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Danish Arab Partnership Programme 2022-2027

Programme Document

Human Rights and Inclusion

Department for the Middle East and North Africa

Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs

October 2021

URU, Alm.del - 2021-22 - Bilag 35: Orientering om ny fase af Dansk-Arabisk Partnerskabsprogram 2022-27

Danish Arab Partnership Programme 2022-2027

Programme Document for Human Rights and Inclusion

Table of Contents

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................................................................................... III

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 1

CONTEXT, STRATEGIC CONSIDERATIONS, AND JUSTIFICATION ........................................ 2

2.1

2.2

2.3

ROGRAMME CONTEXT

.............................................................................................................................................. 2

TRATEGIC CONSIDERATIONS

................................................................................................................................... 4

USTIFICATION

.............................................................................................................................................................. 7

PROGRAMME OBJECTIVE AND THEORY OF CHANGE........................................................... 10

3.1

3.2

3.3

ROGRAMME OBJECTIVE

.......................................................................................................................................... 10

HEORY OF

HANGE

................................................................................................................................................ 10

ROGRAMME INTERVENTIONS

................................................................................................................................ 13

SUMMARY OF THE RESULTS FRAMEWORK ............................................................................... 16

BUDGET ............................................................................................................................................. 19

IMPLEMENTATION AND MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENTS ............................................... 20

6.1

6.2

6.3

ROGRAMME PARTNERS

........................................................................................................................................... 20

RGANISATIONAL SET

........................................................................................................................................ 20

ONITORING

EVALUATION

ACCOUNTABILITY

AND LEARNING

................................................................... 23

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, PLANNING, AND REPORTING ................................................ 24

7.1

7.2

INANCIAL MANAGEMENT

....................................................................................................................................... 24

EPORTING

................................................................................................................................................................. 25

RISK MANAGEMENT ....................................................................................................................... 26

CLOSURE ............................................................................................................................................ 27

ANNEX 1

–

PROGRAMME CONTEXT .................................................................................................... 28

ANNEX 1A

–

UPDATE ON THE CONTEXT IN TUNISIA .................................................................... 32

ANNEX 2

–

DETAILED RESULTS FRAMEWORK ................................................................................. 33

ANNEX 3

–

BUDGET ................................................................................................................................. 41

ANNEX 4

–

PARTNER ASSESSMENT ..................................................................................................... 42

ANNEX 5

–

RISK MANAGEMENT ........................................................................................................... 43

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Programme Document for Human Rights and Inclusion

List of abbreviations

AMG

CSOs

DAPP

DKK

EFF

FGM

FoRB

GBV

HRBA

HRD

HRO

ISA

LGBT+

MFA

MEAL

MENA

MTR

NAP

NGO

NHRI

PANDDH

SDGs

SRHR

ToR

UPR

YSB

Aid Management Guidelines

Civil Society Organisations

Danish Arab Partnership Programme

Danish Krone

Extended Fund Facility

Female Genital Mutilation

Freedom of Religion or Belief

Gender Based Violence

Human Rights Based Approach

Human Rights Defender

Human Rights Organisation

International Standards of Auditing

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender +

Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Monitoring, Evaluation, Accountability, and Learning

Middle East and North Africa

Mid-Term Review

National Human Rights Action Plan

Non-Governmental Organisation

National Human Rights Institutions

National Action Plan on Democracy and Human Rights

Sustainable Development Goals

Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights

Terms of Reference

Universal Periodic Review

Youth Sounding Boards

iii

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Programme Document for Human Rights and Inclusion

1 Introduction

The present Programme Document outlines the background, rationale and justification,

objectives, and management arrangements for the Danish Arab Partnership Programme (DAPP)

20222027 for Human Rights and Inclusion (henceforth the Human Rights Programme), funded

and managed by the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA). The Programme will be

implemented in Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt, and Jordan (the DAPP countries) from 1 July 2022 to

30 June 2027. The Human Rights Programme constitutes one of two programmes under the new

DAPP; the other focuses on Youth Employment and Entrepreneurship.

The Danish Arab Partnership Programme has been a key Danish foreign policy instrument in the

Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region since its inception in 2003. In DAPP 2017-2022,

three separate engagements under the Governance Thematic Programme focused on human

rights, gender equality, and free media. The current human rights contexts in Morocco, Tunisia,

Egypt and Jordan show some promising developments but remain difficult with limited room for

youth participation. The situation in the DAPP countries, coupled with the Danish policy focus

on migration and youth, provides a strong justification for more focused support to the promotion

and protection of rights for and by youth. Creating better circumstances for and by young people

by promoting and protecting their rights to fully participate in civil society and political dialogue,

addresses one of the important root causes of youth disenfranchisement.

The Human Rights Programme will adopt a systemic approach, supporting all stakeholders

engaged in the human rights system

–

rights holders as well as duty bearers. This will inter alia

entail support to rights holders such as human rights defenders (HRDs) and human rights

organisations (HROs) in their engagements with duty bearers and vice versa. The Programme will

support this focus by i) selecting local partner organisations that have youth as a specific target

group; ii) concentrating on country level activities; and iii) defining clearer and easier-to-measure

targets.

In reducing the number of partner organisations (compared to the previous DAPP phase), the

Human Rights Programme will consist of one or a consortium of implementing partner(s), selected

through a tender process to collectively address the four outcome areas. Moreover, funding is set

aside for support to particular expertise not covered by the implementing partners. This could

entail work with minority groups, implemented by specialised HRDs/HROs, LGBT+, and faith-

based minorities or specific intervention areas such as Sexual Reproductive Health and Rights

(SRHR). Acceleration funds will be used to accelerate and upscale particularly successful

interventions and activities within the programme across all outcomes.

The Human Rights Programme will establish links to the Youth Employment and

Entrepreneurship Programme by supporting activities aimed at labour market regulations relevant

for private sector engagement, e.g. regarding the United Nations Principles on Business and

Human Rights and the

‘decent

jobs’ agenda. The coordination and synergies between the two

programmes will be managed by their respective Programme Management Team/Programme

Coordination Boards and Programme Secretariats. Furthermore, the DAPP Youth Sounding

Boards, to be established in each DAPP country, will provide guidance on opportunities for

synergies and learnings between the two programmes.

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Programme Document for Human Rights and Inclusion

2 Context, strategic considerations, and justification

2.1 Programme context

Despite the political, socio-economic, and security-related turmoil in the MENA region, the DAPP

countries have generally provided stable contexts for cooperation and partnership building. This

stability, however, has yet to be translated into the needed conditions for ensuring a broad respect

for human rights and inclusion across societies and generations. With certain notable exceptions,

signs of structural human rights improvements have been limited during the previous DAPP 2017-

2022 and the promotion and protection of human rights continues to be a sensitive and challenging

topic. In all DAPP countries, there is a lack of meaningful cooperation and trust between

stakeholders in the human rights system, encompassing state institutions as well as civil society.

Governments make insufficient commitments to international obligations and the implementation

of national laws, and in some cases actively work to thwart advances in the field. In the case of

Tunisia, recent developments are unsettling but there does not appear to be any current concerns

with continuing to work on the protection and promotion of human rights for national and

international organisations, including those under DAPP.

The space for civil society action remains limited or is shrinking in the DAPP countries. The

COVID-19 pandemic has further challenged the work of HROs and HRDs

and the region’s

youngest generations remain largely disenfranchised and frustrated. Youth lack the needed avenues

to express their concerns or to act as agents of change in meaningful engagements with duty

bearers and remain largely excluded from any dialogue on political, economic, and societal

progress. This is illustrated by an increase in youth-led movements across the MENA region that

challenge political decision

makers’ commitment to human rights and demand better protection

and inclusion through duty bearers. As these youth movements and protests are often driven by

the daily frustrations faced by young people, their demands are not necessarily aligned with those

of conventional HROs and HRDs.

2.1.1 Specific challenges related to human rights and inclusion

By focusing on four selected outcomes, the Human Rights Programme seeks to build on previous

engagements and to expand interventions in particularly promising areas, while bearing in mind

the significant contextual differences in the four DAPP countries that all involve challenges and

opportunities justifying DAPP’s continuous presence.

The National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) and other public institutions working

in the human rights field continue to struggle in all the DAPP countries.

Present in various

forms in all DAPP countries, NHRIs generally hold the mandate to address the full range of

human rights, including civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights and are integral to the

countries’ human rights systems. These and other public institutions working in the human rights

field fulfil important monitoring roles while also serving as entry points to the government and

public duty bearers responsible for upholding human rights standards in law and practice as well

as maintaining a dialogue with rights holders. The NHRIs vary significantly in their historical

legacies, institutional capacities, and the legal frameworks under which they operate. These

parameters influence how the public institutions in the human rights field are perceived by youth

focused HROs and young HRDs. However, there is room for improvement in their ability to

perform methodologically stringent and comprehensive human rights monitoring and reporting in

their respective national contexts. It is expected that facilitating the engagement of NHRIs and

other public institutions with youth groups and right holders can

make the DAPP countries’

human rights systems more inclusive and robust. It would provide young people exposed to

Please see Annex 1a for further details on the current (September 2021) situation in Tunisia.

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Programme Document for Human Rights and Inclusion

human rights violations with the chance to have their voice heard and help establish pathways for

meaningful dialogue with governments and other duty bearers on important rights issues. The

degree to which this systemic approach can be achieved will vary between the DAPP countries.

Harassment, violence including Gender-based Violence (GBV), and torture remain

widespread.

Physical and non-physical violence continues to be prevalent, and young people are

subject to arbitrary detention, harassment, GBV, and torture. This erodes their trust and hope for

the future. Inadequate access to redress and rehabilitation of victims of violence and torture further

diminishes youth’s access to a decent life. Addressing these issues is urgent yet complicated as the

responsibility rests not only with the authorities, but with all levels of society. Duty bearers need

support and technical assistance for i) improving conditions in detention and prison facilities; ii)

ensuring that they live up to their international obligations; iii) protecting citizens from gender-

based and other forms of violent behaviour; and iv) guaranteeing decent and safe protection and

rehabilitation services.

Independent and diverse media under pressure.

According to the 2020 World Press Index,

DAPP countries were ranked as either being in a problematic situation (Tunisia), a difficult

situation (Morocco and Jordan), or in a very serious situation (Egypt). Independent media outlets

remain rare and critical journalists are regularly subjected to harassments, surveillance, detentions,

and targeted violence. This limits the critical voices across society, particularly for marginalized

youth and minority groups. It also induces self-censorship and silences reporting on human rights

violations, leading to further frustrations. Civil society and independent media organisations are in

need of improved legal frameworks and a diverse media to enable public debates on issues salient

for youth in all parts of society.

Gender equality continues to be a human rights challenge, also among youth.

While Tunisia

and Morocco have witnessed legislative improvements over the last decades, implementation of

laws in support of gender equality lags behind in all four countries. The lack of gender equality

particularly affects young women, e.g. those that suffer from dominating gender stereotypes and

poor access to maternal health facilities, particularly in rural areas. Female genital mutilation

(FGM), internationally recognized as a human rights violation, continues to have social acceptance

in Egypt. Young men are likewise affected by gender stereotypes, such as seeing themselves as the

main breadwinners, and are the ones most likely to migrate, e.g. due to their inability to start a

family because of a lack of opportunities. Feminist and gender-sensitive civil society organisations

(CSO) should be further supported to engage in meaningful dialogue with duty bearers and

enhance their capacity to both influence legislative reforms and monitor whether legal advances

are adequately implemented. In this difficult context, previous DAPP phases have demonstrated

a range of opportunities for working in partnerships with both rights holders and duty bearers in

order to improve such conditions.

2.1.2 Programme target groups and stakeholders

While human rights violations affect everyone, they often affect

youth

disproportionately. At the

same time, young people are a part of various sub-groups that have different needs according to

gender, education, rural-urban living situations, socio-economic backgrounds, and age. While they

might share similar challenges, each sub-group also has its special characteristics, predicaments

and challenges. Each sub-group carries different ambitions. In acknowledging contextual nuances

and various youth categories and their needs, and to obtain the best results in terms of ensuring a

greater

inclusion

of youth, the Human Rights Programme will generally address two different

categories of youth:

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Danish Arab Partnership Programme 2022-2027

Programme Document for Human Rights and Inclusion

Young people with the potential to work through HROs and act as HRDs.

In middle-

income DAPP countries, where around a third of the population has been enrolled in tertiary

education,

college and university graduates

represent one of these subgroups. Well-educated

youth are profoundly aware of their limitations in terms of the mismatch between available jobs

and their skills and education, as well as the significant limitations to their active participation in

civic life. They also have great expectations and ambitions for a better life, which if not fulfilled

can lead to despair and the desire to seek opportunities outside their home countries. This sub-

group has strong potential to engage in human rights work and active citizenship under the new

DAPP.

Young people from marginalised communities.

Another target sub-group will be those

present in less-structured youth movements in both urban and rural areas, including young women

and men from poorer urban neighbourhoods and geographically marginalised areas with lower

levels of education. Disenchanted and frustrated, these groups are prone

to be ‘left behind’ and

willing to seek illegal, and often dangerous, ways to emigrate from their home communities. This

sub-group

rarely finds its voice heard in rights holders’ dialogues with duty bearers and thus

require

safe, convening, and inclusive spaces for youth learning and democratic engagement.

In addition, the Human Rights Programme will have a particular focus on

including minority

groups

such as LGBT+ and faith-based groups, both of which might face specific challenges and

are particularly vulnerable to experience both every-day and systemic harassment and violence.

2.2 Strategic considerations

While

youth

is far from being a homogeneous

group, the DAPP 2022-2027 aligns with the

Danish MFA’s general definition of youth

being aged from 15 to 35 years of age,

thereby

ensuring that the programme addresses the

needs and concerns of youth all the way to

adulthood.

The Human Rights Programme will be explicitly

sensitive to variations within youth’s specific

needs, not least in terms of gender, location

(urban/peri-urban/rural localities), levels of

education, etc. This also considers the fact that

traditional civil movements in the DAPP

countries have not always been successful in

including various types of youth focused HRDs

and HROs, contributing to an impending

‘generation gap’ and a disconnect between

established civil society actors and vocal youth

groups.

The world’s largest generation of children and

young people is a huge resource for sustainable

and lasting change. It is essential that the

development cooperation be driven with and by

young people instead of for young people only.

Across the whole world young activists are at the

forefront in the fight for equality, democracy,

human rights and the climate. They are united in

youth organizations, movements and loosely

coordinated networks.

[…]

Across our development

efforts, we will support young people, who work to

create positive change. We will ensure possibilities,

so that they will be listened to and be included as

equal and meaningful partners in the development

of their societies.

The World We Share

Tra slated fro Fælles O

Verde

As human rights programming in the MENA region often addresses the most educated and urban

parts of the population, the programme will explicitly focus on including youth voices from

geographically marginalised areas.

Respect for

human rights

and

civic inclusion

are essential elements in societies based on the

rule of law and democracy. The DAPP 2022-2027 aims at improving civic engagement, particularly

for and

by youth, by enhancing duty bearers’ capacity to promote and protect human rights, and

to provide a space for rights holders and media to voice respect for rights and inclusion. In addition

Danida AMG: Youth in Development.

https://amg.um.dk/en/tools/youth-in-development/

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to its explicit focus on youth, the Human Rights Programme maintains

DAPP’s strong support

for

gender equality

and DAPP partners are expected to integrate a gender sensitive approach

across all outcome areas.

By integrating its four outcomes, the Human Rights Programme aims to explicitly work, whenever

possible, with both rights holders and duty bearers following a

systemic approach

to human

rights. This means that the promotion and protection of human rights is seen as one interlinked

and organic system comprising multiple stakeholders upholding human rights standards as well as

addressing human rights violations. All interventions need to consider and identify suitable

pathways to enhance synergies and collaboration between relevant stakeholders in each national

human rights system. The degree to which this systemic approach can be achieved will vary

between the DAPP countries. Implementing partner(s) should be able to benefit from and utilise

existing networks and partnerships in the DAPP countries and to apply a strategic and

collaborative approach that draws upon multiple sources of expertise and competence.

Denmark has supported human rights, gender equality, and free media in the region and in DAPP

countries for many years. There is a well-established cooperation between Danish and local NGOs

and, in some instances,

with state partners. DAPP’s

partnership approach

of supporting rights

holders and engaging with duty bearers differentiates it from those of many other international

donors. This type of civil society partnership, building on a bottom-up approach and multi-annual

partnerships and budgets, has proven to be a Danish comparative advantage in the field of

governance and inclusion in the MENA region. The new DAPP will continue to build on the

partnership approach to strengthening CSOs and civil society, thereby enabling the civic

engagement of youth and influencing duty bearers through a bottom-up approach.

The Human Rights Programme is designed and will be implemented in the spirit of

Doing

Development Differently

(DDD), which was introduced in 2020. The previous DAPP already

follows the key DDD principles of adaptive learning and adaptive implementation according to

context

–

underpinned by frequent dialogue between the MENA DAPP Team and partner

organisations. DDD comprises two main strands that strengthen the relevance and effectiveness

of Danish development cooperation: i) reinforcing the holistic approach; and ii) introducing an

adaptive approach with an increased emphasis on learning. DAPP will focus on ensuring that the

different projects across the Human Rights Programme have the necessary management set-up

and monitoring system to ensure close coordination and learning between the different projects.

This will also help to ensure complementarity between the interventions.

The Programme will seek to ensure

complementarity with other interventions supported by

Denmark

in the DAPP countries. One key element is the alignment with other forms of Danish

civil society support such as the Strategic Partnerships Agreements (SPA) for Danish civil society

organisations, which is particularly relevant should the new DAPP partners also be among those

organisations receiving SPA funds. Furthermore, DAPP activities are seen as complementary to

Denmark’s active support for the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP), whose

southern

dimension includes the DAPP countries. ENP has a suite of programmes including on good

governance, socio-economic development, and migration. In the area of human rights and

inclusion, alignment with the ENP could add value to the duty-bearer agenda,

based on the ENP’s

unique toolbox and possibility to create dialogue with duty-bearers. It could also strengthen the

strategic human rights agenda and its policy elements, including the human rights dialogue with

the intervention countries. Similarly, and where relevant, there will be close alignment with the

new MENA North Africa development initiative (DKK 200 million 2021-2024) aimed at

strengthening relations between Denmark and the North Africa region under the political priority

of addressing migration. For Jordan, Denmark supports a long range of interventions aimed at

alleviating the external consequences and human suffering of the Syria Crisis. This includes the

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Global Concessional Financing Facility, which receives DKK 70 million (until 2023) to improve

social service delivery, economic opportunities and improved access to and quality of

infrastructure for host and refugee populations in Jordan. Strengthening of the Jordanian health

services through DKK 60 million (until 2023) to the Joint Health Fund for Refugees aims to

improve capacity to deliver primary and secondary health services as well as increase the utilization

of services by Syrian refugees. Finally, the EU Regional Trust Fund in Response to the Syrian

Crisis (the Madad Fund) in Jordan receives DKK 100 million (until the end of 2021) to support a

range of activities targeting Syrian refugees and vulnerable host communities.

2.2.1 Lessons Learned and how they have informed the strategy

Anchored by a longstanding presence in the MENA region, DAPP 20222027 builds on the

lessons learned and experiences from past programme phases, including recent findings from the

Mid-Term Review (MTR) of DAPP 2017-2022 conducted in November 2020. The MTR

concluded that engagements concerning human rights, gender equality, and free media had

achieved results in most DAPP countries, while also noting that future ambitions needed to be

better linked to contextual developments and realities on the ground. Specifically, the MTR

recommended that the theories of change for human rights and gender equality be reformulated

in a less optimistic manner, given that anticipated developments in the context had not

materialised. The new Human Rights Programme is developed with a view to guarding the realism

of interventions in a difficult implementation context while maintaining its ambitious approach to

the promotion and protection of human rights. Together with the overall Strategic Framework

Document for DAPP 2022-2027, the Human Rights Programme is based on an updated context

analysis (see in particular Annex 1).

Based on the MTR and other lessons learned under DAPP 2017-2022, the Human Rights

Programme will take a point of departure in the following

guiding principles:



Systemic approach

reinforcing the linkages between multiple sets of stakeholders

including state institutions and civil society with different mandates and roles in the Human

Rights System to strengthen the protection and promotion of human rights,

Participation and dialogue

as key instruments for state institutions to engage with civil

society to promote human rights. Focus will be on ensuring not only meaningful

participation but also the influence of youth on key issues that affect them;

Spaces, civic engagement, and partnerships

as key pathways for state institutions and

youth civil society;

Inclusion and outreach

to ensure that disenfranchised youth from minority groups,

urban and rural areas etc. are included and provided with opportunities for cross learning

and scaling. A particular focus will also be to strengthen partnerships with youth-led

movements and CSOs.

2.2.2 Synergies

The MTR of DAPP 2017-2022 concluded that the envisaged synergies across various programme

elements did not fully materialise. To enhance synergies, break with

‘silo thinking’,

increase the

coherence of interventions, and

–

hence

–

a systemic approach, the new Human Rights

Programme

integrates activities on human rights, violence and torture, media, and gender

equality

into one joint programme with four outcomes. The outcome areas are tailored to the

region’s

challenging context with more substantial interventions in fewer areas. The previous

emphasis on regional efforts and cooperation is reduced and replaced with broader national

interventions that include a greater focus on interactions between stakeholders in the human rights

system.

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The Human Rights Programme will establish links to the

Youth Employment Programme

supporting activities aimed at labour market regulations relevant for private sector engagement,

e.g. regarding the United Nations Principles on Business and Human Rights and the

‘decent jobs’

agenda. This support could be aimed at activities that seek to improve the DAPP

countries’

business environment through: i) skills development of tri-partite partners to engage in dialogues

on decent jobs; ii) dedicated initiatives that improve legal frameworks and practices to enhance

women’s

participation in the labour market; and iii) dedicated initiatives to enhance responsible

and rights-focused business conduct. Coordination and synergies between the two programmes

will be managed by their Programme Management Teams/Programme Coordination Boards and

Programme Secretariats. Furthermore, the DAPP Youth Sounding Boards, to be established in

each DAPP country, will provide guidance on opportunities for synergies and learnings between

the two programmes.

While the partnership approach under DAPP is considered justified, there is potential for more

alignment with like-minded donors

to upscale and multiply efforts. DAPP’s priorities in the

field of human rights and inclusion are aligned with the EU’s ‘New Agenda for the Mediterranean’

launched in early 2021. Like-minded donors in the region are supporting programmes and projects

that complement and align well with the interventions under the Human Rights Programme.

Examples include projects that i) promote human rights standards; ii) support the independence

of the judiciary; iii) build the capacity of judges, lawyers and medical professionals to prevent

torture and support victims; iv) support independent journalism, access to information and

inclusive media spaces;

v) support women’s equal participation in political

and economic activities;

and vi) address GBV. Whenever possible, DAPP will establish formal or informal cooperation

with other like-minded donors, particularly the EU and Member States, but also with the United

Kingdom, Norway, Switzerland, the United States, and Canada, as well as programming conducted

by multilateral institutions and United Nations agencies. Given that DAPP’s activities are

implemented in different national contexts, options for donor cooperation will be identified on a

case-by-case basis, with a view to enhancing the sustainability of DAPP-funded activities.

Implementing partner(s) will be tasked, in consultation with the MENA DAPP Team, to map

options for cooperation with other donors in DAPP’s inception phase.

2.3 Justification

Danish development cooperation builds on the key principle of

partnerships.

Denmark and

Danish stakeholders work in mutually beneficial partnerships with organisations and institutions

in partner countries. Through its foreign policy and development cooperation, Denmark fights

poverty and promotes sustainable growth and development, economic freedom, peace, stability,

and gender equality. At the same time, Denmark aims to counter threats against its own security

and way of life and promote the principles, values, and human rights upon which the open and

democratic Danish society rests. This is what is presented in

Denmark’s

Strategy for Development

Cooperation, The World We Share,

and in the Danish Government’s priorities for development

cooperation in 2021.

Addressing

migration

is a key Danish policy priority. Limiting irregular migration from North

Africa is of great importance to Denmark to ensure stability along the southern border of the EU.

Migrants from the MENA region are predominantly young and largely unemployed. According to

IOM data, nearly 73% of migrants from the region in 2018 were between the ages of 18 and 35

while 65% were unemployed.

Results from the 2020 Arab Youth Survey showed that the main

reasons that cause young people to consider migrating include economic factors, corruption, lack

of security, lack of personal freedoms, and political factors

. Based on this situation,

DAPP’s youth

https://rocairo.iom.int/regional-migration-data

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focus is tied to its commitment to addressing the lack of prospects and opportunities for the future,

in terms of i) employment; ii) inclusion in all aspects of society; and iii) rights, that cause young

people to leave their home countries. The Human Rights Programme particularly addresses the

two latter factors. Denmark seeks to improve the living conditions in the countries of origin and

transfer, thus reducing the impetus for irregular migration, especially among young people.

In addition to the link with migration, the emphasis placed by Denmark on the

inclusion of young

people

and collaboration with youth-led organisations is also tied to a recognition that

disenfranchisement and lack of opportunities for youth to participate as active members in society

causes frustration and anger. The Human Rights Programme builds on these principles and

prioritises efforts to promote human rights, democracy, the rule of law, gender equality and to

strengthen the role and capacity of civil society, particularly for the benefit of the large youth

populations.

The Human Rights Programme is grounded in international human rights standards including the

three principles of applying a

Human Rights Based Approach

(HRBA), as conceptually and

strategically defined by the United Nations Sustainable Development Group (UNSDG),

Leaving

No One Behind,

and

Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment.

It does so by working

actively to ensure alignment with the principles of participation, accountability, non-

discrimination, and transparency.

Participation

is ensured by working directly with young people

and by including a wide range of youth organisations that represent different segments in society.

Relevant youth organisations, as well as the foreseen Youth Sounding Board, will be invited to

participate in developing and conceiving specific activities under the programme.

Accountability

a key principle in Danish development cooperation, and partners engaging in the programme are

considered accountable to the MFA as their donor, their own organisations, as well as to the

constituencies they work for both outside and within the DAPP countries.

Non-discrimination

ensured by working in different settings in the countries, ensuring low entry barriers for

participation and by working with those HRDs and HROs that are particularly focused on

geographically marginalised areas. In terms of

transparency,

clear rules and procedures will be

established, both in terms of programme management and in terms of the projects that constitute

the interventions of the Human Rights Programme. Through their rights-based work,

implementing partners supported through the programme will contribute to promoting the

principle of

leaving no one behind,

which will be respected and proactively considered across

programme interventions to ensure, to the extent possible, the inclusive and meaningful

engagement of vulnerable and disadvantaged people and communities.

Denmark also supports the

Freedom of Religion or Belief

(FoRB) agenda by taking into account

relevant international frameworks such as the Marrakesh Declaration on the Rights of Religious

Minorities in Predominantly Muslim Majority Communities and the International Covenant on

Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The rights and inclusion of faith-based minorities will be

supported by interreligious dialogue at the community level, in villages, local urban

neighbourhoods, schools, universities and in the media

–

in other words, at the local level where

young people live their daily lives. Challenges pertaining to the FoRB agenda are present, albeit to

varying degrees, in the DAPP countries. According to the Arab Youth Survey, religious

considerations were also cited as some of the reasons for considering migration.

https://unsdg.un.org/2030-agenda/universal-values/human-rights-based-approach

https://unsdg.un.org/2030-agenda/universal-values

https://www.arabyouthsurvey.com/pdf/downloadwhitepaper/AYS%202020-WP_ENG_0510_Single-Final.pdf

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2.3.1 Alignment with national/regional/global priorities (including SDGs)

The Human Rights Programme outcomes are generally aligned with policy ambitions as they

pertain to the

UN’s Sustainable Development Goals

(SDGs), in particular SDG 3 (Good

Health and Well-being), SDG 5 (Gender Equality), and SDG 16 (Peace, Justice and Strong

Institutions). Despite various signs of progress, these focus areas remain a challenge in the DAPP

countries. Working on human rights and inclusion remains challenging in all four DAPP countries.

The table below provides a brief overview of key priorities in various country contexts.

Figure 1: Progress on SDGs relevant to the Programme on Human Rights and Inclusion

2.3.2 Programme design justification based on OECD DAC criteria

The Human Rights Programme is

relevant

in relation to the situation in Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt,

and Jordan as it addresses the human rights challenges and exclusion experienced by a large

number of young people by providing support to youth, HRDs, HROs, CSOs, and minority

groups in need of protection, redress, treatment or rehabilitation. At the same time, it is relevant

in relation to Danish foreign policy as it combines the policy priorities of i) ensuring a better life

for people in Europe’s southern neighbourhood;

ii) promoting partnerships between stakeholders

in Denmark and the MENA region; and iii) limiting migration flows.

The challenges related to human rights and inclusion in the DAPP countries are widely

acknowledged and addressed by other donors such as the EU, the UN, and bilateral donors. The

Human Rights Programme will seek strategic

coherence

and alignment with initiatives that are

mutually beneficial and reduce duplication. The successful bilateral cooperation with other donors

in previous DAPP phases will continue and be further enhanced.

The programme’s

efficiency

is increased by integrating three existing engagements into one

programme with fewer partners and outcomes and a more targeted approach for creating spaces

and partnerships between duty bearers and rights holders.

The programme’s

effectiveness

is enhanced through lessons learned that point to a systemic

approach that strengthens the linkages between the various human rights stakeholders in the

human rights system. This includes dialogue and engagement, when feasible, between rights

holders (youth HRDs, HROs, CSOs, and minority groups) and duty bearers(government and state

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institutions). The programme will also employ a holistic approach to the challenges addressed by

applying multiple intervention streams well adapted to each country and its specific target groups.

Effectiveness will also be ensured through a strong focus on learning and an adaptive approach

throughout the programme period.

The programme interventions will have an

impact

when DAPP partnerships show tangible results

in building the capacities of HRDs and HROs to engage and participate in dialogues on human

rights, gender equality, prevention of torture, GBV, and violence against minorities as well as

strengthening the general capacities and quality of human rights reporting across rights holders

and duty bearers. Furthermore, media content and public debates will contribute to the promotion

of human rights.

Capacity strengthening of local partner institutions and organisations will be an integral part of the

programme and will help to ensure the

sustainability

of interventions. After support from the

programme has ended, both the individual youth and local partner organisations will have

improved their capacity and built knowledge and experience, which will help them to continue

their activities beyond the programme phase.

3 Programme objective and theory of change

3.1 Programme objective

The Human Rights Programme’s overall objective is

the promotion and protection of human

rights with a focus on youth.

The objective links to DAPP’s overall vision of

a better life for young people in the Middle

East and North Africa

as young people need to experience opportunities for being active and

protected citizens in order to create a better life for themselves in their home countries.

In accordance with Danish development policy, the programme will continue to follow a

Human

Rights Based Approach.

Accordingly, the objective includes developing the capacities of both

duty bearers (state and public institutions) to meet their obligations and rights holders

(HRDs/HROs, civil society) to claim their rights, and includes youth as a particular target group.

Merging all elements of human rights, relative to different and independent engagements from the

existing programme, the new DAPP envisions a systemic approach to human rights. A systemic

approach will support possible linkages and seek to facilitate dialogue between all stakeholders in

the human rights system including public and private, youth and minority groups, with the purpose

of strengthening the

‘social

contract’

between duty bearers and rights holders. As degrees of

authoritarianism continue to prevail in some of the DAPP countries, the systemic approach will

be carefully adjusted to the specific conditions in each country to reduce the potential dichotomy

and tension between duty bearers and rights holders, while also keeping in mind the vulnerability

of rights holders. Non-discrimination, participation and inclusion, transparency, and accountability

are overarching human rights principles and cut across all outcome areas.

Across the MENA region

–

including in the DAPP countries

–

daily violations of human rights

are preventing youth from expressing themselves freely and exercising their basic rights. NHRIs

often lack the capacity and leadership to produce regular and quality reporting. The persistence of

torture and GBV, restrictions on media and free expression, and the lack of gender equality and

of protection of minorities constitute key challenges to a just and sustainable development.

Defined as ‘an implicit agreement among the members of a society to cooperate for social benefits’ (Oxford

dictionary definition).

3.2 Theory of Change

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With the overall objective of promoting and protecting human rights for and by youth, the Theory

of Change is based on four interlinked outcome areas. Interventions support and develop

capacities of rights holders (youth HRDs. HROs, and CSOs) and duty bearers (state and

government institutions) to: i) improve legislation, reforms, and practices on human rights; and ii)

engage in dialogue whenever possible. Important intervention areas include the prevention of

torture and violence, the enhancement of gender equality and SRHR, the improved protection of

freedom of expression, and the strengthening of independent and diverse media.

Figure 2: Theory of Change for the Programme on Human Rights and Inclusion

The programme will adopt a systemic approach in order to create meaningful linkages within the

individual DAPP countries’

National Human Rights Systems

that should guarantee human

rights and protection to everyone. This protection can only be ensured when human rights actors,

frameworks, and processes are in place within a country and if these fulfil their obligations

effectively. Only under such conditions can the state comply with its human rights obligations,

and only then will all rights holders be better able to claim their rights. All interventions need to

consider suitable pathways to enhance synergies and collaboration between relevant stakeholders.

The partners will pursue and establish suitable pathways for the changes and outcomes outlined

in the programme document.

While this may be the ultimate goal it is also an ambitious one given the challenging context in the

DAPP countries. The Programme will therefore choose the transformational pathways and target

groups that are most likely to lead to success and have an impact on the ground. In contrast to

past efforts, the Human Rights Programme will put more emphasis on supporting the social

contract between duty bearers and rights holders.This implies, where feasible, supporting dialogue

between duty bearers and rights holders

to create space to ‘meet in the middle’ or narrow the gap

where this is feasible. Recognising the value of this path in order for youth to gain trust in

authorities and see a future for themselves in their home countries, while at the same time ensuring

their protection of harassment and harm, the programme acknowledges that certain country

contexts might mean that success in achieving such dialogues could be limited.

Duty Bearers pathway

The Human Rights Programme will be implemented wherever duty bearers show willingness to

move forward with human rights reforms, both legal and institutional. The Programme will

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support this engagement on a broad range of issues that are relevant to the implementation and

enforcement of human rights obligations, with a particular thematic focus on i) the prevention of

torture, GBV and violence against youth and minorities; ii) the support to free and diverse media

among and for youth; and iii) the enhancement of gender equality.

This pathway will target the key stakeholders that are able to influence national governance

structures related to human rights issues. These stakeholders range from NHRIs to ministerial

offices and other public institutions assigned to manage the human rights agenda. The pathway

could also include support to the development of National Human Rights Action Plans,

supporting improvements in human rights monitoring, reporting, and follow-up systems, and

improving access to redress, treatment, and rehabilitation for victims of torture and violence. The

Human Rights Programme will also work to enhance duty bearers’ capacity to promote inclusive

civic spaces and dialogues with various youth organisations and sub-groups.

These actions will be further strengthened through alignment with regional and international

frameworks such as the European Neighbourhood Policy and UN human rights instruments when

opportunities emerge, and through timely engagement with national networks and institutions with

similar objectives to those of DAPP.

Figure 3: Target groups and pathways of change for the Programme on Human Rights

and Inclusion

Rights Holders pathway

CSOs, media outlets, youth movements, journalists, and HROs/HRDs as well as minority groups

(including LGBT+ and faith-based) and youth groups experiencing violations of their human

rights will receive technical support and capacity in areas considered imperative to enhance youth

and civil society role in the human rights system and, when possible, their social contract with duty

bearers . This could include capacity development for improved dialogue, public debates, creation

of civic spaces, and facilitating participation in legislative and policy work on prevention of

violence and torture, gender equality including in political and economic life, and rights of

minorities and marginalised groups.

The rights holders’ pathway will include mobilisation and targeted support to youth groups and

youth movements enabling their participation

in civil society’s engagement with duty bearers on

human rights issues. This will also entail initiatives that engage youth as active citizens and enable

them to advocate for their rights.

Rights holders, and coalitions of these, will further be supported in Universal Periodic Review

(UPR) reporting and/or drafting shadow reports to the treaty bodies. The programme and its

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partners will also support rights holders’ access to EU and UN human rights mechanisms when

this can benefit local work at country level.

Work on instruments relating to the Council of Europe

will be supported, in particular the standard setting Istanbul Convention on Preventing and

Combatting Violence against Women and Domestic Violence. For this work to be efficient, it is

important to act in complementarity with other initiatives and strengthen coordination with these.

Bringing these elements together under a single programme will provide more tools, and more

flexibility, in order for DAPP to act in the volatile environment of the MENA region and

strengthen the effects of the programme.

3.3 Programme interventions

The Human Rights Programme addresses four interlinked outcomes. Considering the needs and

opportunities for programme engagement with rights holders and duty bearers, the overall budget

distribution between these two categories is estimated at 70% for rights holders and 30% for duty

bearers.

Outcome 1: Promotion and protection of Human Rights through a systemic approach

Activities under this outcome will centre on ensuring a systemic approach that supports greater

linkages and facilitates dialogue between all relevant stakeholders in the human rights system. This

includes activities aimed at increasing the space for civil society as well as, wherever possible, at

strengthening the social contract between duty bearers and rights holders. The Programme targets

those stakeholders, with different mandates in the human rights system, who are willing to

contribute to the same objective, namely to protect and promote human rights with an inclusion

of youth. This entails strengthening the capacity of reform agents within authorities that promote

and protect human rights, including minority rights. The focus will be on: i) creating networks and

alliances to enhance reform efforts across human rights areas addressed in this Programme; ii) the

mobilisation of various youth groups and movements; iii) NHRI reporting on human rights; and

iv) strengthening the overall engagement and responsiveness of NHRIs and other public

institutions in dialogues with youth-focused HROs/HRDs and representatives of minority groups.

Implementation of Outcome 1 will involve considerable resources and efforts through the

involvement of a multitude of rights holders (HROs/HRDs, CSOs, youth movements, and

organisations, etc.) and duty bearers (NHRIs and other public institutions including ministries,

government agencies, municipalities, etc.). This implies that the partner(s) will need to work in a

collaborative and integrative manner and that all take active part in implementing the activities in

support of Outcome 1.

Morocco,

constitutional revisions have yet to be translated into the practical administration of

justice. Young generations generally lack avenues for engagement in civic life and in the traditional

political system. The NHRI and human rights reporting have only a limited focus on the inclusion

of youth.

Tunisia,

the traditional NHRI reports infrequently on human rights, including youth. The new

NHRI, as it has been envisioned in the constitution of 2014, is yet to be established. Youth is

subject to arbitrary violence, torture, and corruption. There is limited inclusion of youth from the

most marginalised communities in the civic space.

Egypt,

the human rights record continues to be poor. The NHRI publishes infrequently and

without a specific youth focus. Independent NGOs are struggling to operate amid increasing

Such as bi-lateral subcommittees on human right; the European Parliament sub- committee on human rights; the EU Special

representative on human rights; and EU civil society forums related to the EU’s Neighborhood policy.

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pressure from security forces. There is an intensifying activism among youth outside established

CSOs and structures.

Jordan,

the NHRI publishes infrequently and without a specific youth focus and there is

decreasing space for CSOs to engage with human rights issues. CSOs have limited ability to reach

out to key demographics such as youth, and youth lack incentives to participate in CSO

empowerment projects.

To address the above challenges, the main

pathways

to change will comprise capacity

development and awareness raising within state and national institutions promoting and protecting

human rights for and by youth. This outcome will centre on ensuring a systemic approach across

all outcome areas where the various stakeholders

–

both duty bearers and rights holders

–

operate

in the same sphere for and with youth.

Outcome 2: Prevention of violence and torture

With a focus on youth, interventions will promote legislative reforms as well as strengthen the

capacity of rights holders to engage with duty bearers to plan, implement, monitor, and enforce

preventive measures for violence. Interventions will target the capacity development of duty

bearers to strengthen legal frameworks, initiate necessary reforms, and change practices with the

aim of preventing torture, GBV, and violence against minorities. Furthermore, interventions will

seek to provide space for dialogue between duty bearers and rights holders and to enhance the

ability of civil society to document cases and conduct advocacy on torture prevention, GBV, and

violence against minority groups. Interventions will also seek to ensure redress, rehabilitation, and

treatment for victims of torture and violence.

Morocco,

the practice of torture continues to occur, and victims are not sufficiently

rehabilitated. There are problems of overcrowding in prisons. The GBV law of 2018 is challenged

at the level of practical implementation.

Tunisia,

torture remains a major concern in prisons, and there is insufficient rehabilitation of

victims. GBV is addressed through the adoption of ‘Law 58’ but effective implementation remains

a challenge.

Egypt,

there are concerns about arbitrary arrest and detention, forced disappearances, harsh

prison conditions, and continuing incidences of torture. Domestic violence and sexual harassment

are acute problems and societal resistance and poor law enforcement hinder progress.

Jordan,

torture remains an issue with numerous cases reported. There is an increasing number

of cases of GBV, including domestic violence.

The main

pathways

to change will comprise capacity development of key agents within state

institutions and CSOs to strengthen legal frameworks, consultations, monitoring, reforms, and

practices for the prevention of torture and violence. Through the enhanced participation and

capacity of youth, civil society will engage and work with duty bearers on preventive measures to

torture, GBV, and violence against youth and minority groups. Providing access to redress,

treatment, and rehabilitation for victims of torture and violence is an important pathway to

enhance trust between duty bearers and youth rights holders.

Outcome 3: Strengthening of free, independent, and diverse media

Interventions under this outcome will seek to improve framework conditions for independent

media as well as to ensure the safety of journalists and young media activists. This will be achieved

through dialogue between media outlets, civil society, and government bodies prioritising

mechanisms to advance legal and institutional reforms. Working closely with young journalists, the

capacity of media outlets and the content they produce will be improved. Similarly, the capacity of

media partners to include youth rights holders, particularly from geographically marginalised areas,

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in the public debate and to report on violations of human rights will be strengthened. This includes

issues pertaining to gender equality, torture, GBV as well as LGBT+, FoRB, and other minority

groups.

Morocco,

the state dominates the broadcast media. The independent press enjoys some

freedom when reporting on economic and social policies, but less when reporting on issues

sensitive to the government.

Tunisia,

there is a substantial degree of press freedom and a variety of media outlets in

comparison with the rest of the MENA region. However, journalists are still facing pressure and

intimidation and there are concerns about enhanced political influence on private media outlets.

Egypt,

independent media operates under challenging circumstances. The media sector is

dominated by pro-government outlets while most critical or opposition-oriented outlets have been

shut down. The legal environment threatens press freedom.

Jordan,

the agency of independent media actors is constrained and media laws are restrictive,

vague, and arbitrarily enforced. Journalists frequently practice self-censorship.

The main

pathways

to change towards enhanced independent and diverse media are through legal

and institutional reform, strengthening media outlets, youth movements and youth CSO

participation. The pathway towards free, independent and diverse media involves building the

capacity of a diverse set of media outlets and youth CSOs using media to raise debates on human

rights. To facilitate the pathway towards institutional and legal reform, the programme will support

partnerships and dialogues between media outlets, young journalists, youth movements, youth

activists, CSOs, and duty bearers.

Outcome 4: Improvement of gender equality

Interventions under this outcome will aim at legal and institutional reforms that improve

representation, recognition, and equal access to resources. Capacity development will focus on

enhancing the ability of young rights holders and committed duty bearers to promote, enforce,

monitor, and raise awareness on gender equality and non-discrimination. This includes reinforcing

the capacity of rights holders to advocate duty bearers on legislative reform as well as to monitor

and report on the implementation of legislation. Particular focus will be on i) access to Sexual and

Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR) particularly for youth; ii) equal participation of young

men and women in political life; iii) reducing GBV including prevention of domestic violence and

enhancing the protection of victims of domestic violence; and iv) civic engagement on gender

equality and combatting gender stereotypes, including in the media.

Morocco,

there are important advances in legislative and institutional reforms, yet legal

provisions discriminating against women persist. There are improvements in SRHR, though the

lack of financial resources and geographical disparities hampers access to services. Child marriages

continues to constitute a challenge.

Tunisia,

important advances in legislative and institutional reform regarding gender equality

establish Tunisia as a front-runner in the MENA region. Important achievements notwithstanding,

Tunisia lacks SRHR policies and institutional mechanisms that ensure women and girls’ access to

services and education.

Egypt,

legislative and institutional reforms on gender equality are being implemented, but there

is a persistence of discriminatory laws. Coverage of maternal health services has expanded

substantially, yet serious SRHR issues of concern remain. FGM is prevalent and enjoys wide social

acceptance.

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Jordan,

legislative and institutional reforms on gender equality are being implemented, yet

personal status code and the nationality law remain discriminatory. SRHR for youth is insufficiently

covered in national policy documents.

Core gender equality activities will be conducted under Outcome 4 (further detailed in the results

framework, Annex 2). In addition, gender equality interventions will be included throughout the

Human Rights Prograamme’s Outcomes

1, 2, and 3.

The main

pathways

to change are through strengthening of gender equality legislation and

reforms, as well as the dialogue between rights holders and duty bearers responsible for securing

equality in economic, political, and social rights. Furthermore, the programme will strengthen the

capacity of youth in civil society to participate in government spaces and dialogues on gender

equality legislation and reforms as well as the overall monitoring of and reporting on the

enforcement of legal frameworks. Additionally, strengthening equal participation of young women

and men in political life and public debates and work on SRHR and LGBT+ rights is considered

a critical pathway towards enhanced gender equality.

Key critical assumptions

For the outcomes to be achieved several risks and critical assumptions will have to be addressed

and considered. Contextual, programmatic, and institutional risks are presented in Annex 5. The

main critical assumptions for a successful implementation of the new programme include:



The implementing partner(s) will be able to address all four outcome areas based on

adequate and contextual knowledge and thematic expertise to support relevant partners in

the four countries;



The implementing partner(s) will be able to transmit knowledge and expertise relevant to

the needs and demands of local partners;



The implementing partner(s) has/have extensive experience in managing a programme

with a similar scope and budget;



Political, economic, and social conditions in the DAPP countries are conducive to the

establishment of partnerships between the implementing partner(s) and its local partners;



Rights holders and duty bearers in the DAPP countries have the capacity to absorb and

adequately manage the support from the implementing partner(s);



The implementing partner(s) can build on existing partnerships and established networks.

4 Summary of the results framework

The results framework below presents the programme objective and the four programme

outcomes. The detailed results framework

–

including indicative outputs for each outcome

–

included in Annex 2.

Based on the four pre-determined programme outcomes, the tendering organisation(s) will prepare

a results framework as part of the tender process in which the Tenderer will specify deliverables

at output level and include SMART outcome and output indicators, Means of Verification as well

as detailed baselines and targets. Indicators in the proposed results framework should be

disaggregated in terms of gender, age, and various youth target groups. It is anticipated that the

Tenderer will be able to clearly demonstrate the added value of its expertise, document how it will

transmit this expertise to local partners, and prepare the detailed results framework based on its

key competencies and opportunities to deliver in the DAPP countries. The final results framework

will be approved by the MENA DAPP Team and be part of the agreement with the winning

partner or consortium of partners.

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Programme

Programme Objective

Impact Indicators

Human Rights and Inclusion

Promotion and protection of human rights with a focus on youth

SDG 3.7 By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care

services, including for family planning, information and education, and the integration

of reproductive health into national strategies and programmes.

SDG 5.1 End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere.

SDG 5.2 Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and

private spheres, including trafficking and sexual and other types of exploitation.

SDG 5.5 Ensure women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for

leadership at all levels of decision making in political, economic and public life.

SDG 16.3 Promote the rule of law at the national and international levels and ensure

equal access to justice for all.

SDG 16.10 Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms,

in accordance with national legislation and international agreements.

Promotion and protection of Human Rights through a systemic approach enhanced

Human rights alliances and networks strengthened

Human rights standards enhanced

Inclusive human rights reporting with a focus on youth improved

Capacities of NHRIs and other public institutions to engage and respond to youth-

focus HROs/HRDs enhanced

MoV: Universal Periodic Reviews, human rights situation reports, treaty body

reporting, number and quality of state consultations with relevant youth stakeholders,

etc.

Morocco Some constitutional revisions yet to be translated into changes in the

practical administration of justice. NHRI and human rights reporting with

limited inclusion of youth. Youth lack avenues of engagement in civic life

and in the political system.

Tunisia

The traditional NHRI reports infrequently on human rights, including

youth. The new NHRI, as foreseen in the constitution, has not been

established. Youth subject to arbitrary police violence, torture, and

corruption. Sizeable civic space but with limited inclusion of youth from

the most marginalized communities.

Egypt

Poor human rights record. The NHRI publishes infrequently and without

a specific youth focus. Independent NGOs struggle to operate amid

increasing pressure from security forces. Intensifying activism among

youth outside established organisations and structures.

Jordan

The NHRI publishes infrequently and without a specific youth focus.

Decreasing space for CSOs to engage with human rights issues. CSOs

with limited ability to reach out to key demographics such as youth. Youth

lack incentives to participate in CSO youth empowerment projects.

Morocco

To be determined in the results framework that will be developed by the partner or

Tunisia

consortium of partners as part of the tender proposal. The final results framework will

Egypt

be approved by the MENA DAPP Team and be part of the agreement with the

Jordan

winning partner or consortium of partners.

Prevention of violence and torture

Legislation for the prevention of violence and torture strengthened

Capacities and spaces for dialogue and advocacy on torture prevention strengthened

Prevention of GBV and violence against youth and minority groups enhanced

Access to redress, rehabilitation, and treatment of victims of torture and violence

improved

MoV: Universal Periodic Reviews, Human Rights situation reports, civil society reports

on evidence-based cases, number and quality of spaces and dialogues, etc.

Baseline

Year

2022

Morocco

The practice of torture continues to occur and victims are not sufficiently

rehabilitated. Problem of overcrowding in prisons. Law on GBV adopted

Outcome 1

Outcome indicators

Baseline

Year

2022

Target

Year

2027

Outcome 2

Outcome indicators

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in 2018 but challenged in terms of practical implementation. Youth

vulnerability to violent extremism and radicalisation present.

Torture remains a major concern in prisons with insufficient

rehabilitation of victims. GBV addressed through adoption of so-called

‘Law 58’ but comprehensive implementation is not yet ensured.

Radicalisation targeting youth is particularly present in the country’s

southern regions.

Forced disappearances, torture, harsh and life-threatening prison

conditions, and arbitrary arrest and detention are prevalent. Domestic

violence and sexual harassment are acute problems. Societal resistance

and poor enforcement hinder progress. Prisons continue to be a fertile

environment for terrorist recruitment and radicalisation.

Torture remains an issue with numerous cases reported. Increasing cases

of GBV, including domestic violence. Existing youth vulnerability to

radicalisation due to political and economic pressures.

To be determined in the results framework that will be developed by the partner or

consortium of partners as part of the tender proposal. The final results framework will

be approved by the MENA DAPP Team and be part of the agreement with the

winning partner or consortium of partners.

Tunisia

Egypt

Jordan

Target

Year

2027

Morocco

Tunisia

Egypt

Jordan

Outcome 3

Outcome indicators

Strengthening of free, independent, and diverse media

Framework conditions for independent media and protection of young journalists

enhanced

Capacity of youth-driven media outlets strengthened

Inclusion of youth in the public debate strengthened

Media reporting on human rights violations against youth enhanced

MoV: Universal Periodic Reviews, Human Rights situation reports, diversity of media

stories, quotations in national/international media outlets, etc.

Baseline

Year

2022

Morocco

The state dominates the broadcast media. The independent press enjoys

some freedom when reporting on economic and social policies but less

on issues specific to red lines.

Substantial degree of press freedom and a variety of media outlets in

comparison with rest of the MENA region. Journalists reports facing

pressure and intimidation from government officials. Concerns about

enhanced political influence over private media outlets.

Independent media operates in a repressive context. The media sector is

dominated by pro-government outlets while most critical or opposition-

oriented outlets have been shut down. The legal environment threatens

press freedom.

The agency of independent media actors is significantly constrained.

Media laws are restrictive, vague, and arbitrarily enforced while journalists

frequently practice self-censorship.

To be determined in the results framework that will be developed by the partner or

consortium of partners as part of the tender proposal. The final results framework will

be approved by the MENA DAPP Team and be part of the agreement with the

winning partner or consortium of partners.

Tunisia

Egypt

Jordan

Target

Year

2027

Morocco

Tunisia

Egypt

Jordan

Outcome 4

Outcome indicators

Improvement of gender equality

Legislation addressing representation, recognition, and equal access to resources

strengthened

Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR) enhanced

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GBV reduced (including prevention of domestic violence) and protection of victims

of violence enhanced

Equal participation of young men and women in political life enhanced

Civic engagement on gender equality and combatting gender stereotypes, including in

the media enhanced

MoV: Universal Periodic Reviews, Human Rights situation reports, national statistics,

civil society reports and evidence-based studies, etc.

Baseline

Year

2022

Morocco

Important advances in legislative and institutional reforms, yet legal

provisions discriminating against women persist e.g. in the family law (last

revised in 2004) and in the penal code while implementation lags behind.

Improvements in SRHR but lack of financial resources and geographical

disparities in relation to access to services. Child marriages remain a

challenge in Morocco.

Important advances in legislative and institutional reform regarding

gender equality make Tunisia a front-runner in the MENA region. CSOs

focus on maintaining rather than expanding results. Tunisia lacks SRHR

policies and institutional mechanisms that ensure broad access to services

and education.

Legislative and institutional reforms implemented, but persistence of

discriminatory laws. Coverage of maternal health services has expanded

substantially, yet serious SRHR issues of concern remain. Female genital

mutilation (FGM) prevalent and enjoys wide social acceptance.

Legislative and institutional reforms implemented, yet personal status

code and the nationality law remain discriminatory. SRHR for youth

insufficiently covered in national policy documents.

To be determined in the results framework that will be developed by the partner or

consortium of partners as part of the tender proposal. The final results framework will

be approved by the MENA DAPP Team and be part of the agreement with the

winning partner or consortium of partners.

Tunisia

Egypt

Jordan

Target

Year

2027

Morocco

Tunisia

Egypt

Jordan

5 Budget

The budget for each outcome is presented in the table below.

Outcomes

Outcome 1: Systemic Approach to Human Rights

Outcome 2: Prevention of Violence and Torture

Outcome 3: Free, Independent, and Diverse Media

Outcome 4: Gender Equality

Special Support Budget

Acceleration Funds (including pilot activities in Algeria,

if feasible)

Programme Secretariat

TOTAL

2022

Budget (DKK million)

2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 TOTAL

13 19,5 32,5

101,5 114,5

460

A budget line for

Special Support

is included to cater for specific and targeted interventions by

Danish NGOs or other specialised entities with expertise and experience, beyond those of the lead

partner or the consortium partners, needed to fulfil the outcomes. The implementing partner(s)

will manage the Special Support for smaller project-based interventions. Interventions are subject

to no-objection from the MENA DAPP Team.

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In line with the adaptive approach of DDD, DKK 65 million have been allocated to an

Acceleration Fund.

Successful engagements under the outcomes with potential scaling will

benefit from this allocation. Programme reviews will provide input to the decision of the MENA

DAPP Team on how these funds will be allocated. Activities in Algeria may also be considered for

acceleration funding.

The

Programme Secretariat

(see section 6.2) will support the financial management of the

Programme according to MFA guidelines as well as be responsible for programme monitoring,

reporting, and communication. The budget for the Programme Secretariat will cover salaries, office

space, IT, travel, etc.

Annex 3 includes the outcome-based budget. A detailed output-based budget will be prepared by

the implementing partner(s). It is foreseen that the budget allocated to the respective four DAPP

countries will vary. All budgets prepared by the three projects will include a split between the four

DAPP countries for approval by the MENA DAPP Team. Options for a potential expansion of

activities to Algeria will be decided during the inception phase. In support of a systemic approach

at the national level, a maximum of 10% of the budget may be earmarked for regional activities.

Beyond the budget available at programme level, a budget line for innovation is available at DAPP

level. Detailed procedures for how these funds will be activated are to be developed in the

inception phase.

6 Implementation and management arrangements

6.1 Programme partners

The Human Rights Programme will be tendered through an open tender procedure similar to the

tender for engagements under the previous DAPP and implemented by a partner or a consortium

of partners. Hence, the partner(s) will not be known until after completion of the tender.

The partner(s) are expected to have extensive knowledge and experiences in addressing the areas

of intervention under each of the four outcome areas. The partner(s) will identify suitable local

partners in the four countries of cooperation and in partnerships deliver according to the agreed

results framework. The partner(s) will be civil society organisation(s) and/or other independent

state-funded institution(s). The partner(s) will be expected to have physical and lasting

representations in the four countries.

6.2 Organisational set-up

A lesson from the DAPP 2017-2022 is a need for better coordination among involved partners in

the management of a programme with multiple stakeholders. In the design of the new programme,

steps have been taken to strengthen coordination.

The programme will be managed and implemented by a partner or a consortium of partners

winning the tender.

All single Tenderers shall propose a suitable management set-up in Denmark as well as in the four

countries in their tender proposal.

All tendering Consortia shall propose a suitable management set-up in Denmark as well as in the

four countries in their tender proposal based on the following guiding principles:

Consortium Agreement

will formalise cooperation between the participating organisational

entities and is to be included in the tender proposal. The agreement shall outline the mutual

obligations and decision-making structure between the Consortium partners. They are expected to

establish a

Programme Management Team

(or similar) with representatives from each

organisational entity and headed by a

Team Leader,

appointed by the implementing partners. The

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Programme Management Team will be collectively responsible for overall programme decisions

and strategic dialogue with MENA.

Figure 4: Programme organisation for the Programme on Human Rights and Inclusion

The implementing partners will be expected to establish a

Programme Secretariat

and will

propose a suitable management set-up in the tender proposal. The Secretariat will be in

Copenhagen while the implementing partner(s) awarded the tender will have a physical presence

in each of the four DAPP countries.

The Programme Secretariat will be led by the

Team Leader,

who will represent the Consortium

in all operational relations and contractual obligations to MENA, which includes compliance with

MFA rules and procedures on e.g. financial management, anti-corruption, safety and safeguarding,

PSEAH, etc. The implementing partners must further appoint or recruit a Programme

Coordinator (subject to a no-objection from MENA), a Monitoring Officer, and a Controller as

Programme Secretariat staff.

The

Programme Coordinator

will facilitate and coordinate the overall programme management

and ensure that the Consortium partners prepare and plan, implement, and report against the same

formats and procedures. She/he will ensure collaboration between Consortium partners, facilitate

learning, synergy, and adaptive management and be responsible for compiling and managing all

required reporting to MFA. The

Monitoring Officer

will be responsible for i) the programme

monitoring system with inputs to be provided by the Consortium partners; and ii) liaising with the

MEAL Unit. The

Controller

will be in charge of i) financial management and accounting of the

programme, including the Special Support Budget and the Acceleration Budget, according to MFA

Guidelines; and ii) liaising with controllers from the participating organisational entities and

facilitating joint annual financial reports to MENA.

Besides ensuring proper management of the implementation of the Human Rights Programme,

the Secretariat will also assist the Programme Management Team and serve as a link between the

implementing partners and the third party monitoring (MEAL Unit) to be engaged directly under

the MENA DAPP Team, cf. Section 6.3.

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As such key tasks of the Programme Secretariat will be:



Harmonisation and streamlining of the monitoring set-up between the four outcomes;

Coordinating M&E data collection between the four outcomes;

Linkages to strategic MEAL Unit (c.f. section 6.3);

Streamline reporting to MENA DAPP Team;

Dialogue with MENA DAPP Team and Embassies;

Secretariat for the Programme Management Team;

Advise and support to streamline financial management arrangements to MFA

requirements;

Convene space for coordination across countries.

The implementing partners will be responsible for staffing the Secretariat appropriately and will

propose a suitable management set-up in the tender proposal. The Secretariat will be in

Copenhagen while the implementing partner(s) (single partner or consortium of partners) awarded

the tender for the Human Rights Programme will have a physical presence in each of the four

DAPP countries.

Special Support Budget

is included to cater for specific and targeted interventions by NGOs

or other specialised entities, which are outside of the capacity of the implementing partner or

consortium of partners. The implementing partner(s) (if in a consortium, through its Programme

Secretariat), will manage the Special Support Budget for smaller project-based interventions

subject to a no-objection from the MENA department. In order to quality for special support

funds, partners must justify the need for specific expertise, and demonstrate that the expertise is

beyond the capacity of the partners, in order to implement specific activities. The implementing

partner(s) will also be required to specify which outcomes and outputs the specialised NGOs will

be contributing to and how much funding will be allocated to each of them. Furthermore, MoUs

for each proposed partnership between the implementing partner(s) and specialised NGOs must

be included in the tender material.

The budget likewise includes

Acceleration funds

to support the upscaling and acceleration of

successful initiatives and activities under the programme. The implementing partner(s) will manage

these funds, which will be allocated based on decisions made by the MENA DAPP Team after an

annual stocktaking in 2023 and a mid-term review in 2024. To qualify as a recipient for acceleration

funds, the implementing partner(s) must provide an initial justification that demonstrates the

success of the initiative and why it is likely to benefit from the acceleration funding, and if relevant

backed up by a proposed change to the results framework and Theory of Change of the

programme to accommodate the effects of upscaling and acceleration at the output level.

Furthermore, the implementing partner(s) must submit a brief project description and a budget to

receive a ‘no objection’ from

the MENA DAPP Team. No objections will consider the partner

level of financial execution, progress in terms of results, and overall absorption and financial

management capacity.

Youth Sounding Board (YSB)

will be established in each of the four DAPP countries. The

YSB is a group of young people who will function as a consultative group with the purpose of

safeguarding and strengthening young people’s voice and perspective in relation to policy,

implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. The YSBs will provide their views on the design of

specific interventions to ultimately ensure a better programme. During the inception phase, the

MENA DAPP Team will in consultations with the Embassies and the MEAL Unit facilitate the

set-up of YSBs and identification of relevant candidates.

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6.3 Monitoring, evaluation, accountability, and learning

DAPP will be monitored according to Monitoring, Evaluation, Accountability, and Learning

(MEAL) principles,

and the MENA DAPP Team will have the overall responsibility for

maintaining a comprehensive overview of the progress towards achieving outcomes and impacts

of DAPP.

Monitoring at the Human Rights Programme level

Results-based monitoring at programme level will provide the information needed to assess

whether programme performance is as expected. It entails measuring progress towards achieving

outputs and outcomes. It will include the compilation, assessment, and presentation of monitoring

information according to the agreed results-based frameworks and SMART indicators defined for

the programmes.

The DDD approach entails a programme design with space for adaptive and iterative learning

processes leading to adjustment of the intervention logic over time. A fundamental basis for

succeeding with this approach is that implementing partners have analytical capacity and a strong

and well-functioning MEAL system capable of collecting data, tracking results and accumulate

learning. The detailed methodologies for implementing MEAL by partner organisations at the

programme level will be developed as part of the tender proposals (programme results-based

monitoring) and further refined during the six months inception phase. The partner(s) will be

responsible for compliance of all MFA strategies and requirements on fraud and anti-corruption,

safety and safeguarding, PSEAH, etc. The level and quality of all reporting to MFA will follow the

requirements outlined in the AMGs and follow the DDD principles.

If in a consortium, programme results-based monitoring will be implemented by the Programme

Secretariat. If in a consortium, each implementing partner is responsible for reporting on the

results frameworks of their respective projects based on collecting, validating, analysing, and

reporting data and evidence of results from their partnerships and activities in the DAPP countries.

The Programme Secretariat will ensure that each implementing partner prepares plans, implements

and reports against the same monitoring and reporting formats. The Programme Secretariat will

also facilitate and coordinate the collaboration between the partners and act as secretary of the

Programme Management Team. The Monitoring officer in the Programme Secretariat will be

responsible for compiling and formatting inputs from the partners’

monitoring officers. The

Programme Secretariat will facilitate consolidated annual programme progress reports, work plans,

and other relevant reporting to the MENA DAPP Team.

The partner(s) will also prepare a plan for the communication of results including to a broader

audience.

MEAL at the strategic DAPP level

The MENA DAPP Team and an externally recruited MEAL Unit will together be responsible for

MEAL at the strategic DAPP level. The MEAL Unit will be a crucial link between the

implementation level on the ground by partner organisations and the DAPP MENA

Team’s

oversight function. It will have a full-time presence in the region, with two field offices in Amman

(Jordan) and Tunis (Tunisia), to undertake third party monitoring in all DAPP countries, focusing

on quality assurance as well as strategic and impact monitoring for both programmes (Youth

Employment and Human Rights). The MEAL Unit will also provide relevant input in terms of the

adaptive approach of the programme as the MEAL Unit will have a more holistic overview of the

programme and can provide input in terms of how the different interventions might be adjusted

These five principles include (1) tracking real-time progress, (2) continuous learning and identifying needs for

adjustments, (3) ensuring the information exists for adaptive management, (4) documenting unintended effects, both

positive and negative, and (5) assessing real impact on the ground.

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for better results or greater impact. Further details on the MEAL Unit are provided in the Strategic

Framework Document (section 5.2).

7 Financial management, planning, and reporting

7.1 Financial management

Management of the Danish funds will be undertaken by the partners in accordance with MFA’s

Financial Management Guideline for Development Cooperation:

https://amg.um.dk/en/tools/financial-management/accounting-and-auditing/

The partner(s) will sign a contract with the MFA and be responsible for all financial planning and

management according to MFA Guidelines including e.g. procurement, work planning, narrative

financial progress reporting, accounting, and auditing.

The partner(s) will be responsible for all financial management including funds allocated from the

Special Support and Acceleration Fund. Allocation from these budgets will be subject to a no-

objection from the MENA Department.

The Programme Secretariat will assist the partner(s) in preparing annual programme financial

management report to the MFA.

7.1.1 Disbursement & accounting

Funds will be disbursed by MFA directly to the lead partner based on annual budgets and work

plans. Funding requests will be in accordance with the MFA guidelines and will be submitted

before any disbursements are carried out.

The lead partner will establish designated bank accounts for the MFA funds. Procedures regarding

cash handling, approval of expenditures, reporting, budget control and other internal control,

including control of assets (fixed assets, stores, debtors and cash) shall be based on sound financial

management procedures and International Accepted Accounting Standards.

7.1.2 Audits

The partners are audited on an annual basis. The audit period follows the calendar year. Audits

shall be carried out as a stand-alone or special purpose audit i.e. covering only income and

expenditure for the particular activities funded through DAPP. The audits will be conducted in

accordance with International Standards of Auditing (ISA) and should include elements of

compliance and performance audit. The audit report shall include a management letter/report.

It is the responsibility of the Team Leader to ensure that any sub-grantees and sub-contractors are

audited on an annual basis, that the audit reports are received timely and that these reports are

consolidated into the overall audit reports. The Team Leader shall ensure that any material issues

raised in the auditor’s report

are followed up on in a timely and appropriate manner and that

necessary actions taken. The MENA DAPP Team reserves the right to claim full reimbursement

of expenditure regarded as ineligible according to the agreement between the parties. The

accounting documentation shall at any time be available for scrutiny by the MFA and the Danish

Auditor General.

7.1.3 Anti-corruption

Upon suspicion or awareness of specific cases of corruption involving staff members and/or

implementing partners, the implementing partner is obliged to notify the Team Leader, who is

obliged to immediately notify the MFA’s MENA

Department in accordance with the Anti-

Corruption Policy of the Danish Ministry for Foreign Affairs (“Zero tolerance”).

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The below standard corruption clause applies between the parties of this Programme and should

be inserted in agreements signed with sub-partners:

Corruption Clause:

No offer, payment, consideration or benefit of any kind, which could be regarded as an

illegal or corrupt practise, shall be made, promised, sought or accepted

–

neither directly nor indirectly

–

as an

inducement or reward in relation to activities funded under this agreement, incl. tendering, award or execution of

contracts. Any such practise will be grounds for the immediate cancellation of this agreement and for such additional

action, civil and/or criminal, as may be appropriate. At the discretion of the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs,

a further consequence of any such practise can be the definite exclusion from any tendering for projects or other funding

from the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

7.2 Reporting

The partner or consortium of partners will produce yearly progress reports (narrative and

financial). If the tender is awarded to a consortium of partners, the Programme Secretariat will

prepare and submit annual progress reports and work plans to the MENA DAPP Team. The

following shall be addressed in the narrative reporting:



An assessment of developments in the contextual framework during the past year and how

they specifically relate to, affect, and are affected by Programme outcomes/outputs;

Implementation of the work plan and budget based on output targets for the reporting

period, including brief explanations of challenges encountered and deviations from

targets/milestones and how these have been assessed and handled;

Progress to date compared to output and outcome targets for the entire programme period

as stipulated in the results framework (mainly annual reports);

An analysis of risks, including both reflection on the reporting period and the upcoming

reporting period;

Challenges encountered and specification of recommended changes and adjustments

(including budget re-allocations) for approval by the relevant authorities;

Update on implementation of decisions, follow up on recommendations from reviews,

audits, monitoring visits, etc.

Financial reporting shall as a minimum include:



The same level of detail as the approved output-based budget;

Budget figures, actual spending and variance for the period under reporting and for the

entire engagement period;

A listing of funds received during the period and accumulated;

Explanations of deviations and any budget reallocations within the period, including details

on the written approval of the reallocation/adjustment.

Monitoring, meetings and reviews:

The MFA is entitled to carry out technical and/or financial

missions, reviews, evaluations and audits during the grant period either themselves or through the

third-party monitoring contract. The annual progress reporting and documentation on monitoring

and evaluation will be the basis for continued support and development of new work plans, as well

as for continuous assessment of and adjustments to risks. Through the MEAL Unit, the MENA

DAPP Team will facilitate coordination, learning and synergies across the programmes. A number

of reviews are foreseen as input to the management of the programme:



An inception review after six months to assess the start-up process and the result

frameworks established and to possibly adjust indicators, baseline values, etc.;

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

An annual stocktaking in 2023 and in 2026 to assess progress. The annual stocktaking in

2023 will furthermore provide recommendations related to the potential use of the

Acceleration Funds;

A mid-term review (MTR) in 2024 to assist in planning the second half of the programme

period and adapt the programme to changing circumstances. The MTR will have a

particular focus on emerging opportunities for scaling synergies on human rights and

business interventions between the Youth Employment Programme and the Human

Rights Programme, and provide recommendations related to the potential use of the

Acceleration Funds.

8 Risk management

DAPP operates in a high-risk environment and implementation is likely to be affected by the

fragile political, security, and economic situation in the region.

The worldwide COVID-19 pandemic will most likely continue to affect countries, societies, and

communities in the region, including the four intervention countries, for the foreseeable future.

The pandemic is a risk factor for the overall implementation of the programme. However, the

previous DAPP 2017-2022 has demonstrated flexibility and capacity to adapt and address such

risk factors.

The tendering partners for the new programme will provide an overall risk management

framework for all risk management and mitigation measures including how the partners will

address current and possible new risks that have emerged after the tender.

Despite differences in the level of risk in the DAPP countries, some of the main contextual,

programmatic, and institutional risks

–

some of which are naturally interlinked

–

include the

following:

Contextual risks:

Contextual risks include worsening economic situations and political

destabilisation in one or more DAPP countries. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic represents

a significant contextual risk as it is leading to economic recession, causing higher levels of

unemployment, and consequently increasing the likelihood for unrest.

The risk that a worsening economic situation and further polarisation of wealth will lead to

increased poverty and migration is present in all four DAPP countries. Economic crises will make

the prospect for private sector-led growth and entrepreneurship difficult.

Politically, the risk of decreasing political stability is considered likely, which could lead to stalling

constitutional, legal, and political reforms. While the overall political context remains relatively

stable, all four DAPP countries can be considered prone to destabilisation. Worst case scenarios

could lead to a phase out of a DAPP focus country, although this is considered unlikely.

Programmatic risks:

Key risks at the programmatic level relate to securing an enabling

environment for civil society and HROs/HRDs. Programme partners might experience a

narrowing space for civil society as well as a continued tightening of control due to security

concerns and public discontent, as also experienced in some countries during the previous DAPP

phase.

Institutional risks:

A likely institutional risk is the loss of human resource capacities following a

high turnover of partner organisations’ key staff, which has been experienced in earlier

programme

phases. Earlier phases have also experienced challenges related to the effective cooperation among

consortium partners, which has hampered an efficient programme implementation. A repetition

of this scenario is considered unlikely as there is a strong focus on ensuring an appropriate

organisational set-up in a new management structure.

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The partner(s) are expected to present a detailed Risk Management Framework. The risk matrix

in Annex 5 further details risks and mitigating measures.

9 Closure

As the programme is a fixed five-year programme, the partner(s) will, as part of the inception

phase, prepare outlines for exit strategies with all chosen partners in the four intervention

countries. Partners and programme sustainability will be subject to monitoring and reporting on

an annual basis.

Overall, a key feature of DAPP is the facilitation of partnerships between implementing partners

and organisations in the DAPP countries. Lasting partnerships are expected to be built, which will

also contribute to strengthened capacity of local partners to continue activities post-DAPP.

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Annex 1

–

Programme context

Reference is made to Annex 1 in the Strategic Framework Document, which includes a full standard Annex 1

with a detailed context analysis. Here, only key information related to the human rights and inclusion agenda in the

four countries is included.

Over the course of the last two decades,

Morocco

has taken several steps to bring the country in

line with international human rights and gender equality standards. A process of revision of the

Constitution was initiated in 2011, introducing a number of rights. This was followed by the

adoption of a new migrant policy in 2013 and the ratification of the UN Optional Protocol to the

Convention Against Torture in 2014. The National Human Rights Institution, CNDH, was

designated as the National Preventive Mechanism in 2018. Morocco also participated in launching

the Convention against Torture Initiative aimed at achieving universal ratification and

implementation of the convention by 2024. However, while reported by authorities not to be

systematic torture continues to occur. Similarly, press freedom remains a concern in Morocco,

which ranks 133 of 180 in the 2020 World Press Freedom Index. In terms of gender equality,

recent reforms include the adoption of the law on domestic workers in 2017 and the adoption of

a law on GBV in 2018. Nevertheless, despite these and other legislative improvements,

discriminatory provisions continue to exist and the implementation of the laws is lagging behind,

as are societal norms, making realities on the ground less promising. Morocco has a low score on

several gender related parameters, also by MENA standards, and ranks 143 of 153 in the 2020

Global Gender Gap Index. Indeed, only 21% of women are (formally) working, illiteracy remains

higher among women, and more than half of women are victims of violence. Furthermore,

important SRHR inequalities exist, although Morocco has improved access to contraceptives and

reduced maternal and infant mortality, namely in urban areas.

In terms of Freedom of religion or belief (FoRB), the Moroccan Constitution states that Islam is

the state religion and guarantees freedom of religion. Morocco has ratified the International

Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) with no reservations to art. 18 and 20 that protect

freedom of religion or belief. However, faith-based minorities practice their faith discretely due to

fear of societal harassment.

As regards inclusion and participation of youth, which make up one third of Morocco’s population,

they lack avenues of engagement in civic life and in the traditional political system. Less than 1%

of youth are active in political parties and trade unions, both of which are perceived by youth as

opaque, undemocratic and inaccessible. Large and established CSOs do not generally appeal to

youth, given that many of them do not enjoy legitimacy among youth or do not focus on issues or

key interests of youth. Instead, youth are participating in civic life through other means, notably

social media.

Compared to the high spirits of

Tunisia’s

post-revolution years after 2011, the human rights

situation has developed in an uneven, and at times deteriorating, manner. The new constitution of

2014 manifested Tunisia’s role as a regional role model, not least paving the way for a constitutional

court and a range of independent instances to oversee rights and liberties, including a new NHRI.

However, several of these important legal advances are yet to be implemented in practice. Civil

society has experienced increasing pressures on freedom of expression, equal access to justice, and

socio-economic rights, all of which conjures with a general strengthening of socio-conservative

political actors and distrust in and across the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of

government.

Tunisia’s advances in the realm of gender

equality are unquestionably notable when compared to

other countries of the MENA region. As a case in point, Tunisian women are among the few in

the region not targeted by national laws that restrict their access to land and water. Among recent

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examples

of legal progress on gender equality is ‘Law 58’ aiming at ending violence against women

–

a widespread problem, as around half of Tunisian women between the ages of 18 and 64 report

having experienced violence at one point in their lives. Important capacities notwithstanding,

Tunisia lacks policies and institutional mechanisms that ensure broad access to SRHR services and

education. Scepticism of gender activists and CSOs in particular is a key element of the socio-

conservative agenda of certain political actors, also fuelling negative political campaigns against

LGBT+ communities, whose members are often subject to arbitrary police arrests and violence.

In its last UPR in 2017, Tunisia accepted 189 of 248 recommendations, which amongst other

things pointed to limitations in reforms of the judicial system and the combatting of torture, the

establishment of constitutional bodies, corruption, reducing extreme poverty and raising

employability, and the development of national human rights policies across sectors such as

education, health, and the environment.

Even if Tunisia remains a country with a sizeable civic space and a vocal and mature civil society,

many well-established CSOs have experienced limitations in their ability to create networks among

youth from the most marginalized communities. Consequently, while traditional civil society actors

have proven their capability of forming new ties across the country, the situation reflects the

demand for HROs and HRDs to work more actively to ensure a broad and meaningful outreach

to various youth groups.

The Tunisian Constitution guarantees freedom of religion or belief, and Tunisia has ratified ICCPR

with no reservations to art. 18 and 20. The Tunisian state has been more tolerant towards faith-

based minorities since the revolution of 2011. However, discrimination against Christians is often

hidden from the public as some report facing societal pressure, also from within their families.

Observers note that

Egypt

has a poor human rights record. Civil society actors have reported on

a number of issues of concern that include

–

but are not limited to

–

torture, arbitrary detention,

interference with privacy, undue restrictions on freedom of expression and interference with the

rights of peaceful assembly and freedom of association. Other human rights issues reported

include use of the law and violence to target minority groups and forced or compulsory child

labour. In many cases, authorities have not comprehensively investigated allegations of human

rights abuses, including incidents of violence by security forces, contributing to an environment

of impunity. Authorities reportedly maintain tight control over registration and financing of NGOs

and have imposed restrictions on political participation and peaceful assembly, thereby curtailing

the space for civil society. Human rights lawyers and defenders reportedly continue to face

detention without trials while journalists, bloggers, and critics on social media have been silenced

amid the escalating use of the 2018 cybercrimes law. Hundreds of news and human rights websites

have been blocked since 2017. The number of imprisoned journalists in the country remains very

high according to human rights groups. Most media outlets in Egypt are pro-government while a

number of critical or opposition-leaning outlets have been shut down. Egypt ranked 166 out of

180 in the 2020 World Press Freedom Index. In recent years, a number of private television

channels and newspapers have been launched or acquired by pro-establishment businessmen and

individuals with ties to the military and intelligence services. Journalists who fail to align their

reporting with the interests of owners of these outlets or the government risk dismissal.

Gender equality activists have recently experienced an uptick in arrests and prosecutions on the

basis of vague charges of violating “public morals” and “undermining family values”. While Egypt

has achieved a significant improvement in matters related to maternal health, including important

progress in ensuring widespread access to reproductive health services, serious SRHR issues

remain of concern. FGM is still a prevalent practice in Egypt that receives wide social acceptance.

A 2014 survey found that 92% of ever-married women (age 15-49) and 61% of girls (age 15-17)

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had been circumcised. The majority of FGM cases had been performed by medical doctors, which

constitutes a key hurdle to ending FGM in Egypt.

Egypt was reviewed by the UPR in 2019, accepting 294 out of 372 recommendations, the bulk of

which pertained to the legal and general framework of implementation issues, civil and political

rights as well as women’s rights.

Well established, independent domestic human rights NGOs struggle to operate amid increasing

pressure from security forces, which further limits civil society’s outreach to various youth groups.

At the same time, the restrictive environment have increasingly encouraged very loosely organised

civic activity, on what resembles an underground basis. Emerging student and youth groups,

professional associations and workers have been more active as they lose hope in the formal

political opposition. Alternative forms of activism have intensified, such as petitions, strikes,

assemblies, sit-ins, campus protests, and some momentary eruptions of citizen anger in response

to killings perpetrated by the security services.

The Egyptian Constitution guarantees the freedom to practice the three Abrahamic religions, and

Egypt has ratified the ICCPR with no reservations to art. 18 and 20. The Egyptian penal code

explicitly outlaws blasphemy and blasphemy cases have been increasing since 2011. Christians

reportedly face discrimination and are particularly vulnerable to threats from extremist groups.

Jordan

continues to prioritise security concerns and maintaining stability in the midst of an

economic downturn. With the added weight of the COVID-19 pandemic, progress in human

rights has been limited in recent years. Torture remains an issue, and CSOs have reported

numerous cases of abuse and inhumane treatment by the authorities in detention and correctional

facilities while the lockdown has reportedly caused an increase in GBV and child labour. The

activation of the 2020 Defense Law and the subsequent issuance of numerous Defence Orders led

to the curtailment of personal freedoms and at times reportedly served as justification for

clampdowns and censorship of civil society actors. Over the course of last year, gag orders were

issued to the media on several occasions. Prominent media executives, journalists and cartoonists

have been arrested and, while they were later released, this has likely reinforced self-censorship in

the media.

Jordan ranked 128 out of 153 in the 2020 Global Gender Gap report. While women have equal

political rights, cultural norms remain an obstacle to full participation. In other areas, women face

discrimination both in law and in practice. This includes the inability of women to pass citizenship

on to their children and women’s unequal access to property under Sharia-based

inheritance rules.

Discrimination against LGBT+ people is prevalent in society and includes the threat of violence

although consensual same-sex sexual activity is not specifically prohibited by law. During COVID-

19 related lockdowns, women and girls faced significant challenges in accessing SRHR services.

In its most recent UPR of 2018, Jordan supported 149 out of 226 recommendations. Most of the

supported recommendations pertained to the legal and general framework of implementation, civil

and political rights and women’s rights.

In response to growing conservatism among youth and multiple waves of protests since 2011,

including a surge of protests by youth-led activist movements after 2018, the Jordanian state has

worked hard to establish and enforce red lines in order to rein in the potential impact of unified

protests across the country. This has had a negative influence on CSOs, including their ability to

reach out to various youth groups. Key challenges include the imposition of limitations on

receiving foreign and domestic funding and restrictions on the freedom of assembly. Despite this,

the number of CSOs has increased noticeably over the last years, particularly after the Syrian

refugee crisis, reaching 6136 CSOs and 1180 NGOs registered in 2018. Syrian refugees are mainly

present in the Northern and Middle regions of Jordan, giving CSOs in these areas an advantage in

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terms of access to resources compared to this in the South. This presents a barrier to reaching

youth in marginalised areas. In addition to these constraining factors, there are many challenges

that hinder genuine youth participation in civil society activities. While youth are often the

beneficiaries of government and civil society programmes, they are rarely engaged as partners in

organising activities for youth and lack incentives to participate in CSO empowerment projects.

The lack of access to safe spaces prevents youth from being able to freely express opinions.

The Jordanian constitution declares that Islam is the religion of the state. Citizens are free to

exercise all forms of religious rites and worship and Jordan has ratified the ICCPR with no

reservations to art. 18 and 20. While Jordan has relatively moderate blasphemy laws, blasphemy is

still punishable with a prison term. Christians reportedly face discrimination.

List the key documentation and sources used for the analysis:

Arab Sustainable Development Report 2020:

https://www.unescwa.org/publications/arab-sustainable-development-report-2020

UN OHCHR. Universal Periodic Reviews: https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/UPR/Pages/UPRMain.aspx

Morocco - United States Department of State Country reports on Human rights practices

WEF_GGGR_2020.pdf (weforum.org)ECFR

–

Caught in Transition: Tunisia’s

Protests and the Threat of Repression:

https://ecfr.eu/article/caught-in-transition-tunisias-protests-and-the-threat-of-repression/

Women

Tunisia

passes

historic

law

end

violence

against

women

and

girls:

https://www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2017/8/news-tunisia-law-on-ending-violence-against-women

HRW - Tunisia: Police Arrest, Use Violence Against LGBTI Activists:

https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/02/23/tunisia-police-arrest-use-

violence-against-lgbti-activists

UNDP/Inclusive Security

–

Beyond Revolution: How Women Influenced Constitution Making in Tunisia:

https://www.inclusivesecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Beyond-Revolution_Constitution-Making-in-Tunisia.pdf

EU external financing instruments and the post-2020 architecture: European Implementation Assessment:

https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document.html?reference=EPRS_STU(2018)615636

Women.

Egypt:

Gender

Justice

and

the

Law:

https://www2.unwomen.org/-

/media/field%20office%20arab%20states/attachments/publications/2018/gender%20justices%20and%20the%20law%20in%20the%20

arab%20region/country%20summaries/egypt%20country%20summary%20-%20english.pdf?la=en&vs=1857

EU Delegation to Jordan. EU country roadmap for engagement with civil society in Jordan.

Women.

Jordan:

Gender

Justice

and

the

Law:

https://www2.unwomen.org/-

/media/field%20office%20arab%20states/attachments/publications/2018/gender%20justices%20and%20the%20law%20in%20the%20

arab%20region/country%20assessments/jordan%20country%20assessment%20-%20english.pdf?la=en&vs=501

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Annex 1a

–

Update on the context in Tunisia

Tunisia’s political situation as of

September 2021 and its impact on DAPP

On 25 July 2021, widespread demonstrations took place across Tunisia to protest against the

government’s poor handling of the COVID-19

crisis as well as the dire economic situation. The

protests called for the government to be dissolved. Tunisia’s President Saied invoked Article 80 of

the Constitution and took executive control, citing an imminent threat to the Tunisian State. He

dismissed the Prime Minister (supported by the Islamist Ennahdha party), suspended the

parliament, and lifted immunity for all parliamentarians, citing the need to address widespread

corruption amongst MPs. In September, the President further suspended certain parts of the

Constitution. To underpin his executive control, the President appointed himself head of Public

Prosecution, a former national security advisor as new Minister of Interior and the head of the

presidential guard as the Acting Minister of Interior. In achieving and maintaining this temporary

political arrangement, the President is heavily reliant on the police and the military. Although the

President has not made an official statement on the length of such emergency measures, the Office

of the President has informed that the current arrangement will last until further notice. A road

map towards either new elections and a new parliament or a proposal to revise the Constitution

may then emerge, although it is also possible that the current arrangement will be prolonged.

The debates regarding the constitutionality and legitimacy of the invocation of the Constitution’s

Article 80 are ongoing at the time of writing. Some foreign commentators describe

the President’s

decisions as a coup while Tunisian commentators for the most part are describing it as a necessary

measure to end the political bottleneck that prevented the government from functioning. Analysts

also describe the situation as the result of the long-standing political feud between secular-oriented

and Islamic-oriented political groupings in Tunisia. The political situation may have an impact on

the on-going negotiations with the International Monertary Fund, although the extent and nature

hereof remains to be seen. In addition, there are emerging geopolitical factors at play.

Since his decisions of 25 July, the President has consulted with civil society and labour unions.

While some decisions taken in the aftermath of the 25 July emergency pointed to an apparent

crackdown on freedom of expression, these were met with a swift and harsh backlash from civil

society, resulting for instance in the President calling for a reversal of the arrest warrants issued

against two Islamist MPs. These efforts by civil society, including the Ordre National des Avocats

Tunisien (ONAT), the Syndicat National des Journalistes Tunisien (SNJT), and the Instance

National pour la Prevention de la Torture (INPT) are encouraging signs that Tunisian civil society

is strong and capable of defending human rights and liberties gained in the 2011 revolution. It also

demonstrates that the democratic foundation at the level of civil society and dialogue between civil

society and the state remains intact as one of the key democratic outcomes of the 2011 revolution.

Tunisian civil society remains vigilant, watching the developments closely and with the freedom to

speak out critically and effectively against infringements of rights and liberties. Many organisations

have pledged their commitment to continue playing this watchdog role, while at the same time

contributing to the democratic process. There do not appear to be any current concerns with

continuing to work on the protection and promotion of human rights in Tunisia for national and

international organisations, including those related to DAPP. However, the situation is still

unsettled and the new DAPP will have to adjust to one or a combination of the following scenarios:

a prolonged status quo of the current situation, a return to full parliamentary democracy or a more

volatile situation with incursions on democratic freedoms. DAPP is designed to navigate under

any of these circumstances.

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Annex 2

–

Detailed results framework

Strategic level

Danish Arab Partnership Programme 2022-2027

Vision statement

Programme

Programme Objective

Impact Indicators

A better life for young people in the Middle East and North Africa

Human Rights and Inclusion

Promotion and protection of human rights with a focus on youth enhanced

SDG 3.7 By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care

services, including for family planning, information and education, and the integration

of reproductive health into national strategies and programmes.

SDG 5.1 End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere

SDG 5.2 Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and

private spheres, including trafficking and sexual and other types of exploitation

SDG 5.5 Ensure women’s full and effective

participation and equal opportunities for

leadership at all levels of decision making in political, economic and public life

SDG 16.3 Promote the rule of law at the national and international levels and ensure

equal access to justice for all

SDG 16.10 Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms, in

accordance with national legislation and international agreements

Youth is prevented from acting freely and democratically in inclusive civic spaces and

experience violence, torture, restrained freedoms of media and expression as well as

gender inequality and the inadequate protection of minorities.

Youth is strengthened to act freely and democratically in inclusive civic spaces with

protection from violence and torture, improved freedoms of media and expression as

well as enhanced gender equality and inclusion of minorities.

Promotion and protection of human rights through a systemic approach enhanced

Human rights alliances and networks strengthened

Human rights standards enhanced

Inclusive human rights reporting with a focus on youth improved

Capacities of NHRIs and other public institutions to engage and respond to youth-focus

HROs/HRDs enhanced

MoV: Universal Periodic Reviews, human rights situation reports, treaty body reporting,

number and quality of state consultations with relevant youth stakeholders, etc.

Morocco Some constitutional revisions yet to be translated into changes in the

practical administration of justice. NHRI reporting on human rights with

limited inclusion of youth. Youth lack avenues of engagement in civic life

and in the political system.

Tunisia

The traditional NHRI reports infrequently on human rights, including

youth. The new NHRI, as foreseen in the constitution, has not been

established. Youth subject to arbitrary police violence, torture, and

corruption. Sizeable civic space but limited inclusion of youth from the

most marginalized communities.

Poor human rights record. The NHRI publishes infrequently and without

Egypt

a specific youth focus. Independent NGOs struggle to operate amid

increasing pressure from security forces. Intensifying activism among youth

outside established organisations and structures.

The NHRI publishes infrequently and without a specific youth focus.

Jordan

Decreasing space for CSOs to engage in human rights issues. CSOs have

limited ability to reach out to key demographics such as youth. Youth lack

incentives to participate in CSO empowerment projects.

Baseline

Year

2022

Year

2027

Target

Outcome 1

Outcome indicators

Baseline

Year

2022

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Target

Year

2027

Morocco

Tunisia

Egypt

Jordan

To be determined in the results framework that will be developed by the partner or

consortium of partners as part of the tender proposal. The final results framework will be

approved by the MENA DAPP Team and be part of the agreement with the winning

partner or consortium of partners.

Output 1.1

Output indicators

Baseline

Target

Output 1.2

Output indicators

Year

2022

Year 1

Year 3

Year 5

NHRIs and public institutions are strengthened to deliver inclusive human rights

reporting with a focus on youth

National strategies, Action Plans, SOPs etc. promoting and protecting HR including

focus on youth

Inclusive national and international reporting processes

NHRIs in all countries deliver Human Rights Reports infrequently and with

insufficient focus on and inclusion of youth

Capacity of NHRIs to promote and protect human rights, particularly among youth,

enhanced

Capacity to plan and conduct inclusive human rights reporting

Capacity to enforce recommendations for protection of human rights

Capacity to engage and focus on youth

Baseline

Target

Output 1.3

Output indicators

Year

2022

Year 1

Year 3

Year 5

NHRIs in all countries deliver Human Rights Reports infrequently and with

insufficient focus on and inclusion of youth.

Baseline

Year

2022

Dialogue between duty bearers and rights holders enhanced

Dialogue spaces between government authorities and HROs/HRDs enhanced

Capacity of youth HROs and HRDs to engage in and address human rights reforms and

reporting with state institutions enhanced

Capacity of minority groups e.g. LGBT+, faith-based organisations, people with

disabilities, youth movements and ethnic groups to gain access to spaces and dialogues

on protection of human rights enhanced

Social contract between HROs/HRDs and state institutions is weak. Space

for civil society, ability of youth-led HROs/HRDs and minority groups to

engage in human rights reforms, reporting, and dialogue is tangible but

limited (Tunisia), narrow and shrinking (Morocco and Jordan), or

endangered (Egypt)

Target

Year 1

Year 3

Year 5

Prevention of violence and torture

Legislation for the prevention of violence and torture strengthened

Capacities and spaces for dialogue and advocacy on torture prevention strengthened

Prevention of GBV and violence against youth and minority groups enhanced

Access to redress, rehabilitation, and treatment of victims of torture and violence

improved

MoV: Universal Periodic Reviews, Human Rights situation reports, civil society reports

on evidence-based cases, number and quality of spaces and dialogues, etc.

Outcome 2

Outcome indicators

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Baseline

Year

2022

Morocco

The practice of torture continues to occur and victims are not sufficiently

rehabilitated. Problem of overcrowding in prisons. Law on GBV adopted

in 2018 but challenged in terms of practical implementation. Existing youth

vulnerability to violent extremism and radicalisation present.

Torture remains a major concern in prisons with insufficient rehabilitation

of victims. GBV addressed through adoption of so-called

‘Law 58’, but

comprehensive implementation not yet ensured. Radicalisation targeting

youth is present, particularly in the country’s southern regions.

Forced disappearances, torture, harsh and life-threatening prison

conditions, and arbitrary arrest and detention are prevalent. Domestic

violence and sexual harassment are acute problems. Societal resistance and

poor enforcement hinder progress. Prisons continue to be a fertile

environment for terrorist recruitment and radicalisation.

Torture remains an issue with numerous cases reported. Increasing cases of

GBV, including domestic violence. Existing youth vulnerability to

radicalisation due to political and economic pressures.

To be determined in the results framework that will be developed by the partner or

consortium of partners as part of the tender proposal. The final results framework will be

approved by the MENA DAPP Team and be part of the agreement with the winning

partner or consortium of partners.

Tunisia

Egypt

Jordan

Target

Year

2027

Morocco

Tunisia

Egypt

Jordan

Output 2.1

Output indicators

Legislation and capacities for prevention of torture among youth strengthened

Legal frameworks supporting prevention of torture strengthened

Knowledge and capacity of CSOs and public institutions to plan, implement, monitor

and enforce torture preventive measures strengthened

Baseline

Year

2022

Year 1

Year 3

Year 5

Lack of effective legal frameworks and particularly widespread challenges

of insufficient implementation of existing laws to prevent torture. CSOs

not sufficiently capacitated to engage in effective torture prevention

measures.

Target

Output 2.2

Output indicators

Capacities and spaces for dialogue and advocacy on torture prevention targeting youth

strengthened

HRDs/HROs’ capacities to document cases of torture targeting youth strengthened

Young rights holders’ capacities to enter spaces of dialogue and advocacy on torture

prevention strengthened

Spaces for dialogues between public institutions and HRDs/HROs enhanced

Baseline

Target

Output 2.3

Output indicators

Year

2022

Year 1

Year 3

Year 5

HRDs/HROs and civil society not adequately capacitated to document

cases of torture and to effectively advocate duty bearers on torture

prevention, including torture targeting youth, and extremism.

Prevention of GBV, youth violence, and violence against minority groups (e.g. LGBT+,

faith-based groups, migrants, refugees, displaced, etc.) and youth movements

strengthened

Legislation and reforms promoting prevention of GBV, and violence against youth,

youth movements, and minority groups strengthened

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Knowledge and capacity of CSOs and public institutions to plan, implement, monitor,

and enforce preventive measures strengthened

Capacity of CSOs to gain access to spaces and dialogues with public institutions

strengthened.

Baseline

Year

2022

Year 1

Year 3

Year 5

Access and support to redress, rehabilitation, and treatment of young victims of torture

and violence strengthened

HROs/HRDs monitoring and promoting access and support to redress for victims of

torture and violence enhanced

HROs/HRDs monitoring and promoting access to rehabilitation and treatment of

victims of torture and violence including e.g. Mental Health and Psycho-Social Support

Capacity of health professionals providing health services to victims of torture and

violence increased

Baseline

Target

Year

2022

Year 1

Year 3

Year 5

CSOs and health professionals inadequately capacitated to assist the

redress, rehabilitation, and treatment of torture and violence victims.

Legal frameworks to prevent violence either insufficiently formulated or

implemented. CSOs not adequately capacitated to document cases of

torture and to effectively advocate duty bearers on GBV, violence against

youth and minorities, and prevention of violent extremism.

Target

Output 2.4

Output indicators

Outcome 3

Outcome indicators

Strengthening of free, independent, and diverse media

Framework conditions for independent media and protection of young journalists

enhanced

Capacity of youth-driven media outlets strengthened

Inclusion of youth in the public debate strengthened

Media reporting on human rights violations against youth enhanced

MoV: Universal Periodic Reviews, Human Rights situation reports, diversity of media

stories, quotations in national/international media outlets, etc.

Baseline

Year

2022

Morocco

The state dominates the broadcast media. The independent press enjoys

some freedom when reporting on economic and social policies but less on

issues specific to red lines.

Substantial degree of press freedom and a variety of media outlets in

comparison with rest of the MENA region. Journalists report facing

pressure and intimidation from government officials. Concerns about

enhanced political influence over private media outlets.

Independent media operates in a repressive context. The media sector is

dominated by pro-government outlets while most critical or opposition-

oriented outlets have been shut down. The legal environment threatens

press freedom.

The agency of independent media actors is significantly constrained. Media

laws are restrictive, vague, and arbitrarily enforced while journalists

frequently practice self-censorship.

To be determined in the results framework that will be developed by the partner or

consortium of partners as part of the tender proposal. The final results framework will be

Tunisia

Egypt

Jordan

Target

Year

2027

Morocco

Tunisia

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Egypt

Jordan

approved by the MENA DAPP Team and be part of the agreement with the winning

partner or consortium of partners.

Output 3.1

Output indicators

Dialogues and reforms to improve framework conditions for independent media and

protection of journalists including youth media and journalists enhanced

Dialogues and partnerships promoting conducive framework conditions enhanced

Media outlets and CSOs participating in prioritising mechanisms to advance legal and

institutional reforms in the media sector enhanced

Baseline

Year

2022

Framework conditions not conducive for independent media. Lack of

inclusion of media outlets and CSOs in advancing reforms in the sector.

Threats to journalists range from pressure and intimidation (Tunisia) to

detention and arrest (Egypt).

Target

Output 3.2

Output indicators

Year 1

Year 3

Year 5

Capacity of media outlets to report accurately on human rights and human rights

violations

Institutional capacity of media outlet partners strengthened

Technical and managerial capacity of content producers strengthened

Youth-led media outlets strengthened

Reporting focusing on human rights violations based on gender (including GBV,

LGBT+) or targeted at other minority groups (e.g. faith-based groups, migrants,

refugees, displaced, etc.) strengthened

Baseline

Year

The institutional and technical capacity of content producers, and

particularly youth-led media outlets, is limited. Reporting on human rights

violations is generally weak (with the exception of Tunisia).

Target

Output 3.3

Output indicators

Year 1

Year 3

Year 5

Diverse and quality media content guided by public interest strengthened

Technical and managerial capacity of content producers strengthened

Media content tailored to new and existing audiences, including youth, on public interest

topics that contribute to shaping public opinion enhanced

Local media in rural areas strengthened

Youth-led media content targeting diverse youth groups strengthened

Baseline

Target

Output 3.4

Output indicators

Year

Year 1

Year 3

Year 5

Youth-led media content producers generally lack the capacity to produce

high quality public interest stories tailored to diverse audiences.

Inclusion of young rights holders in the public debate strengthened

The capacity of media partners to include a variety of youth rights holders strengthened

HRDs/HROs technical capacity to participate in and contribute to public debates on

human rights strengthened

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Youth movements’ capacity and associated media platforms targeting youth groups

strengthened

The scope of strategic interventions led by CSOs focusing on gender equality, prevention

of torture and GBV, rights of youth, LGBT+ and minority groups strengthened

Baseline

Year

The contribution of a diverse and representative set of CSOs to the public

debate on human rights standards, gender equality, prevention of torture

and GBV, rights of youth, LGBT+, religious and minority groups is limited.

CSO contributions are dominated by resource-strong civil society actors in

the capitals in the four DAPP countries.

Target

Year 1

Year 3

Year 5

Improvement of gender equality

Legislation addressing representation, recognition, and equal access to resources

strengthened

Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR) enhanced

GBV reduced (including prevention of domestic violence) and protection of victims of

violence enhanced

Equal participation of young men and women in political life enhanced

Civic engagement on gender equality and combatting gender stereotypes, including in

the media enhanced

MoV: Universal Periodic Reviews, Human Rights situation reports, national statistics,

civil society reports and evidence-based studies, etc.

Outcome 4

Outcome indicators

Baseline

Year

2022

Morocco

Important advances in legislative and institutional reforms, yet legal

provisions discriminating against women persist e.g. in the family law (last

revised in 2004) and in the penal code while implementation lags behind.

Improvements in SRHR but lack of financial resources and geographical

disparities in relation to access to services. Morocco has a high proportion

of child marriages.

Important advances in legislative and institutional reform regarding gender

equality make Tunisia a front-runner in the MENA region. CSOs focus on

maintaining rather than expanding results. Tunisia lacks SRHR policies and

institutional mechanisms that ensure broad access to services and

education.

Legislative and institutional reforms implemented, but persistence of

discriminatory laws. Coverage of maternal health services has expanded

substantially, yet serious SRHR issues of concern remain. Female Genital

Mutilation (FGM) prevalent and enjoys wide social acceptance.

Legislative and institutional reforms implemented, yet personal status code

and the nationality law remain discriminatory. SRHR for youth

insufficiently covered in national policy documents.

To be determined in the results framework that will be developed by the partner or

consortium of partners as part of the tender proposal. The final results framework will be

approved by the MENA DAPP Team and be part of the agreement with the winning

partner or consortium of partners.

Tunisia

Egypt

Jordan

Target

Year

2027

Morocco

Tunisia

Egypt

Jordan

Output 4.1

Legal frameworks and reforms promoting, enforcing and monitoring gender equality

and non-discrimination focusing on gender and youth enhanced

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Output indicators

Capacity of state institutions to address gender equality legislation and reforms in

dialogue with HRDs/HROs enhanced.

Capacity of HRDs/HROs to access and participate in dialogues on gender equality

legislation and reforms strengthened

Partnerships between HRDs/HROs and state institutions on monitoring of the

implementation of gender equality legislations and reforms enhanced.

Capacity of partners to report on gender equality and SDG 5 strengthened

Baseline

Year

2022

Year 1

Year 3

Year 5

Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR) among youth enhanced

Dialogues and partnerships between HRDs/HROs, youth movements and state

institutions on legislations and reforms promoting SRHR enhanced

HRDs/HROs and youth movements’ capacity to support the implementation of

legislation and reforms including protection, acceptance and non-discriminatory access

to SRHR strengthened

HRDs/HROs and youth movements’ capacity to monitor and report on implementation

of laws and reforms promoting and protecting SRHR strengthened

HRDs/HROs

and youth movements’ capacity to engage in public debates on gender

equality in SRHR strengthened.

Baseline

Target

Output 4.3

Output indicators

Baseline

Target

Year

2022

Year 1

Year 3

Year 5

Year

2022

Year 1

Year 3

Year 5

GBV including prevention of domestic violence and protection of victims of violence

enhanced

Percentage reduction in documented GBV cases in partner countries

Limited access of youth to SRHR. Persistence of harmful traditional

practices, such as FGM and child marriages.

Persistence of discriminatory legal provisions regarding gender equality.

Limited genuine dialogue between CSOs and duty bearers on gender

equality monitoring and implementation of law.

Target

Output 4.2

Output indicators

Output 4.4

Output indicators

Equal participation of young men and women in politics enhanced

Dialogues and partnerships between HRDs/HROs, youth movements and state

institutions promoting gender equality in politics enhanced

Enhanced gender equality in political spaces including for youth

HRDs/HROs and youth movements’ capacity to monitor and report

on implementation

of laws and reforms on gender equality strengthened

Baseline

Year

2022

Limited participation and inclusion of youth in politics. Limited inclusion

of youth by state institutions in dialogues and consultations on reform,

policies, strategies etc. Lack of space for youth movements and CSOs to

engage in debates on gender norms and stereotypes.

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Danish Arab Partnership Programme 2022-2027

Programme Document for Human Rights and Inclusion

Target

Output 4.5

Output indicators

Year 1

Year 3

Year 5

Civic engagement combatting gender stereotypes enhanced

Dialogues and partnerships between HRDs/HROs, youth movements and state

institutions to combat gender stereotypes enhanced

Enhanced public focus on LGBT+ rights, including for youth

HRDs/HROs and youth movements’ capacity to engage in public debates on gender

norms, LGBT+ rights, stereotypical perceptions and attitudes strengthened.

Baseline

Year

2022

Target

Year 1

Year 3

Year 5

Limited participation and inclusion of youth in politics. Limited inclusion

of youth by state institutions in dialogues and consultations on reform,

policies, strategies etc. Lack of space for youth movements and CSOs to

engage in debates on gender norms and stereotypes.

URU, Alm.del - 2021-22 - Bilag 35: Orientering om ny fase af Dansk-Arabisk Partnerskabsprogram 2022-27

Danish Arab Partnership Programme 2022-2027

Programme Document for Human Rights and Inclusion

Annex 3

–

Budget

Outcomes

Outcome 1: Systemic Approach to Human Rights

Outcome 2: Prevention of Violence and Torture

Outcome 3: Free, Independent, and Diverse Media

Outcome 4: Gender Equality

Special Support Budget

Acceleration Funds (including pilot activities in

Algeria, if feasible)

Programme Secretariat

TOTAL

2022

Budget (DKK million)

2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 TOTAL In %

75 16.3

70 15.2

90 19.6

13 19,5 32,5

65 14.1

90 101,5 114,5

460

3.3

URU, Alm.del - 2021-22 - Bilag 35: Orientering om ny fase af Dansk-Arabisk Partnerskabsprogram 2022-27

Danish Arab Partnership Programme 2022-2027

Programme Document for Human Rights and Inclusion

Annex 4

–

Partner assessment

The partner composition for the Human Rights Programme will be determined by a public tender.

It can be an individual organisation or a consortium of organisations consisting of e.g. NGOs,

business member organisations, trade unions, private companies, etc. The organisations can be

Danish or international, but emphasis will be placed on ensuring clear and strong linkages to the

Danish resources base. This is to ensure the Danish Arab Partnership Programme notions and

that Danish value policy, innovation and know how is integrated into the partnership that will be

created.

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Danish Arab Partnership Programme 2022-2027

Programme Document for Human Rights and Inclusion

Annex 5

–

Risk management

Contextual risks

Risk Factor

Overall risk factor

Worldwide pandemic or

health crisis.

Likelihood

Likely

–

Almost Certain

Impact

Significant

Risk response

Activities carried out

digitally or with few

participants respecting

sanitary measures.

Residual risk

Short-term risks are

reduced substantially due

to commitment to health

and safety measures.

However, general risk of

curbing of rights and

potential unrest prevails if

crisis is prolonged.

The risk is minor and

actions can be taken by

Denmark to mitigate the

situation.

Background to assessment

The COVID-19 pandemic is leading to economic recession

and causes higher levels of unemployment, potential unrest,

and limitation of rights and liberties. Governments have

enforced full or partial lockdown, impeding and delaying

activities.

Bilateral/diplomatic

relations between

Denmark and DAPP

countries worsen.

Political

Increasing political

instability with potential

for civil unrest.

Very unlikely

Major

Danish government and

representatives to

ensure and foster

bilateral relations with

all DAPP countries.

Significant deterioration

could lead to a reduced

scope of activities in

affected countries.

Denmark has longstanding relations with all DAPP focus

countries.

Likely

Major

Increasing authoritarian

rule, repression of

minorities, and abuse of

power by security

apparatus.

Likely

Major

The Human Rights and

Inclusion Programme

aims to address these

issues through

collaboration with duty

bearers and right

holders.

Risk continues to be

substantial. The situation

will be carefully

monitored and

appropriate actions taken

as needed in close

collaboration with other

development partners.

Risk remains but varies

among the DAPP

countries. Mitigation

through the programme is

limited to engagement of

government stakeholders

on specific human rights

Risk varies considerably from country to country, but overall

political context remains prone to destabilisation.

Affects possibilities of strategic partners to collaborate with

most critical parts of civil society and may deter new potential

local partners from civic engagement.

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Danish Arab Partnership Programme 2022-2027

Programme Document for Human Rights and Inclusion

Risk Factor

Likelihood

Impact

Risk response

Residual risk

and youth employment

issues.

Short- and long-term risks

remain.

Background to assessment

Continued presence of

private and public sector

corruption.

Economic

Potential international

economic crisis affects

main trading partners

(such as the EU) and has

a negative impact on

trade, remittances and

FDIs to the focus

countries.

Worsening economic

situation and further

polarization of wealth is

leading to increased

poverty, potential societal

and political unrest and

migration.

Partial or complete

breakdown of financial

institutions and banking

systems or impediment of

cross-border financial

transactions.

Societal

Increasing conflict

between

population groups; social

and religious tension.

Likely

Major

Difficult to mitigate

through instruments

available to the

programme.

DAPP aims to improve

economic conditions,

especially for youth.

However, difficult to

mitigate this risk solely

through DAPP.

Corruption is pervasive in focus countries and affects many

sectors, including hampering the business environment.

Likely

Major

Residual risk remains.

However, actions taken

by programme and other

donors can mitigate the

situation.

The economic downturn in the EU following the financial

crisis had a direct impact on the DAPP partner countries.

Almost certain

Major

DAPP aims to mitigate

economic and social

exclusion of youth.

Risk not substantially

reduced by DAPP alone.

However, actions taken

by programme and other

donors can mitigate the

situation.

Short- and long-term risks

remain but are unlikely.

Risk in all focus countries. Bleak outlook for economic growth

and redistribution of wealth. However, IMF programmes

under the Extended Fund Facility (EFF) provide incentives to

ensure that macro-economic and financial policies remain

sound, reforms on track and that fiscal buffers and reserves

remain adequate.

DAPP focus countries have varying degrees of stable financial

infrastructures and access to international credit markets. The

MENA region has in recent years witnessed either severe

depreciation or near collapse of national currencies and rising

inflation, all of which puts pressure on the livelihood and

wealth of their respective populations.

Unlikely

Major

While DAPP aims at

improving economic

condition in its focus

countries, developments

in currency and financial

markets are difficult to

mitigate.

DAPP is sensitive

towards the inclusion of

various social

/urban/rural (youth)

groups and minorities.

Unlikely

Major

The short-term residual

risk is not reduced.

However, DAPP aims at

including youth and

minorities and will in the

Social tension and unrest already seen in several focus

countries. High risk of persecution of religious and other

minorities.

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Danish Arab Partnership Programme 2022-2027

Programme Document for Human Rights and Inclusion

Risk Factor

Likelihood

Impact

Risk response

The programme has an

inclusive approach to

various population

groups, but cannot

mitigate these risks

through tools available

to the programme.

DAPP aims to promote

the inclusion of youth

–

socially, politically and

economically by

addressing their specific

challenges and needs.

Residual risk

medium and long-term

contribute to bridging

divides between

urban/rural groups and

minorities.

Background to assessment

Generational gap widens

with a growing youth

population that rejects

tribal/communal/age

hierarchies leading to less

social cohesion and

possible youth-led

protests.

Environment

Environmental

degradation, increased

water scarcity, etc. might

lead to internal migration

e.g. rural exodus which

puts pressure on large

cities.

Security

Deterioration of domestic

security context and

occurrence of terrorist

acts.

Likely

Major

Residual risk is not

reduced in the short term.

However, DAPP will

address youth needs and

challenges and in the long

term contributing to

reduce youth frustration.

Youth are not included and experience a growing frustration

and lack of trust in institutions.

Likely

Minor

DAPP will support job

creation and growth in

the green sector and

seek to address root

causes of migration.

The short-term risk is

minor and can be

mitigated by the inclusive

approach of DAP.

All focus countries are considerably prone to water scarcity

and vulnerable to climate change.

Likely

Major

Increased instability in

border regions due to

violent conflicts in

neighbouring countries.

Unlikely

Major

DAPP and partners to

have strong focus on

safety, maintain

situational awareness,

prepare contingency

plans, and ultimately

phase out projects.

DAPP and partners to

maintain situational

awareness, prepare

contingency plans, and

Short term risk is reduced

due to safety measures

and contingency plans,

but overall risk prevails.

Terrorist attacks against public experienced in several focus

countries. Extremist tendencies might be catalysed through

spill over from regional conflicts in e.g. Syria, Iraq, and Libya.

Residual risks reduced by

selecting safe areas.

However, the risk is

Conflicts in neighbouring countries to DAPP focus countries,

such as Syria, Iraq, and Libya, create regional instabilities.

While border regions to these countries might experience spill-

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Danish Arab Partnership Programme 2022-2027

Programme Document for Human Rights and Inclusion

Risk Factor

Likelihood

Impact

Risk response

ultimately phase out

projects. Projects to be

implemented in

geographical areas

deemed as relatively

safe.

Residual risk

outside the sphere of

influence of DAPP.

Background to assessment

over by conflict and violence, borders are likely to remain

intact.

Programmatic risks

Risk Factor

Narrowing space for civil

society and continued

tightening of control due

to security concerns and

public discontent.

Likelihood

Likely

Impact

Significant

Risk response

Policy

dialogue

strategic

partners

through national HRIs

and other partners.

Careful assessment of

‘do-no-harm’ principle

when collaborating with

local human rights

defenders.

Engagement in civil

society donor groups

and policy dialogue with

bilateral and multilateral

partners.

Strict

financial

management

requirements and vetting

of partners imposed on

both strategic and local

partners. No tolerance

policy implies phase out

in serious cases of

corruption.

Increased

efforts

towards

strategic

coordination,

Residual risk

The risk remains likely and

cannot be mitigated solely

through DAPP.

Background to assessment

Experienced in all focus countries. Strategic partners are

vulnerable as they base a large part of their programmes on

collaboration with CSOs.

Foreign and local NGOs

denied

authorisation,

banned or harassed, e.g. by

money transfer controls.

Financial mismanagement

and misappropriation of

funds.

Likely

Major

Likely

Major

The residual risk is likely to

remain high for NGOs in

general, particularly in

partner countries where

civil society is already

under pressure.

Significant reduction of

the risk given the strict

control mechanisms in

place.

The risk varies from country to country, but is significant in

Egypt and is increasing in the other countries. Affects the

cohesiveness and effectiveness of civil society and prevents

youth from engaging through formal means.

Potentially damaging but limited evidence of mismanagement

and misappropriation of funds in the past.

Conflicting/non-

aligned/duplicated

development efforts.

Likely

Minor

The residual risk is

reduced.

general,

donors have a common

Coordination remains challenging but efforts to align in the

preparation of DAPP and established donor coordination

platforms reduces risk of duplication.

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Danish Arab Partnership Programme 2022-2027

Programme Document for Human Rights and Inclusion

Risk Factor

Likelihood

Impact

Risk response

collaboration, and joint

programming with other

donors, CSOs, and key

stakeholders.

Increased dialogue with

duty bearers and support

to rights holders on

human rights issues.

Longstanding

partnerships

and

engagement

between

DAPP partners and duty

bearers in DAPP may

contribute

risk

mitigation.

In the preparation of

DAPP, research will be

conducted on youth

challenges and needs and

a rigorous selection of

beneficiaries will be

carried out.

Strengthening

collaboration with duty

bearers and of advocacy

efforts by strategic and

local partners.

Residual risk

interest and obligation to

align activities and avoid

duplication.

The residual risk remains

high in the short term, as

these processes take time

and cannot be addressed

solely by DAPP.

Background to assessment

Insufficient engagement

from duty bearers to

secure

enabling

environment.

Likely

Major

The risk varies across the four DAPP countries.

Disappointment, lack of

interest, possible drop-out

of youth participating in

the programme.

Likely

Major

The residual risk is

significantly reduced, as

the programme will be

demand-driven

and

tailored to needs.

Residual risk remains high

as DAPP’s possibility to

advance

framework

conditions is dependent

duty

bearers’

willingness to engage

processes of reform and

change.

The residual risk remains

high in the short term.

Processes take time and

cannot be addressed by

DAPP alone.

The residual risk remains

high in the short term, as

these processes take time

In all DAPP countries, traditional civil society actors struggle to

include diverse groups of youth, leading to increased

polarisation.

Constitutional, legal, and

political reforms stall.

Likely

Major

Experienced in all focus countries. Has a significant impact on

programmes targeting human rights and inclusion.

Religious

radicalisation

and

increased

conservatism

affects

gender

equality

and

minority groups.

Social norms as well as

gender and age stereotypes

prevent

youth

Likely

Major

DAPP engages with duty

bearers

gender

conservative norms.

DAPP aims to address

negative stereotypes and

gender norms trough

Strong socio-conservative religious movements and tendencies

in all focus countries seeking to impede on progressive gender

norms and equality.

All focus countries have prevalence of GBV, lacking SRHR,

child marriages, FGM, etc.

Almost certain

Major

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Danish Arab Partnership Programme 2022-2027

Programme Document for Human Rights and Inclusion

Risk Factor

participation and progress

towards gender equality.

Likelihood

Impact

Risk response

engagement with duty

bearers

and

rights

holders.

Residual risk

and cannot be addressed

solely by DAPP.

Background to assessment

Institutional risks

Risk Factor

Lack of coordination and

synergy

between

programme partners and

intervention areas.

Loss of human capacities

due to frequent turnover

of staff in country offices

and headquarters.

Insufficient

contextual

understanding affecting

the quality of intervention.

Likelihood

Unlikely

Impact

Major

Risk response

Strong

focus

adequate organisational

set-up in management

structure.

Integrative

approach to outcomes.

Emphasis on the need

for partners to monitor

HR developments and

react adequately and

quickly to changes in

personnel.

Partners to ensure equal

distribution of local staff

across countries and to

consult with adequate

and well-informed local

actors.

Residual risk

The risk response is based

on lessons learned from

DAPP and is likely to

significantly reduce the

residual risk

Emphasis on the need for

partners

monitor

Human

Resource

developments and react

adequately and quickly to

changes in personnel.

Partners

will

ensure

frequent

consultations

with key local and

international stakeholders.

Background to assessment

Earlier programme phases have experienced how Consortium

partners struggle to cooperate effectively, hampering efficient

programme implementation.

Earlier programme phases have experienced high turnover of

partner organisations’ key staff.

Likely

Minor

Likely

Major

Earlier programme phases have experienced inadequate use of

partners’ contextual insights in order to inform and adapt

programming.