Commission

(MMC) of the Air Assault Forces, Military Medical Commission (MMC) of the intelligence agency

of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine, Military Medical Commission (MMC) of the Special

Operations Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and Military Medical Commission (MMC) of

other healthcare institutions of municipal or state ownership.

Thus, the absence of a unified approach to the formation of the composition of non-staff

permanent Military Medical Commission (MMC) and their chairpersons may serve as another

negative factor that will not only lead to the use of excessively subjective approaches in the

appointment of members and chairpersons of non-staff permanent Military Medical Commission

(MMC), but may also become the basis for the development of corruption practices.

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SECTION I.

THE PROCEDURE FOR THE FORMATION OF THE

MILITARY MEDICAL EXAMINATION (MME) BODIES

Corruption risk 4.

Duplication of powers of military authorities, local self-government

and state authorities due to the unregulated procedure for

establishing Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) of Territorial

Centres for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSSs)

RISK DESCRIPTION

The previous version of Order No. 402 of 16.04.2021 stipulated that the military commissariat's Military

Medical Commission (MMC) is established in the district (city) military commissariat in accordance with the

procedure established by law in agreement with the interested authorities (subparagraph 2.10.1 of paragraph 2.10

of Chapter 2 of Section I of Order No. 402).

Based on the information received from the regional Territorial Centres for Recruitment and Social Support

(TCRSSs) and from open sources, the Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) of Territorial Centres for Recruitment

and Social Support (TCRSSs) were established both by the order of the mayor or the decision of the executive

committee of the city council, by the orders of the region/district state administration7 , district/region military

administration, and by the order of the head of Territorial Centre for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSS) . Given

the latest amendments to Order No. 402 in August 2023, Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) of Territorial

Centres for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSSs) is currently established in the district (city) Territorial Centres

for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSSs).

To manage and control the activities of these commissions, the Crimean Republican, regional, Kyiv and

Sevastopol city Territorial Centres for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSSs) of the Autonomous Republic of

Crimea, regions, respectively, and the Kyiv and Sevastopol city Military Medical Commission (MMC) are established

(sub-clause 2.8.1 of clause 2.8 of chapter 2 of section I of Order No. 402).

Order No. 402 only establishes the procedure for the appointment of the chairman and members of Military

Medical Commission (MMC) of Territorial Centres for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSSs) by the head of the

respective Territorial Centre for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSS) (see, inter alia, clause 2.8 of Order No. 402)

and states, in particular, that the personal composition of Military Medical Commission (MMC) of the district (city),

regional Territorial Centre for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSS) is determined by orders of the respective

heads of Territorial Centres for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSSs). At the same time, Order No. 402 does not

regulate the procedure for establishing Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) of Territorial Centres for Recruitment

and Social Support (TCRSSs)'s and, accordingly, does not specify the entity authorised to make such a decision.

This creates uncertainty about the entity authorised to make such a decision, which in turn

contributes to the duplication of powers of military authorities, local self-government and state authorities.

https://old.loda.gov.ua/upload/doc/2022/01/37_1643175231.pdf and https://kolrda.gov.ua/sites/kolrda.gov.ua/files/inline- files/23.pdf

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

SECTION I.

THE PROCEDURE FOR THE FORMATION OF THE

MILITARY MEDICAL EXAMINATION (MME) BODIES

Corruption risk 5.

Non-transparent procedure for determining a municipal or state-

owned healthcare facility, which may establish Military Medical

Commissions (MMCs) of Territorial Centres for Recruitment and

Social Support (TCRSSs)

RISK DESCRIPTION

Taking into account the provisions of subparagraph 2.5.3 of paragraph 2.5 of Chapter 2 of Section I

of Order No. 402, the decision of the executive body of the village, town or city council (heads of the

regional, Kyiv city military administrations, as well as district military administrations and military

administrations of settlements), in agreement with the head of the relevant regular Military Medical

Commission (MMC) of the region, determines the list of healthcare institutions of communal or state

ownership.

However, in part 3 of Article 70 of the Fundamentals of Legislation of Ukraine on Healthcare

and in the Order No. 402 does not provide for criteria and/or conditions (e.g., material and

technical support, availability of doctors who may be members of the relevant Military Medical

Commission (MMC), etc.) that are necessary to determine the medical institutions where non-

staff permanent Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) may be established.

In addition, subparagraph 2.5.10 of paragraph 2.5 of Chapter 2 of Section I of Order No. 402

establishes that the provision of non-staff Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) with medical equipment

and property, medical devices, instruments, medicines, household equipment, furniture, real property

and stationery, allocation of premises and provision of utilities to them is the responsibility of healthcare

facilities (institutions) and military units where these commissions are established.

The absence of criteria for determining a municipal or state-owned healthcare facility creates

legal uncertainty that can lead to excessive discretion in determining such a facility and makes it

impossible to select a facility in a transparent manner, in particular, taking into account the

conditions of its technical equipment to ensure the operation of Military Medical Commissions

(MMCs) and the creation of all necessary conditions for the medical examination of persons liable

for military service and military personnel.

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

SECTION I.

THE PROCEDURE FOR THE FORMATION OF THE

MILITARY MEDICAL EXAMINATION (MME) BODIES

Corruption risk 6.

Abuse of authority by the head (chief) of the healthcare facility

(institution) and the head of Territorial Centres for Recruitment and

Social Support (TCRSSs) in the formation of the staff of Military

Medical Commissions (MMCs)

RISK DESCRIPTION

Taking into account the provisions of sub-clauses 2.5.6 and 2.5.7 of clause 2.5 of chapter 2 of section

I of Order No. 402, based on the approved list of healthcare facilities (institutions), military units where

non-staff permanent Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) (medical advisory commissions) are

organised, the head (manager) of the healthcare facility (institution) shall appoint non-staff permanent

Military Medical Commissions (MMCs), their staff and determine the procedure for their work by his/her

order.

At the same time, the personal composition of Military Medical Commission (MMC) of the district

(city), regional Territorial Centre for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSS) is determined by orders of

the respective heads of Territorial Centres for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSSs) (part 5 of

subparagraph 2.8.1 of paragraph 2.8 of chapter 2 of section I of Order No. 402).

In addition, there are still questions about what criteria and requirements should be used by the

head of Territorial Centre for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSS) to determine qualified members of

Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) of Territorial Centre for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSS)

and whether granting the head of Territorial Centre for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSS) such

exclusive powers will allow for a transparent and high-quality selection of doctors.

Probably, the list of such doctors who can be involved as members of Military Medical Commissions

(MMCs) of Territorial Centres for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSSs) should be provided in

accordance with the decisions of the executive body of the village, town or city council (heads of the

regional, Kyiv city military administrations, as well as district military administrations and military

administrations of settlements).

However, Order No. 402 does not provide for any anti-corruption safeguards that would

facilitate the transparent formation of the composition of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs)

of Territorial Centre for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSS).

Thus, the appointment of the personnel of the non-staff permanent Military Medical

Commissions (MMCs) is within the discretionary powers of the head of the healthcare facility

(institution) and the head of Territorial Centres for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSSs).

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

SECTION I.

THE PROCEDURE FOR THE FORMATION OF THE

MILITARY MEDICAL EXAMINATION (MME) BODIES

Therefore, it is undeniable that discretion is part of managerial authority, and its unrestricted

exercise creates corruption risks.

However, in the case of appointment of members of non-staff Military Medical Commissions

(MMCs), there are established filters that should guide the head of the healthcare institution and

the head of Territorial Centres for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSSs) in making such a

decision, in particular, the establishment of qualification requirements for members of a

permanent non-staff Military Medical Commission (MMC), remuneration, and restrictions on

appointment to positions in the regular Military Medical Commission (MMC).

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

SECTION I.

THE PROCEDURE FOR THE FORMATION OF THE

MILITARY MEDICAL EXAMINATION (MME) BODIES

Corruption risk 7.

Manipulations in determining and paying civilian doctors

RISK DESCRIPTION

According to Order No. 402, Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) of Territorial Centres for

Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSSs)s include medical workers of municipal or state-owned

healthcare institutions, determined by the decision of the executive body of the village, town or city

council (heads of the regional, Kyiv city military administrations, as well as district military administrations

and military administrations of settlements), in agreement with the head of the relevant regular Military

Medical Commission (MMC) of the region.

According to part 6 of Art. 43 of the Law of Ukraine "On Military Duty and Military Service",

members of

commissions for assignment to enlistment offices, enlistment and

Military Medical

Commissions at the relevant district (city) territorial centres for recruitment and social support,

doctors and paramedical staff, technicians and service personnel, who are sent to work at recruiting

stations and assembly points during the registration of conscripts for military service and conscription of

citizens for military service or for training for medical examination and re-examination of citizens, as well

as for sending conscripts to assembly points, shall

retain their position and average salary at their

main place of work for the entire period of performance of these duties.

Thus, in accordance with the Law of Ukraine "On Military Duty and Military Service", members of

Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) retain their position and average salary at their main place of work.

Before the latest changes were introduced in May and August 2023, the doctors of Military Medical

Commissions (MMCs) of Territorial Centre for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSS) only worked on the

basis of Territorial Centre for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSS), and no separate funding was

provided.

However, the Procedure for Implementation of the Programme of State Guarantees of Medical Care

for the Population in 2023, approved by Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine (CMU) No. 1464 of 27 December

2022, has now been supplemented by Chapter 361.

"Medical examination of persons organised by territorial centres of complex and social support"

according to the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of 18.04.2023 No. 343 (valid until the

date of termination or cancellation of martial law in Ukraine, but not later than 31.12.2023).

These amendments provide, in particular, that the tariff for medical services for medical

examination of persons defined by the specifications is defined as the rate for a medical service, which

will be UAH 883 per medical examination (clause 144-2).

The planned average monthly number of medical examinations may not exceed 150 per month (part

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

SECTION I.

THE PROCEDURE FOR THE FORMATION OF THE

MILITARY MEDICAL EXAMINATION (MME) BODIES

3 of clause 144-3).

Thus, it was only in May 2023 that the Medical Guarantees Programme introduced a package that

allows persons liable for military service to undergo medical examinations in civilian healthcare facilities.

The National Health Service of Ukraine (NHSU) pays for the institutions that provide such services,

and there are currently 484 institutions designated by the regional and Kyiv city military administrations

and assigned to recruitment centres, for which funding of

UAH 226.2 million is provided

Also, as of 13.09.2023,

UAH 52 million 419 thousand

was paid to institutions for services provided

under the package "Medical examination of persons organised by territorial centres of recruitment and

social support "

Pursuant to Article 77(1)(g) of the

Fundamentals

of Legislation

Ukraine on Healthcare,

medical

and pharmaceutical workers have, inter alia, the right to remuneration in state and municipal

healthcare institutions in the amount not lower than that determined by the Cabinet of Ministers

of Ukraine, including the minimum wage guarantees.

Accordingly, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine adopted Resolution No. 28 of 13.01.2023 "Some

issues of remuneration of employees of state and municipal healthcare institutions "

Since the programme of state guarantees of medical care for the population includes a package that

allows people to undergo medical examinations organised by territorial recruitment and social support

centres, the remuneration of doctors who conduct such medical examinations depends on the number of

medical examinations conducted and is funded by the NHSU.

https://www.kmu.gov.ua/news/moz-pratsiuie-nad-vykonanniam-rishennia-rnbo-z-vdoskonalennia-roboty-vlk

https://moz.gov.ua/article/news/udoskonalennja-vijskovo-likarskoi-ekspertizi-nad-chim-pracjue-moz

https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/28-2023-%D0%BF#Tex

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

SECTION I.

THE PROCEDURE FOR THE FORMATION OF THE

MILITARY MEDICAL EXAMINATION (MME) BODIES

Thus, there are currently two procedures for remuneration of doctors who are involved in the

work of the relevant Military Medical Commission (MMC) as members and/or chairpersons:

1) the doctor retains his/her position and average salary at the main place of work;

2) The NHSU pays the doctors involved based on the number of medical examinations

performed.

The existence of a legal conflict regarding the procedure for remuneration of civilian doctors

contributes to the disruption of the systemic nature of legal regulation and thus reduces its

effectiveness, and thus creates conditions for abuse in the process of remuneration of doctors.

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

SECTION II. ACTIVITIES OF MILITARY

MEDICAL COMMISSIONS (MMCs)

Corruption risk 8.

Using the uncertainty of the timing of military medical examination

(MME) to set up corruption schemes

RISK DESCRIPTION

The current legislation does not provide for a time limit for the medical examination by the

Military Medical Commission (MMC) to determine the degree of fitness for military service.

The absence of a time limit for the conduct of military medical examination (MME) may give

rise to excessive discretionary powers of military medical examination (MME) officials. In addition,

such legal uncertainty creates conditions for abuse of rights by both the chairman/members of

Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) and persons liable for military service.

Prior to the examination of persons liable for military service/citizens being considered as

candidates for a contract for service in the military reserve, they undergo a general blood test, urine test,

and serological blood test for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), surface antigen to

hepatitis B virus (HbsAg), total antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV), micro-precipitation reaction with

cardiolipin antigen or total antibodies to pale treponema (RW); blood group and Rh status are determined,

chest X-ray and ECG are performed.

People over 40 years of age must have their intraocular pressure measured and blood sugar tested.

Other tests are performed according to indications. Referrals for the above laboratory and instrumental

examinations may be made by doctors from municipal or state-owned healthcare facilities involved in the

medical examination of persons liable for military service (clause 3.4 of Chapter 3 and clause 5.1 of

Chapter 5 of Section II of Order No. 402).

In accordance with established practice, referrals for laboratory tests are made by Military Medical

Commissions (MMCs) at the initial stage of medical examination of persons liable for military

service/citizens who are considered candidates for a contract for service in the military reserve.

However, Order No. 402 also does not specify the timeframe for such tests and does not

regulate the process of referring persons for laboratory and instrumental tests.

In order to eliminate legal uncertainty, it should be stipulated that it is the Military Medical

Commission (MMC) that issues referrals to persons liable for military service/citizens who are considered

candidates for a contract for service in the military reserve for mandatory laboratory and instrumental

tests, and, if medically indicated, for other laboratory and instrumental tests. for other laboratory and

instrumental examinations, and for other medical reasons.

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

SECTION II. ACTIVITIES OF

MILITARY MEDICAL

COMMISSIONS (MMCs)

In addition, Order No. 402 does not define a specific list of healthcare facilities where such

studies may be conducted.

Indeed, on the one hand, this lack of regulation allows persons liable for military service/citizens

who are considered candidates for a contract for service in the military reserve to undergo laboratory and

instrumental examinations in both private and public healthcare facilities. At the same time, they receive

a legal tool for artificially delaying the process of undergoing laboratory and instrumental examinations,

along with the possibility of reaching corrupt agreements with doctors who conduct these examinations

in exchange for unlawful benefit or in conditions of a conflict of interest.

In view of this, the provisions of Order No. 402 need to be clarified in order to clearly define

the subject of the referral for instrumental and laboratory tests, limit the range of healthcare

facilities where a person can undergo such tests, and establish specific time limits for their

completion.

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

SECTION II. ACTIVITIES OF

MILITARY MEDICAL

COMMISSIONS (MMCs)

Corruption risk 9.

Demanding unlawful benefit for taking into account all existing

diseases and conditions during medical examinations

RISK DESCRIPTION

In accordance with clause 1.1 of Chapter 1, Section II of Order No. 402, a medical examination

includes the study and assessment of the state of health and physical development of citizens at the time

of the examination in order to determine the degree of fitness for military service, training in military

medical specialities, and other issues stipulated by this Regulation, with a written conclusion (resolution).

For the purposes of this Regulation, fitness for military service means a state of health and physical

development of citizens that allows them to perform service duties in a particular military speciality in the

Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations established in accordance with the law

(hereinafter referred to as other military formations) in peacetime and wartime.

Paragraph 1.2 of Chapter 2 of Section II of Order No. 402 provides that the decisions of Military

Medical Commissions (MMCs) are made on the basis of the Schedule of Diseases, explanations on the

application of the articles of the Schedule of Diseases and other additional health requirements. Each

person liable for military service is examined by a surgeon, physician, neurologist, psychiatrist,

ophthalmologist, otorhinolaryngologist, dentist, dermatologist, and, if medically necessary, by doctors of

other specialities (part 2, clause 3.2, chapter 3, section II of Order No. 402).

In accordance with paragraphs 8-12 of clause 3.8 of chapter 3 of section II of this Order No. 402,

upon completion of the medical examination during mobilisation, the Military Medical Commission

(MMC) issues one of the following decisions in respect of a person liable for military service:

•

"Fit for military service";

•

"Temporarily unfit for military service (indicate the date of the second examination)";

•

"Unfit for military service with exclusion from military registration";

•

"Restrictedly fit for military service".

It should be noted that, according to the Schedule of Diseases, fitness for military service is

established not by a combination of diseases or conditions, but by the degree of impairment of

body functions that may cause the relevant diseases, conditions or physical disabilities

https://reyestr.court.gov.ua/Review/113098842

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

SECTION II. ACTIVITIES OF

MILITARY MEDICAL

COMMISSIONS (MMCs)

Thus, the assessment is based on the state of individual bodies and systems of agencies

and does not take into account their interconnectedness.

However, the failure to take into account the totality of diseases casts doubt on the objectivity

of the decisions of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) on fitness and limited fitness and is the

result of an overly formalised approach to medical examinations and assessment of the degree

of fitness for military service.

This approach to medical examinations by Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) contradicts the

international experience of NATO, the UK and the US, described by the Human Rights Centre "Principle"

NGO in an analytical study on the system of determining fitness for service

. In particular, according to

the principles of fitness assessment reflected in the NATO manual on the assessment of fitness for military

missions for military personnel, a soldier with more than one medical condition may be declared unfit to

participate in a NATO mission due to the possible adverse effect of the concomitant pathology.

It is worth noting that with the beginning of the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation and the

increase in the pace of mobilisation, an acute problem of inefficiency in the conduct of medical

examinations by Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) arose due to the deliberate disregard for the

procedure and failure to take into account the individual health characteristics of persons. As a result, the

number of complaints about the formal nature of medical examinations and the failure to take into

account the medical indications of persons undergoing the Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) has

increased.

In particular, situations have become increasingly publicised when persons who, for health reasons

and medical indications, should be declared unfit for military service in accordance with the Schedule of

Diseases, cannot obtain confirmation of their unfitness for military service, as the issuance of the relevant

decision is seen by the officials of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) as a way of obtaining unlawful

benefit, regardless of the existence of objective grounds for declaring a person unfit.

Thus, the obligation to conduct

military medical examination (MME)

is vested solely in Military

Medical Commissions (MMCs), but vesting Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) with such discretion

requires that the following "fuses" against illegal activities be enshrined in the legal act: effective review

of Military Medical Commission (MMC) decisions to protect the rights of servicemen; effective

implementation of an electronic medical information system in Military Medical Commissions (MMCs)

activities to ensure that all medical documents for each serviceman are quickly obtained, medical

confidentiality is respected and the possibility of falsification of such documents is reduced;

implementation of an electronic document management system electronic document management

system between Military Medical Commissions (MMCs), military units and civilian institutions healthcare

institutions.

https://pryncyp.com/publications/%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1

%8F-%D1%89%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE-%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8-%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%

D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82

%D1%96-%D0%B4%D0%BE-%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B8

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

SECTION II. ACTIVITIES OF

MILITARY MEDICAL

COMMISSIONS (MMCs)

FOR REFERENCE

NATO's Red, Yellow and Green approach

to assessing an individual's fitness for duty is a conceptual

framework for reflecting the degree of risk that an individual may not be able to successfully complete a

mission for medical reasons.

The successful completion of a mission for a serviceman is determined by the following five criteria:

1) completion of deployment (i.e. no need for early repatriation);

2) the ability to perform all of their duties without restriction during the deployment period so as

not to jeopardise the success of the mission;

3) no aggravation of their condition that threatens the safety of others;

5) no significant additional requirements for medical care/assessment compared to garrison

requirements;

6) no significant deterioration of the medical condition as a result of the mission.

A person's readiness to participate in a mission is assessed as:

RED:

high risk of failure based on one or more of the five criteria above - unfit for mission.

GREEN:

low risk of failure for one or more of the five criteria above - fit for mission.

YELLOW:

Moderate risk of failure based on one or more of the five criteria above. To determine this

level of risk, the physician estimates the likelihood of deployment based on the nature of the condition,

his or her own experience with the condition, and the expected deployment environment.

For example, a person's diagnosis of two diagnoses, each of which is classified as "yellow",

may be grounds for declaring a person unfit to participate in a NATO military mission, although

these diagnoses cannot prevent participation in a NATO military mission.

https://www.sto.nato.int/publications/STO%20Technical%20Reports/Forms/Technical%20Report%20Document%20

Set/docsethomepage.aspx?ID=2770sFolderCTID=0x0120D5200078F9E87043356C409A0D30823AFA16F6010066D541ED10A62

C40B2AB0FEBE9841A61sList=92d5819c-e6ec-4241-aa4e-57bf918681b1sRootFolder=%2Fpublications%2FSTO%20Technical%20 Reports%2FSTO%2DTR%2DHFM%2D174

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

SECTION II. ACTIVITIES OF

MILITARY MEDICAL

COMMISSIONS (MMCs)

CASE 1

Law enforcers exposed the head of a municipal medical institution on receiving an undue

benefit of USD 3,000 for a certificate of unfitness for military service

According to the investigation, the serviceman, who had certain illnesses, applied to the

head of the Military Medical Commission, the head of the branch of the municipal non-profit

enterprise "Consultative Diagnostic Centre", for a Military Medical Commission with subsequent

exclusion from military treatment.

The latter stated that, allegedly, regardless of any existing illnesses, a certificate of unfitness

for military service with exclusion from the register would be issued only if he was given

USD

3,000

15,

CASE 2

The Odesa Specialised Defence Prosecutor's Office of the Southern Region of Ukraine

initiated criminal proceedings on the grounds of a criminal offence under Part 4 of Article 425 of

the Criminal Code of Ukraine regarding the possible negligence of military service by officials of

the Berezivskyi Territorial Centre for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSS) of Odesa region.

In the course of the pre-trial investigation, investigators are checking the legality of the citizen's

conscription for military service, taking into account his health condition

(epilepsy)

In addition, the Mykolaiv Specialised Defence Prosecutor's Office of the Southern Region

initiated criminal proceedings on the grounds of a criminal offence under Part 4 of Article 425 of

the Criminal Code of Ukraine regarding possible negligence of military service by medical officers

of a military unit in Mykolaiv region.

During the pre-trial investigation, investigators check the timeliness of providing qualified

emergency medical care to a serviceman after an

epileptic attack.

https://kyiv.npu.gov.ua/news/3-000-dolariv-ssha-za-dovidku-pro-neprydatnist-do-viiskovoi-sluzhby-politseiski-kyieva- zatrymaly-

zaviduvacha-medzakladu

https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-kyiv/3691037-u-kievi-golovu-vlk-vikrili-na-habari-za-znatta-z-vijskovogo-obliku.html

https://reyestr.court.gov.ua/Review/112680002

https://vppdr.gp.gov.ua/ua/news.html?_m=publicationss_c=views_t=recsid=339596

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

SECTION II. ACTIVITIES OF

MILITARY MEDICAL

COMMISSIONS (MMCs)

CASE 3

The serviceman filed a lawsuit with the administrative court against the military unit's Military

Medical Commission (MMC), in which he asked, in particular, to declare

unlawful and cancel

the decision of the garrison Military Medical Commission (MMC) of the military unit, which

was

issued by a certificate of the garrison Military Medical Commission (MMC) of the military unit

dated 10.11.2022, according to which the plaintiff was found to be partially fit for military service,

and to oblige the military serviceman to undergo a second medical examination.

The plaintiff argued that the complaints about his

epilepsy had been ignored by Military

Medical Commissions (MMCs), and that he had

not been examined by doctors of other

specialities during the medical examination, although the need for an appropriate examination

was evident from his previous medical examinations.

The Sixth Administrative Court of Appeal, in its ruling of 10.05.2023, noted that the decision

of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) did not show that the defendant had carried out a full

and comprehensive analysis and taken into account all medical indicators regarding the plaintiff's

health. The judicial panel concluded that the decision of the garrison Military Medical Commission

(MMC) of the military unit was unlawful and ordered the defendant to re-examine the serviceman

https://reyestr.court.gov.ua/Review/110801878

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

SECTION II. ACTIVITIES OF

MILITARY MEDICAL

COMMISSIONS (MMCs)

Corruption risk 10.

Refusal to provide a referral for medical examination to

persons who were mobilised into the Armed Forces of Ukraine

without undergoing a military medical examination (MME) in

order to obtain an unlawful benefit

RISK DESCRIPTION

Paragraph 6.1 of Chapter 6 of Section II of Order No. 402 provides that servicemen are referred for

Military Medical Commissions (MMCs):

•

direct superiors from the commander of a separate unit, his equals and above, and regular

military officers,

•

by the heads of Territorial Centres for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSSs),

•

Heads (managers) of healthcare facilities at the place of treatment, military authorities and units

of the Military Law Enforcement Service of the Armed Forces of Ukraine,

•

by the prosecutor's office,

•

by the court in the manner and for the purpose specified in this Regulation.

Direct superiors from the commander of a separate unit, his equals and above have the right to send

subordinate servicemen for a medical examination by the Military Medical Commission (MMC) in order

to determine the degree of fitness for military service on the recommendation of a doctor, if a serviceman

is found to have diseases or trauma (wounds, contusions, injuries) during the examination or treatment

that may limit his fitness or cause his inability to perform military service.

According to an anonymous interview and reports received by the Legal Hundred NGO

hotline, at the beginning of the full-scale invasion, a significant number of people were mobilised

without undergoing a medical examination in the face of urgent need.

However, Order No. 402 currently does not provide for a procedure for mandatory referral

of servicemen who were mobilised without undergoing a medical examination.

Given that the decision to send a serviceman on military service for a medical examination is mainly

within the authority of military unit commanders, there is a need to legally regulate the procedure for

sending servicemen for military medical examination (MME) in order to prevent irreversible deterioration

of their health and to prevent abuse by commanders due to their unlimited due to their unlimited powers.

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

SECTION II. ACTIVITIES OF

MILITARY MEDICAL

COMMISSIONS (MMCs)

In addition, it would be advisable to enshrine in law the right of a serviceman to undergo

military medical examination (MME) and, accordingly, the obligation of commanders to provide a

referral to a serviceman for military medical examination (MME) or a justified written refusal.

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

SECTION II. ACTIVITIES OF

MILITARY MEDICAL

COMMISSIONS (MMCs)

Corruption risk 11.

Involvement of Military Medical Commission (MMC) officials in

corruption schemes for smuggling men of military age across the

state border of Ukraine

RISK DESCRIPTION

In accordance with certain provisions of Part 6 of Article 37 of the Law of Ukraine "On Military Duty

and Military Service", citizens of Ukraine who are, in particular, declared unfit for military service by

Military Medical Commissions and are excluded from military registration at the relevant district (city)

territorial recruitment and social support centres are subject to exclusion from military registration.

In accordance with paragraph 26 of the Rules for Crossing the State Border by Citizens of Ukraine,

approved by the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of 27.01.1995 No. 57, in case of

introduction of a state of emergency or martial law on the territory of Ukraine, the right to cross the state

border, except for the persons specified in paragraphs. 21 and 22 of these Rules, also have other persons

liable for military service who are not subject to call-up for military service during mobilisation

. This

provision does not apply to persons specified in subpara. 2, 3 of part 3 of Article 23 of the Law of Ukraine

o ilisatio preparatio a d o ilisatio ", as well as paragraph ¹⁴ of these Rules.

At the same time, the decision to declare a person unfit for military service and to exclude him or

her from the military register is within the discretionary powers of the Military Medical Commission

(MMC). It is these discretionary powers, multiplied by the lack of clear legal regulation of the activities of

Military Medical Commissions (MMCs), that become the biggest corruption factor in the activities of

Military Medical Commissions (MMCs).

The constant interaction of Territorial Centres for Recruitment and Social Support

(TCRSSs)s with Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) leads to the emergence of strong official

and personal ties between Territorial Centre for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSS) officials

and members/chairman of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs), which, in the context of

increased demand for obtaining illegal documents required to travel abroad and avoid

mobilisation, contributes to the spread of corruption offences and the development of sustainable

corruption schemes.

In this regard, law enforcement agencies systematically expose corruption schemes organised by

third parties, in which the participation of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) is limited to the

preparation of deliberately illegal decisions of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) on unfitness for

military service with exclusion from the military register.

https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/57-95-%D0%BF#Text

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

SECTION II. ACTIVITIES OF

MILITARY MEDICAL

COMMISSIONS (MMCs)

CASE 1

Under the procedural supervision of prosecutors of the Prosecutor General's Office, a pre-

trial investigation is being conducted in criminal proceedings on the facts of organising evasion

from military service during mobilisation. As part of the investigation,

nearly 100 authorised

searches were conducted, and

relevant documents were found and seized.

According to the investigation, officials of the district Territorial Centres for Recruitment and

Social Support (TCRSSs) in the regions,

acting jointly with members of Military Medical

Commission (MMC),

with the mediation of third parties, set up a scheme to issue certificates

declaring men unfit for military service for health reasons. Subsequently, those liable for military

service were removed from the military register. They used the certificates of unfitness for military

service to travel abroad. The average cost of such a service was

USD 6,000

CASE 2

SBI officers detained the deputy head of a department of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine

for illegally processing documents on removing a serviceman from military registration for

unimpeded travel abroad.

The official took

USD 9,000

for his "services". For this money, the

official prepared a conclusion of Military Medical Commission (MMC) on his unfitness for military

service

The official is suspected of smuggling people across the state border on the basis of

certificates of unfitness for military service.

CASE 3

Under the procedural supervision of the Kyiv City Prosecutor's Office, the head of a

department of one of the district Territorial Centres for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSSs)

was served a notice of suspicion of organising illegal trafficking of persons across the state border

of Ukraine. Thus, in exchange for a monetary reward, he promised to issue Military Medical

Commission (MMC) certificates for men liable for military service, according to which they were

declared unfit for military service for health reasons with their subsequent exclusion from military

registration. The cost of issuing the necessary documents was

USD 6,000

–

7,000

https://gp.gov.ua/ua/posts/maize-100-obsukiv-u-viiskkomatax-11-regionei-vikrito-masstabnu-sxemu-uxilennya-vid-prizovu

dbr.gov.ua/news/dbr-zatrimalo-posadovcya-minoboroni-ukraini-yakij-za-habari-perepravlyav-vijskovozobovyazanih-za- kordon

kyiv.gp.gov.ua/ua/news.html?_m=publicationss_t=recsid=335215sfp=200

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

SECTION II. ACTIVITIES OF

MILITARY MEDICAL

COMMISSIONS (MMCs)

CASE 4

Under the procedural supervision of the Kharkiv Specialised Defence Prosecutor's Office of

the Eastern Region, the head of Territorial Centres for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSSs)

of Kharkiv and the head of Military Medical Commission (MMC) of Territorial Centres for

Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSSs) were served with a notice of suspicion. The suspects

are charged with forgery in office, and the head of the military enlistment office is also charged

with organising the illegal transfer of persons across the state border of Ukraine (Part 1 of Article

366, Parts 2, 3 of Article 332 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine).

According to the investigation, the official was in charge of organising the illegal cross-border

trafficking of potential evaders. By prior conspiracy with the head of the military registration and

enlistment office, he signed and issued forged documents to persons liable for military service

with a note on their unfitness for military service without their actually passing the military

registration and enlistment office. The monetary reward for such services was

USD 5,000-7,000

CASE 5

According to the National Agency, since March 2022, two persons have systematically

crossed the state border as drivers of vehicles. At the same time, between March 2022 and July

2023, 93 men travelled abroad as passengers with these individuals, 73 of whom had not returned

as of 10.07.2023.

According to the information contained in the Arkan system, the men who crossed the border

with these drivers were not subject to mobilisation on the basis of para. 3, part 1, Article 23 of the

Law of Ukraine "On mobilisation training and mobilisation" (being recognised as persons with

disabilities or, according to the conclusion of the Military Medical Commission (MMC), temporarily

unfit for military service for a period of up to six months (with subsequent medical examination)).

And the fact that the head of one of the regional Territorial Centres for Recruitment and

Social Support (TCRSSs) and his family members repeatedly crossed the state border with these

individuals may indicate their joint participation in organising the illegal crossing of the state border

by men who are liable for military service.

https://gp.gov.ua/ua/posts/na-xarkivshhini-kerivnika-viiskkomatu-ta-golovu-vlk-pidozryuyut-u-sluzbovomu-pidroblenni-ta- perepravlenni-

uxilyantiv-cerez-kordon

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

SECTION II. ACTIVITIES OF

MILITARY MEDICAL

COMMISSIONS (MMCs)

In addition, out of 47 persons registered in one of the district Territorial Centres for

Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSSs) in this region and found temporarily unfit for military

service by Military Medical Commissions (MMCs), only 10 persons were found temporarily unfit

for military service by Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) upon preliminary medical

examination (before the full-scale invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation).

Of the 47 persons,

crossed the state border of Ukraine in the direction of "exit" within a

short period of time after receiving Military Medical Commissions (MMCs)'s conclusion and did

not return to the territory of Ukraine.

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

SECTION II. ACTIVITIES OF

MILITARY MEDICAL

COMMISSIONS (MMCs)

Corruption risk 12.

Corrupt arrangement when making a decision to grant a person

a deferment from conscription for health reasons

RISK DESCRIPTION

In accordance with clause 3.10 of Chapter 3, Section II of Order No. 402, in wartime and during

mobilisation, for a special period, a person liable for military service is granted a deferment from

conscription for health reasons for a period of 2 to 6 months, depending on the disease (injury, wound,

contusion, mutilation) and the expected duration of treatment.

Upon expiry of the deferment, persons liable for military service are examined to determine their

fitness for military service.

Order No. 402 does not provide for a procedure for making a decision on the postponement

of conscription for health reasons, nor does it provide for the form of such a decision. In addition,

there is no requirement to determine the severity of the disease, which will determine the duration

of the health-related postponement or non-postponement.

Therefore, granting a person a deferment from conscription for health reasons and its duration

depends solely on the subjective assessment of the members/head of Military Medical Commissions

(MMCs).

Given the fact that the period of deferment may vary, a separate schedule of illnesses should be

developed, similar to the one used to determine the degree of fitness for military service, which will

determine the severity of the disease (trauma, injury, contusion, mutilation) and the required period of

deferment for health reasons.

In addition, when deciding on the postponement of conscription for health reasons due to an injury,

it is advisable to apply the Classification of Injuries by Severity, approved by the Order of the Ministry of

Health of Ukraine of 04.07.2007

№

At the same time, this section should include a list of grounds for extending such a delay.

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

SECTION II. ACTIVITIES OF

MILITARY MEDICAL

COMMISSIONS (MMCs)

If, by the decision of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs), a person is found to be in need of an

extension of the deferral for health reasons, a corresponding decision of Military Medical Commissions

(MMCs) must be issued.

An important element of ensuring an effective assessment of the state of a person liable for military

service is to enter all medical documents into the Electronic Healthcare System (EHS) and provide the

Military Medical Commission (MMC) with uninterrupted access to this system.

Thus, after the implementation of the relevant changes and the provision of computer

equipment with access to the electronic healthcare system (EHS) for both doctors who are

members of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) and all doctors of municipal and state

healthcare institutions, a significant narrowing of the excessive discretionary powers of Military

Medical Commissions (MMCs) in deciding whether to grant a deferment from conscription for

health reasons can be achieved.

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

SECTION II. ACTIVITIES OF

MILITARY MEDICAL

COMMISSIONS (MMCs)

Corruption risk 13.

Manipulations in determining military specialities for which a

person previously recognised as partially fit for military service

may be suitable

RISK DESCRIPTION

In accordance with clause 20.3 of Chapter 20 of Section II of Order No. 402, a decision on limited

fitness for military service may be issued during the medical examination of servicemen and other persons

by Military Medical Commissions (MMCs), among other things.

Simultaneously with the decision of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs), on an individual basis

and taking into account the military speciality, position held, age, work actually performed, and the fitness

of the person who has undergone a medical examination, the decision in an arbitrary form indicates which

types of service and work are contraindicated for this person. Persons recognised as partially fit for

military service are unfit for service in the airborne assault troops, naval forces, marines, special structures

(except for support units).

Servicemen who are recognised as partially fit for military service are fit for service in support units,

Territorial Centres for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSSs), institutions, organisations and

educational establishments. Together with the decision on limited fitness for military service, Military

Medical Commission (MMC) adopts a decision on fitness for military service in a military speciality.

However, Order No. 402 does not regulate the procedure for determining the military

specialities for which a person may be found fit in case of being declared restrictedly fit for military

service.

The absence of a defined algorithm for assessing the suitability of a serviceman or person

liable for military service for a military speciality may serve as a basis for abuses by Military

Medical Commissions (MMCs) in the selection of military specialities, and also creates legal

uncertainty, which makes it difficult to understand the grounds for appealing against such a

resolution of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) in court, given that the courts are only

competent to assess the procedural aspects of the adoption of resolutions of Military Medical

Commissions (MMCs).

An additional corruption factor is that Order No. 402 also does not specify which specific medical

parameters are considered key to recognising a person as partially fit for military service, especially when

there are multiple diseases or conditions.

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

SECTION II. ACTIVITIES OF

MILITARY MEDICAL

COMMISSIONS (MMCs)

Corruption risk 14.

Abuses in establishing the causal link between injuries (wounds,

contusions, mutilations) related to the defence of the Motherland

RISK DESCRIPTION

In accordance with paragraph 27 of part 3 of Article 87 of the Law of Ukraine "On the Statute of the

Internal Service of the Armed Forces of Ukraine", in addition to the requirements set out in Articles 82-84

of this Statute, the head of the brigade medical service is obliged to draw up a certificate of the

circumstances of the injury (wound, contusion, mutilation) in accordance with the established procedure.

Also, parts 3, 4 of Article 260 of this Law stipulate that a certificate on the circumstances of injury

(wounding, contusion, mutilation) is drawn up by the chief of the medical service of a military unit, as a

rule, after conducting an appropriate investigation of the circumstances of the injury (wounding,

contusion, mutilation). In case the situation does not allow to provide a certificate on the circumstances

of the injury (wound, contusion, mutilation) before the serviceman who received the injury (wound,

contusion, mutilation) is sent for treatment outside the location of the military unit, such a certificate is

sent to a health care institution or territorial recruitment and social support centre in accordance with the

procedure established by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine.

At the same time, if the injury (wound, contusion, mutilation) of a serviceman is caused by the

actions of the enemy, the relevant investigation of the circumstances of the injury (wound, contusion,

mutilation) is not conducted.

A certificate on the circumstances of the injury (wound, contusion, mutilation) is drawn up within

five days and sent to a healthcare facility or territorial recruitment and social support centre within the

same period in accordance with the procedure established by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine (part 5

of Article 260 of the Law of Ukraine "On the Statute of the Internal Service of the Armed Forces of

Ukraine").

Currently, the Law of Ukraine "On the Statute of the Internal Service of the Armed Forces of

Ukraine" provides that a certificate of the circumstances of an injury (wound, contusion, mutilation)

is issued by the head of the medical service of a military unit and, depending on the circumstances

of the injury, such a certificate may be issued either with or without an investigation.

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

SECTION II. ACTIVITIES OF

MILITARY MEDICAL

COMMISSIONS (MMCs)

However, according to part 9, clause 18 of the Instruction on Investigation and Recording of Accidents

with Servicemen, Occupational Diseases and Accidents in the Armed Forces of Ukraine, approved by the

order of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine of 27.10.2021 No. 332, on the basis of the order of the

commander of the military unit, a certificate of the circumstances of the injury (wound, contusion,

mutilation) is drawn up in duplicate in the form given in Annex 5 to the Regulation on Military Medical

Examination in the Armed Forces of Ukraine, approved by the order of the Minister of Defence of Ukraine

of 14.08.2008 No. 402, registered with the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine on 17.11.2008 under No.

1109/15800.

At the same time, the certificate on the circumstances of the injury (wound, contusion,

mutilation) provided in the above appendix must contain, in particular, the corner stamp of the

military unit (institution) and the signature of the commander (chief) of the military unit. At the same

time, such a certificate does not in any way indicate the need for its signature by the head of the

medical service of the military unit.

The Instruction on the Investigation and Recording of Accidents with Servicemen,

Occupational Diseases and Accidents in the Armed Forces of Ukraine does not specify the

timeframe for the commander (chief) of a military unit to draw up and submit an order on the basis

of which a certificate of the circumstances of the injury (wound, contusion, mutilation) is drawn up.

In addition, representatives of the leadership of military units and medical institutions in a

sociological study by the Human Rights Centre 'Principle' noted: "...at meetings with our leading surgeons

and therapists, they say that the certificate of injury is not in the original and is not valid. And we cannot

accept it, because we understand that the certificate was issued in a really illegal way, because the basis is

the order. Firstly, they write "combat order", and sometimes just as an order to perform a combat task. I

don't know where they get this from, because we just have a combat order, not an order to issue an order,

and a combat order... And they write the wrong reason, and even worse, when the certificate is signed by

the chief medical officer. This is also the case, and our Form 5 certificate must be signed by the unit

commander.”

Probably, in practice, the preparation of a certificate of the circumstances of an injury (wound,

contusion, mutilation) should be as follows: on the basis of an order of the commander of a military

unit (as provided for in the Instruction), the head of the medical service of the military unit prepares

a certificate of the circumstances of the injury (as specified in the Statute of Internal Service of the

Armed Forces of Ukraine) and then such a certificate is approved by the commander of the military

unit (taking into account Annex 5 to Order No. 402).

https://pryncyp.com/publications/sociological-research-the-path-of-the-wounded-needs-problems-and-vision-of-the- future (p.20)

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

SECTION II. ACTIVITIES OF

MILITARY MEDICAL

COMMISSIONS (MMCs)

However, such a procedure is not enshrined in the above-analysed legal acts.

Thus, due to imperfect legal regulation, there may be two procedures for drawing up a certificate

of injury (signed by the head of the medical service of a military unit or the commander of a military unit).

Since the certificate is one of the primary documents required to establish the causal link between

diseases (wounds, contusions, injuries, mutilations) related to the defence of the Motherland, the

different procedure for its preparation and provision creates obstacles for servicemen to exercise their

rights to rehabilitation, leave and receive appropriate payments.

At the same time, this lack of regulation not only complicates the work of Military Medical

Commissions (MMCs), but can also become a formal basis for members/chairmen of Military Medical

Commissions (MMCs) to abuse their powers in establishing the causal link between diseases (wounds,

contusions, injuries, mutilations) related to the defence of the Motherland, in particular by creating

artificial obstacles for servicemen.

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

SECTION III.

APPEALS AGAINST DECISIONS OF MILITARY

MEDICAL COMMISSIONS (MMCS)

Statistics on appeals against decisions of Military Medical

Commissions (MMCs) according to the information of Territorial

Centres for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSSs) and the Kyiv City

Territorial Centre for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSS)

Item

No.

Region

Cancelled by court, regional Military Medical

Commission (MMC) and

Central Military Medical

Commission (CMMC)

2021

2022

as of September

2023

219

336

233

478

Volyn

Zakarpattia

Ivano-Frankivsk

Ternopil

Kherson

Cherkasy

Chernihiv

Sumy

Luhansk

Mykolaiv

Zaporizhzhia

Kirovohrad

Odesa

Rivne

Kyiv city

Kharkiv

Poltava

Total

We note that the Dnipropetrovs'k, Zhytomyr, Donetsk, Kyiv, Lviv, Khmelnytsky, Vinnytsia

and Chernivtsi Territorial Centres for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSSs) did not provide

information on appealing against the decisions of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs).

These statistics clearly demonstrate both the ineffectiveness of appealing against the

decisions of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) and the low level of awareness of persons

liable for military service and servicemen and women about ways to protect their rights.

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

SECTION III.

APPEAL AGAINST DECISIONS OF MILITARY

MEDICAL COMMISSIONS (MMCS)

Corruption risk 15.

Corruption conspiracy by Military Medical Commissions (MMCs)

officials due to unclear pre-trial procedure for appealing against

Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) decisions

RISK DESCRIPTION

Paragraph 3.3 of Chapter 3, Section 1 of Order No. 402 provides that complaints against actions

(inaction) or decisions of non-staff Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) are submitted to regular

Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) in accordance with the administrative and territorial areas of

responsibility set out in Annex 2 to Order of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine No. 608 of 16.11.2016 "On

Approval of Administrative and Territorial Areas of Responsibility of Healthcare Institutions of the Armed

Forces of Ukraine for the Organisation of Medical Care".

Pursuant to clause 3.4 of Chapter 3, Section 1 of Order No. 402, if the regular Military Medical

Commission (MMC) finds an application or complaint for review (cancellation) of Military Medical

Commissions (MMCs)'s decision to be justified, Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) of the regular

Military Medical Commission (MMC) shall review the contested Military Medical Commission (MMC)

decision or decide to refer the person for a second (control) medical examination.

Appeals to regular Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) are filed within the timeframe specified

by the Law of Ukraine "On Citizens' Appeals" (clause 3.2 of Chapter 3, Section 1 of Order No. 402).

According to Art. 17 of the Law of Ukraine "On Citizens' Appeals", a complaint against the decision that

was appealed may be filed with a higher-level body or official within one year from the date of its

adoption, but not later than one month from the date of familiarisation of the citizen with the decision.

Complaints submitted after the deadline are not considered.

Taking into account the fact that Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) inform persons about the

acceptance of the Military Medical Commission (MMC) certificate/reference/minutes of the meeting

almost immediately, it can be concluded that an appeal in the pre-trial procedure can be made within a

month.

It is worth noting that the procedure for appealing against the decisions of Military Medical

Commission (MMC) of Territorial Centres for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSSs) differs from the

procedure provided for other non-staff permanent Military Medical Commissions (MMCs). Appeals

against actions (inaction) or decisions of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) of district (city) Territorial

Centres for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSSs) are submitted by subordination to Military Medical

Commissions (MMCs) of the Kyiv City Territorial Centre for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSS),

Sevastopol City Territorial Centre for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSS), regional Territorial Centres

for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSSs), Territorial Centres for Recruitment and Social Support

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

SECTION III.

APPEAL AGAINST DECISIONS OF MILITARY

MEDICAL COMMISSIONS (MMCS)

(TCRSSs) of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, and decisions (resolutions) of Military Medical

Commissions (MMCs) of regional (Kyiv city) Territorial Centres for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSSs)

can be appealed to regular Military Medical Commissions (MMCs). However, Order No. 402 does not

specify whether appeals against resolutions adopted by the

However, Order No. 402 does not specify whether appeals against resolutions adopted by the

adopted by Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) of the regional (Kyiv city, Sevastopol city) Territorial

Centres for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSSs), Territorial Centres for Recruitment and Social

Support (TCRSSs) of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, to the regional Military Medical Commission

(MMC) is a prerequisite for further appeal to the Central Administrative Court.

Such uncertainty may be the basis for expanding the discretionary powers of the

Central Military

Medical Commission (CMMC)

to consider or, conversely, to refuse to consider a person's complaint on

formal grounds, namely, failure to use the available remedy of appealing against decisions made by the

Military Medical Commission (MMC)

of the regional (Kyiv city, Sevastopol city) Territorial Centres for

Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSSs), Territorial Centres for Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSSs)

of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, to the

Military Medical Commission (MMC)

of the region.

Thus, only the resolutions of the regional

Military Medical Commission (MMC) and Central Military

Medical Commission (CMMC)

may be appealed in court (clauses 2.4.10 and 2.3.5 of Chapter 2 of Section I

of Order No. 402).

At the same time, Order No. 402 does not contain a list of grounds for appeal (e.g., failure to take

into account a serious illness by Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) during the medical examination of

a person liable for military service or a serviceman; an error in determining the degree of impairment of

the body's function as a result of an illness in accordance with the Schedule of Diseases; violation of the

procedure for conducting a medical examination by Military Medical Commissions (MMCs)) and a clear

step-by-step procedure for its implementation, which may lead to an increase in the number of unjustified

appeals by individuals and their representatives against Military Medical Commissions (MMCs)'s decisions.

Also, Order No. 402 does not specify how regular Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) make

decisions based on the results of reviewing the appealed Military Medical Commission (MMC) resolutions

(by a majority of votes of Military Medical Commission (MMC) members / by a Military Medical

Commission (MMC) member alone) and whether they require approval. Moreover, it is not specified what

kind of document should be issued based on the results of the review of the complaint.

In accordance with clause 2.4.6 of Chapter 2, Section I of Order No. 402, a repeat or control medical

examination may be conducted by the decision of the staff medical examination commission.

It should be noted that, based on the results of the review of the decisions of the non-staff Military

Medical Commissions (MMCs), the regular Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) do not conduct medical

examinations directly by members of the regular Military Medical Commission (MMC), they only make a

decision to refer a person for a second medical examination.

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

SECTION III.

APPEAL AGAINST DECISIONS OF MILITARY

MEDICAL COMMISSIONS (MMCS)

At the same time, Order No. 402 does not contain a procedure for such a referral, which is why the

regular Military Medical Commission (MMC) has discretionary powers to choose Military Medical

Commissions (MMCs) that will carry out such a medical examination.

It is likely that the person should be referred for a second medical examination to a different Military

Medical Commission (MMC) than the one that conducted the initial medical examination. For example, if

a person appeals against a certificate/record of a meeting of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) that

was adopted by Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) of Territorial Centres for Recruitment and Social

Support (TCRSSs), the regular Military Medical Commission (MMC) (Central Military Medical Commission

(MMC) or regional Military Medical Commission (MMC)) may refer the person for a second medical

examination to the hospital Military Medical Commission (MMC) during the consideration of the appeal.

At the same time, Order No. 402 does not provide for restrictions that would make it impossible for

a regular Military Medical Commission (MMC) to refer a person to the same Military Medical Commission

(MMC) that conducted the initial medical examination, thereby violating the principle of objective

decision-making. Also, the Order No. 402 does not regulate the timeframe for such a re-examination.

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

SECTION III.

APPEAL AGAINST DECISIONS OF MILITARY

MEDICAL COMMISSIONS (MMCS)

Corruption risk 16.

Comprehensive corruption service -

tur key disa ility

RISK DESCRIPTION

In accordance with subparagraph b) of paragraph 2 of part 4 of Art. 26 of the Law of Ukraine "On

Military Duty and Military Service", servicemen who perform military service by conscription during

mobilisation, for a special period, military service by conscription of persons from among re- servicemen

during a special period are discharged from military service during the period of martial law, in particular,

for health reasons - on the basis of a conclusion (resolution) of the Military Medical Commission on the

unfitness for military service with exclusion from the military register or on the unfitness for military

service with re-examination in 6-12 months.

However, there are servicemen who, in the absence of medical indications, wish to complete their

military service on the basis of a decision of Military Medical Commission (MMC) on their unfitness for

military service by reaching corrupt agreements to obtain it through intermediaries.

In addition, in order to receive the relevant financial payments from the state, such servicemen wish

to obtain a certificate of disability from the Medical Expert Committee on the basis of a forged decision

Medical and Social Expert Commission (MSEC)

on their inability to perform military service.

Thus, in accordance with clause 19-3 of the Regulation on the Procedure, Conditions and Criteria for

Establishing Disability, approved by the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine (CMU) of

03.12.2009, No. 1317

, the causal link between disability and injuries or other health damage sustained

by persons who became disabled as a result of injuries or other health damage is established on the basis

of a decision of the interdepartmental commission on establishing the fact of injuries or other health

damage sustained by persons from explosives, ammunition and military weapons.

Para. 13 of the said Regulation stipulates that the degree of disability of servicemen and persons

liable for military service (training) is set as a percentage for the purpose of paying insurance amounts

under the state compulsory personal insurance on the day of consideration by the commission of

documents, which must also include a copy of a medical certificate in the form approved by the Ministry

of Defence and issued by a military medical institution or a territorial recruitment and social support

centre in case a military medical commission declares a serviceman or person liable for military service

(training) unfit for further service (training) due to injury (contusion, trauma or injury), disease. injury,

trauma or mutilation), or illness.

https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1317-2009-%D0%BF#Text

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SECTION III.

APPEAL AGAINST DECISIONS OF MILITARY

MEDICAL COMMISSIONS (MMCS)

In this regard, interns, doctors, representatives of NGOs, law enforcement officers, etc. who have

appropriate connections among members of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) and Medical and

Social Expert Commission (MSEC) become intermediaries in the process of obtaining illegal benefits by

committing corrupt acts.

Participants in such a scheme may be:

•

Intermediaries (interns, doctors, representatives of NGOs, lawyers, etc.);

•

members, the head of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) - issue Military Medical

Commission (MMC) resolutions, documents and referrals to the Medical and Social Expert

Commission (MSEC) (in some cases, falsification of primary documents is used);

•

members, and most often the head of the Medical and Social Expert Commission (MSEC), make

the decision on granting a disability to a person.

Criminal proceedings initiated by law enforcement agencies in connection with such actions indicate

that this corrupt service is widely used by both military personnel and members of commissions.

CASE

According to the investigation, in March 2023, a serviceman of the Armed Forces of Ukraine

turned to the founder of a NGO (intermediary) to obtain information about the possibility of

excluding himself from military registration and receiving a referral to the Medical and Social

Expert Commission (MSEC) for registration of a disability group.

During a personal meeting in Khmelnytskyi, the founder of the NGO, acting intentionally, for

selfish motives and for personal enrichment, informed the serviceman that he had connections

and the ability to influence the head and members of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) and

the Medical and Social Expert Commission (MSEC) and would assist in the preparation of medical

documents on the serviceman's health, issuing a certificate from Military Medical Commissions

(MMCs) on his unfitness for military service with exclusion from military registration and receiving

a referral to the Medical and Social Expert Commission (MSEC) to grant the serviceman a group

II disability for life.

The conditions of such service were that he received an undue benefit in the amount of

USD

16,500,

of which

USD 8,500

was for influencing the head and members of Military Medical

Commissions (MMCs)

and the

remaining

USD 8,000 was

for influencing officials of the

Khmelnytskyi Regional Centre of the Medical and Social Expert Commission (MSEC).

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SECTION III.

APPEAL AGAINST DECISIONS OF MILITARY

MEDICAL COMMISSIONS (MMCS)

Otherwise, the decision on the military man's unfitness for military service and further

procedures will not be made, to which the military man was forced to agree.

After the intermediary received the illegal benefit, he was exposed by police officers and

notified of suspicion of committing a criminal offence under Part 3 of Article 369-2 of the Criminal

Code of Ukraine.

By the decision of the Khmelnytskyi City District Court of Khmelnytskyi region dated

16.06.2023

26,

a preventive measure in the form of detention for a period until 11.08.2023 inclusive

with the possibility of bail was imposed on the suspect in committing a crime under Part 3 of Art.

369-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine.

https://reyestr.court.gov.ua/Review/111636041

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

SECTION III.

APPEAL AGAINST DECISIONS OF MILITARY

MEDICAL COMMISSIONS (MMCS)

Corruption risk 17.

Involvement of intermediaries in corrupt arrangements with

Military Medical Commission (MMC) officials

RISK DESCRIPTION

Currently, "services" of mediation in reaching illegal corrupt agreements with the

chairman/members of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) are in high demand, given the desire of a

significant number of Ukrainian citizens liable for military service to avoid mobilisation in one way or

another.

Such agreements are hampered, among other things, by the lack of established deadlines for

undergoing a medical examination by Military Medical Commissions (MMCs), the slowdown in the

digitalisation of Military Medical Commission (MMC) activities and the introduction of electronic

document flow between military units, Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) and healthcare facilities

due to insufficient financial and logistical support.

Therefore, having the appropriate connections, intermediaries who are not formally related to the

military service often enter into direct relations between Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) and

persons liable for military service.

This corrupt influence contributes to the evasion of mobilisation by persons liable for military service

by illegally obtaining decisions of Military Medical Commission (MMC) on their unfitness for military

service with subsequent exclusion from military registration or deferment for health reasons.

Such mediation may involve various actors, including:

•

employees of law enforcement and other government agencies;

•

citizens without the status of officials or employees;

•

employees of charitable and public organisations, etc.

Having the appropriate contacts with relatives, friends or personal contacts with doctors, officials

of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs), etc., intermediaries find persons liable for military service who

are interested in obtaining a Military Medical Commission (MMC) conclusion on their unfitness for military

service or a medical deferment and offer their services.

Intermediaries use a variety of forms of bribery of officials: one-on-one cash transfers to doctors

with corresponding telephone conversations, messenger messages and meetings, transferring funds to

certain bank accounts, interacting with close relatives of doctors, purchasing certain goods and

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SECTION III.

APPEAL AGAINST DECISIONS OF MILITARY

MEDICAL COMMISSIONS (MMCS)

services for officials, if necessary, applying measures against money laundering through individual

entrepreneurs and private enterprises, etc.

There have also been cases of individuals posting advertisements on the Internet (advertising sites,

but most often social networks) about "providing services with guaranteed results".

At the same time, it should be noted that the analysis of court practice shows that it is

intermediaries in corrupt arrangements who are brought to justice, while members of Military Medical

Commissions (MMCs) mostly avoid liability due to the difficulty of proving their involvement in the crime.

CASE INVOILVING LAW ENFORCEMENT

AND OTHER AUTHORITIES

According to the investigation, a district police officer in Chernivtsi region, acting

intentionally, for mercenary motives and for personal enrichment, committed a series of illegal

actions aimed at obtaining an unlawful benefit of USD 4,000 and EUR 1,000 from two individuals

for influencing the decision of Military Medical Commission (MMC) to temporarily disqualify these

citizens for military service for health reasons and granting a temporary deferral from mobilisation.

In turn, the law enforcement officer engaged his acquaintance, who works as the acting

head of the social department of the Amalgamated Territorial Community (ATC), with a request

to assist persons in obtaining a temporary deferral from mobilisation, both by providing advice

and instructions on how to act and by unduly influencing the members of the commission to obtain

a conclusion on temporary unfitness for military service for health reasons after the persons

concerned had passed the medical examination.

Thus, the police officer involved his acquaintance, the aforementioned Amalgamated

Territorial Community (ATC) official, through his official relations with the members of Military

Medical Commissions (MMCs), in his activities aimed at obtaining an undue benefit for influencing

the decision-making of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) members

https://reyestr.court.gov.ua/Review/110561926

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SECTION III.

APPEAL AGAINST DECISIONS OF MILITARY

MEDICAL COMMISSIONS (MMCS)

CASE INVOLVING CITIZENS WITHOUT THE STATUS OF

OFFICIALS OR EMPLOYEES

In Cherkasy region, law enforcement officers uncovered schemes to evade conscription by

issuing certificates of unfitness

. According to the investigation, a 65-year-old doctor who is a

member of the Military Medical Commission of one of the territorial centres for social support in

the region set up an illegal "business" in Zhashkiv.

Together with other officials of Military Medical Commission (MMC), he "helped" citizens of

conscription age to obtain conclusions about their unfitness for military service based on a

fictitious diagnosis.

The intermediary was a 47-year-old unemployed resident of Smila, who, having

acquaintances with doctors, arranged for them to issue fake medical certificates of fitness for

military service for health reasons. The cost of such services ranged

from USD 3,000 to USD

6,000.

CASE INVOLVING EMPLOYEES OF CHARITABLE AND NGOs

The investigation established that in December 2022, the head of a charitable organisation,

pursuing the goal of illicit enrichment, offered the head of the sales department of a retail chain to

assist in influencing the decision of the head of Military Medical Commission (MMC) to issue a

conclusion on the recognition of a person unfit for military service for health reasons, which would

serve as an exemption from military service and the issuance of a relevant military registration

document. The head of the charitable organisation estimated the cost of the relevant service at

USD 15,000.

Subsequently, the prosecutor of the Kryvyi Rih Specialised Military and Defence

Prosecutor's Office of the Southern Region and the accused head of the charity entered into a

plea agreement, which was approved by the verdict

of the Nikopol City District Court of

Dnipropetrovs'k Region on 16 February 2023.

Under the terms of the agreement, the suspect unconditionally pleaded guilty to the crime

under Part 2 of Art. 369-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, and the parties agreed to a fine of

UAH 34,000.

pryzovu

https://www.npu.gov.ua/news/vydavaly-dovidky-pro-neprydatnist-na-cherkashchyni-pravookhorontsi-vykryly-skhemy- ukhylennia-vid-

https://reyestr.court.gov.ua/Review/109049995

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SECTION III.

APPEAL AGAINST DECISIONS OF MILITARY

MEDICAL COMMISSIONS (MMCS)

CASE INVOILVING A MILITARY MEDICAL COMMISSION (MMC) MEMBER

During the medical examination of a person by the hospital's Military Medical Commission

(MMC), a surgeon, who was a member of Military Medical Commission (MMC), offered his

"services" to influence the head of Military Medical Commission (MMC) in order to make a

decision on his unfitness for military service and to exclude him from the military register in

exchange for receiving an unlawful benefit of

USD 4,000.

Subsequently, the said person, acting under the control of law enforcement agencies,

handed over an undue benefit of

USD 4,000 to the

surgeon, after which the latter was

immediately detained by law enforcement officers.

The surgeon's actions were classified under Part 2 of Article 369-2 of the Criminal Code of

Ukraine. Based on the results of the pre-trial investigation, the prosecutor concluded a plea

agreement with the member of Military Medical Commission (MMC).

According to this agreement, the accused unconditionally pleaded guilty to committing a

criminal offence and agreed to be sentenced under Part 2 of Art. 369-2 of the Criminal Code of

Ukraine in the form of a fine of 2000 tax-free minimum incomes (UAH

34,000)

and an additional

punishment in the form of deprivation of the right to hold positions related to the performance of

administrative, economic and organisational and administrative functions in healthcare institutions

for a period of 1 year

https://reyestr.court.gov.ua/Review/113943966

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

SECTION III.

APPEAL AGAINST DECISIONS OF MILITARY

MEDICAL COMMISSIONS (MMCS)

Corruption risk 18.

Misappropriation of state budget funds through Military Medical

Commissions (MMCs), Medical and Social Expert Commissions

(MSECs)

RISK DESCRIPTION

Article 16-2(1)(b) of the Law of Ukraine "On Social and Legal Protection of Servicemen and Members

of Their Families" provides, inter alia, that a one-time financial assistance is granted and paid in the

amount of 400 times the subsistence minimum established by law for able-bodied persons as of 1 January

of a calendar year, - in the case of a group I disability, 300 times the subsistence minimum established by

law for able-bodied persons as of 1 January of the calendar year - in the case of a group II disability, 250

times the subsistence minimum established by law for able-bodied persons as of 1 January of the calendar

year - in the case of a group III disability.

Also, the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine (CMU) of 28.02.2022 No. 168 "Issues of

Certain Payments to Military Servicemen, Ranks and Commanders, Police Officers and Their Families

During Martial Law" stipulates that the families of the deceased persons referred to in paragraphs 1-1-2

of this resolution are paid a one-time financial assistance in the amount of UAH

15,000,000,

which is

distributed equally among all recipients, provided for in Article 16-1 of the Law of Ukraine "On Social and

Legal Protection of Servicemen and Members of Their Families", except for citizens of the Russian

Federation or the Republic of Belarus and persons permanently residing in the territories of these

countries, persons convicted of high treason, collaboration, aiding and abetting the aggressor state.

The one-time financial assistance provided for in this paragraph shall also be paid to the families of

the persons referred to in paragraphs 1-1-2 of this Resolution who died as a result of an injury (contusion,

trauma, mutilation) received during the period of martial law while defending the Motherland,

participating in hostilities or ensuring the implementation of measures for national security and defence,

repulsion and deterrence of armed aggression, being directly in the areas of their conduct

(implementation), in particular on the territory of Ukraine temporarily occupied by the Russian

Federation, in the territory between the positions of the defence forces and the positions of the troops of

the aggressor state, during the period of implementation of these measures, not later than one year after

the i jury o tusio , trau a, utilatio partч. a d , lause

2).

Given the problematic nature and complexity of obtaining the status of a person with a disability, it

is not uncommon for the organiser of a corruption scheme to mislead former servicemen into accepting

these amounts by offering them aid with furnishing the necessary documents and passing the procedures

of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) and the Medical and Social Expert Commission (MSEC).

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SECTION III.

APPEAL AGAINST DECISIONS OF MILITARY

MEDICAL COMMISSIONS (MMCS)

In particular, due to the lack of knowledge and awareness of former servicemen about the

procedure for receiving a one-time financial assistance from the state in case of obtaining the status of a

person with a disability as a result of military service or military service, the fraudsters used the documents

received from them, powers of attorney for the management of accounts and representation of interests,

and seized state budget funds. One of the prerequisites for the effective implementation of this criminal

scheme is collusion with officials of Military Medical Commission (MMC) and Medical and Social Expert

Commission (MSEC), as evidenced by the investigation materials.

In this regard, it is worth noting the efforts of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine to raise awareness

of servicemen and women of their rights and obligations, including the receipt of financial benefits and

the procedure for undergoing medical and psychiatric examinations after injury, by creating the "Care"

(Turbota) website

31,

which describes in detail the algorithms for the wounded and answers questions

arising during treatment, medical examinations, receipt of benefits, etc.

CASE

According to the investigation, a group of people who were aware of the procedure for

obtaining the status of a person with a disability as a result of war, had information that persons

with disabilities as a result of war were paid a one-time financial assistance, entered into a criminal

conspiracy and organised a scheme to misappropriate budget funds during the registration of

disability.

According to the distribution of functions within the group

•

The organiser of the scheme searched for combatants to apply for an invalidity group,

obtained all the necessary documents from them to confirm their stay in the combat zone,

and issued a power of attorney to authorise them to receive and process documents from

authorities, institutions and organisations, as well as to open bank accounts and receive

funds;

an accomplice in Kyiv, receiving the documents of combatants, falsified the necessary

materials from medical institutions, examination results, and extracts from medical

records. After forming the necessary package of documents, he sent them to the Ministry

of Defence of Ukraine's Military Qualification Commission to obtain an extract from the

minutes of the meeting of Central Military Medical Commission (CMMC), which confirms

•

https://turbota.mil.gov.ua/

https://reyestr.court.gov.ua/Review/93945251

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

SECTION III.

APPEAL AGAINST DECISIONS OF MILITARY

MEDICAL COMMISSIONS (MMCS)

the illness of combatants related to the defence of the Motherland. Subsequently, on the

basis of these documents, the combatant was sent for examination by the Medical and

Social Expert Commission (MSEC) to determine the disability group;

•

the registrar of the Ternopil Regional Medical and Social Expert Commission (MSEC),

knowing for certain the procedure for assigning disability groups directly to combatants

and the intricacies of the necessary documents, provided them with "support".

During 2018-2019, the scheme organiser distributed information to residents of Ternopil

region who are combatants that he could help them with their disability group and pension benefits

paid to people with war-related disabilities.

At the same time, the organiser of the scheme, with the aim of seizing state budget funds

through combatants, did not provide information that, in accordance with the Cabinet of Ministers

of Ukraine (CMU), a person who has been granted the status of a person with a disability as a

result of war is entitled to a one-time cash payment.

The investigation established that during the implementation of the scheme, the state

suffered damage totalling

over UAH 6 million.

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

SECTION III.

APPEAL AGAINST DECISIONS OF MILITARY

MEDICAL COMMISSIONS (MMCS)

Scheme of misappropriation of funds from servicemen unaware of their

rights through the connections of interested persons with Military Medical

Commissions (MMCs) and the Medical and Social Expert Commission (MSEC)

UAH 6.8 million was

misappropriated under this

scheme and an attempt was

made to steal UAH 6 million

TERNOPIL

KYIV

Sends collected

documents of combatants

Organiser of the scheme:

looking for combatants

and executes powers of

attorney for representation of

interests, account management

Accomplice in Kyiv: falsifies

documents from medical

institutions, examination

results, extracts from

medical records

Misappropriation

of funds

Bank accounts to which one-off

financial assistance is received

(250 PM, as of 2020

this is UAH 525,500)

Formally, they

are account

holders

Sends documents

Participants in hostilities,

who do not know about financial assistance

from the state

Appoints

disability group

Ternopil

Regional

Medical Expert

Committee

Provides

document

support

Receives

documents

Registrar of the Ternopil

Region Medical and Social

Expert Commission

(MSEC)

Defence Ministry's Central

Medical and Hygiene

Centre: confirms that

diseases are related to

defence of the Motherland

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

SECTION V. DIGITISATION

Corruption risk 19.

Use of the unregulated procedure for attaching medical documents

to Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) to extort unlawful

benefits

RISK DESCRIPTION

In accordance with part 3 of clause 3.4 of chapter 3 of section II of Order No. 402, doctors who are

included in Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) from municipal or state-owned healthcare facilities,

during the medical examination, get acquainted with medical records in the electronic healthcare system

(EHS) and other medical documents provided by the person liable for military service that characterise his

or her state of health, and enter the relevant medical records in the electronic healthcare system (EHS)

based on the information received.

However, the unregulated procedure for attaching medical documents of persons liable for

military service to the Military Medical Commission (MMC) allows the Military Medical Commission

(MMC) to disregard such documents, which leads to biased conclusions about the person's

fitness/unfit/restricted fitness for military service.

This also makes it difficult to appeal against the decisions of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs)

in court, as applicants are unable to prove that they actually provided medical documentation that

indicated the presence of the disease.

In this case, all material, technical, educational and practical conditions should be provided for

doctors to enter all medical records into the electronic healthcare system (EHS).

And in case a certain document was not entered into the electronic healthcare system (EHS) by the

doctor who conducted the examination for one reason or another (absence or temporary malfunction of

computer equipment, lack of access to the electronic healthcare system (EHS) for technical reasons), the

obligation to enter such a document into the electronic healthcare system (EHS) should be assigned to

the family doctor by amending the Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine No. 504 of 19.03.2018 "On

Approval of the Procedure for the Provision of Primary Health Care".

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SECTION V.

DIGITISATION

CASE

Military Medical Commission (MMC) did not take into account the plaintiff's health condition

in full. According to the results of the X-ray examination, the plaintiff received the following

conclusion (diagnosis): "X-ray signs of a small axial hernia of the oesophageal opening of the

diaphragm of type 1; functional disorders in the form of moderate hypokinesia of the oesophagus".

The conclusions contained in the X-ray examination indicate significant disorders of the

plaintiff's digestion and are the basis for declaring the plaintiff unfit or partially fit for military service

in wartime in accordance with paragraph b) of Article 52 of the Classification of Diseases.

When considering the claim to appeal against the decision to declare a person fit, the court

noted that the case file did not confirm that the plaintiff had submitted any medical document to

Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) for consideration during the medical examination

https://reyestr.court.gov.ua/Review/113664772

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

SECTION V.

DIGITISATION

Corruption risk 20.

Use of paperwork for corrupt practices in Military Medical

Commissions (MMCs)

RISK DESCRIPTION

As provided for in paragraph 22.1 of Chapter 22 of Section II of Order No. 402, data on those who

have undergone a medical examination (surname, name and patronymic, year of birth, military rank,

military unit, month and year of call-up for military service, etc.), diagnosis and the decision of the Military

Medical Commission (MMC) on the degree of fitness for military service and the causal relationship are

recorded in the Book of Minutes of the Military Medical Commission (MMC) meetings.

In addition, the diagnosis and decisions of the medical commission are recorded, among other things:

a) for military personnel - in the medical book, if necessary - in the certificate of the Military Medical

Commission;

c) for persons liable for military service and reservists - in the examination and medical

examination card, and the content of the commission's resolution, in addition, in the military ID card

and registration card.

If a person liable for military service or a reservist is diagnosed with an HIV-related illness, the

diagnosis and the article of the Schedule of Diseases are not recorded in the military card and registration

card. Reserve officers who have been declared unfit for military service by Military Medical Commission

(MMC) and excluded from military registration, as well as persons liable for military service and reservists

who are on training and declared unfit for further training, receive a Certificate of Illness.

At the same time, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine approved the Procedure for the exchange of

medical and other documents of servicemen between state and municipal healthcare institutions, state

institutions of the National Academy of Medical Sciences, where servicemen were (are) treated, military

units and territorial centres of complex and social support during the special period by Resolution No. 901

of 23.08.2023.

Prior to the adoption of this Procedure, all documents related to the passage of Military Medical

Commissions (MMCs), as well as the issuance of leaves for the continuation of treatment or dismissal of

servicemen, were submitted in paper form, which significantly complicated these processes, creating

additional burdens and inconveniences for servicemen.

It should be noted that paper-based document flow is the basis for corruption risks due to

the lack of an electronic medical information system of Military Medical Commission (MMC), ways

to record access to Military Medical Commission (MMC) medical records, thus creating

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SECTION V.

DIGITISATION

favourable environment for corrupt practices in determining the state of fitness for military service

by means of falsification of documents. In particular, in the absence of a link to the electronic

medical history of a person liable for military service, the process of falsifying the decisions of

Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) is greatly simplified, while at the same time complicating

the process of verifying their authenticity.

According to the Ministry of Health, the deployment of the medical information system of Military

Medical Commission (MMC), training of military doctors, capacity building and computerisation of

institutions are underway. More than 1,700 laptops have already been transferred to military medical

institutions

, funding has been allocated and the development of local networks of healthcare institutions

of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine is underway. However, the need for 1,000 laptops remains unmet.

At the same time, the premises where the staffed RECs are currently located still lack a local Internet

connection, which makes it impossible for them to work with the electronic healthcare system (EHS) and

conduct electronic document management.

As of September 2023, military doctors were being trained to work with the electronic healthcare

system, as most military hospitals had not previously worked with the IT system, were unable to see

medical records, and were in the process of implementing a medical information system and

computerising hospitals.

For example, the introduction of an electronic medical information system of Military Medical

Commission (MMC) and electronic document management in Military Medical Commission (MMC)

processes, among other things, will minimise corruption risks by recording any changes in documents and

monitoring the activities of each user.

At the same time, given the need to digitise huge amounts of documents and the need to attract

significant material, technical and human resources for this purpose, paper-based document flow

continues to exist, and thus the corruption component associated with it.

CASE 1

Law enforcement officers found that officials of the District Territorial Centre for Recruitment

and Social Support (RTCRSS), acting jointly with members of Military Medical Commissions

(MMCs), with the mediation of third parties, in return for a monetary reward of

up to USD 10,000,

set up a scheme to issue certificates declaring a person unfit for military service for health reasons

and removing them from military registration

https://moz.gov.ua/article/news/udoskonalennja-vijskovo-likarskoi-ekspertizi-nad-chim-pracjue-moz

https://od.npu.gov.ua/news/pravookhorontsi-prypynyly-masshtabnu-skhemu-vydachi-dovidok-vlk-pro-neprydatnist-do- viiskovoi-sluzhby-

natspolitsiia

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SECTION V.

DIGITISATION

According to the investigation, the so-called 'evaders' were registered with Territorial Centre

for Recruitment and Social Support (RTCRSS) within 1-2 days, underwent a military medical

examination and, based on its results, were declared unfit for military service and excluded from

military registration for health reasons.

During the documentation, law enforcement officers found that the "clients" did not even

arrive in Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi during Military Medical Commissions (MMCs), but later used the

documents to travel abroad.

According to the investigation, to cover up their criminal activity, the RTCC and JV officials

destroyed some of the official documents, including personal files, medical records and medical

records of persons unfit for military service for health reasons, despite the fact that according to

the order of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine, such documents must be kept for at least 5 years,

and it is prohibited to reduce this period.

CASE 2

SBI officers completed an investigation into the head of the district Territorial Centre for

Recruitment and Social Support (TCRSS), the acting head of Military Medical Commissions

(MMCs) and a soldier-driver of the same centre, who, for an undue benefit, arranged a package

of documents on deferment of mobilisation for a citizen liable for military service without any

illnesses that would prevent him from performing military service for health reasons.

According to the investigation, for USD 3,000, the serviceman was provided with falsified

medical documents and a conclusion of the Military Medical Commission. The package of

"services" included the issuance of a temporary certificate of a person liable for military service

with a note on temporary ineligibility for military service in wartime. This gave the evader the right

to freely cross the state border of Ukraine

CASE 3

The State Bureau of Investigation (SBI), in a joint operation with the Security Service of

Ukraine (SSU), exposed and served a notice of suspicion to the deputy head of Central Military

Medical Commission (CMMC), who organised a business of issuing certificates for persons liable

for military service for money.

In one case, the deputy head of Central Military Medical Commission (CMMC) was

approached by an acquaintance who heads a charitable foundation with a request to assist in

https://dbr.gov.ua/news/pered-sudom-postane-kerivnictvo-vijskkomatu-na-lvivshhini-yake-za-habari-spriyalo- nezakonnomu-

perepravlennyu-cholovikiv-cherez-derzhavnij-kordon

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

SECTION V.

DIGITISATION

resolving the issue of travelling abroad for the employee of the said charitable foundation to search

for and bring humanitarian aid, as he was unaware of the procedure for volunteers to leave

Ukraine.

The deputy head of Central Military Medical Commission (CMMC) said that such an exit

should be formalised by issuing a certificate of unfitness for military service, which is untrue, and

promised to arrange for such a certificate to be issued for a "reward" of

USD 5,000.

During the searches of the suspect's place of work and residence, law enforcement officers

found large amounts of cash in various currencies in the amount of

over UAH 5 million, the

origin

of which is currently being established

https://dbr.gov.ua/news/dbr-vikrilo-nachalnika-centralnoi-vijskovo-likarskoi-komisii-yakij-virishiv-zbagatitisya-koshtom-

vijskovozobovyazanih

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

CONSEQUENCES OF CORRUPTION RISKS IN

THE ACTIVITIES OF MILITARY MEDICAL

COMMISSIONS (MMCS)

STRATEGIC:

1. Possibility of unscrupulous and unprofessional persons entering Military Medical Commissions

(MMCs) due to the lack of a clear procedure for forming Military Medical Commissions (MMCs)

and appointing its members.

2. Violation of the rights of persons liable for military service and military personnel guaranteed by the

state.

3. Reaching a critical level of distrust in doctors who are members of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs).

4. Artificially creating obstacles to the passage of military medical examination (MME) for persons

liable for military service and military personnel.

5. Deformation of official relations between members of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs).

6. Reduction of the combat capability of the Armed Forces of Ukraine due to poor medical

examinations of persons liable for military service and military personnel.

7. Delay in the process of recruiting for the Armed Forces due to the lack of a defined timeframe

for medical examination;

8. Increased crime rates as a result of such criminal offences.

LEGAL:

1. Acceptance of an offer, promise or receipt of an unlawful benefit by officials (Article 368 of the

Criminal Code of Ukraine).

2. Fraud (190 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine).

3. Abuse of influence (Article 369-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine).

4. Forgery of documents, seals, stamps and forms, sale or use of forged documents, seals, stamps

(Article 358 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine).

5. Abuse of power or position (Article 364 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine).

6. Illegal transportation of persons across the state border of Ukraine (Article 332 of the Criminal

Code of Ukraine).

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

Statistical information

on the activities of Military Medical Commissions

(MMCs) of Regional Territorial Centres for

Recruitment and Social Support (RTCRSSs)

for the period from 2021 to September 2023

The National Agency conducted a statistical analysis of the information received from regional TECs

and JVs on the activities of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs), which covered data from 23 regions:

Volyn, Dnipropetrovs'k, Zhytomyr, Zakarpattia, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ternopil, Kherson, Cherkasy, Chernihiv,

Donetsk, Sumy, Luhansk, Mykolaiv, Zaporizhzhia, Kyiv, Lviv, Khmelnytskyi, Kirovohrad, Vinnytsia, Odesa,

Rivne, Kharkiv, Poltava and Kyiv city.

The average percentage of persons declared unfit by Military Medical

Commission (MMC) with exclusion from the military register and restrictedly

fit for military service for the period from 2021 to September 2023

Percentage of persons declared unfit by Military Medical Commission (MMC) with exclusion from the military register

Percentage of persons declared partially fit by Military Medical Commission (MMC) with exclusion from the military register

Given the information in the graph, it is worth noting that the average percentage of unfit

persons more than doubled as of September 2023 compared to 2021 (by 4 percentage points).

The average percentage of restricted eligible persons also increased (by 7 percentage points).

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

STATISTICAL INFORMATION ON THE ACTIVITIES OF MILITARY

MEDICAL COMMISSIONS (MMCs) OF REGIONAL TERRITORIAL

CENTRES FOR RECRUITMENT AND SOCIAL SUPPORT (RTCRSSS)

Regions - leaders in terms of the percentage of people declared unfit for military

service

Percentage of persons declared unfit

Kyiv Poltava region 2022

as of September 2023

It should be noted that the analysis revealed a significant difference in the percentage of

persons unfit for military service in Kyiv and Poltava region compared to the average in Ukraine.

In particular, in 2022, this figure was 9 points higher than the average in Kyiv, and 8 pp

higher in Poltava region.

As of September 2023, this indicator exceeded the average value by 11 points in Kyiv and

by 13 points in Poltava region.

WARNINGS

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

STATISTICAL INFORMATION ON THE ACTIVITIES OF MILITARY

MEDICAL COMMISSIONS (MMCs) OF REGIONAL TERRITORIAL

CENTRES FOR RECRUITMENT AND SOCIAL SUPPORT (RTCRSSS)

Top 5 regions with an excess of the average (20%) of persons found

partially fit by Military Medical Commissions (MMCs)

for military service in 2022, in %

Dnipropetrovsk

Zhytomyr

Cherkasy

Sumy

Poltava

In 2022, the average exceeded the average in Dnipropetrovsk region by 6 percentage

points, Zhytomyr region by 11 percentage points, Cherkasy region by 4 percentage points, Sumy

region by 29 percentage points, and Poltava region by 11 percentage points.

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

STATISTICAL INFORMATION ON THE ACTIVITIES OF MILITARY

MEDICAL COMMISSIONS (MMCs) OF REGIONAL TERRITORIAL

CENTRES FOR RECRUITMENT AND SOCIAL SUPPORT (RTCRSSS)

Top 5 regions with an excess of the average (27%) of persons found

partially fit by Military Medical Commissions (MMCs)

for military service as of September 2013, in %.

Dnipropetrovsk

Zhytomyr

Cherkasy

Sumy

Poltava

As of September 2023, the average exceeded the average in Dnipro region by 24

percentage points, in Zhytomyr region by 16 percentage points, in Cherkasy region by 5

percentage points, in Sumy region by 7 percentage points, and in Poltava region by 3 percentage

points.

In this regard, it is worth paying attention to a significant increase in the number of persons

declared partially fit for military service in certain regions, which may indicate the existence of

corruption risks in making this type of decision.

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

STATISTICAL INFORMATION ON THE ACTIVITIES OF MILITARY

MEDICAL COMMISSIONS (MMCs) OF REGIONAL TERRITORIAL

CENTRES FOR RECRUITMENT AND SOCIAL SUPPORT (RTCRSSS)

The five most commonly used articles of the Schedule of Diseases on the

basis of which persons liable for military service are declared unfit for

military service

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

STATISTICAL INFORMATION ON THE ACTIVITIES OF MILITARY

MEDICAL COMMISSIONS (MMCs) OF REGIONAL TERRITORIAL

CENTRES FOR RECRUITMENT AND SOCIAL SUPPORT (RTCRSSS)

The analysis of the statistical information clearly shows an annual change in one article of

the Schedule of Diseases

from the identified Top 5. In particular, in 2022, spinal diseases (Article

64a) replaced myopia or hyperopia (Article 30a), and in 2023, HIV-related diseases (Article 5a)

replaced spinal diseases.

It is also worth noting that in 2022 and 2023, the list of the five most used articles of the

Schedule of Diseases includes thyroid diseases (Article 13a), stage III hypertension (Article 39a)

and stage II-B-III heart failure in coronary heart disease (Article 40a), the diagnosis and

confirmation of which is complex and requires a significant amount of laboratory and instrumental

research. Particular attention should be paid to the fact that these diseases do not have a

pronounced external manifestation, which makes it possible to use such diagnoses for corrupt

practices.

This information can be useful for working groups set up by the Ministry of Defence of

Ukraine to review the decisions of Military Medical Commission (MMC) and law enforcement

agencies.

https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z1109-08#Text

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

NATIONAL AGENCY ON CORRUPTION

PREVENTION (NACP) RECOMMENDATIONS ON

MINIMISING CORRUPTION RISKS

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPLEMENTATION

IN THE MEDIUM TERM (1 YEAR):

The Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine:

to cancel the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of 07.09.1993 No. 708 "On the

Procedure for Organising and Conducting Military Medical Examination";

to consider and approve a standard procedure for organising and conducting military medical

examinations.

The Ministry of Defence of Ukraine:

to develop, together with stakeholders, and initiate consideration by the Cabinet of Ministers of

Ukraine of a standard procedure for organising and conducting military medical examinations;

to cancel the Regulation on military medical examination in the Armed Forces of Ukraine,

approved by the order of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine of 14.08.2008

№

;

to adopt the Regulation on Military Medical Examination in the Armed Forces of Ukraine on the

basis of the standard procedure;

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPLEMENTATION

IN THE SHORT TERM (6 MONTHS):

To the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine to amend Order No. 402 and provide:

the procedure for forming the composition of regular and non-staff Military Medical Commissions

(MMCs), including the procedure for appointing the chairpersons of non-staff Military Medical

Commissions (MMCs) and heads of regular Military Medical Commissions (MMCs);

the procedure for establishing Military Medical Commission (MMC) of Territorial Centres for

Recruitment and Social Support (RTCRSSs);

a unified approach to determining the members of Military Medical Commissions

(MMCs) and qualification requirements for them;

terms of military medical examination;

the procedure for referring persons for instrumental and laboratory tests;

the procedure for making a decision on granting a person a deferment from conscription for

health reasons and determining the categories of conditions in which such a deferment is

necessary;

the procedure for referring a person for a repeat (control) medical examination

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

STATISTICAL INFORMATION ON THE ACTIVITIES OF MILITARY

MEDICAL COMMISSION (MMC) OF TERRITORIAL CENTRES FOR

RECRUITMENT AND SOCIAL SUPPORT (RTCRSSS)

based on the results of complaints considered by regular Military Medical Commissions

(MMCs) against resolutions of lower-level Military Medical Commissions (MMCs);

the obligation to take into account the totality of diseases when making decisions on the

fitness/unfit/restricted fitness of persons for military service;

the procedure for medical examination of persons who were mobilised into the Armed

Forces of Ukraine at the beginning of the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation

without undergoing a military medical examination;

the procedure for determining the military specialities to which a person who has been

previously recognised as partially fit for military service may be assigned;

to establish a unified procedure for drawing up a certificate of the circumstances of an

injury (wound, contusion, mutilation) and to initiate amendments to the Law of Ukraine

"On the Internal Service of the Armed Forces of Ukraine" to unify the provisions of Order

No. 402, the said Law and the Instruction on Investigation and Recording of Accidents

with Servicemen, Occupational Diseases and Accidents in the Armed Forces of Ukraine,

approved by the Order of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine No. 332 of 27 October 2021;

the procedure and grounds for pre-trial appeal against the decisions of Military Medical

Commission (MMC).

The Ministry of Defence of Ukraine, the Ministry of Health of Ukraine and, if

necessary, other interested central government agencies:

Develop a unified procedure for remuneration of civilian doctors engaged as members of

Military Medical Commissions (MMCs);

revise the Schedule of Diseases to bring it in line with the International Classification of

Diseases 10

;

to introduce criteria and conditions for determining a healthcare facility of municipal or

state ownership, which can create Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) of Territorial

Centres for Recruitment and Social Support (RTCRSSs) and Military Medical Commissions

(MMCs) of other healthcare facilities of municipal or state ownership;

to hold training events for civilian doctors - members and chairmen of Military Medical

Commissions (MMCs) - on the procedure for conducting military medical examinations.

List of Official ICD-10 updates (who.int)

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

STATISTICAL INFORMATION

ON THE ACTIVITIES OF THE VLC OTC

AND SP

The Ministry of Defence of Ukraine, the Ministry of Health of Ukraine and the Ministry of Digital

Transformation of Ukraine:

introduce electronic queues at all drug stores;

Ensure access to the electronic healthcare system (EHS) for Military Medical Commission

(MMC) members of all levels;

to introduce special mechanisms to control unauthorised or unpredictable interference with

accounts, in particular, to introduce a "workplace module of Military Medical Commissions

(MMCs) member" that defines the powers of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) member,

his/her rights of access to information, full recording of actions on reviewing information and

making decisions

;

introduce electronic document management in Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) processes.

https://nazk.gov.ua/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Karty-MSEK.pdf

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

CONCLUSION

For the second year in a row, Ukraine has been resisting the aggressor in the face of a full-scale

invasion, and, accordingly, the general mobilisation of men under the legal regime of martial law

continues.

At the same time, the mobilisation process is impossible without medical examinations by Military

Medical Commissions (MMCs), as the combat capability of the Armed Forces of Ukraine depends on it. At

the same time, due to active hostilities, a large number of servicemen need treatment, including abroad,

which is also confirmed by the decisions of the Military Medical Commission (MMC) issued as a result of

the relevant medical examinations.

However, due to the imperfect legal regulation of the activities of Military Medical Commissions

(MMCs), the lack of an effective mechanism for appealing against Military Medical Commission (MMC)

decisions and the slowdown in the digitalisation of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs), persons liable

for military service and servicemen have to face numerous instances of corruption due to the abuse of

discretionary powers by Military Medical Commission (MMC) officials.

In addition, the results of the study of the problem revealed shortcomings in the procedure for

conducting military medical examination (MME) due to the imperfection of the current legislation, since

Order No. 402 does not take into account the existing social challenges and needs of the military.

A common problem is the conduct of formal medical examinations, as a result of which persons

liable for military service who actually have health problems are often unable to obtain a conclusion on

their unfitness for military service due to the demand for illegal benefits. At the same time, persons who

do not have any medical indications for this directly or indirectly enter into corrupt relations with

members of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) in order to evade military service.

In particular, the Human Rights Centre "Principle" NGO in its study on the system of determining

fitness for military service points out that although the first section of Order No. 402 states that the

Schedule of Diseases is developed in accordance with the requirements of the International Statistical

Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision (ICD-10), in fact, the items of the

Schedule of Diseases cannot be identified and compared unambiguously and fully

In addition, a necessary component of ensuring an objective assessment of the health status of

persons liable for military service and an individual approach is to take into account the totality and

interconnection of diseases when determining fitness for military service in order to prevent irreversible

deterioration of the health status of persons during service and combat missions.

https://pryncyp.com/publications/%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1

%8F-%D1%89%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE-%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8-%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%

D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82

%D1%96-%D0%B4%D0%BE-%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B8

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

CONCLUSION

Another corruption risk factor that contributes to the development of corruption risks in Military

Medical Commissions (MMCs) is the slow process of integrating the electronic healthcare system (EHMS),

the Unified Register of Conscripts, Persons Liable for Military Service and Reservists with the military

medical examination system due to the poor material and technical support of Military Medical

Commissions (MMCs).

In accordance with Order No. 402, persons liable for military service have the possibility of both pre-

trial and judicial appeal against the decisions of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs). At the same time,

only the decisions of regular Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) can be appealed in court, which means

that in order to appeal the decision of a non-staff permanent Military Medical Commission (MMC), a

person liable for military service should still file a complaint with a regular Military Medical Commission

(MMC) as part of the pre-trial appeal procedure.

At the same time, within the framework of the administrative process, the court is not entitled to

assess the professional actions of specific doctors - members of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs)

when they apply the appropriate methods of examination of the plaintiff, examine medical

documentation, determine diagnoses and their compliance with a specific article of the Schedule of

Diseases, as this requires special knowledge in the medical field.

Therefore, the absence of an effective, clear, transparent procedure for pre-trial appeal of decisions

of non-staff Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) may cause both an excessive burden on the courts due

to an increase in the number of cases concerning the unlawfulness of decisions of non-staff Military

Medical Commissions (MMCs) and inefficiency of such judicial review in general.

Priority should be given to changing approaches to VLT and reforming Military Medical Commissions

(MMCs) and Medical and Social Expert Commission (MSEC), aimed at building a holistic human-centred

system and developing the state veteran policy. Given the importance of minimising the identified

corruption risks and the urgent social need to improve the activities of Central Military Medical

Commission (CMMC), it should be noted that mechanisms and ways to improve the activities of Central

Military Medical Commission (CMMC) should be a joint achievement of the relevant public authorities,

expert and veteran NGOs.

Currently, the implementation of the recommendations proposed by the National Agency will

increase the transparency of the formation of Military Medical Commissions (MMCs) and the

appointment of its members, regulate the procedure for passing military medical examination (MME),

improve the efficiency of medical examinations, protect the rights of persons liable for military service

and military personnel, and generally have a positive impact on the quality of manning the Armed Forces

of Ukraine.

UUI, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 104: Orientering om rapport vedrørende mobilisering i Ukraine, fra udlændinge- og integrationsministeren

STRATEGIC

ANALYSIS OF

CORRUPTION

RISKS

2023