ERU, Alm.del - 2023-24 - Bilag 218: "Ahead of the Tide – Maersks europæiske policy vision for 2024-2029, fra Maersk

Erhvervsudvalget 2023-24
ERU Alm.del Bilag 218
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Maersk’s European

Policy Vision

for 2024-2029

Ahead of the Tide:

Maersk’s European Policy Vision for 2024-2029

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Introduction

In Europe, we have over the past five years, witnessed substantial

advancements, catalysed by effective crisis management and the

adoption of forward-thinking green regulations.

Maersk very much welcomes this leadership. We cannot become

complacent but have to build on the past years. This year, the coming

European Elections and the appointment of a new European Commission

bring a new crew onboard the European ship, setting the course for the

next five years. This pivotal moment marks a time of renewal and fresh

perspectives within the European Union's governing bodies. It represents

a critical juncture at which a steady hand is needed to enforce adopted

measures, but bold ideas and innovative solutions should also be brought

to the forefront of the EU's agenda.

In this period of change and opportunity, Maersk remains committed to

excellence, innovation, and leadership. We have successfully initiated the

green transition within shipping and logistics, yet there remains a critical

need for regulatory frameworks that facilitate the shift from fossil to

green energy and ensure equitable global trade.

We trust you will find our policy visions for the next five years both

insightful and forward-thinking. Happy reading!

Table of contents

Climate Action: Staying the course

Fuelling the green transition

Enhancing Ecosystem Health: Strategies for

Circular Practices and Sustainable Ship Recycling

Landside transportation’s path to energy transition

Employment opportunities and seafarers’ rights

Enhancing Supply Chain Security Amid Global Conflicts

Safeguarding European Competitiveness through partnerships

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1. Climate Action:

Staying the course

The European Union has over the past five years been a regulatory trailblazer when it comes to

decarbonisation. The Fit for 55 package and the 2040 climate target have charted a clear path to bringing

supply chain emissions to zero.

In 2023, Maersk made significant strides towards its climate goals set in 2022, aiming for net zero emissions

by 2040 across its operations and customer solutions. A key highlight of the year was the introduction of the

Laura Maersk, the first container ship powered by a dual fuel engine capable of utilising green methanol

which her Godmother, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, christened in September. This

vessel not only signifies the beginning of Maersk's transition to a fleet of green ships but also underscores

the industry's shift towards sustainable solutions.

Maersk's efforts extended beyond its maritime operations, encompassing its entire value chain. Initiatives

included terminal electrification, the adoption of electric vehicles for logistics, and the development of low-

emission warehouses. Furthermore, Maersk distinguished itself by being the first in the industry to have its

2030 and 2040 climate targets validated by the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi), ensuring alignment

with a 1.5°C and net zero pathway.

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Deregulation

≠

lowering ambitions

With European companies such as

Maersk making substantial

investments in the green transition, a

lowering of Europe’s climate ambitions

would be extremely detrimental.

Commercially speaking any regulatory

U-turn on European Union's Emissions

Trading System (ETS), FuelEU Maritime

or AFIR would undermine willingness

to invest and accelerate energy

transition.

Maersk welcomes the EU’s strides to

simplify and render more accessible EU funding, but simplification and deregulation should not be

confused with lowering climate ambitions. Maersk is genuinely concerned with some of the signals

from leading Member States, which have already led to lowering the ambition of the energy transition

in for example heavy-duty vehicle policy, where we view direct electrification as the only viable

pathway.

Enforcement and strengthening of the EU Fit for 55 rules

Maersk supports the EU’s Fit for 55 framework and is preparing for the concrete implementation of the

rules. This requires substantial work. It is important that such rules do not become mere compliance

exercises, but are used as tools to reduce our greenhouse gas (GHG) footprint. The coming years will

certainly uncover a number of practical challenges and alignment requirements between several pieces of

EU legislation (not least ETS for shipping and FuelEU Maritime), but Maersk is confident that these can be

overcome and addressed upon revision in 2026.

New fuels require new methods of assessment

Maritime fuels are at the heart of global shipping operations and play a crucial role in the decarbonisation

of the maritime industry. The inclusion of shipping into the ETS puts a price on greenhouse gas emissions

from the combustion of fuels. Maersk sees this as a step in the right direction. The ETS also rewards the use

of fuels that meet sustainability requirements with a zero-rating of the CO

emissions.

However, the current binary approach means that there is a lack of incentive to fully embrace the uptake of

renewable and low-carbon fuels across maritime operations as the price only reflects emissions from

combustion of fuels and excludes emissions from production or transportation of the fuels. The current

method also means that fuels with no emissions from combustion, such as ammonia, are currently exempt

from ETS contributions, even if the production of these fuels can result in considerable GHG emissions. This

issue can and should be solved by incorporating Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs) for maritime fuels into the

ETS as part of the 2026 review.

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By integrating LCAs into the ETS, financial incentives would be aligned with environmental objectives,

significantly reducing emissions while maintaining the strength and efficiency of the maritime industry.

Moreover, it would send a message to fuel producers that the market demands sustainable solutions. This

would also eliminate administrative burdens and reduce complexity by aligning the ETS and the FuelEU

Maritime Regulation. FuelEU Maritime indeed adopted an LCA approach from its outset, a direction Maersk

firmly supports as the most appropriate path moving forward.

Moreover, the 2026 ETS review should also integrate all relevant greenhouse gases into the ETS, as it today

only focuses on CO

. This will future proof green fuel choices and is crucial to ensure the transition does not

inadvertently shift from one greenhouse gas to more potent ones, such as methane or nitrous oxide.

Using the Renewable Energy Directive as a lever for production of green marine fuels

The Dutch market mechanism scheme, known as the "HBE system," is a successful and pioneering approach

for EU Member States to align with the Renewable Energy Directive (RED) goals. The system champions the

adoption of sustainable and certified biofuels across all transport modes, including maritime, and is set to

embrace the enhanced objectives of RED III under the FitFor55 initiative.

The emphasis on sustainable and certified marine biofuel uptake, led by the Netherlands, is crucial for the

shipping industry. The Dutch HBE system has confirmed Rotterdam as a European green bunkering hub and

achieved significant GHG emissions reductions, with some analysts claiming that over 77% of the GHG

savings of the maritime industry is attributable to the system. Maersk encourages the EU to consider the

HBE system

(and any future versions hereof) as

a blueprint for applying the RED effectively, fostering

substantial GHG reductions and advancing the decarbonisation of shipping.

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Charging ahead: How ETS inclusion could electrify container

terminal transformation

Container terminals are crucial parts of global supply chains, making

them integral to decarbonising supply chains. By targeting these hubs

of activity, we can amplify the impact of emissions reduction efforts

across entire supply chains, fostering a more sustainable logistics

ecosystem. Additionally, their proximity to populated areas make their

decarbonisation integral to improving local air quality for the people of

Europe.

Today, there is insufficient external incentive to reduce emissions from

container ports. This problem could be solved by including container

ports in the European Union's ETS as part of the 2026 review.

Adding a cost for carbon emissions would make it financially attractive to invest in cleaner equipment,

sparking innovation and leading to more sustainable operations.

Including container terminals in the ETS by 2026 could align financial benefits with environmental goals,

helping to greatly reduce emissions while keeping the maritime industry strong and efficient. It also sends a

clear signal to equipment suppliers that green solutions are needed. This step would help make

competitiveness and sustainability go hand in hand in the container terminal sector.

An end-date for fossil fuel-only newbuilds

Today, most ships calling European ports use fossil fuels. Ships have

a long lifetime, with many vessels sailing the seas for 25-30 years.

Therefore, changes to the composition of the fleet serving European

ports require time and investments in new green fuels and the green

vessels that can use them.

Currently nearly 60% of the new container ship capacity on order

for delivery before 2030 is designed to use green fuels. Over the

past four years, there has been a considerable increase in the

number of green vessels on order, enabling the fleet to gradually

become greener.

However, this also means a substantial amount of the vessels being delivered before 2030 remain fossil

fuel-only vessels and will sail the seas 25-30 years from now. Therefore, we propose setting an end-date

for building new vessels that can only use fossil fuels.

While such an end-date should ideally be global in nature, Europe could introduce a regional version. This

measure should target vessels built after a certain date that can only use fossil fuels and ban these from

calling European ports. This will help shipowners and energy providers make investments in new ships and

fuel supply infrastructure to accelerate the energy transition.

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International leadership: we are only at 20% of the journey

While Fit for 55 sets a groundbreaking precedent, it only partially addresses the shipping industry's

decarbonisation needs as only 20% of global shipping calls the EU. It is therefore paramount that the

European momentum is carried forward at the International Maritime Organization (IMO).

Here, the European Commission and EU Member States must take the lead in securing the adoption of

ambitious and impactful mid-term measures including a global GHG pricing mechanism entering into force

by 2027 and an end-date for the production of fossil fuelled vessels.

Maersk, along with industry peers in the World Shipping Council, has proposed a Green Balance Mechanism

(GBM) a market-based mechanism to bridge the gap between green and fossil fuels and deliver on the IMO’s

targets for decarbonisation. Based on a Well-To-Wake analysis it proportionally rewards the use of truly

green fuels and penalises fossil fuels closing the price gap from the outset, without major inflationary

disruptions. Additionally, the GBM establishes a framework for equitable transition, particularly benefiting

developing nations by facilitating their energy transition without disproportionate burdens, thereby

promoting a global leap towards sustainable maritime energy use. We hope that the EU will stand behind

this ambitious proposal.

Maersk Recommendations:

•

Maintain the Fit for 55 level of ambition, enforce and implement.

Add container port terminals to ETS, encouraging cleaner

equipment, innovation and more sustainable operations.

Introduce an end-date for fossil fuel-only newbuilds in Europe.

Support ambitious mid-term measures at IMO including a pricing

mechanism such as the Green Balance Mechanism and a global

end-date to new fossil fuel only vessels.

Revise the EU ETS to secure full alignment with FuelEU Maritime

and accurately price GHG emissions by including all relevant GHGs

and LCAs.

Promote the implementation of RED III as seen in the Netherlands.

•

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2. Fuelling the

green transition

Bridging the price gap

Europe has made significant progress in reducing

the climate footprint of shipping, with the

adoption of legislation that introduces a price on

emissions and requires shipping companies to use

more green fuels. However, the green transition

stalls if the necessary green fuels are

unavailable.

There are two main challenges to scaling up green

fuel production. Firstly, the current output of

green fuels is markedly low, necessitating a

significant increase to meet the needs of newly

commissioned eco-conscious vessels. Secondly,

the cost disparity between fossil fuels and their

green alternatives remains substantial, impeding

the shift towards cleaner energy sources.

Bridging this price gap is crucial to expedite the

maritime industry's green transition, a task that

presents considerable challenges but also

promises substantial rewards, including job

creation, investment opportunities in Europe, and

a more sustainable global trade ecosystem.

As part of the Fit for 55 package, the European Union has included shipping in the ETS from 2024, however

this does not lead to a reduction in the price of the greener alternatives. However, the introduction of a

financial mechanism could mitigate this disparity by drawing inspiration from the ETS's existing provisions

for Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF).

The mechanism uses allowances to cover part of the cost difference between conventional aviation fuels

and SAF. This encourages airlines to use greener fuels by reducing the price difference between fossil and

green fuels. The mechanism is designed so that the greenest fuels receive the largest offset of the cost and

a similar design could increase the uptake of green fuels in shipping. As part of the inclusion of shipping in

the ETS, up to 20 million allowances are already reserved for promoting green initiatives in the maritime

transport sector. If these allowances were used to bridge the cost gap between fossil fuels and their green

equivalents, the green fuel production could be kickstarted at scale in and around Europe.

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Navigating the Green CO

Supply Challenge

The usage of green or biogenic CO

has become a key topic and challenge which may not have received

sufficient attention at EU level. While a strong focus has been on carbon capture, little work has been done

on the usage. The production of green methanol, a pivotal component in the maritime industry's transition

is contingent upon the availability and cost-competitiveness of biogenic CO

. This naturally occurring CO

limited in availability. The dispersion of biogenic CO

sources, primarily small and scattered, compounds the

issue with elevated transportation costs, underscoring the necessity for a coherent strategy to ensure a

stable supply at competitive costs.

Alternative solutions have emerged to address the scarcity and logistical hurdles associated with biogenic

including the utilisation of geogenic CO

from cement plants, and innovative technologies like Direct Air

Capture (DAC) and Direct Ocean Capture (DOC). These alternatives, coupled with the concept of a book-and-

claim system, present viable pathways to augment the CO

supply needed for green fuel production. The

book-and-claim mechanism, in particular, offers a novel approach to address physical supply chain

limitations, enabling the certification of CO

emissions reductions across different locations and thereby

facilitating the broader adoption of green methanol.

For the European Union to maintain its trajectory towards clean energy leadership and support the

maritime industry's decarbonisation efforts, a regulatory framework that encourages the diversification of

sources and the adoption of carbon capture and utilisation technologies is imperative.

Enhancing EU Competitiveness through Green Funding Initiatives

As Europe strides towards becoming a global leader in the transition to green fuels, it faces formidable

competition from China's advancements in green technology and the United States' Inflation Reduction Act

(IRA), which simplifies application processes and incentivises the shift of production facilities to the U.S. The

EU, lacking the federal structure and and tax system comparable to these global competitors, faces unique

challenges in fostering an environment conducive to the development and commercialisation of green

fuels. To enhance its competitive edge, the EU must change from a regulatory-centric approach to one that

equally emphasises rewards through strategic funding initiatives.

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The EU's commitment to becoming a green technology frontrunner necessitates a recalibration of its

funding mechanisms to embrace a higher risk appetite, acknowledging that not all projects will reach

fruition. Moreover, the establishment of a one-stop-shop for EU funding is critical to streamline the

application process, making it more accessible for companies in the green fuel sector. Simplifying access to

funding will accelerate the development of green technologies and ensure that Europe remains an

attractive hub for investment and innovation.

Furthermore, the EU should reconsider its funding framework to support the nascent European green fuel

industry. This entails transitioning from "one-off" funding for pilot projects to providing sustained financial

support over the crucial development phases of this emerging industry. Such a strategic shift would

guarantee that funding is not merely a temporary boost but a steady foundation that nurtures the growth

of the green fuel sector, ensuring its competitiveness on the global stage.

Maersk Recommendations:

•

A mechanism to reduce the cost difference between fossil and green

fuels based on the existing rules for SAF allowances used in aviation.

A non-binary regulatory framework in RED, FuelEU Maritime and ETS

that allows the differentiation of CO

origins that reflects different

shades between black and green to minimise uncertainties and

unnecessary complexity in the production of green fuels.

Including a wider range of CCS and CCUS technologies in existing

legislation to further incentivise production and increase the viability

of carbon capture for use in green fuels.

A practical approach to the use and certification of CO

through the

creation of a CO

market or a book-and-claim system between CCS

and CCU.

A one-stop-shop for funding which ensures an easier access

to EU funding.

A revision of the EU’s approach to funding whereby the new

framework ensures that the funding is catered to creating a whole

new European industry of green fuels by securing that the funding is

not “one-off” for innovative projects but longer and accessible over

the period of time.

•

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3. Enhancing Ecosystem Health:

Strategies for Circular Practices

and Sustainable Ship Recycling

Biodiversity and logistics

Addressing the critical issue of biodiversity and the environmental impact of logistics activities should be

on the agenda of the Commission. Work at IMO on the prevention of the accidental loss of containers at

sea, which poses a significant threat to marine biodiversity should be supported. Moreover, responsible

management of plastic pollutants, notably through the enhancement of storage practices for plastic

pellets onboard ships should also be addressed.

Biodiversity remains a challenge for many companies and it is often a question of where to start and what

can be done. The European Union could facilitate such work by securing that biodiversity initiatives are

brought higher on the agenda and best practices are exchanged. This could be done by for example

including biodiversity as a topic in the European Sustainable Shipping Forum.

Ship Recycling Regulation in need of thorough revision

The impending revision of the European Union's

Ship Recycling Regulation (SRR) presents a

much-needed opportunity to address a

framework which has not enhanced the

sustainability and circularity of the maritime

industry. As regulations evolve, they should

serve not only as a framework for compliance

but as a catalyst for innovation and capacity

building in the ship recycling sector.

Maersk is convinced of the need for inclusion of

recycling facilities in non-OECD countries on the

EU's approved list when they follow the

standards established by Europe. This elevates

global recycling practices and fosters a

competitive playing field where excellence in

environmental stewardship is rewarded

irrespective of geography. In the coming years,

the need for safe and environmentally sound

ship recycling is expected to increase

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significantly, also for larger (post-panamax) vessels. This is in part due to European and IMO legislation on

decarbonisation. Having enough recycling capacity (both for volume and size) is imperative to accelerate the

transition to green vessels.

At the global level, the ratification of the International Maritime Organization's Hong Kong Convention

(HKC) on Ship Recycling, which becomes effective in 2025, is welcomed by Maersk. This convention sets the

stage for international collaboration and standardisation in ship recycling practices, although revision to

reflect science and recycling industry advances in sustainable recycling practices is needed. The European

Union will have a key role at IMO to push for an ambitious revision of the HKC.

Maersk champions the recognition of recycled steel from ships as green steel, a move that would significantly

contribute to the circular economy by reducing the environmental footprint associated with new steel

production. Today, there is unfortunately no definition or global standard for green steel. We urge the

European Union to facilitate the development of unified standards for green and sustainable steel, along with

a certification framework that is broadly recognised. This initiative would align environmental and innovative

production benchmarks, making it simpler for sustainable steel to be accepted and utilised globally.

Maersk Recommendations:

•

Embed biodiversity as a key topic in the European Sustainable

Shipping Forum to allow for information sharing and understanding of

this important topic.

•

Approve recycling sites outside the EU when these meet the same

requirements as EU sites. This also creates an incentive for sites

outside the EU to improve standards increasing their ability to recycle

EU flagged vessels and will aid the transition of the maritime industry

towards using greener vessels.

•

Take a leading role in securing a global approach to ship recycling by

revising the HKC.

•

Encourage the recycling of steel to avoid the greenhouse gas

emissions associated with the production of more steel. Starting with

taking the lead globally on standards and definitions of green steel.

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Landside transportation’s

path to energy transition

In road transport, advances in electric vehicle technology have unlocked new possibilities to reduce the

greenhouse gas emissions and improve air quality. However, the shift to electricity is hampered by a

number of barriers.

The transition to electric heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) is key to decarbonise landside transportation. This

shift, however, is hampered by the significant limitations of the grid infrastructure. Maersk is prepared to

invest in electric trucks and charging stations, but faces substantial barriers in integrating these into the

existing grid. For example, in an important market as Germany, connecting to the grid can take up to 12

months. This underscores the urgency of addressing this issue with funding and support for utility

providers. This funding and support should be an enabler for utility providers to invest in grid upgrades

proactively ahead of short term confirmed demand. Grid infrastructure is thus one of the largest risk

factors for decarbonising HDVs in Europe at pace. It is essential to foster an environment that broadly

enables electrification across multiple industries, which will inevitably compete for the same limited grid

capacity.

Moreover, policy measures are needed to secure the phase-out of fossil fuel-powered HDVs. Maersk

advocates for clear policies that either implement a carbon tax or set a definitive deadline for the cessation

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of fossil fuel vehicle production. Such measures not only accelerate the green transition but also provide

the necessary regulatory certainty for companies to make informed investments in green technologies and

drive down cost of the energy transition for the consumers.

The current development of public

charging infrastructure for HDVs faces a

lack of investment in electric trucks,

matched by inadequate charging

networks and vice versa. While the

Alternative Fuels Infrastructure

Regulation (AFIR) is a positive step

towards establishing the required

infrastructure, its implementation

differs between Member States, with

many lagging behind. A robust and

widespread public charging network is

essential for the adoption of electric

HDVs particularly for long-haul road

transportation. For urban and regional

distances grid capability, as described

above, remains the largest risk.

Finally, the focus on electrification of HDVs must be maintained. Alternative fuels must be prioritised for

harder-to-abate sectors like shipping and aviation for all sectors to reach to targets of the Green Deal.

Electrification of trucking is fully achievable and in order to enable the sector to make the right investment

decisions, regulation to push energy transition for HDVs must steer clear of green fuels incentives.

Maersk Recommendations:

•

Funding and collaboration with utility providers to improve grid for

charging across the EU.

•

Policy measures to secure end of fossil fuelled HDVs, for instance a

carbon tax for HDVs or an end date for production of fossil trucks.

•

Stronger enforcement mechanisms to ensure that Member States

meet their obligations in AFIR.

•

Policy measures to prioritise electrification of trucks and keep green

fuels out of scope for HDV regulations.

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5. Employment opportunities

and seafarers’ rights

The European Clean Technology Hub as an employment opportunity

The EU is on the brink of becoming a global leader in clean technology, leveraging the significant

economic potential this sector holds. The economic benefits of this transition are vast, promising not

only to spur GDP growth but also to create a substantial number of jobs and reduce the cost of living.

The 2023 Competitiveness Progress Report by the European Commission underscores the EU's pivotal

role in clean energy research and the high competitiveness of its clean energy technologies, despite

facing challenges such as rising energy and material costs. However, the journey toward becoming a

clean technology hub comes with challenges. The EU faces a growing dependence on imports for

certain technologies, alongside skills shortages and the necessity for ongoing innovation and

investment. The report further indicates that in 2023, nearly 4 in 5 small and medium-sized companies

in the EU face difficulties in finding workers with the right skills, emphasising the need to bridge the

skills gap in the clean energy sector.

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To seize the opportunities presented by the clean technology revolution, the EU must address these

challenges through focused investments in education, research and development, and infrastructure.

Enhancing Seafarers' Welfare and Skills: A Comprehensive EU Strategy for a Sustainable

Maritime Workforce

Enhancing the labour conditions and overall welfare of seafarers necessitates a comprehensive and

inclusive approach, integrating measures that span from improving life onboard for all to facilitating

onboard communication. For Maersk, it is essential to tackle issues like bullying, harassment, and poor

mental health and here existing frameworks and campaigns, such as those developed through the

WESS project, which aim to foster safer and more supportive working environments onboard are a good

starting point. If we cannot secure a safe and inclusive workplace, particularly for our female seafarers,

we will never make this profession sufficiently attractive. Moreover, addressing the skillset evolution

required for the maritime sector's ongoing transformations underscores the need for updated training

and educational initiatives.

Maersk recognises the pivotal role of the social dialogue at EU level for seafarers. Engaging in dialogue

between shipowners, seafarers' organisations, and relevant EU bodies is crucial for addressing the

challenges faced by maritime professionals. This collaborative approach ensures that policies and

practices are not only effective but also equitable, reflecting the diverse needs and voices within the

maritime community.

Finally, the EU must lead internationally for the continuous update of the Maritime Labour Convention

(MLC) to ensure it remains a comprehensive bill of rights for seafarers.

Maersk Recommendations:

•

Encouraging active social dialogue at the EU level to ensure that the

voices of seafarers are heard and considered in policy-making processes.

•

Bullying and harassment on-board must be evaluated and addressed.

•

Sharing best practices for mental health support to enhance

seafarers' well-being.

•

Providing reasonable internet access onboard, aligning with MLC,

2006 mandates, to improve seafarers' quality of life.

•

Updating training programs to align with the industry's green and

digital transitions.

•

Increasing efforts to promote gender diversity and inclusion within the

maritime sector.

•

Keeping the Maritime Labour Convention (MLC) current with global

maritime labour challenges and changes.

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6. Enhancing Supply Chain

Security Amid Global Conflicts

Resilient supply chains and situation in the Red Sea

In today's interconnected world, the increasing dependency on global supply chains renders them more

susceptible to disruptions caused by conflicts and geopolitical tensions. The importance of secure maritime

routes for Europe's supply of goods and energy has been underscored by the war in Ukraine and attacks on

merchant vessels in the Red Sea. These disruptions highlight the critical need for concerted efforts to

ensure the security and reliability of shipping lanes that are vital to the global economy.

The Red Sea's strategic significance as

a major trade route between Asia and

Europe, facilitated through the Suez

Canal, cannot be overstated. However,

the necessity for ships to reroute due

to security threats in this area not only

inflates operational costs and

environmental impact but also places

additional strains on the seafarers, who

face extended periods at sea under

heightened risks.

This situation created a shock to global supply chains, in part due to the absence of readily available vessel

capacity to address this sudden demand. Despite a significant order book, the phased introduction of new

tonnage will only materialise later, exacerbating the capacity constraints in the short term.

Normalisation of the situation in the Red Sea is paramount for Maersk, but in order to be able to send seafarers

through these waters safely it will require a substantially different risk picture than the current one.

Maersk welcomes the US led Operation Prosperity Guardian as well as the EU’s Operation ASPIDES as key

enabler of coordinated protective naval presence in the area. Such operations will likely have to extend over

a significant period of time and demand close international coordination not only between participating

nations but also with the merchant marine sector. Finally, and in parallel, diplomatic work addressing the

root cause of the attacks is also needed.

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Maersk Recommendations:

•

Support for US-led Operation Prosperity Guardian and EU's Operation

ASPIDES as crucial for ensuring naval protection in strategic maritime

areas.

•

Anticipation of long-term engagement with these operations, we see

the necessity for sustained protective presence.

•

Maersk calls for extensive international cooperation among

participating nations and integration with the merchant marine sector

for effective operation.

•

There is also a need for emphasis on diplomatic efforts to address the

underlying causes of regional conflicts and threats to maritime security.

Contraband and drug trafficking

At Maersk, amongst other global logistics companies as well as within law enforcement, we are witnessing

an alarming and steady increase in contraband trafficking all through supply chains. This trend is evidenced

by the rising number of seizures made by authorities. The increase in these seizures can unfortunately not

solely be attributed to stronger and better collaboration between private actors and customs authorities.

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Lower cost of production of drugs, increase in drug consumption not least in Europe and ability to exploit

weaknesses in the supply chains have also been contributing factors.

Maersk is deeply concerned with the growing impunity enabling illegal gangs and drug cartels to

nefariously exploit the global supply chain. This creates an ever-present threat to our employees, our

customers and society at large. Drug Trafficking Organizations (DTOs) are increasingly using bribes,

coercion, and violence as core parts of their operations.

As long as DTOs are allowed to exploit international supply chains, the legal, operational and commercial

elements of security risk will remain constant for Maersk. As an integrator of international trade, the risk to

Maersk follows the entire journey of the container. From the point of loading by the customer to final

delivery to the customer in the supply chain network. As such, the risk posed by drug trafficking, to

employees and daily operation to each entity is significant throughout the cargo’s journey.

Maersk Recommendations:

•

Develop Secure Anonymous Reporting: Collaborate with the WCO to

create tools for sending intelligence to authorities without

traceability.

•

Ensure Employee Safety: Duty of care is crucial; avoid overburdening

specific roles to prevent vulnerability to infiltration.

•

Remote High-Risk Functions: Utilise technology to move sensitive

authority functions from high-risk areas.

•

Advance Container Security Tech: Recognise limitations of current

methods and ensure technology allows for rapid authority response.

•

Conduct Background Checks: Strengthen port security by vetting

personnel to reduce contraband risks.

•

Introduce Whistleblower Tools: Enable anonymous tips to authorities

to help uncover illegal activities.

•

Standardise EU Port Security: Implement EU-wide measures for

consistent port protection against smuggling and other threats.

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Safeguarding

European Competitiveness

through partnerships

Expanding EU trade through FTAs

Increasing geopolitical tensions, protectionist policies, and supply chain disruptions challenge the resilience

and competitiveness of the EU. This has shown the need to enhance the efficiency and resiliency of global

supply chains, calling for closer collaboration between the EU and its partner countries.

Maersk urges the European Commission to expand current and forge new Free-Trade Agreements (FTAs)

with key partners that enable low tariff trade and the promotion of direct investments, developing both

Europe and partner countries in line with the EU’s strategic goals on security and economic matters.

FTAs are catalysts for the creation of trade corridors and therefore, improving trade policies that embrace

the Global South would enhance collaboration with partners of growing importance to the EU. Specifically,

we advocate for expedited conclusion of trade negotiations with India, Mercosur, and Indonesia that aim for

comprehensive coverage including:

•

'Trade in Goods' offering high preference margins for many products while eliminating non-tariff

barriers, particularly on agricultural goods, boosting trade volumes.

•

Measures to decrease tariffs and dismantle technical barriers in the automotive sector, including a push

for the acceptance of UNECE regulations as equivalents to national standards, facilitating smoother

international trade.

•

An appendix on maritime services, designed to guarantee unrestricted and non-discriminatory access to

international maritime markets for both parties.

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Additionally, we propose restarting trade-negotiations with the US, aiming for a more limited agreement

than previously envisaged to both streamline transatlantic trade and bolster economic integration between

EU and the US.

Actively leveraging the EU neighbourhood policy

The EU's Neighbourhood Policy can foster trade, investment, and development by enhancing political,

economic, and social ties that facilitate easier access to EU markets for neighbouring countries.

Strengthening these relations ensures a stable neighbourhood that both benefits EU's neighbours through

economic growth and job creation and contributes to the EU's own security and economic interests.

Maersk encourages more strategic focus and funding to be directed towards Global Gateway and enhancing

the collaboration between the Commission and the private sector, including using Global Gateway to foster

stronger partnerships with neighbouring countries on decarbonisation of supply chains e.g., by investing in

green energy projects in Egypt.

Balancing Act: Navigating China’s impact on the EU transportation and logistics industry

Despite much talk about de-risking, friend- and near-shoring, China is expected to retain its large share of

global exports in part by growing market share in markets in the Global South. While acknowledging the

necessity of addressing trade deficits, Maersk cautions against the indiscriminate use of protectionist

measures.

Limiting access to EU ports of Chinese cranes, as is proposed elsewhere, will not prove particularly effective

and superior alternatives are possible. While the cranes will be built in China, the software controlling the

cranes is developed by EU suppliers, thus separating the steel from the cloud. This does not constitute a

security risk. Likewise, Chinese entities taking minority shares in EU ports, similar to what EU companies do

in China, should not give rise to concerns as long as shares do not lead to veto rights or access to privileged

information.

Maersk Recommendations

•

Expand FTAs: Focus on the US, India, Mercosur, Indonesia and focus on

goods as well as ensure open access to maritime markets.

•

Simplify access to funding and political support under Global Gateway

with an aim to work jointly with partner countries for the

development of green energy and fuels.

•

Focus EU infrastructure investments in a few, strategically selected

geographies that form complete trade corridors such as the Lobito

Corridor and Middle Corridor.

•

Leverage Single Market for growth as a key selling point in FTAs.

•

Enhance the Green Energy Single Market: Address grid infrastructure,

promote cross-border energy flow.

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Maersk’s European Policy Vision for 2024-2029

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