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NPA Alm.del Bilag 10, UPN Alm.del Bilag 315, FOU Alm.del Bilag 191
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Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-2024)
NATO collects defence expenditure data from Allies and publishes it on a regular basis.
Each Ally’s Ministry of Defence reports current and estimated future defence expenditure
according to an agreed definition. The amounts represent payments by a national
government that have been or will be made during the course of the fiscal year to meet
the needs of its armed forces, those of Allies or of the Alliance. In the figures and tables
that follow, NATO also uses economic and demographic information available from the
Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs of the European Commission
(DG ECFIN) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
(OECD).
In view of differences between these sources and national GDP forecasts, and also the
definition of NATO defence expenditure and national definitions, the figures shown in
this report may considerably diverge from those that are referenced by media, published
by national authorities or given in national budgets. Equipment expenditure includes
expenditure on major equipment as well as on research and development devoted to major
equipment. Personnel expenditure includes pensions paid to retirees.
The cut-off date for information used in this report was 12 June 2024. Figures for 2023
and 2024 are estimates.
News and information is routinely placed on the NATO website. This includes audio files, transcripts and high resolution
photographs, which are posted as soon as possible after events of media interest. Check the 'What's New' file.
Nouvelles et informations sont régulièrement affichées sur le site Web de l'OTAN, sous la forme de fichiers audio, de
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North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
– Organisation du Traité de l’Atlantique Nord
Press & Media
–
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–
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Internet: www.nato.int
 FOU, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 191: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-2024)
2882806_0002.png
Graph 1 : NATO Europe and Canada - defence expenditure
(annual real change, based on 2015 prices and exchange rates)
%
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
-2
-4
-2.7
2012
-1.3
2013
-0.9
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023e
2024e
1.6
3.0
5.9
4.2
3.6
4.7
2.5
3.7
9.3
17.9
Notes: Figures for 2023 and 2024 are estimates. The NATO Europe and Canada aggregate from 2017 onwards includes Montenegro, which became an Ally on 5 June 2017, from
2020 onwards includes North Macedonia, which became an Ally on 27 March 2020, from 2023 onwards includes Finland, which became an Ally on 4 April 2023 and from 2024
onwards includes Sweden, which became an Ally on 7 March 2024.
Graph 2 – Number of Allies meeting 2%
25
23
20
15
10
7
6
10
9
7
6
5
3
5
5
4
0
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023e
2024e
Notes: Data as at 12 June 2024, based on 2015 prices and exchange rates. Figures for 2023 and 2024 are estimates. The NATO Europe and Canada aggregate from 2017 onwards
includes Montenegro, which became an Ally on 5 June 2017, and from 2020 onwards, North Macedonia, which became an Ally on 27 March 2020, from 2023 onwards Finland,
which became an Ally on 4 April 2023, and from 2024 onwards Sweden, which became an Ally on 7 March 2024.
-2-
 FOU, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 191: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-2024)
2882806_0003.png
%
55
Graph 3 : Defence expenditure as a share of GDP and equipment
expenditure as a share of defence expenditure
2024e
NATO guideline 2%
ALB
LUX
Equipment expenditure as % of defence expenditure
Median 2.11%
HUN
FIN
POL
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0.0
0.5
1.0
ESP
NLD
MNE
TÜR
CZE
GBR
GRC
SVN
ITA
CAN
BEL
PRT
SWE
ROU
NOR
BGR
DEU
MKD
DNK
FRA
LVA
USA
LTU
EST
Median 30.85%
SVK
HRV
NATO guideline 20%
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Defence expenditure as % of GDP
3.5
4.0
4.5
%
Note: Figures for 2024 are estimates.
-3-
 FOU, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 191: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-2024)
2882806_0004.png
Graph 4 : Defence expenditure as a share of GDP (%)
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
%
4.12
(based on 2015 prices and exchange rates)
3.43
3.38
3.15
3.08
2.85
2.41 2.37
2.33 2.25 2.22 2.20
2.18 2.14 2.12 2.11 2.10 2.09
2.06
2.05
2.03
2.02 2.00
1.81
1.55 1.49
1.37 1.30
1.29 1.29
1.28
NATO guideline 2%
2014
Note: Figures for 2024 are estimates.
2024e
Graph 5 : Equipment expenditure as a share of defence expenditure (%)
%
55
50
45
40
35
(based on 2015 prices and exchange rates)
51.1
47.8 47.7
45.8
43.7
37.9
36.9
36.2 36.1
36.1 35.8
34.2 34.0 33.7
31.9
30
25
20
15
10
5
30.8
30.3 30.0 29.9
NATO
29.8 29.3 28.7
28.4 27.3
27.2
24.2
guideline 20%
22.1 21.9 21.2
18.6
15.2
0
2014
Note: Figures for 2024 are estimates.
2024e
-4-
 FOU, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 191: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-2024)
2882806_0005.png
Graph 6 : Defence expenditure
(billion US dollars, based on 2015 prices and exchange rates)
1,400
1,200
1,185
999
1,000
800
600
400
1,018
314
1,056
1,037
1,069
430
910
250
896
254
913
262
904
277
929
289
300
322
334
365
660
200
0
641
651
626
640
699
704
735
703
704
755
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023e
2024e
United States
NATO Europe and Canada
Notes: Figures for 2023 and 2024 are estimates. The NATO Europe and Canada aggregate from 2017 onwards includes Montenegro, which became an Ally on 5 June
2017, from 2020 onwards includes North Macedonia, which became an Ally on 27 March 2020, from 2023 onwards includes Finland, which became an Ally on 4 April
2023 and from 2024 onwards includes Sweden, which became an Ally on 7 March 2024.
Graph 7 : NATO Europe and Canada - defence expenditure
(billion US dollars, based on 2015 prices and exchange rates)
450
425
400
375
+ CZE, HUN, POL
+ MNE
+ SWE
+ BGR, EST, LVA, LTU,
ROU, SVK, SVN
+ ALB, HRV
+ MKD
+ FIN
350
325
300
275
NATO Europe and Canada
250
225
Notes: Figures for 2023 and 2024 are estimates. Includes enlargements which took place in: 1999 (3 Allies), 2004 (7 Allies), 2009 (2 Allies), 2017 (1 Ally), 2020 (1 Ally),
2023 (1 Ally) and 2024 (1 Ally).
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023e
2024e
200
-5-
 FOU, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 191: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-2024)
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Graph 8 : Main categories of defence expenditure (%)
(percentage of total defence expenditure)
2024e
%
100
90
15.2
3.9
31.9
18.6
24.2
37.9
2.2
22.1
29.8
33.7
45.8
2.3
3.6
9.5
0.3
29.4
28.4 28.7
36.1
36.9
21.2
21.9
35.8
36.2
43.7
29.3
30.0
3.9
30.8
27.2
27.3
30.3
80
3.4
47.7
34.0 34.2
36.1
29.9
47.8
3.2
0.3
7.7
3.0
11.3
51.1
70
30.8
60
4.6
34.5
11.9
15.7
7.3
15.6
5.2
32.0
3.8
9.3
10.7
3.9
5.8
4.8
7.6
15.6
2.7
0.3
9.4
3.9
1.7
10.9
20.4
15.0
27.8
23.1
23.0
38.5
4.6
15.3
21.9
50
5.2
10.5
26.1
41.4
35.1
33.3
25.4
23.7
55.9
38.6
59.4
29.9
12.9
31.7
43.2
4.5
40
49.9
14.8
24.2
58.6
39.6 38.0
21.4
43.9
43.3
47.5
39.1
43.9
43.6
28.2
15.8
25.2
30
57.9
50.2 51.6
43.5
36.6
20
28.8 26.5
10
29.6
21.7 20.6
32.5
35.5
32.4
23.8
29.5
0
Personnel
Operations & maintenance and other expenditures
Infrastructure
Major equipment, including related R&D
Graph 9 : NATO Europe and Canada - major equipment expenditure
(annual real change, based on 2015 prices and exchange rates)
%
40
36.9
36
32
28
24
20
16.4
16
12
8
12.8
10.2
3.7
8.4
9.1
5.9
13.6
4
0
-4
-8
2014
-2.9
2.7
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023e
2024e
Notes: Figures for 2023 and 2024 are estimates. The NATO Europe and Canada aggregate from 2017 onwards includes Montenegro, which became an Ally on 5 June 2017, from 2020 onwards includes
North Macedonia, which became an Ally on 27 March 2020, from 2023 onwards includes Finland, which became an Ally on 4 April 2023 and from 2024 onwards includes Sweden, which became an Ally
on 7 March 2024.
-6-
 FOU, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 191: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-2024)
2882806_0007.png
Table 1 : Defence expenditure
Million national currency units
2014
Current prices
Albania (Leks)
Belgium (Euros)
Bulgaria (Leva)
Canada (Canadian dollars)
Croatia (Euros)
Czechia* (Koruny)
Denmark (Kroner)
Estonia* (Euros)
Finland (Euros)
France (Euros)
Germany (Euros)
Greece (Euros)
Hungary (Forint)
Italy (Euros)
Latvia* (Euros)
Lithuania* (Euros)
Luxembourg (Euros)
Montenegro (Euros)
Netherlands (Euros)
North Macedonia (Denars)
Norway (Kroner)
Poland* (Zlotys)
Portugal (Euros)
Romania* (New Lei)
Slovak Republic (Euros)
Slovenia (Euros)
Spain (Euros)
Sweden (Kronor)
Türkiye (Liras)
United Kingdom (Pounds)
United States (US dollars)
18,788
3,913
1,102
20,076
811
41,003
22,769
386
3,004
39,149
34,749
3,939
281,402
18,427
221
322
190
52
7,788
5,743
48,660
31,874
2,263
9,014
752
366
9,508
42,574
29,727
39,902
653,942
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023e
2024e
16,671
3,789
1,116
23,900
804
47,264
22,633
418
3,065
39,199
35,898
4,073
316,338
17,642
254
425
225
51
7,816
5,853
49,529
39,940
2,384
10,337
889
361
10,000
43,045
32,522
38,940
641,253
16,250
3,848
1,186
23,474
756
45,598
24,190
450
3,089
39,950
37,598
4,190
362,798
20,226
364
575
213
56
8,234
5,770
54,022
37,082
2,364
10,738
907
406
9,014
42,955
38,203
41,590
656,059
17,199
3,932
1,255
30,761
812
52,805
24,961
479
3,131
40,852
40,265
4,208
468,765
21,166
430
724
288
58
8,539
5,532
56,664
37,558
2,424
14,765
935
422
10,528
44,700
47,323
43,257
642,933
18,995
4,101
1,593
29,025
805
59,752
28,787
521
3,238
42,748
42,127
4,560
436,500
21,702
601
895
301
64
9,456
6,232
61,349
42,824
2,750
17,183
1,098
463
11,172
46,905
68,300
45,202
672,255
21,670
4,253
3,771
29,949
881
68,373
29,929
569
3,483
44,206
46,936
4,483
636,566
21,042
618
977
341
66
10,778
8,029
66,318
45,404
2,947
19,527
1,610
511
11,281
52,586
79,987
46,509
750,886
21,348
4,665
1,920
31,289
861
74,257
31,962
630
3,642
46,018
51,392
4,812
852,321
26,360
651
1,030
373
72
11,249
8,303
68,054
52,110
2,867
21,431
1,796
498
11,240
55,118
93,910
49,495
770,650
23,072
5,276
2,109
31,976
1,150
84,864
33,161
633
3,503
47,702
52,431
6,764
730,691
28,001
696
1,105
341
77
11,758
10,604
72,483
58,304
3,295
22,029
1,746
645
12,546
77,794
116,482
52,283
824,094
25,848
6,551
2,672
33,707
1,219
90,969
38,726
778
4,485
49,567
58,266
8,054
1,212,914
29,901
813
1,649
438
82
13,189
12,899
83,589
68,361
3,395
24,317
1,983
737
15,610
86,596
203,704
57,269
834,977
40,256
7,047
3,602
37,785
1,332
100,735
56,084
1,144
5,794
54,900
67,621
6,224
1,538,908
31,303
1,160
2,002
594
106
15,500
15,200
92,951
111,226
3,921
25,644
2,260
845
17,451
104,488
393,841
61,877
875,603
49,842
7,900
4,217
41,012
1,506
159,691
68,670
1,333
6,777
59,600
90,586
7,126
1,730,698
31,957
1,318
2,133
728
150
19,900
20,128
112,211
151,241
4,291
40,057
2,634
880
19,723
139,930
847,856
64,584
967,707
Constant 2015 prices
Albania (Leks)
Belgium (Euros)
Bulgaria (Leva)
Canada (Canadian dollars)
Croatia (Euros)
Czechia* (Koruny)
Denmark (Kroner)
Estonia* (Euros)
Finland (Euros)
France (Euros)
Germany (Euros)
Greece (Euros)
Hungary (Forint)
Italy (Euros)
Latvia* (Euros)
Lithuania* (Euros)
Luxembourg (Euros)
Montenegro (Euros)
Netherlands (Euros)
North Macedonia (Denars)
Norway (Kroner)
Poland* (Zlotys)
Portugal (Euros)
Romania* (New Lei)
Slovak Republic (Euros)
Slovenia (Euros)
Spain (Euros)
Sweden (Kronor)
Türkiye (Liras)
United Kingdom (Pounds)
United States (US dollars)
18,894
3,965
1,134
19,902
812
41,410
22,868
389
3,052
39,595
35,394
3,927
289,213
18,734
221
322
195
53
7,796
5,858
47,295
32,276
2,309
9,309
750
370
9,560
43,498
32,059
40,166
660,021
16,671
3,789
1,116
23,900
804
47,264
22,633
418
3,065
39,199
35,898
4,073
316,338
17,642
254
425
225
51
7,816
5,853
49,529
39,940
2,384
10,337
889
361
10,000
43,045
32,522
38,940
641,253
16,354
3,775
1,148
23,307
756
45,083
24,130
440
3,086
39,741
37,105
4,214
358,070
19,769
361
566
216
54
8,162
5,577
54,900
37,024
2,324
10,464
912
403
8,985
42,288
35,330
40,788
651,246
17,061
3,789
1,159
29,776
803
51,539
24,607
451
3,103
40,430
39,147
4,221
444,734
20,511
414
684
286
53
8,340
5,201
55,327
36,896
2,348
13,748
928
413
10,360
43,112
39,434
41,651
626,409
18,569
3,891
1,411
27,640
780
56,861
28,168
468
3,146
41,888
40,152
4,581
394,977
21,079
557
816
293
57
9,041
5,637
56,117
41,551
2,616
15,064
1,069
443
10,858
44,187
48,848
42,702
640,087
20,921
3,965
3,174
28,085
836
62,629
28,979
493
3,334
42,771
43,801
4,492
549,708
20,248
550
867
329
57
10,027
7,201
60,997
42,744
2,755
16,028
1,528
478
10,808
48,318
50,240
43,027
699,062
20,468
4,280
1,550
29,031
811
65,202
30,069
553
3,430
43,293
47,077
4,863
691,819
24,972
567
897
345
63
10,245
7,345
64,210
47,039
2,628
16,897
1,666
461
10,647
49,640
51,385
43,574
704,414
21,382
4,693
1,589
27,557
1,061
72,116
30,332
525
3,222
44,246
46,626
6,697
557,214
26,197
584
903
301
64
10,510
8,995
56,889
49,925
2,963
16,471
1,582
581
11,577
68,272
49,418
46,084
734,749
21,801
5,502
1,733
26,983
1,035
71,213
32,778
555
3,914
44,658
49,217
7,428
809,716
27,001
610
1,157
365
60
11,595
10,159
51,190
53,087
2,908
16,062
1,672
624
13,831
71,713
44,085
48,008
703,362
32,543
5,706
2,173
29,770
1,043
72,643
49,181
755
4,825
46,902
53,567
5,472
895,296
26,851
826
1,311
478
72
13,421
11,555
63,681
77,832
3,135
15,101
1,730
656
14,597
81,916
50,894
48,424
703,902
38,973
6,214
2,462
31,396
1,117
112,343
59,340
850
5,561
49,742
69,341
6,121
939,948
26,882
921
1,367
564
97
16,675
14,578
77,843
101,236
3,339
21,992
1,909
647
15,958
106,387
73,331
49,261
754,684
Notes: Figures for 2023 and 2024 are estimates.
* These Allies have national laws or political agreements which call for 2% of GDP or more to be spent on defence annually, consequently future estimates are expected to change accordingly. For past years Allies defence spending was based on the
then available GDP data and Allies may, therefore, have met the 2% guideline when using those figures. (In 2018 and 2021, Lithuania met 2% using November 2018 and June 2021 OECD figures respectively).
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 FOU, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 191: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-2024)
2882806_0008.png
Table 2 : Defence expenditure
Million US dollars
2014
Current prices and exchange rates
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
Croatia
Czechia*
Denmark
Estonia*
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia*
Lithuania*
Luxembourg
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland*
Portugal
Romania*
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Türkiye
United Kingdom
United States
178
5,200
747
18,172
1,064
1,975
4,057
514
3,991
52,022
46,176
5,234
1,210
24,487
294
428
253
69
10,349
124
7,722
10,107
3,007
2,691
999
487
12,634
6,205
13,577
65,692
653,942
289,276
2015
132
4,204
633
18,689
883
1,921
3,364
463
3,401
43,496
39,833
4,520
1,132
19,576
282
471
250
57
8,673
105
6,142
10,588
2,645
2,581
987
401
11,096
5,103
11,953
59,505
641,253
254,422
2016
131
4,258
671
17,708
837
1,866
3,593
497
3,418
44,209
41,606
4,637
1,289
22,382
403
636
236
62
9,112
104
6,431
9,397
2,616
2,645
1,004
449
9,975
5,017
12,644
56,362
656,059
255,595
2017
145
4,441
724
23,700
926
2,259
3,780
541
3,536
46,133
45,470
4,752
1,708
23,902
485
817
326
65
9,643
101
6,850
9,940
2,738
3,643
1,056
477
11,889
5,229
12,971
55,719
642,933
275,102
2018
176
4,845
962
22,399
966
2,750
4,559
615
3,825
50,507
49,772
5,388
1,615
25,641
710
1,057
356
75
11,172
120
7,544
11,857
3,249
4,359
1,298
547
13,200
5,396
14,168
60,380
672,255
300,167
2019
197
4,761
2,159
22,572
1,001
2,982
4,487
637
3,900
49,493
52,549
5,019
2,190
23,559
692
1,094
381
74
12,067
146
7,536
11,824
3,299
4,608
1,802
572
12,630
5,560
14,089
59,399
750,886
301,674
2020
197
5,324
1,121
23,330
983
3,199
4,886
719
4,156
52,519
58,652
5,492
2,767
30,084
743
1,176
426
83
12,838
154
7,228
13,363
3,273
5,056
2,049
568
12,828
5,984
13,396
63,500
770,650
325,953
2021
224
6,245
1,276
25,502
1,361
3,915
5,274
749
4,145
56,457
62,054
8,006
2,410
33,140
824
1,308
403
91
13,916
204
8,438
15,099
3,899
5,299
2,066
763
14,849
9,071
13,137
71,927
824,094
358,836
2022
231
6,904
1,440
25,898
1,285
3,895
5,473
820
4,726
52,238
61,405
8,488
3,270
31,512
857
1,738
461
86
13,899
221
8,694
15,338
3,578
5,197
2,090
777
16,451
8,562
12,292
70,846
834,977
355,382
2023e
397
7,622
1,992
27,991
1,441
4,538
8,140
1,238
6,266
59,379
73,138
6,731
4,360
33,857
1,254
2,165
642
114
16,764
267
8,799
26,476
4,241
5,605
2,445
914
18,875
9,848
16,614
76,939
875,603
419,205
2024e
516
8,519
2,325
30,495
1,624
6,834
9,940
1,437
7,308
64,271
97,686
7,684
4,889
34,462
1,421
2,300
785
162
21,460
353
10,606
34,975
4,627
8,644
2,841
949
21,269
13,428
22,776
82,107
967,707
506,692
NATO Europe and Canada
NATO Total
943,218
895,675
911,654
918,035
972,422
1,052,560
1,096,603
1,182,930
1,190,359
1,294,808
1,474,399
Constant 2015 prices and exchange rates
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
Croatia
Czechia*
Denmark
Estonia*
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia*
Lithuania*
Luxembourg
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland*
Portugal
Romania*
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Türkiye
United Kingdom
United States
150
4,400
643
15,563
892
1,683
3,399
431
3,387
43,935
39,274
4,358
1,035
20,788
246
357
216
59
8,650
106
5,865
8,557
2,562
2,324
832
411
10,608
5,157
11,783
61,378
660,021
250,340
132
4,204
633
18,689
883
1,921
3,364
463
3,401
43,496
39,833
4,520
1,132
19,576
282
471
250
57
8,673
105
6,142
10,588
2,645
2,581
987
401
11,096
5,103
11,953
59,505
641,253
254,422
130
4,189
650
18,226
830
1,833
3,587
488
3,424
44,097
41,173
4,676
1,282
21,936
401
628
240
59
9,057
100
6,808
9,815
2,579
2,612
1,012
447
9,970
5,013
12,985
62,329
651,246
261,980
135
4,204
657
23,285
881
2,095
3,657
501
3,443
44,862
43,438
4,683
1,592
22,759
459
759
317
59
9,254
94
6,861
9,781
2,605
3,432
1,030
458
11,495
5,111
14,494
63,647
626,409
277,401
147
4,317
800
21,614
856
2,312
4,187
519
3,491
46,480
44,554
5,084
1,414
23,390
618
905
325
63
10,032
102
6,959
11,015
2,902
3,761
1,186
491
12,049
5,239
17,954
65,254
640,087
289,189
166
4,400
1,799
21,962
918
2,546
4,307
547
3,700
47,460
48,603
4,985
1,968
22,468
610
962
365
64
11,126
130
7,564
11,332
3,057
4,001
1,696
531
11,993
5,728
18,465
65,749
699,062
299,644
163
4,750
879
22,702
890
2,651
4,469
613
3,806
48,039
52,238
5,396
2,477
27,709
629
996
383
70
11,368
132
7,962
12,471
2,916
4,218
1,848
511
11,814
5,885
18,886
66,585
704,414
313,765
170
5,207
901
21,549
1,165
2,932
4,508
582
3,575
49,096
51,737
7,431
1,995
29,069
648
1,002
334
71
11,662
162
7,055
13,236
3,288
4,112
1,755
645
12,846
8,094
18,163
70,421
734,749
321,743
173
6,106
982
21,101
1,137
2,895
4,872
616
4,343
49,554
54,613
8,242
2,899
29,961
677
1,283
405
67
12,867
183
6,348
14,074
3,227
4,010
1,855
692
15,347
8,502
16,203
73,362
703,362
333,750
258
6,332
1,232
23,280
1,145
2,953
7,310
838
5,354
52,044
59,440
6,072
3,205
29,794
916
1,455
531
79
14,892
208
7,897
20,634
3,479
3,770
1,920
728
16,198
9,712
18,706
73,997
703,902
364,667
309
6,895
1,395
24,551
1,226
4,567
8,820
944
6,170
55,195
76,943
6,792
3,365
29,829
1,022
1,517
626
107
18,503
263
9,653
26,839
3,706
5,490
2,118
718
17,707
12,613
26,952
75,277
754,684
430,112
NATO Europe and Canada
NATO Total
910,361
895,675
913,226
903,810
929,276
998,706
1,018,179
1,056,492
1,037,111
1,068,568
1,184,796
Notes: Figures for 2023 and 2024 are estimates. The NATO Europe and Canada and NATO Total aggregates from 2017 onwards include Montenegro, which became an Ally on 5 June 2017, from 2020 onwards include North Macedonia, which
became an Ally on 27 March 2020, from 2023 onwards include Finland, which became an Ally on 4 April 2023 and from 2024 onwards include Sweden, which became an Ally on 7 March 2024.
* These Allies have national laws or political agreements which call for 2% of GDP or more to be spent on defence annually, consequently future estimates are expected to change accordingly. For past years Allies defence spending was based on the
then available GDP data and Allies may, therefore, have met the 2% guideline when using those figures. (In 2018 and 2021, Lithuania met 2% using November 2018 and June 2021 OECD figures respectively).
-8-
 FOU, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 191: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-2024)
2882806_0009.png
Table 3 : Defence expenditure as a share of GDP and annual real change
Based on 2015 prices
2014
Share of real GDP (%)
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
Croatia
Czechia*
Denmark
Estonia*
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia*
Lithuania*
Luxembourg
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland*
Portugal
Romania*
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Türkiye
United Kingdom
United States
1.35
0.97
1.31
1.01
1.81
0.94
1.15
1.93
1.45
1.82
1.19
2.22
0.86
1.14
0.94
0.88
0.37
1.50
1.15
1.09
1.54
1.88
1.31
1.35
0.98
0.97
0.92
1.06
1.45
2.14
3.71
2015
1.16
0.91
1.25
1.20
1.75
1.02
1.11
2.03
1.45
1.78
1.19
2.31
0.90
1.07
1.03
1.14
0.41
1.40
1.13
1.05
1.58
2.23
1.33
1.45
1.11
0.93
0.93
1.01
1.38
2.03
3.51
2016
1.10
0.89
1.24
1.16
1.59
0.95
1.15
2.07
1.42
1.79
1.20
2.40
1.00
1.18
1.44
1.48
0.38
1.42
1.16
0.97
1.73
2.00
1.27
1.43
1.12
1.00
0.81
0.97
1.45
2.09
3.50
2017
1.11
0.88
1.22
1.44
1.63
1.03
1.14
2.01
1.38
1.78
1.23
2.38
1.19
1.20
1.59
1.71
0.49
1.34
1.15
0.89
1.71
1.89
1.24
1.73
1.10
0.98
0.91
0.97
1.51
2.08
3.28
2018
1.16
0.89
1.45
1.30
1.54
1.10
1.28
2.01
1.39
1.81
1.25
2.54
1.01
1.23
2.06
1.97
0.50
1.37
1.22
0.94
1.72
2.02
1.34
1.79
1.22
1.01
0.93
0.97
1.82
2.10
3.26
2019
1.28
0.89
3.13
1.29
1.59
1.18
1.30
2.04
1.45
1.81
1.35
2.45
1.34
1.17
2.02
2.00
0.55
1.33
1.32
1.16
1.84
1.99
1.37
1.84
1.70
1.05
0.91
1.04
1.85
2.08
3.47
2020
1.30
1.01
1.59
1.41
1.69
1.30
1.38
2.30
1.53
2.00
1.51
2.91
1.76
1.59
2.16
2.07
0.58
1.73
1.41
1.24
1.97
2.23
1.43
2.01
1.92
1.06
1.00
1.09
1.86
2.35
3.58
2021
1.24
1.04
1.52
1.27
1.95
1.39
1.30
2.03
1.40
1.91
1.45
3.70
1.32
1.54
2.09
1.96
0.47
1.55
1.36
1.45
1.68
2.22
1.52
1.85
1.74
1.23
1.03
1.42
1.61
2.29
3.53
2022
1.21
1.18
1.59
1.20
1.78
1.34
1.37
2.16
1.68
1.88
1.51
3.88
1.84
1.52
2.12
2.45
0.56
1.38
1.44
1.61
1.46
2.23
1.40
1.74
1.81
1.29
1.16
1.45
1.36
2.29
3.31
2023e
1.75
1.21
1.96
1.31
1.74
1.37
2.01
3.04
2.09
1.96
1.64
2.80
2.05
1.50
2.87
2.78
1.12
1.54
1.66
1.81
1.81
3.26
1.48
1.60
1.84
1.34
1.19
1.66
1.50
2.30
3.23
2024e
2.03
1.30
2.18
1.37
1.81
2.10
2.37
3.43
2.41
2.06
2.12
3.08
2.11
1.49
3.15
2.85
1.29
2.02
2.05
2.22
2.20
4.12
1.55
2.25
2.00
1.29
1.28
2.14
2.09
2.33
3.38
NATO Europe and Canada
NATO Total
1.43
2.58
1.42
2.48
1.44
2.48
1.48
2.39
1.51
2.40
1.54
2.52
1.72
2.69
1.66
2.63
1.66
2.51
1.78
2.53
2.02
2.71
Annual real change (%)
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
Croatia
Czechia*
Denmark
Estonia*
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia*
Lithuania*
Luxembourg
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland*
Portugal
Romania*
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Türkiye
United Kingdom
United States
-2.74
-2.25
-9.08
4.95
25.92
-4.91
-4.84
3.74
-6.03
-1.21
-1.39
0.44
-5.22
-9.81
2.39
19.38
4.92
4.49
0.19
-3.58
5.38
11.38
-8.52
8.61
3.25
-4.42
0.36
4.28
0.78
-1.11
-5.19
-0.88
-4.04
-11.76
-4.44
-1.56
20.09
-1.03
14.14
-1.03
7.42
0.42
-1.00
1.42
3.72
9.38
-5.83
14.66
31.96
15.30
-3.50
0.26
-0.09
4.72
23.75
3.25
11.05
18.61
-2.37
4.60
-1.04
1.44
-3.05
-2.84
1.63
-1.61
-1.90
-0.36
2.80
-2.48
-5.96
-4.61
6.62
5.24
0.68
1.38
3.36
3.47
13.19
12.05
42.29
33.13
-3.82
4.33
4.43
-4.71
10.84
-7.30
-2.51
1.23
2.51
11.42
-10.15
-1.76
8.64
4.75
1.56
2.97
1.96
4.32
0.36
0.96
27.76
6.15
14.32
1.98
2.68
0.55
1.73
5.50
0.15
24.20
3.75
14.61
20.84
32.04
-1.34
2.17
-6.75
0.78
-0.34
1.03
31.38
1.80
2.45
15.30
1.95
11.61
2.11
-3.81
5.89
-1.03
8.84
2.69
21.79
-7.18
-2.81
10.33
14.47
3.73
1.39
3.61
2.57
8.55
-11.19
2.77
34.54
19.38
2.59
7.29
8.41
8.40
1.43
12.62
11.40
9.57
15.18
7.31
4.81
2.49
23.87
2.52
2.18
4.25
2.82
12.67
1.90
124.94
1.61
7.19
10.14
2.88
5.34
5.98
2.11
9.09
-1.94
39.17
-3.94
-1.25
6.24
12.37
1.36
10.90
27.73
8.70
2.87
5.32
6.40
42.97
8.03
-0.47
9.35
2.85
0.76
9.21
3.62
7.47
-2.17
7.96
-51.16
3.37
-3.02
4.11
3.76
12.05
2.87
1.22
7.48
8.25
25.85
23.33
3.09
3.51
4.72
10.02
2.18
2.01
5.27
10.05
-4.60
5.42
8.97
-3.67
-1.49
2.73
2.28
1.27
0.77
4.71
1.95
4.47
9.64
2.49
-5.08
30.82
10.60
0.87
-5.01
-6.07
2.20
-0.96
37.70
-19.46
4.91
3.10
0.67
-12.62
1.48
2.59
22.46
-11.40
6.13
12.76
-2.52
-5.03
26.10
8.73
37.53
-3.83
5.76
4.31
2.54
3.76
1.96
17.25
9.07
-2.08
-2.40
-1.25
8.07
5.75
21.50
0.93
5.56
10.92
45.32
3.07
4.48
28.03
21.06
-5.98
10.33
12.94
-10.02
6.33
-1.85
-2.49
5.69
7.38
19.47
5.04
-10.79
4.18
-4.27
3.73
-1.83
49.27
3.70
25.37
10.33
0.73
2.01
50.04
36.12
23.28
5.02
8.84
-26.32
10.57
-0.56
35.29
13.35
31.17
18.81
15.74
13.74
24.40
46.61
7.79
-5.98
3.47
5.21
5.54
14.23
15.45
0.87
0.08
9.26
3.03
19.76
8.89
13.29
5.46
7.11
54.65
20.66
12.56
15.24
6.05
29.45
11.85
4.99
0.12
11.56
4.25
17.86
34.97
24.25
26.16
22.24
30.07
6.52
45.63
10.36
-1.41
9.32
29.87
44.09
1.73
7.21
17.95
10.88
NATO Europe and Canada
NATO Total
Notes: Figures for 2023 and 2024 are estimates. The NATO Europe and Canada and NATO Total aggregates from 2017 onwards include Montenegro, which became an Ally on 5 June 2017, from 2020 onwards include North Macedonia, which
became an Ally on 27 March 2020, from 2023 onwards include Finland, which became an Ally on 4 April 2023 and from 2024 onwards include Sweden, which became an Ally on 7 March 2024.
* These Allies have national laws or political agreements which call for 2% of GDP or more to be spent on defence annually, consequently future estimates are expected to change accordingly. For past years Allies defence spending was based on the
then available GDP data and Allies may, therefore, have met the 2% guideline when using those figures. (In 2018 and 2021, Lithuania met 2% using November 2018 and June 2021 OECD figures respectively).
-9-
 FOU, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 191: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-2024)
2882806_0010.png
Table 4 : Defence expenditure real change 2014-2024e
Million US dollars (2015 prices and exchange rates)
2014
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
Croatia
Czechia
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Türkiye
United Kingdom
United States
Note: Figures for 2024 are estimates.
2024e
309
6,895
1,395
24,551
1,226
4,567
8,820
944
6,170
55,195
76,943
6,792
3,365
29,829
1,022
1,517
626
107
18,503
263
9,653
26,839
3,706
5,490
2,118
718
17,707
12,613
26,952
75,277
754,684
Real change 2014-
2024e (%)
106.27
56.70
117.09
57.75
37.50
171.30
159.50
118.70
82.19
25.63
95.91
55.87
225.00
43.49
316.36
324.45
189.09
81.83
113.90
148.87
64.59
213.66
44.64
136.25
154.56
74.81
66.93
144.58
128.74
22.64
14.34
Share of real GDP
2014 (%)
1.35
0.97
1.31
1.01
1.81
0.94
1.15
1.93
1.45
1.82
1.19
2.22
0.86
1.14
0.94
0.88
0.37
1.50
1.15
1.09
1.54
1.88
1.31
1.35
0.98
0.97
0.92
1.06
1.45
2.14
3.71
Share of real GDP
2024e (%)
2.03
1.30
2.18
1.37
1.81
2.10
2.37
3.43
2.41
2.06
2.12
3.08
2.11
1.49
3.15
2.85
1.29
2.02
2.05
2.22
2.20
4.12
1.55
2.25
2.00
1.29
1.28
2.14
2.09
2.33
3.38
150
4,400
643
15,563
892
1,683
3,399
431
3,387
43,935
39,274
4,358
1,035
20,788
246
357
216
59
8,650
106
5,865
8,557
2,562
2,324
832
411
10,608
5,157
11,783
61,378
660,021
-10-
 FOU, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 191: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-2024)
2882806_0011.png
Table 5 : GDP
Million US dollars
2014
Current prices and exchange rates
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
Croatia
Czechia
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Türkiye
United Kingdom
United States
13,246
535,528
57,080
1,805,748
58,711
209,305
352,982
26,625
274,934
2,860,031
3,896,203
235,519
141,034
17,868
2,164,173
31,395
48,611
68,792
4,595
892,368
11,378
501,737
538,944
229,961
199,714
101,463
50,010
1,372,176
582,981
938,511
3,066,303
17,608,138
20,414,040
2015
11,389
462,383
50,766
1,556,511
50,481
188,114
302,679
22,881
234,558
2,440,769
3,355,015
195,704
125,174
17,517
1,835,521
27,266
41,440
60,202
4,055
765,823
10,067
388,160
475,855
199,415
177,884
88,910
43,112
1,196,280
504,993
864,071
2,928,557
18,295,019
17,871,876
2016
11,862
475,931
53,926
1,527,996
52,749
196,193
313,100
24,056
240,705
2,470,977
3,462,962
193,095
128,610
20,793
1,877,709
28,076
43,035
62,162
4,376
783,668
10,686
370,956
469,766
206,369
185,288
89,928
44,754
1,233,216
514,607
869,280
2,699,086
18,804,913
17,895,542
2017
13,053
502,587
59,288
1,649,271
56,856
218,891
332,112
26,881
255,558
2,596,965
3,694,227
199,774
143,113
24,728
1,963,794
30,473
47,742
65,819
4,855
834,413
11,336
401,746
524,602
221,280
210,147
95,616
48,572
1,312,781
540,922
858,933
2,682,385
19,612,103
18,820,901
2018
15,156
543,545
66,398
1,725,297
62,829
249,261
356,839
30,592
275,833
2,794,038
3,982,019
212,146
160,566
26,261
2,092,708
34,445
53,776
70,965
5,509
914,612
12,694
439,789
588,270
242,423
243,316
106,186
54,203
1,422,349
555,712
780,189
2,875,024
20,656,516
20,148,710
2019
15,399
535,925
68,889
1,743,730
62,838
252,654
346,506
31,259
268,545
2,732,071
3,896,534
205,167
164,010
24,682
2,011,295
34,229
54,815
69,652
5,543
909,682
12,609
408,742
595,256
240,013
251,018
105,723
54,393
1,394,474
534,208
760,521
2,853,072
21,521,395
19,828,091
2020
15,192
525,843
70,311
1,655,685
58,174
246,046
354,761
31,291
271,668
2,644,242
3,876,612
188,684
157,289
21,630
1,894,127
34,363
56,919
73,625
4,777
908,441
12,385
367,633
598,914
228,849
251,699
106,652
53,692
1,277,106
546,657
720,159
2,699,734
21,322,950
19,134,836
2021
17,984
601,147
84,100
2,007,472
69,651
281,711
405,687
36,836
296,663
2,958,295
4,270,522
216,384
182,110
25,798
2,153,592
39,469
66,843
85,538
5,865
1,029,762
14,008
503,368
681,423
255,705
286,015
118,642
61,873
1,446,613
638,245
818,337
3,142,262
23,594,031
21,867,014
2022
19,083
583,895
90,422
2,161,483
72,057
290,498
400,161
37,923
282,105
2,780,433
4,078,694
218,698
177,788
28,702
2,069,149
40,454
71,070
81,969
6,243
1,010,554
13,735
593,727
689,253
255,397
299,470
115,676
60,111
1,418,916
589,306
905,841
3,100,109
25,744,108
21,671,511
2023e
22,743
630,704
101,611
2,140,086
82,710
331,224
404,183
40,756
300,274
3,035,467
4,458,611
240,073
212,464
31,020
2,258,302
43,640
77,859
57,529
7,406
1,119,508
14,769
485,513
812,104
287,163
350,919
132,832
68,236
1,581,151
593,447
1,108,453
3,341,277
27,360,935
23,778,586
2024e
25,431
655,744
106,721
2,233,829
89,895
326,130
418,584
41,886
302,719
3,120,348
4,610,035
249,811
231,612
32,894
2,311,170
45,152
80,717
60,689
8,022
1,162,883
15,873
482,584
848,857
298,976
383,921
142,812
73,517
1,658,360
626,536
1,090,290
3,520,496
28,719,942
25,256,495
NATO Europe and Canada
NATO Total
38,022,179
36,166,895
36,700,455
38,433,004
40,805,225
41,349,486
40,457,785
45,461,045
47,415,620
51,139,521
53,976,437
Constant 2015 prices and exchange rates
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
Croatia
Czechia
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Türkiye
United Kingdom
United States
11,142
453,133
49,098
1,546,459
49,226
178,374
295,734
22,369
233,287
2,415,427
3,313,881
196,088
120,699
16,773
1,823,987
26,246
40,617
58,860
3,922
751,122
9,693
381,082
456,283
195,904
172,434
84,542
42,180
1,152,058
484,476
814,513
2,864,948
17,771,549
17,533,176
11,389
462,383
50,766
1,556,511
50,481
188,114
302,679
22,881
234,558
2,440,769
3,355,015
195,704
125,174
17,517
1,835,521
27,266
41,440
60,202
4,055
765,823
10,067
388,160
475,855
199,415
177,884
88,910
43,112
1,196,280
504,993
864,071
2,928,557
18,295,019
17,871,876
11,767
468,239
52,302
1,572,676
52,323
192,724
312,509
23,586
241,153
2,464,732
3,426,873
194,750
127,929
18,621
1,861,730
27,912
42,484
63,206
4,175
782,226
10,354
392,681
490,650
203,442
182,967
90,638
44,488
1,232,620
514,253
892,785
2,984,816
18,627,888
18,211,677
12,214
475,822
53,738
1,620,388
54,084
203,027
321,319
24,874
248,855
2,525,383
3,529,121
196,877
133,394
19,402
1,894,253
28,836
44,303
64,045
4,372
805,703
10,466
402,355
516,210
210,575
197,964
93,301
46,630
1,269,299
528,755
959,762
3,064,065
19,085,692
18,771,318
12,705
484,354
55,187
1,664,835
55,697
209,536
327,715
25,832
251,689
2,571,290
3,564,546
200,162
140,547
20,351
1,909,010
29,987
46,072
64,846
4,594
824,376
10,767
405,691
546,499
216,575
209,899
97,062
48,707
1,298,296
539,501
988,681
3,107,078
19,651,868
19,130,130
12,970
495,209
57,413
1,696,607
57,615
215,750
332,591
26,849
254,769
2,619,845
3,603,917
203,772
147,384
20,730
1,918,176
30,163
48,222
66,743
4,780
840,033
11,188
410,249
570,467
222,385
217,987
99,499
50,423
1,324,054
550,420
996,774
3,158,084
20,136,688
19,448,693
12,542
469,155
55,136
1,611,128
52,706
203,845
324,533
26,666
248,767
2,418,677
3,452,645
185,394
140,770
19,291
1,744,588
29,103
48,210
66,157
4,049
807,400
10,664
405,006
558,924
203,926
209,971
96,186
48,285
1,176,192
537,580
1,015,313
2,830,910
19,690,969
18,227,371
13,659
501,297
59,361
1,696,308
59,579
210,971
346,763
28,631
255,824
2,572,607
3,560,517
200,848
150,711
20,284
1,889,011
31,062
51,240
70,890
4,577
857,352
11,145
420,836
597,321
215,626
221,958
100,775
52,258
1,251,507
569,532
1,131,458
3,076,489
20,833,086
19,405,041
14,321
516,386
61,691
1,761,105
63,766
215,929
356,232
28,495
259,241
2,637,594
3,627,506
212,362
157,618
22,086
1,967,314
31,980
52,490
71,884
4,856
894,962
11,392
433,485
632,444
230,348
231,074
102,660
53,544
1,323,728
585,190
1,194,067
3,210,169
21,236,308
20,121,489
14,793
523,929
62,831
1,779,878
65,718
215,545
362,958
27,604
256,559
2,660,510
3,623,561
216,576
156,188
22,983
1,987,327
31,890
52,314
47,534
5,146
896,434
11,509
435,714
632,909
235,557
236,038
104,299
54,394
1,356,864
585,237
1,248,001
3,213,508
21,776,285
20,539,068
15,249
530,709
64,043
1,798,435
67,886
217,937
371,436
27,497
255,591
2,679,691
3,631,139
220,819
159,420
23,420
2,000,487
32,479
53,222
48,366
5,319
902,784
11,820
439,238
651,390
239,442
243,831
106,498
55,621
1,380,612
588,499
1,290,190
3,227,637
22,334,404
21,340,707
NATO Europe and Canada
NATO Total
35,304,726
36,166,895
36,839,565
37,857,009
38,781,998
39,585,381
37,918,340
40,238,127
41,357,798
42,315,353
43,675,111
Notes: Figures for 2023 and 2024 are estimates. The NATO Europe and Canada and NATO Total aggregates from 2017 onwards include Montenegro, which became an Ally on 5 June 2017, from 2020 onwards include North Macedonia, which
became an Ally on 27 March 2020, from 2023 onwards include Finland, which became an Ally on 4 April 2023 and from 2024 onwards include Sweden, which became an Ally on 7 March 2024.
-11-
 FOU, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 191: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-2024)
2882806_0012.png
Table 6 : GDP per capita and defence expenditure per capita
2015 prices and exchange rates
2014
GDP per capita (thousand US dollars)
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
Croatia
Czechia
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Türkiye
United Kingdom
United States
3.9
40.4
6.8
43.6
11.6
16.9
52.4
17.0
42.7
36.4
40.9
18.0
12.2
51.2
30.2
13.2
13.9
105.4
6.3
44.5
4.7
74.2
11.9
18.8
8.7
15.6
20.5
24.8
50.0
10.6
44.4
55.6
2015
4.0
41.0
7.1
43.6
12.0
17.8
53.3
17.4
42.8
36.7
41.1
18.1
12.7
53.0
30.5
13.8
14.3
105.7
6.5
45.2
4.9
74.8
12.4
19.3
9.0
16.4
20.9
25.8
51.5
11.0
45.0
56.8
2016
4.1
41.3
7.3
43.6
12.5
18.2
54.5
17.9
43.9
36.9
41.6
18.1
13.0
55.5
31.0
14.2
14.8
108.2
6.7
45.9
5.0
75.0
12.8
19.7
9.3
16.7
21.5
26.5
51.8
11.3
45.5
57.4
2017
4.3
41.8
7.6
44.3
13.1
19.2
55.7
18.9
45.2
37.6
42.7
18.3
13.6
56.5
31.6
14.9
15.7
107.3
7.0
47.0
5.0
76.2
13.4
20.4
10.1
17.2
22.6
27.3
52.6
12.0
46.4
58.4
2018
4.4
42.4
7.9
44.9
13.6
19.7
56.6
19.6
45.6
38.1
43.0
18.6
14.4
57.7
31.9
15.6
16.4
106.5
7.4
47.8
5.2
76.4
14.2
21.1
10.8
17.8
23.5
27.8
53.0
12.1
46.8
59.8
2019
4.5
43.1
8.2
45.1
14.2
20.2
57.2
20.3
46.1
38.7
43.4
19.0
15.1
57.5
32.1
15.8
17.3
107.4
7.7
48.4
5.4
76.7
14.9
21.6
11.2
18.2
24.1
28.1
53.5
12.1
47.3
60.9
2020
4.4
40.6
8.0
42.4
13.0
19.1
55.7
20.1
45.0
35.6
41.5
17.3
14.4
52.6
29.4
15.3
17.2
104.8
6.5
46.3
5.1
75.3
14.6
19.8
10.9
17.6
23.0
24.8
51.9
12.2
42.2
59.3
2021
4.9
43.2
8.6
44.4
15.1
19.7
59.2
21.5
46.2
37.7
42.8
18.9
15.5
54.5
31.9
16.5
18.2
110.6
7.4
48.9
5.7
77.8
15.7
20.9
11.6
18.5
24.8
26.4
54.7
13.4
45.9
62.7
2022
5.2
44.2
9.5
45.2
16.3
20.2
60.3
21.4
46.7
38.5
43.3
20.1
16.3
57.8
33.3
17.0
18.5
109.7
7.9
50.6
5.9
79.4
16.7
22.4
12.1
18.7
25.4
27.8
55.8
14.1
47.4
63.7
2023e
5.4
44.6
9.8
44.9
16.8
20.0
61.1
20.2
46.0
38.7
43.0
20.6
16.2
58.9
33.7
16.8
18.5
71.1
8.2
50.2
5.6
79.5
16.7
22.9
12.4
19.0
25.7
28.3
55.4
14.5
47.1
65.0
2024e
5.6
45.0
10.0
44.6
17.4
20.3
62.3
20.1
45.7
38.9
43.0
21.1
16.5
59.0
33.9
17.1
18.9
71.2
8.4
50.3
5.7
79.8
17.3
23.3
12.8
19.4
26.2
28.6
55.3
14.8
47.0
66.3
NATO Europe and Canada
NATO Total
29.3
38.4
52
393
89
439
211
160
602
328
620
663
485
400
105
345
123
122
388
95
513
51
1,142
222
246
117
154
199
228
532
153
950
2,065
29.7
39.1
46
373
88
523
210
182
592
353
621
653
488
418
115
325
142
162
438
92
512
51
1,183
275
255
130
182
194
239
521
153
914
1,991
30.1
39.7
45
370
91
505
199
173
626
371
623
660
500
434
131
365
204
219
411
95
532
48
1,300
255
250
133
186
216
215
505
164
949
2,006
30.9
40.5
47
370
93
637
213
198
634
381
625
668
526
435
163
379
237
268
531
94
540
45
1,300
255
253
175
189
222
247
508
180
964
1,916
31.4
41.3
51
378
114
583
209
218
723
394
633
689
537
474
145
391
321
323
534
101
582
49
1,310
287
282
193
218
237
258
515
221
982
1,947
31.7
42.0
58
383
258
584
226
239
740
413
670
700
585
465
201
376
319
344
588
102
641
62
1,414
295
297
206
311
254
255
557
224
984
2,115
29.6
40.0
57
411
127
597
220
248
767
461
688
706
628
504
254
466
331
356
606
113
652
64
1,480
325
283
219
338
243
249
568
226
993
2,123
31.4
42.4
60
449
131
564
294
274
770
438
645
720
622
698
205
492
344
357
521
115
665
83
1,304
347
319
215
323
306
271
777
216
1,051
2,211
32.5
43.4
62
523
152
542
291
271
825
462
782
724
652
780
299
508
359
453
618
108
727
95
1,163
372
313
210
338
328
322
811
191
1,082
2,108
32.6
43.9
94
539
191
587
293
274
1,231
614
959
758
705
577
332
505
483
514
794
126
834
101
1,441
545
338
198
350
344
337
919
217
1,084
2,100
33.2
44.6
114
585
218
609
315
426
1,479
690
1,103
801
911
648
349
505
539
538
921
170
1,030
127
1,754
711
360
289
387
339
366
1,185
310
1,097
2,239
Defence expenditure per capita (US dollars)
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
Croatia
Czechia
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Türkiye
United Kingdom
United States
NATO Europe and Canada
NATO Total
418
991
423
970
433
983
457
967
474
990
489
1,059
509
1,073
521
1,113
538
1,088
579
1,108
669
1,210
Notes: Figures for 2023 and 2024 are estimates. The NATO Europe and Canada and NATO Total aggregates from 2017 onwards include Montenegro, which became an Ally on 5 June 2017, from 2020 onwards include North Macedonia, which
became an Ally on 27 March 2020, from 2023 onwards include Finland, which became an Ally on 4 April 2023 and from 2024 onwards include Sweden, which became an Ally on 7 March 2024.
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 FOU, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 191: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-2024)
2882806_0013.png
Table 7 : Military personnel
Thousands
2014
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
Croatia
Czechia
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Türkiye
United Kingdom
United States
2015
6.2
29.7
24.9
70.3
15.1
21.5
17.2
6.0
31.0
204.8
177.2
104.4
17.4
178.4
4.8
11.8
0.8
1.7
40.6
6.8
20.9
98.9
28.3
64.5
12.4
6.6
121.6
15.0
384.8
141.4
1,314.1
1,811
3,125
2016
5.8
28.8
24.7
70.5
14.8
22.7
17.3
6.1
31.3
208.1
177.9
106.0
17.9
176.3
5.2
11.8
0.8
1.5
40.0
6.6
20.5
101.6
29.8
63.4
12.2
6.5
121.0
15.0
359.3
139.5
1,301.4
1,788
3,090
2017
6.8
27.8
24.3
68.2
14.8
23.8
16.7
6.0
31.0
208.2
179.8
106.9
18.7
174.6
5.5
13.5
0.8
1.5
39.5
6.3
20.2
105.3
27.8
64.0
12.2
6.3
117.7
15.9
416.7
149.4
1,305.9
1,857
3,163
2018
6.8
26.5
24.4
70.3
15.0
24.7
17.2
6.2
31.8
208.2
181.5
109.2
19.9
174.1
5.9
14.3
0.9
1.5
39.3
6.5
20.2
109.5
26.9
64.0
12.2
6.2
117.4
17.8
444.3
146.6
1,317.4
1,893
3,210
2019
6.8
23.3
24.6
71.8
14.8
25.3
16.3
6.3
31.1
207.8
183.8
102.5
18.9
176.4
6.0
14.9
0.9
1.5
39.7
6.4
19.2
113.1
23.8
64.5
12.7
6.0
117.0
19.1
441.8
144.0
1,329.2
1,884
3,213
2020
6.7
22.8
25.0
70.3
14.7
26.1
16.9
6.7
31.3
207.6
183.9
106.6
19.8
173.4
6.4
15.1
0.8
1.9
40.4
6.4
20.6
116.2
23.7
66.4
13.1
6.0
118.7
20.1
433.0
147.3
1,346.7
1,897
3,243
2021
6.6
22.1
25.7
68.2
14.9
26.4
16.9
6.6
31.1
207.6
183.9
108.1
20.0
170.3
6.5
15.2
0.9
1.6
40.9
6.1
23.1
166.8
25.3
68.6
13.1
6.0
118.7
21.1
450.0
148.2
1,349.0
1,968
3,317
2022
6.6
21.4
25.6
67.4
14.4
26.6
16.7
6.3
30.5
207.1
183.2
107.3
19.7
170.0
6.4
15.7
0.9
1.6
40.6
5.9
23.5
176.0
22.5
66.7
13.2
5.8
117.3
20.9
455.9
143.6
1,317.0
1,968
3,285
2023e
6.6
21.4
25.6
66.8
14.0
27.3
17.3
7.3
31.0
205.3
181.7
111.0
20.1
170.7
6.7
17.9
0.9
1.7
41.1
5.7
24.0
206.5
22.4
64.0
13.0
5.8
116.3
21.5
463.7
138.1
1,286.0
2,034
3,320
2024e
7.0
21.3
26.9
77.1
13.7
29.5
17.3
7.5
30.8
204.7
185.6
110.8
20.9
171.4
8.4
18.5
0.9
1.6
41.9
6.1
24.3
216.1
28.4
66.6
15.6
5.9
117.4
23.1
481.0
138.1
1,300.2
2,118
3,418.6
6.7
30.5
27.5
65.9
15.4
20.2
16.9
6.3
32.5
207.0
178.8
107.3
17.5
183.5
4.6
8.6
0.8
1.9
41.2
6.5
21.0
99.0
30.7
65.1
12.4
6.8
121.8
14.7
426.6
168.7
1,338.2
1,891
3,229
NATO Europe and Canada
NATO Total
Notes: Figures for 2023 and 2024 are estimates. The NATO Europe and Canada and NATO Total aggregates from 2017 onwards include Montenegro, which became an Ally on 5 June 2017, from 2020 onwards include North
Macedonia, which became an Ally on 27 March 2020, from 2023 onwards include Finland, which became an Ally on 4 April 2023 and from 2024 onwards include Sweden, which became an Ally on 7 March 2024.
-13-
 FOU, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 191: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-2024)
2882806_0014.png
Table 8a : Distribution of defence expenditure by main category
Percentage of total defence expenditure
2014
Equipment (a)
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
Croatia
Czechia
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Türkiye
United Kingdom
United States
16.65
3.52
1.03
13.03
5.56
6.53
10.99
22.15
13.68
24.64
12.94
8.17
7.76
10.92
7.55
14.06
22.61
7.46
10.68
5.92
20.42
18.84
8.43
15.77
11.12
0.66
13.49
40.47
25.08
22.82
25.97
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023e
2024e
8.92
3.44
3.47
10.47
8.01
11.75
11.50
12.82
14.15
25.04
11.93
10.40
9.75
9.72
13.60
21.55
33.33
5.43
11.16
11.13
21.83
33.20
8.70
19.65
18.28
1.85
14.82
38.08
25.13
21.75
25.41
8.01
4.72
9.15
10.61
7.51
6.70
13.68
17.86
14.04
24.44
12.21
13.45
13.37
19.09
19.05
30.06
30.07
4.46
14.14
8.37
23.37
21.62
9.95
20.43
15.32
1.02
6.65
34.62
25.55
21.24
25.05
6.96
6.52
8.10
10.70
5.69
11.55
10.39
19.22
13.35
24.17
11.77
11.28
18.54
20.68
15.01
31.61
42.06
4.97
14.75
6.47
24.63
22.04
11.42
33.34
17.74
4.04
20.39
21.65
30.30
22.29
25.73
9.42
10.15
9.65
11.94
3.37
11.16
11.66
16.51
13.56
23.66
12.36
11.03
12.63
19.13
31.85
36.98
45.18
11.14
16.39
11.09
25.60
27.51
15.48
33.47
22.27
5.98
21.83
22.40
37.64
22.25
27.06
14.61
11.06
59.74
13.84
6.55
16.44
16.21
15.50
21.14
24.53
14.69
11.55
36.46
17.00
21.65
37.57
49.71
14.96
20.34
13.82
28.76
23.36
16.61
25.59
40.07
7.11
21.02
22.95
34.32
22.85
29.06
15.00
13.88
8.44
14.67
9.06
17.31
17.65
23.00
21.63
26.62
17.45
10.70
45.57
18.56
20.53
33.71
50.15
20.96
22.13
11.53
28.41
29.31
17.36
23.12
31.84
5.69
19.43
23.79
30.73
23.83
29.69
15.12
19.47
11.05
12.07
30.01
20.47
17.19
23.18
19.88
27.85
16.69
37.24
36.40
23.23
22.07
22.32
39.58
20.54
23.85
21.77
29.19
33.89
12.46
21.57
32.34
14.56
22.47
20.22
29.31
29.50
28.70
17.05
20.36
15.70
11.33
31.19
24.66
18.72
21.86
33.54
28.64
17.23
42.29
47.58
22.77
24.65
36.62
45.10
22.85
14.78
24.13
28.39
32.42
16.09
25.51
36.54
22.38
20.89
21.13
28.43
31.42
27.85
25.19
20.22
28.27
14.75
23.91
23.04
12.61
16.72
42.54
29.14
18.04
25.15
39.22
21.98
31.57
28.66
56.40
24.00
23.90
34.19
29.29
44.73
19.45
21.75
26.08
23.84
27.39
29.05
29.79
32.80
28.75
47.74
15.16
31.89
18.60
24.20
37.86
29.80
33.74
45.75
28.36
28.75
36.07
47.81
22.08
36.92
21.17
43.68
35.76
36.20
29.33
29.99
51.13
21.88
30.85
27.24
27.27
30.30
33.99
34.18
36.09
29.88
Personnel (b)
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
Croatia
Czechia
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Türkiye
United Kingdom
United States
68.05
77.84
72.84
50.90
76.55
61.40
51.27
38.62
40.24
48.59
50.67
77.18
49.77
76.41
52.97
57.53
49.31
78.53
56.50
72.49
40.64
51.45
81.27
71.15
69.14
82.31
67.34
34.10
56.88
36.59
35.45
78.15
78.23
73.66
53.76
72.28
55.25
52.01
39.56
37.88
47.79
49.86
72.05
48.21
77.55
50.06
48.49
42.77
78.03
55.51
70.95
39.96
41.96
81.90
63.30
56.24
82.23
65.18
29.92
56.82
36.80
36.64
68.05
76.80
65.64
53.11
75.40
61.95
49.51
38.70
38.86
47.94
48.35
73.13
49.66
70.79
43.87
45.50
45.56
75.32
51.77
71.26
38.60
47.15
81.38
65.01
58.72
76.03
72.61
32.12
57.60
35.27
45.01
68.20
75.20
68.33
57.37
71.72
56.11
47.01
34.89
40.52
47.98
48.96
76.56
37.13
67.58
38.59
40.79
34.40
80.87
52.19
75.25
37.08
50.04
80.19
54.67
58.21
75.04
61.64
29.51
51.02
34.54
41.53
70.70
70.69
62.99
51.02
76.96
54.57
49.88
33.83
38.95
46.90
47.99
78.76
42.33
68.16
34.32
37.47
33.42
73.50
51.16
71.53
36.43
46.14
74.75
54.48
54.74
72.38
59.64
28.17
45.18
33.75
39.74
62.89
68.38
29.42
49.54
73.71
51.82
48.25
34.18
34.47
45.59
45.26
77.08
35.37
70.21
33.53
40.02
30.76
71.39
49.27
61.93
34.78
46.91
70.51
57.90
40.81
69.07
61.86
29.99
48.38
34.07
38.72
64.41
63.58
63.79
49.23
76.15
49.72
46.07
32.67
33.84
44.01
42.22
74.58
27.18
67.52
37.15
41.33
30.13
64.66
48.49
63.33
34.51
44.71
71.15
59.20
42.34
72.75
62.54
30.75
50.64
33.80
38.47
63.57
56.79
65.59
49.92
56.71
44.70
48.31
33.61
35.09
42.99
42.28
53.78
38.74
63.73
37.24
42.58
34.58
59.90
47.86
51.03
34.15
43.55
63.09
57.79
46.61
61.99
58.70
22.66
47.88
31.49
28.34
60.05
49.89
57.80
48.44
55.38
42.85
40.88
29.41
28.64
42.33
39.26
45.92
31.42
63.67
36.53
33.21
28.78
61.12
47.04
42.80
34.22
42.72
61.81
55.03
42.77
53.77
52.70
21.48
45.27
29.74
29.25
39.53
49.92
53.38
47.36
56.83
42.86
29.58
24.31
23.76
41.74
35.77
61.23
25.00
62.35
32.31
32.05
21.89
58.40
38.39
47.72
33.97
31.92
63.61
59.68
41.81
49.98
49.30
19.34
44.20
29.98
26.96
36.58
50.17
51.59
43.50
57.85
28.78
26.47
21.71
20.56
38.63
29.58
55.92
23.83
59.36
32.49
35.51
21.45
39.62
38.04
43.88
32.45
29.52
58.63
43.25
39.14
47.48
43.90
15.76
43.56
28.23
25.22
Notes: Figures for 2023 and 2024 are estimates.
(a) Equipment expenditure includes major equipment expenditure and R&D devoted to major equipment.
(b) Personnel expenditure includes military and civilian expenditure and pensions.
-14-
 FOU, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 191: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-2024)
2882806_0015.png
Table 8b : Distribution of defence expenditure by main category
Percentage of total defence expenditure
2014
Infrastructure (c)
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
Croatia
Czechia
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Türkiye
United Kingdom
United States
0.86
1.81
0.63
3.81
1.24
2.34
0.97
8.20
0.00
2.33
3.75
1.10
1.07
1.40
8.89
2.17
10.26
0.96
4.77
1.24
5.71
5.47
0.11
1.09
0.57
0.65
0.66
0.47
2.77
1.95
1.71
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023e
2024e
1.40
0.93
1.27
3.63
1.98
3.32
1.09
8.45
0.00
2.80
3.60
0.65
1.21
1.30
6.64
2.16
7.79
2.47
3.19
1.67
5.30
4.74
0.25
1.27
1.99
0.61
0.97
0.46
2.56
1.63
1.45
1.37
0.96
0.63
3.03
1.26
3.91
2.16
12.15
0.00
2.70
3.39
0.58
1.13
0.70
12.83
3.59
6.64
2.41
3.90
1.28
6.56
4.62
0.06
2.77
3.75
1.14
0.97
0.47
2.42
1.87
1.22
0.92
1.05
0.83
2.98
3.59
3.99
1.95
11.27
0.00
2.88
4.06
0.79
1.31
0.94
15.02
3.92
4.64
0.88
3.02
1.01
6.93
4.21
0.03
2.09
2.97
0.45
0.68
0.45
2.95
2.25
1.23
1.09
1.43
2.62
3.58
1.00
5.31
1.49
8.52
0.00
3.51
4.15
0.62
1.68
1.29
6.45
2.24
5.05
1.86
3.46
0.95
6.67
3.45
0.05
1.54
2.00
1.40
0.64
0.43
2.53
2.99
1.17
1.64
1.19
1.09
2.72
1.41
5.27
1.85
6.13
0.29
3.13
3.99
0.20
2.64
0.67
10.30
2.40
3.16
1.48
3.26
3.89
5.87
4.78
0.11
3.53
1.17
0.57
0.98
0.38
2.26
2.11
1.38
1.39
1.00
7.71
3.07
1.53
7.41
1.84
6.65
0.37
2.88
3.78
0.18
1.41
0.97
11.85
1.25
3.42
1.33
3.14
2.78
6.55
4.31
0.08
4.29
5.21
1.10
1.07
0.36
2.22
1.72
1.33
3.61
0.82
4.93
3.22
0.55
6.24
4.08
5.55
0.63
3.04
3.74
0.26
9.16
1.48
5.28
2.47
7.28
5.26
2.99
3.09
6.45
3.71
4.48
7.06
1.46
1.31
1.08
0.29
7.49
1.72
1.27
5.12
2.67
6.96
2.64
0.71
4.32
3.07
8.02
0.52
3.01
3.54
0.26
2.23
1.95
4.31
4.54
4.96
0.49
3.32
3.09
5.64
4.12
2.11
4.19
2.60
1.92
0.76
0.23
7.63
2.88
1.32
19.24
3.58
2.02
2.71
4.19
6.37
2.64
10.65
0.33
3.60
3.35
0.59
4.19
2.13
6.85
9.77
13.88
5.16
2.84
1.64
5.17
4.41
2.48
4.49
3.48
6.70
1.46
0.35
9.48
2.94
1.49
5.23
3.89
4.58
3.37
2.22
7.27
2.29
9.49
0.35
3.64
3.18
0.33
4.63
2.97
5.21
11.29
10.70
9.28
3.89
3.81
7.64
4.54
3.89
10.95
5.85
4.84
2.65
0.31
9.35
3.94
1.74
Other (d)
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
Croatia
Czechia
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Türkiye
United Kingdom
United States
14.44
16.83
25.51
32.26
16.65
29.73
36.78
31.03
46.08
24.43
32.63
13.55
41.40
11.27
30.59
26.24
17.82
13.06
28.05
20.34
33.24
24.24
10.19
11.98
19.16
16.38
18.50
24.97
15.27
38.63
36.87
11.53
17.40
21.60
32.14
17.73
29.67
35.40
39.18
47.96
24.37
34.61
16.90
40.83
11.42
29.69
27.79
16.11
14.07
30.14
16.25
32.90
20.11
9.15
15.78
23.49
15.31
19.03
31.53
15.49
39.82
36.51
22.57
17.52
24.57
33.25
15.83
27.45
34.65
31.30
47.10
24.92
36.05
12.84
35.84
9.42
24.25
20.85
17.73
17.80
30.20
19.09
31.46
26.61
8.61
11.79
22.22
21.80
19.78
32.79
14.43
41.62
28.73
23.92
17.23
22.74
28.95
18.99
28.35
40.66
34.62
46.13
24.97
35.20
11.37
43.01
10.80
31.38
23.67
18.90
13.27
30.04
17.26
31.36
23.71
8.35
9.90
21.08
20.47
17.28
48.40
15.73
40.92
31.52
18.79
17.72
24.74
33.46
18.67
28.95
36.97
41.14
47.49
25.92
35.49
9.60
43.36
11.43
27.38
23.30
16.35
13.50
28.99
16.43
31.30
22.89
9.72
10.51
20.99
20.24
17.89
49.00
14.65
41.01
32.03
20.86
19.36
9.74
33.90
18.33
26.47
33.69
44.20
44.10
26.74
36.06
11.17
25.53
12.11
34.51
20.01
16.37
12.16
27.13
20.36
30.59
24.95
12.77
12.99
17.95
23.25
16.14
46.67
15.04
40.97
30.84
19.20
21.54
20.05
33.04
13.27
25.56
34.44
37.68
44.16
26.49
36.55
14.55
25.84
12.95
30.46
23.71
16.30
13.06
26.24
22.37
30.53
21.67
11.41
13.38
20.60
20.46
16.96
45.09
16.41
40.65
30.51
17.70
22.92
18.43
34.79
12.73
28.58
30.42
37.65
44.40
26.12
37.29
8.72
15.70
11.56
35.42
32.63
18.57
14.30
25.29
24.10
30.21
18.85
19.97
13.58
19.59
22.14
17.76
56.83
15.32
37.29
41.69
17.78
27.08
19.54
37.60
12.72
28.17
37.33
40.71
37.30
26.02
39.96
11.53
18.76
11.61
34.51
25.63
21.15
15.53
34.85
29.98
31.75
20.74
19.99
15.26
18.09
21.94
25.65
57.15
18.67
35.96
41.58
16.03
26.27
16.33
35.19
15.06
27.73
55.17
48.32
33.37
25.52
42.84
13.03
31.59
13.55
29.27
29.51
7.84
12.44
34.87
16.45
31.57
18.94
14.46
14.08
28.63
19.48
21.85
51.26
16.53
34.28
42.81
10.45
30.78
11.94
34.53
15.72
26.09
41.45
35.06
33.34
29.38
38.49
7.68
23.74
15.59
25.37
32.02
24.17
15.34
21.87
22.98
29.92
14.81
15.61
14.95
27.77
20.41
23.14
49.95
12.91
31.74
43.16
Notes: Figures for 2023 and 2024 are estimates.
(c) Infrastructure expenditure includes NATO common infrastructure and national military construction.
(d) Other expenditure includes operations and maintenance expenditure, other R&D expenditure and expenditure not allocated among above-mentioned categories.
-15-
 FOU, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 191: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-2024)
NATO defence expenditure
NATO defines defence expenditure as payments
made by a national government specifically to
meet the needs of its armed forces, those of
Allies or of the Alliance. A major component of
defence expenditure is payments for Armed
Forces financed from within the Ministry of
Defence (MoD) budget. Armed Forces include
Land, Maritime and Air forces as well as Joint
formations such as Administration and
Command, Special Operations Forces, Medical
Service, Logistic Command, Space Command,
Cyber Command, etc. They might also include
"Other Forces" like Ministry of Interior troops,
national police forces, gendarmerie, carabinieri,
coast guards etc. In such cases, expenditure is
included only in proportion to the forces that are
trained in military tactics, are equipped as a
military force, can operate under direct military
authority in deployed operations, and can,
realistically, be deployed outside national territory
in support of a military force. Also, expenditure
on Other Forces financed through the budgets
of ministries other than MoD is included in
defence expenditure.
Pension payments made directly by the
government to retired military and civilian
employees of military departments is included
regardless of whether these payments are made
from the budget of the MoD or other ministries.
Expenditure for peacekeeping and humanitarian
operations (paid by MoD or other ministries),
the destruction of weapons, equipment and
ammunition, contributions to eligible NATO-
managed trust funds, and the costs associated
with inspection and control of equipment
destruction are included in defence expenditure.
Research and development (R&D) costs are
included in defence expenditure. R&D costs also
include expenditure for those projects that do
not successfully lead to production of equipment.
Expenditure for the military component of
mixed civilian-military activities is included, but
only when the military component can be
specifically accounted for or estimated.
Expenditure on NATO common infrastructure
is included in the total defence expenditure of
each Ally only to the extent of that nation's net
contribution.
War damage payments and spending on civil
defence are both excluded from the NATO
definition of defence expenditure.
NATO uses United States dollars (USD) as the
common currency denominator. The exchange
rate applied to each Ally is the average annual
rate published by the International Monetary
Fund (IMF).
Note to readers:
Iceland has no armed forces. For nations of the
Euro zone and Montenegro, monetary values in
national currency are expressed in Euros for all
years. Latvia adopted the Euro from, Lithuania
from 2015, and Croatia from 2023. Montenegro
joined the Alliance in 2017, North Macedonia in
2020, Finland in 2023 and Sweden in 2024.
To avoid any ambiguity, the fiscal year has been
designated by the year which includes the highest
number of months: e.g. 2023 represents the fiscal
year 2023/2024 for Canada and United
Kingdom, and the fiscal year 2022/2023 for the
United States. Because of rounding, the total
figures may differ from the sum of their
components.
Conventional signs:
e
-
..
|
.
estimated
nil
not available
break in continuity of series
decimal point
-
16
-
 FOU, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 191: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-2024)
Nomenclature of NATO defence expenditure:
1
1.1
1.1.1
1.1.2
1.1.3
1.2
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.3
1.3.1
1.3.2
1.4
1.4.1
1.4.2
1.4.3
1.4.4
1.4.5
1.4.6
2
2.1
2.1.1
2.1.2
2.1.3
2.1.4
2.1.5
2.1.6
2.1.7
2.1.8
2.1.9
2.1.10
2.1.11
2.2
2.3
2.3.1
2.3.2
2.3.3
2.3.4
3
3.1
3.2
4
5
6
7
Operating costs
Military personnel
Pay and allowances
Employer's contributions to retirement funds
Other
Civilian personnel
Pay and allowances
Employer's contributions to retirement funds
Pensions
Paid to military retirees
Paid to civilian retirees
Operations and maintenance
Ammunition and explosives (excluding nuclear)
Petroleum products
Spare parts
Other equipment and supplies
Rents
Other operations and maintenance
Procurement and construction
Major equipment
Missile systems
Missiles (conventional weapons)
Nuclear weapons
Aircraft
Artillery
Combat vehicles
Engineering equipment
Weapons and small arms
Transport vehicles
Ships and harbour craft
Electronic and communications equipment
National military construction
NATO
common infrastructure
Expenditure as host nation
Payments to other nations
Receipts from other nations
Land and utilities
Research and development
Devoted to major equipment
Other
Other expenditure
Total
Statistical discrepancy
Adjusted total
Main categories of defence expenditure:
-
Equipment (Table 8a)
–
lines 2.1 + 3.1
-
Personnel (Table 8a)
–
lines 1.1 + 1.2 + 1.3
-
Infrastructure (Table 8b)
–
lines 2.2 + 2.3
-
Other (Table 8b)
–
lines 1.4 + 3.2 + 4
-
17
-