FOU, Alm.del - 2022-23 (2. samling) - Bilag 142: Henvendelse af 19/8-23 fra Bjarne Engelbrecht Larsen, Fredericia om styrelsesbegreb & udvikling af kost Drift operations effektive Seafare platforme

Forsvarsudvalget 2022-23 (2. samling)
FOU Alm.del Bilag 142
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Dept

FCCS Consult

Origin date

11-08-2023

Issue date

11-08-2023

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1019-13-2023 Flemming Lentfer orientering Bilag 1

Seafare supercaviting tech

Breakthrough in air lubrication:

Large ships glide on bubbles.

Liv Bjerg Lillevang 8. november 2022

Large sea-going

vessels such as container and cruise ships can reduce fuel consumption by “gliding on bubbles.”

Illustration: Magnifier/Bigstock.

Air lubrication is a technology that is more than a

hundred years old. Now it faces its commercial

breakthrough.

“With our FluidicAL technology, a series of

wing-shaped bands are fitted across the hull,

dividing it into sections. From there, the air

bubbles are sent out into the individual sections

using a fluidic oscillator. That way, we can

adjust the bubbles

to a given section,” he says.

According to Frode Lundsteen Hansen, this

method of forming the up to 240,000 micro-

bubbles per second per metre has a number of

advantages compared to the technology

installed at the front of the hull.

Bubbles can be generated more efficiently and

be more easily controlled along the bottom of

the hull, and it is possible to cover a more flat-

bottomed ship.

Marine Performance Systems also advertises

fuel savings of between 8 and 12 percent,

depending on the ship.

An increase in the number of orders

Both of the technologies can be installed both

on existing ships and those still in construction.

And there are quite a few ship owners who

choose to do that.

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FOU, Alm.del - 2022-23 (2. samling) - Bilag 142: Henvendelse af 19/8-23 fra Bjarne Engelbrecht Larsen, Fredericia om styrelsesbegreb & udvikling af kost Drift operations effektive Seafare platforme

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supercaviting tech

An example of one of the bands with fluidic oscillators that create about 240,000 micro -bubbles per

second per metre along the ship’s hull. Illustration: Marine Performance Systems.

New Scientist describes how, four years ago,

British shipping analytics firm Clarksons

Research had only registered a few dozen ships

with air lubrication systems.

Today, there are 78 of them, and at least 155

are set to be installed within the next few

years. This trend is also in line with Marine

Performance Systems’s orders.

Since 2020,

they have installed their technology on two

ships. Three more will follow before the end of

the year.

“Next year has a really good pipeline for us. I

can’t put exact numbers on it, but we have a

double-digit

number of orders,” Frode

Lundsteen Hansen says.

Potential for tens of thousands of orders

“The ship owners have already had the

opportunity to invest in technologies such as air

lubrication, but it is only now that they are held

responsible for the ships’ emissions that there

is an interest in investing,”

Frode Lundsteen

Hansen says.

And the current energy prices also help

increase interest, believes his colleague, COO

and co-founder of Marine Performance Systems

Fulko Roos.

“Everyone agrees that the current oil prices are

here to stay. Some believe that they will

increase in the future,” he says.

Therefore, there is enormous potential in the

field of air lubrication, both Fulko Roos and

Frode Lundsteen Hansen believe.

He explains how he and the other co-founders

of Marine Performance Systems threw

And there are tens of thousands of ships on

themselves into the bubble technology back in

which the technology could potentially be

2018, when they saw that the shipping industry

installed.

was having difficulty meeting the emission

reduction requirements.

--------------------- o0o --------------------

Pegasus Solar VAT # DK 3107 7362

v/ Bjarne Engelbrecht Larsen

Kampmannsvej 2, Sanddal, 7000 Fredericia

Mobile +45 4062 6213 •

E-mail:

[email protected]

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FOU, Alm.del - 2022-23 (2. samling) - Bilag 142: Henvendelse af 19/8-23 fra Bjarne Engelbrecht Larsen, Fredericia om styrelsesbegreb & udvikling af kost Drift operations effektive Seafare platforme

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FCCS Consult

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supercaviting tech

The

Norwegian

Joy

is one of

several cruise

ships equipped

with air

lubrication

technology.

Photo by

Imaginechina

Limited/Alamy

Stock Photo

Riding on a Magic Carpet of Bubbles

Chris Baraniuk

November 12, 2020

Water is not as yielding as you think, says

Noah Silberschmidt, founder and CEO of UK-

based Silverstream Technologies.

For more than a century, gigantic steel vessels

have been ploughing the oceans, generating

seemingly unavoidable—and surprisingly

costly—friction between ship and sea. But this

friction can be reduced in an innovative way,

says Silberschmidt, with the help of millions of

tiny bubbles, each just a millimeter across.

With the push to make shipping more efficient,

ship owners are looking for new ways to

reduce fuel consumption and emissions. One

contender is Silverstream

Technology’s

eponymous Silverstream System, a device

installed in a ship’s hull near the bow that

generates a carpet of air bubbles flowing all

the way to the ship’s stern.

The concept underpinning the device—air

lubrication—is not new, but advancing

technology is allowing the company and its

competitors to

retrofit existing ships

with air

lubrication systems, or include them in new

vessel constructions.

Air is less dense than water, which means that

the bubbles reduce the resistance between the

ship and the sea around its hull. It’s a bit like

gliding your hand through a gently bubbling

hot tub versus a still bathtub.

Silberschmidt says that, over time, air

lubrication can reduce fuel consumption by five

to 10 percent. Fuel savings of a few percent

might not sound like much, but Silberschmidt

says shipping firms can spend between US $5-

and $10-million on fuel for a single average-

sized vessel every year.

Cruise lines Norwegian and Carnival have

already installed Silverstream’s devices on

some of their vessels, and more installations

are due to be announced soon, says

Silberschmidt.

You can’t blow bubbles for free,

though. It

requires energy to compress air and position it

so that bubbles flow in a steady stream along

the hull of a large, flat-bottomed vessel.

Silverstream has cut the overall energy

needed, however, by filling air release units—

small cavities built into the underside of the

ship—with

air. The bubbles form because of

the difference in pressure between the air in

these cavities and the seawater below.

A phenomenon called

Kelvin-Helmholtz

instability

occurs as the ship moves, which

means that the air mixes into the water in the

form of little bubbles that then glide rearward

below the ship.

Relying as it does on physics, the bubble

carpet itself is therefore “Mother Nature–

Pegasus Solar VAT # DK 3107 7362

v/ Bjarne Engelbrecht Larsen

Kampmannsvej 2, Sanddal, 7000 Fredericia

Mobile +45 4062 6213 •

E-mail:

[email protected]

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FOU, Alm.del - 2022-23 (2. samling) - Bilag 142: Henvendelse af 19/8-23 fra Bjarne Engelbrecht Larsen, Fredericia om styrelsesbegreb & udvikling af kost Drift operations effektive Seafare platforme

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supercaviting tech

generated” says Silberschmidt. The light,

bubble-rich water is akin to the white foamy

crests topping waves you might see on a windy

day at the beach, he adds.

There are certain conditions that need to be in

place, though, for air lubrication to work, says

Anthony Molland, professor emeritus of

engineering at the University of Southampton

in England. The effect of the carpet may be

negligible in very rough seas, for instance, and

ships have to be traveling quickly to maintain

the flow of bubbles.

“If you simply blow the bubbles out and your

ship’s not going very fast—we’ve done it with

models—the bubbles simply come out the side

and don’t do any work at all,” he explains.

But in those scenarios where the technique

works, reducing emissions even by a little is

worth it, says Silberschmidt:

“In this world,

we have to do whatever we can.”

------------------------ o0o -------------------

Note

–

Bjarne Engelbrecht Larsen

For Detail related to Rayleigh Instability Please

follow the open source course 1-3. Please follow

the link below.

Rayleigh-Taylor Instability - Part 1 - YouTube

Rayleigh-Taylor Instability - Part 2 - YouTube

Rayleigh-Taylor Instability - Part 3 - YouTube

Ønsker man at gå i detaljer vedr. stabilitet, når man

færdes på en overflade med to forskellige massefylder

kan det adresseres med udgangspunkt i vurderinger som

ved Rayleigh-Taylor in stabilitet. Altså et kendt og på

ingen måde et uoverstigeligt problem.

------------------------- o0o ---------------------

US Navy is developing 'supersonic submarines' that could

cut through the ocean at the speed of sound using a bubble

MARK PRIGG FOR DAILYMAIL.COM,

28 June 2016

•

Vessel travels inside a 'bubble' to reduce drag.

•

This allows it to reach supersonic speeds.

•

Technique could also be used to develop superfast swimsuits.

As swimmers know, moving cleanly through the

water can be a problem due o the huge amounts of

drag created - and for submarines, this is even

more of a problem. However, US Navy funded

researchers say they have a simple solution - a

bubble. Researchers at Penn State Applied

Research Laboratory are developing a new system

using a technique called supercavitation.

The new idea is based on Soviet technology

developed during the cold war.

SUPERCAVITATION

The new sub is based on Soviet tech. developed

during the cold war. Called supercavitation, it

envelopes a submerged vessel inside an air bubble

to avoid problems caused by water drag.

A Soviet supercavitation torpedo called

Shakval

was able to reach a speed of 370km/h or more

- much faster than any other conventional

torpedoes.

In theory, a supercavitating vessel could reach the

speed of sound underwater, or about 5,800km/h,

which would reduce the journey time for a

transatlantic underwater cruise to less than an hour,

and for a transpacific journey to about 100 minutes,

according to a report by California Institute of

Technology in 2001.

Figur 1The new sub envelops a submerged vessel inside an air bubble

to avoid problems caused by water drag.

Called supercavitation, it envelopes a submerged

vessel inside an air bubble to avoid problems

caused by water drag.

Pegasus Solar VAT # DK 3107 7362

v/ Bjarne Engelbrecht Larsen

Kampmannsvej 2, Sanddal, 7000 Fredericia

Mobile +45 4062 6213 •

E-mail:

[email protected]

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FOU, Alm.del - 2022-23 (2. samling) - Bilag 142: Henvendelse af 19/8-23 fra Bjarne Engelbrecht Larsen, Fredericia om styrelsesbegreb & udvikling af kost Drift operations effektive Seafare platforme

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supercaviting tech

However, the technique also results in a bumpy

ride - something the new team has solved.

'Basically supercavitation is used to significantly

reduce drag and increase the speed of bodies in

water,' said Grant M. Skidmore, recent Penn State

Ph.D. recipient in aerospace engineering.

'However, sometimes these bodies can get locked

into a pulsating mode.'

To create the bubble around a vehicle, air is

introduced in the front and expands back to encase

the entire object. However, sometimes the bubble

will contract, allowing part of the vehicle to get

wet. The periodic expansion and contraction of the

bubble is known as pulsation and might cause

instability.

Figur 3 In theory, a supercavitating vessel could reach the speed of

sound underwater, or about 5,800km/h.. Pictured, a BAE Systems

artists impression of next generation submarine.

Figur 2Photograph of a second order pulsating supercavity in the

Penn State ARL Garfield Thomas Water Tunnel facility's 12-inch

diameter water tunnel. The circular object is a window mounted

hydrophone.

'Shrinking and expanding is not good,' said

Timothy A. Brungart, senior research associate at

ARL and associate professor of acoustics.

'We looked at the problem on paper first and then

experimentally.' The researchers first explored the

problem analytically, which suggested a solution,

but then verifying with an experiment was not

simple. The ideal outcome for supercavitation is

that the gas bubble forms, encompasses the entire

vehicle and exits behind, dissipating the bubble

without pulsation.

The researchers report the results of their analytic

analysis and experimentation online in the

International journal of Multiphase Flow.

The ARL researchers decided to use the Garfield

Thomas Water Tunnel facility's 12-inch diameter

water tunnel to test their numerical calculations.

'The water tunnel was the easiest way to observe

the experiment,' said Brungart. 'But not the easiest

place to create the pulsation.'

Creating a supercavitation bubble and getting it to

pulsate in order to stop the pulsations inside a

rigid-walled water tunnel tube had not been done.

'Eventually we ramped up the gas really high and

then way down to get pulsation,' said Jules W.

Lindau, senior research associate at ARL and

associate professor of aerospace engineering.

They found that once they had supercavitation with

pulsation, they could moderate the air flow and, in

some cases, stop pulsation.

'Supercavitation technology might eventually allow

high speed underwater supercavitation

transportation,' said Moeney.

China is also developing a'supersonic' submarine

that could travel from Shanghai to San Francisco in

less than two hours.

Researchers say their new craft uses a radical new

technique to create a 'bubble' to surround itself,

cutting down drag dramatically.

In theory, the researchers say, a supercavitating

vessel could reach the speed of sound underwater,

or about 5,800km/h.

The technology was developed by a team of

scientists at Harbin Institute of Technology's

Complex Flow and Heat Transfer Lab.

Li Fengchen, professor of fluid machinery and

engineering, told the

South China Morning

Post

he was 'very excited by its potential'.

The new sub is based on Soviet technology

developed during the cold war.

Called supercavitation, it envelopes a submerged

vessel inside an air bubble to avoid problems

caused by water drag.

Pegasus Solar VAT # DK 3107 7362

v/ Bjarne Engelbrecht Larsen

Kampmannsvej 2, Sanddal, 7000 Fredericia

Mobile +45 4062 6213 •

E-mail:

[email protected]

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FOU, Alm.del - 2022-23 (2. samling) - Bilag 142: Henvendelse af 19/8-23 fra Bjarne Engelbrecht Larsen, Fredericia om styrelsesbegreb & udvikling af kost Drift operations effektive Seafare platforme

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supercaviting tech

A Soviet supercavitation torpedo called Shakval

was able to reach a speed of 370km/h or more -

much faster than any other conventional

torpedoes.

In theory, a supercavitating vessel could reach the

speed of sound underwater, or about 5,800km/h,

which would reduce the journey time for a trans-

atlantic underwater cruise to less than an hour,

and for a transpacific journey to about 100 min.

according to a report by CALTEC in 2001.

The Chinese system constantly 'showers' a special

liquid membrane on its own surface.

Although this membrane would be worn off by

water, in the meantime it could significantly reduce

the water drag on the vessel at low speed.

After its speed had reached 75km/h or more the

vessel would enter the supercavitation state, Li

said.

However, Li admitted problems still needed to be

solved before supersonic submarine travel became

feasible. A powerful underwater rocket engine still

needs to be developed.

The technique could even be used to aid

swimmers, he believes. 'If a swimsuit can create

and hold many tiny bubbles in water, it can

significantly reduce the water drag; swimming in

water could be as effortless as flying in the sky,' he

said

----------------------------- o0o ---------------------------

For Nørder er der mere end 100 papers om emnet herunder og ikke begrænset til

International Journal of Multiphase Flow | Vol 84, Pages 1-324 (September 2016) | ScienceDirect.com by Elsevier

side

155-164.

Vilnius NATO, Summit Communiqué, 11 July 2023

Modeling of hydrodynamic

cavitating flows considering the

bubble-bubble interaction

Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science

and Engineering, Ministry of Education,

School of Energy and Power

Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University,

Xi'an, 710049, China

Efterskrift:

Der pt er +500 skibe, test af militærudstyr, der

kan understøtte og sikre en direkte anvendelse til

at inddrage denne teknologi kosteffektivt og

direkte i alt fra Seafare Drones til de operations

støttende enheder, platforme.

Undertegnede har udført LES modeleringer i

perioden fra 1990 til -95 med efterfølgende

opfølgninger. Anbefaling er at fuldbyrde fuld skala

test, ud fra de mange erfaringer der allerede

foreligger.

Venligste Hilsner

Bjarne Engelbrecht Larsen

+45 4062 6213

69. Climate change is a defining challenge with a

profound impact on Allied security facing present and

future generations. It remains a threat multiplier. NATO

is committed to becoming the leading international

organisation when it comes to understanding and

adapting to the impact of climate change on security.

We will continue to address the impact of climate

change on defence and security, including through the

development of innovative strategic analysis tools. We

will integrate climate change considerations into all of

NATO’s core tasks, adapt our infrastructure, military

capabilities and technologies ensuring resilience to

future operating environments.

To contribute to the mitigation of climate change,

we are committed to significantly cutting

greenhouse gas emissions by the NATO political

and military structures and facilities; we will also

contribute to combatting climate change by

improving Energy efficiency, transitioning to

clean Energy sources, and leveraging innovative

next-generation clean technologies, while

ensuring military effectiveness and a credible

deterrence and defence posture.

We will continue to strengthen our exchanges with

partner countries, the scientific community, as well as

other international and regional organisations that are

active on climate change and security. We welcome the

establishment of a NATO Centre of Excellence for

Climate Change and Security in Montreal.

Pegasus Solar VAT # DK 3107 7362

v/ Bjarne Engelbrecht Larsen

Kampmannsvej 2, Sanddal, 7000 Fredericia

Mobile +45 4062 6213 •

E-mail:

[email protected]

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