IPU, Alm.del - 2022-23 (1. samling) - Bilag 1: Resultater af IPU-session i Kigali, Rwanda, efteråret 2022

Dansk Interparlamentarisk Gruppes bestyrelse 2022-23 (1. samling)
IPU Alm.del Bilag 1
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145th IPU Assembly

Kigali, Rwanda

11-15 October 2022

Parliamentary impetus to local and regional development

of countries with high levels of international migration

and to stopping all forms, including state-sponsored,

of human-trafficking and human rights abuses

Resolution adopted by consensus

by the 145th IPU Assembly

(Kigali, 15 October 2022)

The 145th Assembly of the Inter-Parliamentary Union,

Noting

that the term "migration" generally reflects various means by which

people and individuals are displaced across international borders, voluntarily or

involuntarily, and that the terms "refugee" and "asylum-seeker" are sub-categories of

migration with particular policy and legal frameworks,

Expressing its deep concern

at the rise of the people smuggling and human

trafficking industries as a means of migration, affecting people in vulnerable situations,

Reaffirming

the objectives and principles of the Charter of the United

Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Geneva Conventions, as

well as the values and principles of the Inter-Parliamentary Union,

Recalling

the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly, and Regular Migration and

the Global Compact on Refugees, endorsed by the United Nations General Assembly,

Recalling also

the IPU resolutions

Migrant workers, people trafficking,

xenophobia and human rights

(adopted at the 118th Assembly, Cape Town, April 2008),

Strengthening inter-parliamentary cooperation on migration and migration governance in

view of the adoption of the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration

(adopted at the 139th Assembly, Geneva, October 2018),

Reaffirming

the sovereign right of States to determine, in accordance with

international law, their national migration policy and their prerogative to govern migration

within their jurisdiction,

Reaffirming also

that every State must ensure the protection of the human

rights of all migrants, particularly unaccompanied migrant children within its territory and

subject to its jurisdiction, without discrimination of any kind, including in particular on the

basis of national origin,

#IPU145

Acknowledging

that breaches of humanitarian law by belligerents resulting in

war crimes and crimes against humanity, as well as the crime of genocide, are a major

cause of forced displacement and the flow of refugees,

Stressing

that war and violence are among the main drivers of migration and

displacement, as has been witnessed following the unjustifiable and unprovoked war of

aggression unleashed by the Russian Federation in 2014 and radically escalated by the

full-scale military attack on 24 February 2022 against the sovereign nation of Ukraine and

its people; and

recalling

the subsequent IPU resolution

Peaceful resolution of the war in

Ukraine, respecting international law, the Charter of the United Nations and territorial

integrity

(adopted at the 144th Assembly, Nusa Dua, March 2022), which addresses the

migration and displacement that has resulted from that war,

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Regretting

that, apart from massive loss of human life, the ongoing aggression of the

Russian Federation against Ukraine has triggered one of the largest displacement crises in the

world, with more than 7 million Ukrainian refugees and more than 6.9 million internally displaced

persons so far,

Underlining

that migration is linked to poverty, climate change, natural disasters,

inequitable socioeconomic structures, persecution, armed conflict, human rights violations and

identity factors such as race, ethnicity, religion, age, sex and gender; that peace, security and

development are closely interlinked; and that people on the move, irrespective of their legal status,

are entitled to full access to their human rights, as set out in the relevant international treaties and

covenants,

Noting

the insecurity and the political, economic and social instability and violence that

various regions in the world are currently experiencing that forces their populations to flee and seek

refuge in other countries,

Affirming

that intensified international cooperation is needed to address these

structural and transnational causes of migration, bearing in mind that women and children are

particularly vulnerable in migration crises and that these groups are in need of extra protection and

support,

Noting

the prominently gendered aspect of migration, whereby women and men leave

their origin country and move to another for different reasons and under different circumstances,

facing different risks during transit and different challenges, including access to legal and social

protection and health services,

Noting also

the high proportion of youth migrants, which rises in an inverse

relationship to the level of economic development of the originating country, and that the wide

range of reasons for youth migration includes education and employment opportunities,

Noting further

that youth migrants are heavily represented as refugees and

unaccompanied minors, and thereby face particular challenges and risks, increasing their

vulnerabilities compared to their adult counterparts,

Condemning in the strongest terms

the criminal human-traffickers and people

smugglers around the world who exploit the vulnerabilities of migrants and refugees, especially

women and children, for their own individual purposes,

Condemning also

the grave abuses committed against migrant women and girls,

including all forms of gender-based discrimination and violence, forced labour, exploitation and

trafficking,

Noting with great concern

a worldwide trend towards the exploitation and human rights

abuse of vulnerable migrants for political and economic purposes, including to foment xenophobia

and to spread misinformation,

Regretting and condemning

the tragic deaths and disappearances of refugees and

migrants along different migration routes,

Seeking to guarantee

the rights of refugees under the 1951 Convention relating to the

Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol,

Recalling

the United Nations Global Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons,

the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, and its Protocol to Prevent,

Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, which provide a

framework to effectively prevent and combat trafficking and the smuggling of persons,

Reaffirming

the role of the UN Special Rapporteur on Trafficking in Persons,

especially Women and Children, as established by the UN Commission on Human Rights

(Decision 2004/110), and

calling on

States to cooperate with their mandate,

Recalling

the various resolutions of the Security Council of the United Nations that

condemn any form of human trafficking and people smuggling in the strongest possible terms, and

acknowledging

the partnership work of the International Organization for Migration and United

Nations Office on Drugs and Crime within the European Union funded initiative

Global Action

against Trafficking in Persons and the Smuggling of Migrants

in Asia and the Middle East,

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Requests

that the United Nations makes the topic of human trafficking, people

smuggling and modern day slavery a specific point of focus of the next United Nations

General Assembly;

Calls on

States and their respective parliaments to consider ratifying or acceding to

the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and its

Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women

and Children, and

also urges

States parties to those instruments to implement them

fully and effectively;

Urges

States and their respective parliaments to endorse if they have not done so

already and to make full use of the Global Compact for Migration and the Global

Compact on Refugees as roadmaps for improving international cooperation and

migration governance;

Calls on

parliaments, in cooperation with their governments, civil society groups and

diverse stakeholders, including women and youth, to promote people’s access to

comprehensive and up-to-date information on opportunities, limitations, risks and

rights in the event of migration, thus enabling prospective migrants to make informed

choices based on realistic expectations;

Urges

parliaments, in cooperation with their governments, to secure and to enhance

the availability and flexibility of legal pathways and regularization options for regular

migration to facilitate labour mobility and skills training, family reunification, and

migration for reasons such as armed conflict, gender-based violence, natural disasters

and climate change, thereby undermining smuggling and trafficking networks, and to

eliminate discriminatory policies that deny migrant children access to essential

services, including education and health care; and to protect and respect the basic

rights of migrants;

Calls on

parliaments as well as regional and sub-regional inter-parliamentary

organizations to actively engage in the achievement of the 2030 Agenda for

Sustainable Development to optimize migration governance and address the major

drivers of forced and irregular migration that inherently fuel human trafficking –

particularly wars, extreme poverty, severe inequalities between and within countries,

climate change and natural disasters – and to promote measures aimed at raising

awareness and maximizing the development benefits of safe and regular migration;

Urges

States in the Sahel and Sahara regions, in particular the States of the G5-Sahel

group, to step up their international solidarity and the coordination of their actions with

a view to reducing the numbers of irregular migrants;

Urges

parliaments to ensure that their governments comply with and implement

relevant norms of international law and relevant resolutions of the international

community and the United Nations Security Council, and contribute to the realization

of fundamental human rights worldwide through active engagement and advocacy;

Reaffirms

the right of every human being to be free from arbitrary deportation by a

foreign power, such as the Russian Federation’s forced displacement of Ukrainian

civilians, including thousands of children, from the temporarily occupied territories to

the Russian Federation;

Requests

the strengthening of international solidarity with countries where social,

economic and security conditions cause people to migrate and equally with those

countries in the world hosting a considerable number of refugees;

Calls upon

all parliaments and governments to design and implement development

programmes that help eliminate inequality, poverty, lack of opportunities and violence,

including gender-based violence, experienced by persons in countries with high levels

of international migration and in migrant transit countries in order to develop

opportunities in countries of origin so that there are fewer possible causes for people

to migrate, and to ensure that such programmes reflect the particular needs of

vulnerable groups, including vulnerable women; as it is only by fighting the roots of

forced migration that it can be prevented;

10.

11.

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12.

Calls on

States and their respective parliaments to take measures to prevent

disappearances and deaths on global migration routes, to adopt the necessary laws

and policies in order to be able to search for the disappeared, identify the dead and to

re-establish family links, and to increase international cooperation on this matter;

Urges

parliaments to promote adoption and implementation of specific programmes

protecting the rights of refugees, paying specific attention to the needs of women and

children, facilitating employment and ensuring education;

Calls upon

all governments around the world to increase investment and promote

international cooperation in youth and women’s employment, empowerment and

social protection programmes, including vocational training and entrepreneurship,

high-quality education, health, to address their particular needs, offer greater

opportunities both in countries of origin and in receiving States and to raise awareness

on safe migration, and also to invest in systematic data collection, management and

analysis to ensure reliable, accurate and disaggregated data on migration and human

trafficking, and to develop programmes appropriate to gender and age groups;

Calls on

all governments and parliaments to ensure that no obstacles, including

immunities legislation or national procedural law, prevent forcibly displaced victims of

aggression, war crimes, crimes against humanity or other serious human rights

violations from seeking justice in domestic courts or receiving due compensation;

Also calls upon

all governments and parliaments to take holistic meaningful and

coordinated action, including enacting and enforcing legislation criminalizing trafficking

and smuggling; raising awareness through media, including social media; and

strengthening national law enforcement capabilities, to dismantle global smuggling

and trafficking organizations and networks and to strengthen efforts to combat people

smuggling and human trafficking as per their commitment outlined in Objective 10 of

the Global Compact for Migration and ensure the effective implementation of relevant

international conventions and treaties; and also to prevent the use of false passports

and/or false entry permits;

Encourages

governments to provide adequate support to victims of human trafficking

and people smuggling, to develop and implement programmes to provide physical and

psychological care, shelter and reintegration into society for victims of trafficking,

including but not limited to facilitating access to justice, protection of victims,

psychological counselling, including by providing access to gender-responsive and

child-sensitive measures, and extension of residence permits during their recovery

from the effects of their experiences;

Calls on

parliaments to ensure adequate financial support to key State agencies and

units that play an integral part in responding to the scourge of human trafficking, and

to conduct awareness campaigns on human trafficking and people smuggling among

their broad populations;

Urges

governments and parliaments to address the demand side of trafficking,

including trafficking in women and girls for the purpose of sexual exploitation, through

law-making, law-enforcement and educational measures;

Encourages

governments to strengthen international cooperation and national and

international capacities to equip officials in law enforcement, the judicial process and

other agencies concerned with training and the broad-ranging skills and competencies

needed to effectively prevent, investigate, prosecute and combat smuggling and

trafficking, including the practice of state-sponsored instrumentalization of human

trafficking; and to identify and disrupt financial flows related to these activities and all

kinds of money laundering related to them;

Calls on

international organizations to play a more active and bolder role in alleviating

the hardships of forcibly displaced persons, as well as in preventing and solving the

root causes of such displacement;

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

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22.

Urges

all governments and parliaments to critically assess the mandates of

international organizations and initiate an open discussion on how international

organizations, including the United Nations, its Security Council and General

Assembly, may be reformed in order to become more effective and inclusive, and to

fight the root causes of forced displacement;

Requests

that countries of origin and transit fully investigate trafficking routes, fully

cooperate with States sharing their borders and contribute to stopping the practice of

organized human trafficking to other countries, as well as to monitoring social

networks and online platforms, which have become facilitators of transnational

trafficking activities, and to sharing intelligence on trafficking among countries in

migration flows through secured communication channels, in full compliance with

applicable national laws;

Reminds

governments that, in line with the principle of non-criminalization of victims,

smuggled migrants must not be prosecuted for having been smuggled;

Urges

parliaments to strengthen legislation to ensure protection and assistance for

trafficked persons in migration flows in a human rights-based, gender-responsive and

child-sensitive manner by creating conducive legal and policy frameworks to make

sure that victims and survivors of this crime are protected from punishment for illegal

conduct as a consequence of being trafficked, as well as from stigmatization, racism

and xenophobia and from re-victimization and re-trafficking;

Declares

full solidarity with migrants and refugees who are forced by conflicts and

security situations to flee and seek safe havens in other countries;

affirms

its support

for the victims of human trafficking, and

commits

to provide them with a helping hand

and assistance and to take effective measures to prevent and combat human

trafficking, especially against women and children, in times of conflict and in line with

the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially

Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against

Transnational Organized Crime and various relevant international covenants and

instruments;

Recognizes

the importance of cooperation, solidarity, exchange of experiences and

partnerships at the international level between the various relevant authorities, as well

as of strengthening governance at all levels, in a manner that achieves the objectives

of the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration;

Urges

parliaments to assume their legislative and supervisory responsibilities and

roles in confronting illegal immigration, in strengthening contractual relationship rights

and mechanisms, and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals;

Calls on

all parliaments and governments to take targeted measures to enhance

security and stability, and to resolve disputes by peaceful means;

Requests

that the IPU Secretary General transmit the present resolution to the IPU

Member Parliaments, the United Nations Secretary-General and all relevant

institutions;

Invites

the IPU Member Parliaments to communicate to the IPU Secretariat by the

149th Assembly the measures taken to achieve implementation of this resolution.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

A number of delegations took the floor to express their reservations:

Czech Republic

on operative paragraph 3,

India

on preambular paragraph 21,

Kazakhstan

on preambular

paragraphs 9 and 10 and operative paragraph 9,

Qatar

on the reference to labour mobility in operative paragraph 5,

Syrian Arab Republic

on preambular paragraph 9 and

Türkiye

on preambular paragraph 19

Hungary

and

Indonesia

on the entire resolution.

The

Russian Federation

expressed its opposition to the resolution.