NATO's Parlamentariske Forsamling 2021-22, Det Udenrigspolitiske Nævn 2021-22
NPA Alm.del Bilag 28, UPN Alm.del Bilag 326
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27 June/Juin 2022
COMMUNIQUE
PR/CP(2022)105
Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-2022)
NATO collects defence expenditure data from Allies on a regular basis and presents
aggregates and subsets of this information. Each Ally’s Ministry of Defence reports
current and estimated future defence expenditure according to an agreed definition of
defence expenditure. The amounts represent payments by a national government actually
made, or to be made, during the course of the fiscal year to meet the needs of its armed
forces, those of Allies or of the Alliance. In the figures and tables that follow, NATO also
uses economic and demographic information available from the Directorate-General for
Economic and Financial Affairs of the European Commission (DG ECFIN), and the
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
In view of differences between both these sources and national GDP forecasts, and also
the definition of NATO defence expenditure and national definitions, the figures shown
in this report may diverge considerably from those which are quoted by media, published
by national authorities or given in national budgets. Equipment expenditure includes
expenditure on major equipment as well as on research and development devoted to major
equipment. Personnel expenditure includes pensions paid to retirees.
The cut-off date for information used in this report was 20 June 2022. Figures for 2021
and 2022 are estimates.
News and information is routinely placed on the NATO website. This includes audio files, transcripts and high resolution
photographs, which are posted as soon as possible after events of media interest. Check the 'What's New' file.
Nouvelles et informations sont régulièrement affichées sur le site Web de l'OTAN, sous la forme de fichiers audio, de
transcriptions et de photographies destinées à la publication. Elles sont disponibles le plus rapidement possible après les
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North Atlantic Treaty Organisation – Organisation du Traité de l’Atlantique Nord
Press & Media – Presse & Médias
B-1110 Bruxelles Belgique
E-mail: [email protected] – Tel.: 32 2 707 50 41 – Fax: 32 2 707 13 99 – Internet: www.nato.int
 UPN, Alm.del - 2021-22 - Bilag 326: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-2022)
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Graph 1 : NATO Europe and Canada - defence expenditure
(annual real change, based on 2015 prices and exchange rates)
%
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
-1.3
-0.9
3.0
5.9
4.9
4.2
3.7
3.1
1.7
1.2
-2.7
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021e
2022e
-4
Notes: Figures for 2021 and 2022 are estimates. The NATO Europe and Canada aggregate from 2017 onwards includes Montenegro, which became an Ally on 5 June 2017,
and from 2020 onwards includes North Macedonia, which became an Ally on 27 March 2020.
%
55
Graph 2 : Defence expenditure as a share of GDP and equipment
expenditure as a share of defence expenditure
2022e
LUX
Median 1.65%
HUN
NATO guideline 2%
Equipment expenditure as % of defence expenditure
50
45
40
GRC
35
30
ESP
TÜR
DNK
NOR
NMK
FRA
SVK
HRV
GBR
ROU
LVA
LTU
USA
EST
Median 25.96%
NATO guideline 20%
25
20
15
10
5
NLD
MNE
ITA
BGR
BEL
DEU
CZE
ALB
SVN CAN
PRT
POL
0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Defence expenditure as % of GDP
3.0
3.5
4.0
%
Note: Figures for 2021 and 2022 are estimates.
-2-
 UPN, Alm.del - 2021-22 - Bilag 326: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-2022)
2601824_0003.png
Graph 3 : Defence expenditure as a share of GDP (%)
%
4.0
3.5
3.0
3.76
3.47
(based on 2015 prices and exchange rates)
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
2.42 2.36
2.34
2.12
2.10 2.03
2.00 1.99 1.90
NATO guideline 2%
1.78 1.75
1.67 1.65
1.62 1.55 1.55
1.54
1.44 1.44 1.39
1.33 1.27
1.22
1.22
1.18
1.01
0.58
0.5
0.0
2014
Note: Figures for 2021 and 2022 are estimates.
2022e
Graph 4 : Equipment expenditure as a share of defence expenditure (%)
%
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
31.6 31.1
30.8
30.5 30.5
29.9 28.6
(based on 2015 prices and exchange rates)
52.4
48.0
45.3
28.1 27.2
26.3 26.2
26.0 25.0 24.6 23.7
22.7
22.6 21.6
20.9 20.4 20.0
19.3 19.2
NATO guideline 20%
18.7
17.9 17.9
2014
Note: Figures for 2021 and 2022 are estimates.
2022e
-3-
 UPN, Alm.del - 2021-22 - Bilag 326: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-2022)
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Graph 5 : Defence expenditure
(billion US dollars, based on 2015 prices and exchange rates)
1,200
997
1,000
256
800
949
253
999
1,019
1,038
1,051
910
250
896
913
904
929
300
314
324
328
254
262
277
289
600
400
741
696
660
641
651
626
640
699
704
714
723
200
0
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021e
2022e
United States
NATO Europe and Canada
Notes: Figures for 2021 and 2022 are estimates. The NATO Europe and Canada aggregate from 2017 onwards includes Montenegro, which became an Ally on 5 June
2017, and from 2020 onwards includes North Macedonia, which became an Ally on 27 March 2020.
Graph 6 : NATO Europe and Canada - defence expenditure
(billion US dollars, based on 2015 prices and exchange rates)
350
+ BGR, EST, LVA, LTU,
ROU, SVK, SVN
+ CZE, HUN, POL
325
+ NMK
+ ALB, HRV
+ MNE
300
275
250
NATO Europe and Canada
225
Notes: Figures for 2021 are estimates. Includes enlargements which took place in: 1999 (3 Allies), 2004 (7 Allies), 2009 (2 Allies), 2017 (1 Ally) and 2020 (1 Ally).
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021e
2022e
200
-4-
 UPN, Alm.del - 2021-22 - Bilag 326: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-2022)
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Graph 7 : Main categories of defence expenditure (%)
(percentage of total defence expenditure)
2022e
%
100
90
20.0
19.3
22.6
18.7
30.5
19.2
21.6
20.9
28.6
2.4
29.9
22.7
24.6
30.5
45.3
48.0
25.0
23.7
31.1
31.6
20.4
17.9
26.0 26.3
0.1
17.9
26.2
3.6
30.8
28.1
27.2
80
2.7
11.4
4.8
3.5
9.9
3.2
4.7
9.2
3.0
2.2
12.7
8.7
5.0
52.4
3.4
7.2
2.9
5.0
19.0
7.8
2.1
24.1
28.3
0.8
15.9
70
2.0
6.9
1.5
28.5
60
15.9
32.5
11.8
6.0
14.4
26.7
22.0
26.7
22.4
35.4
26.8
36.2
0.1
10.9
3.0
14.8
34.1
50
31.2
27.2
11.2
25.6
29.4
13.9
38.9
32.4
40
18.6
30
62.4
56.8
12.3
53.0
63.1
51.9
54.4
44.9
46.6
20
49.5
54.6
57.2
48.5
45.3
44.2
43.1
41.6
33.9
40.6
43.7
30.4
35.5 37.3
46.3
38.8 40.4
38.8
33.0
31.0
10
24.1
0
ALB BEL BGR CAN HRV CZE DNK EST FRA DEU GRC HUN
ITA
LVA LTU LUX MNE NLD NMK NOR POL PRT ROU SVK SVN ESP TÜR GBR USA
Personnel
Operations & maintenance and other expenditures
Infrastructure
Major equipment, including related R&D
Graph 8 : NATO Europe and Canada - major equipment expenditure
(annual real change, based on 2015 prices and exchange rates)
%
14
12
10.2
10
8.5
9.3
7.2
12.8
12.8
8
6
4
3.7
2.7
2
0
-0.6
-2
-4
-6
2013
-3.0
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021e
2022e
Notes: Figures for 2021 and 2022 are estimates. The NATO Europe and Canada aggregate from 2017 onwards includes Montenegro, which became an Ally on 5 June 2017, and from 2020 onwards
includes North Macedonia, which became an Ally on 27 March 2020.
-5-
 UPN, Alm.del - 2021-22 - Bilag 326: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-2022)
2601824_0006.png
Table 1 : Defence expenditure
Million national currency units
2014
Current prices
Albania (Leks)
Belgium (Euros)
Bulgaria (Leva)
Canada (Canadian dollars)
Croatia (Kunas)
Czech Republic (Koruny)
Denmark (Kroner)
Estonia (Euros)
France (Euros)
Germany (Euros)
Greece (Euros)
Hungary (Forint)
Italy (Euros)
Latvia* (Euros)
Lithuania* (Euros)
Luxembourg (Euros)
Montenegro (Euros)
Netherlands (Euros)
North Macedonia (Denars)
Norway (Kroner)
Poland* (Zlotys)
Portugal (Euros)
Romania* (New Lei)
Slovak Republic (Euros)
Slovenia (Euros)
Spain (Euros)
Türkiye (Liras)
United Kingdom (Pounds)
United States (US dollars)
18,788
3,913
1,102
20,076
6,113
41,003
22,769
386
39,149
34,749
3,939
281,402
18,427
221
322
190
52
7,788
5,743
48,660
31,874
2,263
9,014
752
366
9,508
29,727
39,902
653,942
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021e
2022e
16,671
3,789
1,116
23,900
6,057
47,264
22,633
418
39,199
35,898
4,073
316,338
17,642
254
425
225
51
7,816
5,853
49,529
39,940
2,384
10,337
889
361
10,000
32,522
38,940
641,253
16,250
3,848
1,186
23,474
5,696
45,598
24,190
450
39,950
37,598
4,190
362,798
20,226
364
575
213
56
8,234
5,770
54,022
37,082
2,364
10,738
907
406
9,014
38,203
41,590
656,059
17,199
3,932
1,255
30,761
6,120
52,805
24,961
479
40,852
40,265
4,208
468,765
21,166
430
724
288
58
8,539
5,532
56,664
37,558
2,424
14,765
935
422
10,528
47,323
43,257
642,933
18,995
4,101
1,593
29,025
6,068
59,752
28,787
521
42,748
42,127
4,560
436,500
21,702
601
895
301
64
9,456
6,232
61,349
42,824
2,750
17,183
1,098
463
11,172
68,300
45,202
672,255
21,670
4,253
3,771
29,949
6,634
68,373
29,929
569
44,206
46,936
4,483
636,566
21,042
618
977
341
66
10,778
8,029
66,318
45,404
2,947
19,527
1,610
511
11,281
79,987
46,509
750,886
21,348
4,665
1,920
31,289
6,487
74,257
31,962
630
46,018
51,392
4,812
852,321
26,360
651
1,030
373
72
11,249
8,303
68,054
52,110
2,867
21,431
1,796
498
11,240
93,910
49,495
770,650
23,072
5,276
2,109
32,793
8,667
84,864
33,161
633
47,790
53,033
6,764
927,965
28,015
696
1,105
341
77
11,789
10,605
72,483
58,304
3,295
22,027
1,677
645
12,546
116,482
52,291
793,990
32,633
6,529
2,481
35,461
9,373
89,179
37,751
771
49,616
55,635
7,445
957,964
28,758
806
1,499
464
95
14,808
13,681
80,615
73,850
3,328
26,398
2,143
699
13,136
137,775
53,878
821,830
Constant 2015 prices
Albania (Leks)
Belgium (Euros)
Bulgaria (Leva)
Canada (Canadian dollars)
Croatia (Kunas)
Czech Republic (Koruny)
Denmark (Kroner)
Estonia (Euros)
France (Euros)
Germany (Euros)
Greece (Euros)
Hungary (Forint)
Italy (Euros)
Latvia* (Euros)
Lithuania* (Euros)
Luxembourg (Euros)
Montenegro (Euros)
Netherlands (Euros)
North Macedonia (Denars)
Norway (Kroner)
Poland* (Zlotys)
Portugal (Euros)
Romania* (New Lei)
Slovak Republic (Euros)
Slovenia (Euros)
Spain (Euros)
Türkiye (Liras)
United Kingdom (Pounds)
United States (US dollars)
18,894
3,965
1,134
19,900
6,118
41,410
22,868
389
39,595
35,394
3,927
289,249
18,734
221
322
195
53
7,796
5,858
47,271
32,185
2,309
9,308
750
370
9,560
32,059
40,106
660,021
16,671
3,789
1,116
23,900
6,057
47,264
22,633
418
39,199
35,898
4,073
316,338
17,642
254
425
225
51
7,816
5,853
49,529
39,940
2,384
10,337
889
361
10,000
32,522
38,940
641,253
16,354
3,775
1,148
23,299
5,700
45,083
24,128
440
39,743
37,105
4,214
357,685
19,769
361
566
216
54
8,162
5,577
54,831
36,967
2,324
10,482
912
403
8,985
35,330
40,814
651,246
17,061
3,789
1,159
29,767
6,055
51,539
24,606
451
40,428
39,147
4,221
445,080
20,511
414
684
286
53
8,340
5,201
55,326
36,758
2,348
13,768
928
413
10,360
39,434
41,692
626,409
18,569
3,892
1,411
27,640
5,885
56,861
28,167
472
41,891
40,164
4,581
395,441
21,079
557
816
293
57
9,041
5,637
56,164
41,414
2,616
15,089
1,069
443
10,858
48,863
42,712
640,087
20,921
3,965
3,174
28,105
6,313
62,629
29,069
499
42,769
43,846
4,492
550,444
20,252
559
868
330
57
10,027
7,150
61,002
42,550
2,755
16,057
1,528
479
10,823
50,259
43,079
699,062
20,471
4,296
1,551
29,145
6,180
65,153
30,253
556
43,317
47,259
4,863
691,699
25,026
589
902
346
63
10,245
7,454
64,940
46,849
2,630
16,962
1,666
461
10,666
51,388
43,624
704,414
20,879
4,658
1,604
28,264
7,998
71,592
30,662
530
44,394
47,328
6,697
704,672
26,471
590
908
296
64
10,538
8,976
59,161
49,534
3,001
16,539
1,519
581
11,653
49,525
45,956
713,804
28,529
5,376
1,724
28,214
8,335
70,013
33,004
606
45,078
46,777
6,994
674,483
26,406
606
1,093
382
74
13,019
11,251
54,557
56,283
2,923
18,098
1,800
598
11,747
38,261
46,765
722,799
Notes: Figures for 2021 and 2022 are estimates.
* These Allies have national laws or political agreements which call for 2% of GDP to be spent on defence annually, consequently future estimates are expected to change
accordingly. For past years Allies defence spending was based on the then available GDP data and Allies may, therefore, have met the 2% guideline when using those figures. (In
2018, Lithuania met 2% using November 2018 OECD figures.)
-6-
 UPN, Alm.del - 2021-22 - Bilag 326: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-2022)
2601824_0007.png
Table 2 : Defence expenditure
Million US dollars
2014
Current prices and exchange rates
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia*
Lithuania*
Luxembourg
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland*
Portugal
Romania*
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Türkiye
United Kingdom
United States
178
5,200
747
18,172
1,064
1,975
4,057
514
52,022
46,176
5,234
1,210
24,487
294
428
253
69
10,349
124
7,722
10,107
3,007
2,691
999
487
12,634
13,577
65,692
653,942
289,275
2015
132
4,204
633
18,689
883
1,921
3,364
463
43,496
39,833
4,520
1,132
19,576
282
471
250
57
8,673
105
6,142
10,588
2,645
2,581
987
401
11,096
11,953
59,505
641,253
254,423
2016
131
4,258
671
17,708
837
1,866
3,593
497
44,209
41,606
4,637
1,289
22,382
403
636
236
62
9,112
104
6,431
9,397
2,616
2,645
1,004
449
9,975
12,644
56,362
656,059
255,595
2017
145
4,441
724
23,700
924
2,259
3,780
541
46,133
45,470
4,752
1,708
23,902
485
817
326
65
9,643
101
6,850
9,940
2,738
3,643
1,056
477
11,889
12,971
55,719
642,933
275,100
2018
176
4,845
962
22,399
966
2,750
4,559
615
50,507
49,772
5,388
1,615
25,641
710
1,057
356
75
11,172
120
7,544
11,857
3,249
4,359
1,298
547
13,200
14,168
60,380
672,255
300,167
2019
197
4,761
2,159
22,572
1,002
2,982
4,487
637
49,493
52,549
5,019
2,190
23,559
692
1,094
381
74
12,067
146
7,536
11,824
3,299
4,608
1,802
572
12,630
14,089
59,399
750,886
301,675
2020
197
5,324
1,121
23,330
981
3,199
4,886
719
52,520
58,652
5,492
2,767
30,084
743
1,176
426
83
12,838
154
7,228
13,363
3,273
5,050
2,049
568
12,828
13,396
63,500
770,650
325,944
2021e
224
6,245
1,276
26,153
1,363
3,915
5,274
749
56,561
62,766
8,006
3,112
33,157
824
1,308
403
91
13,953
204
8,438
15,099
3,899
5,294
1,985
763
14,849
13,443
71,938
793,990
361,290
2022e
293
7,361
1,430
28,106
1,403
4,040
5,716
869
55,939
62,725
8,393
3,045
32,423
909
1,690
523
107
16,696
247
9,104
17,806
3,753
6,013
2,416
788
14,810
9,272
72,171
821,830
368,045
NATO Europe and Canada
NATO Total
943,217
895,676
911,654
918,033
972,422
1,052,561
1,096,594
1,155,280
1,189,875
Constant 2015 prices and exchange rates
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia*
Lithuania*
Luxembourg
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland*
Portugal
Romania*
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Türkiye
United Kingdom
United States
150
4,400
643
15,562
892
1,683
3,399
431
43,936
39,274
4,358
1,035
20,788
246
357
216
59
8,650
106
5,862
8,532
2,562
2,324
832
411
10,608
11,783
61,287
660,021
250,221
132
4,204
633
18,689
883
1,921
3,364
463
43,496
39,833
4,520
1,132
19,576
282
471
250
57
8,673
105
6,142
10,588
2,645
2,581
987
401
11,096
11,953
59,505
641,253
254,423
130
4,189
650
18,219
831
1,833
3,586
488
44,100
41,173
4,676
1,280
21,936
401
628
239
59
9,057
100
6,799
9,800
2,579
2,617
1,012
447
9,970
12,985
62,368
651,246
261,994
135
4,204
657
23,278
883
2,095
3,657
501
44,860
43,438
4,683
1,593
22,759
459
759
317
59
9,254
94
6,861
9,745
2,605
3,437
1,030
458
11,495
14,494
63,710
626,409
277,427
147
4,319
800
21,614
858
2,312
4,187
523
46,483
44,567
5,084
1,416
23,390
618
906
325
63
10,032
102
6,965
10,979
2,902
3,767
1,186
491
12,049
17,959
65,270
640,087
289,212
166
4,400
1,799
21,978
920
2,546
4,321
554
47,458
48,653
4,985
1,971
22,472
620
963
366
64
11,126
129
7,565
11,280
3,057
4,009
1,696
531
12,009
18,472
65,830
699,062
299,810
163
4,767
879
22,791
901
2,649
4,497
617
48,066
52,440
5,396
2,476
27,770
653
1,001
384
70
11,368
134
8,053
12,420
2,918
4,235
1,848
511
11,835
18,887
66,662
704,414
314,391
166
5,168
909
22,103
1,166
2,910
4,557
588
49,261
52,516
7,431
2,523
29,373
655
1,008
329
71
11,693
162
7,336
13,132
3,330
4,129
1,686
645
12,930
18,203
70,226
713,804
324,206
227
5,965
977
22,063
1,215
2,846
4,906
672
50,019
51,905
7,761
2,415
29,301
672
1,213
423
83
14,447
203
6,765
14,921
3,243
4,518
1,997
663
13,035
14,063
71,462
722,799
327,980
NATO Europe and Canada
NATO Total
910,241
895,676
913,240
903,836
929,299
998,873
1,018,805
1,038,010
1,050,780
Notes: Figures for 2021 and 2022 are estimates. The NATO Europe and Canada and NATO Total aggregates from 2017 onwards include Montenegro, which became an Ally on
5 June 2017, and from 2020 onwards include North Macedonia, which became an Ally on 27 March 2020.
* These Allies have national laws or political agreements which call for 2% of GDP to be spent on defence annually, consequently future estimates are expected to change
accordingly. For past years Allies defence spending was based on the then available GDP data and Allies may, therefore, have met the 2% guideline when using those figures. (In
2018, Lithuania met 2% using November 2018 OECD figures.)
-7-
 UPN, Alm.del - 2021-22 - Bilag 326: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-2022)
2601824_0008.png
Table 3 : Defence expenditure as a share of GDP and annual real change
Based on 2015 prices
2014
Share of real GDP (%)
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia*
Lithuania*
Luxembourg
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland*
Portugal
Romania*
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Türkiye
United Kingdom
United States
1.35
0.97
1.31
1.01
1.82
0.94
1.15
1.93
1.82
1.19
2.22
0.86
1.14
0.94
0.88
0.37
1.50
1.15
1.09
1.55
1.86
1.31
1.35
0.99
0.97
0.92
1.45
2.13
3.72
2015
1.16
0.91
1.25
1.20
1.76
1.02
1.11
2.03
1.78
1.19
2.31
0.90
1.07
1.03
1.14
0.42
1.40
1.13
1.05
1.59
2.22
1.33
1.45
1.11
0.93
0.93
1.38
2.01
3.52
2016
1.10
0.89
1.24
1.16
1.60
0.95
1.15
2.07
1.79
1.20
2.40
1.00
1.18
1.44
1.48
0.38
1.42
1.16
0.97
1.74
1.99
1.27
1.41
1.12
1.00
0.81
1.45
2.06
3.52
2017
1.11
0.88
1.22
1.44
1.64
1.03
1.14
2.01
1.78
1.23
2.38
1.19
1.20
1.59
1.71
0.50
1.34
1.15
0.89
1.72
1.89
1.24
1.72
1.11
0.98
0.91
1.51
2.06
3.31
2018
1.16
0.89
1.45
1.30
1.55
1.10
1.28
2.02
1.81
1.25
2.54
1.01
1.23
2.06
1.97
0.50
1.37
1.22
0.94
1.73
2.02
1.34
1.81
1.23
1.01
0.93
1.82
2.08
3.29
2019
1.28
0.89
3.13
1.30
1.61
1.18
1.29
2.05
1.81
1.35
2.45
1.34
1.17
2.02
2.00
0.54
1.33
1.32
1.16
1.86
1.98
1.37
1.84
1.71
1.06
0.91
1.85
2.06
3.51
2020
1.30
1.02
1.60
1.42
1.71
1.30
1.37
2.35
2.00
1.53
2.91
1.77
1.59
2.21
2.08
0.58
1.73
1.41
1.27
2.00
2.23
1.43
2.02
1.95
1.06
1.00
1.86
2.30
3.66
2021e
1.22
1.04
1.59
1.32
2.01
1.39
1.33
2.07
1.91
1.49
3.70
1.68
1.58
2.11
2.00
0.47
1.57
1.38
1.47
1.75
2.22
1.56
1.86
1.73
1.24
1.04
1.62
2.26
3.51
2022e
1.62
1.18
1.67
1.27
2.03
1.33
1.39
2.34
1.90
1.44
3.76
1.55
1.54
2.10
2.36
0.58
1.75
1.65
1.78
1.55
2.42
1.44
1.99
2.00
1.22
1.01
1.22
2.12
3.47
NATO Europe and Canada
NATO Total
1.43
2.58
1.42
2.48
1.44
2.48
1.48
2.40
1.51
2.41
1.54
2.53
1.72
2.72
1.68
2.62
1.64
2.57
Annual real change (%)
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia*
Lithuania*
Luxembourg
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland*
Portugal
Romania*
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Türkiye
United Kingdom
United States
-2.74
-2.25
-9.08
4.95
25.91
-4.91
-4.84
3.75
-1.21
-1.39
0.44
-5.32
-9.81
2.39
19.38
5.24
4.49
0.19
-3.58
5.35
11.39
-8.52
8.52
3.25
-4.42
0.36
0.78
-1.37
-5.19
-0.95
-4.06
-11.76
-4.44
-1.56
20.10
-0.99
14.14
-1.03
7.41
-1.00
1.42
3.72
9.37
-5.83
14.66
31.96
15.55
-3.50
0.26
-0.09
4.78
24.10
3.25
11.06
18.61
-2.37
4.60
1.44
-2.91
-2.84
1.68
-1.60
-1.90
-0.36
2.80
-2.52
-5.90
-4.61
6.61
5.26
1.39
3.36
3.47
13.07
12.05
42.29
33.13
-4.04
4.33
4.43
-4.71
10.70
-7.45
-2.51
1.40
2.51
11.42
-10.15
8.64
4.81
1.56
2.98
1.96
4.32
0.36
0.96
27.76
6.22
14.32
1.98
2.69
1.72
5.50
0.15
24.43
3.75
14.61
20.84
32.35
-1.34
2.17
-6.75
0.90
-0.56
1.03
31.35
1.80
2.45
15.30
11.61
2.15
-3.81
5.89
-1.03
8.84
2.73
21.80
-7.15
-2.81
10.32
14.47
4.48
3.62
2.60
8.55
-11.15
2.77
34.53
19.38
2.63
7.29
8.41
8.40
1.51
12.67
11.40
9.60
15.18
7.31
4.81
23.91
2.45
2.18
4.25
2.82
12.67
1.88
124.95
1.68
7.27
10.14
3.20
5.78
2.10
9.17
-1.94
39.20
-3.93
0.37
6.36
12.45
1.36
10.90
26.82
8.61
2.74
5.32
6.41
42.97
8.13
-0.32
2.86
0.86
9.21
3.66
7.49
-2.15
8.33
-51.13
3.70
-2.09
4.03
4.08
11.44
1.28
7.78
8.25
25.66
23.58
5.36
3.96
5.08
10.02
2.18
4.26
6.46
10.10
-4.54
5.64
8.97
-3.77
-1.45
2.25
1.26
0.77
4.86
2.00
1.99
8.43
3.37
-3.02
29.40
9.88
1.35
-4.70
2.49
0.14
37.70
1.88
5.77
0.20
0.67
-14.42
1.83
2.86
20.42
-8.90
5.73
14.13
-2.50
-8.78
26.25
9.25
-3.63
5.35
1.33
3.12
1.89
36.64
15.42
7.49
-0.18
4.22
-2.21
7.64
14.29
1.54
-1.16
4.44
-4.28
-0.24
2.71
20.35
28.73
15.71
23.55
25.34
-7.78
13.62
-2.62
9.43
18.48
2.81
0.81
-22.74
1.76
1.26
1.16
1.23
NATO Europe and Canada
NATO Total
Notes: Figures for 2021 and 2022 are estimates. The NATO Europe and Canada and NATO Total aggregates from 2017 onwards include Montenegro, which became an Ally on
5 June 2017, and from 2020 onwards include North Macedonia, which became an Ally on 27 March 2020.
* These Allies have national laws or political agreements which call for 2% of GDP to be spent on defence annually, consequently future estimates are expected to change
accordingly. For past years Allies defence spending was based on the then available GDP data and Allies may, therefore, have met the 2% guideline when using those figures. (In
2018, Lithuania met 2% using November 2018 OECD figures.)
-8-
 UPN, Alm.del - 2021-22 - Bilag 326: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-2022)
2601824_0009.png
Table 4 : Defence expenditure real change 2014-2022
Million US dollars (2015 prices and exchange rates)
2014
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Türkiye
United Kingdom
United States
Note: Figures for 2021 and 2022 are estimates.
Real change 2014-
2022e (%)
2022e
227
5,965
977
22,063
1,215
2,846
4,906
672
50,019
51,905
7,761
2,415
29,301
672
1,213
423
83
14,447
203
6,765
14,921
3,243
4,518
1,997
663
13,035
14,063
71,462
722,799
51.00
35.57
52.00
41.78
36.24
69.07
44.33
55.72
13.85
32.16
78.10
133.18
40.95
173.74
239.51
96.05
40.02
67.01
92.06
15.41
74.88
26.59
94.44
140.02
61.52
22.88
19.35
16.60
9.51
Share of real GDP
2014 (%)
1.35
0.97
1.31
1.01
1.82
0.94
1.15
1.93
1.82
1.19
2.22
0.86
1.14
0.94
0.88
0.37
1.50
1.15
1.09
1.55
1.86
1.31
1.35
0.99
0.97
0.92
1.45
2.13
3.72
Share of real GDP
2022e (%)
1.62
1.18
1.67
1.27
2.03
1.33
1.39
2.34
1.90
1.44
3.76
1.55
1.54
2.10
2.36
0.58
1.75
1.65
1.78
1.55
2.42
1.44
1.99
2.00
1.22
1.01
1.22
2.12
3.47
150
4,400
643
15,562
892
1,683
3,399
431
43,936
39,274
4,358
1,035
20,788
246
357
216
59
8,650
106
5,862
8,532
2,562
2,324
832
411
10,608
11,783
61,287
660,021
-9-
 UPN, Alm.del - 2021-22 - Bilag 326: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-2022)
2601824_0010.png
Table 5 : Real GDP
Billion US dollars (2015 prices and exchange rates)
2014
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Türkiye
United Kingdom
United States
11
453
49
1,546
49
178
296
22
2,415
3,313
196
121
17
1,824
26
41
59
4
751
10
378
458
196
173
84
42
1,152
815
2,882
17,726
17,547
2015
11
462
51
1,557
50
188
303
23
2,441
3,355
196
125
18
1,836
27
41
60
4
766
10
386
477
199
178
89
43
1,196
864
2,957
18,206
17,898
2016
12
468
52
1,572
52
193
312
24
2,465
3,426
195
128
19
1,861
28
42
63
4
782
10
390
492
203
186
90
44
1,232
893
3,024
18,510
18,250
2017
12
476
54
1,620
54
203
321
25
2,525
3,529
197
134
19
1,894
29
44
64
4
806
10
399
516
211
200
93
47
1,269
960
3,089
18,927
18,791
2018
13
485
55
1,665
55
210
328
26
2,571
3,568
200
141
20
1,909
30
46
65
5
824
11
403
544
217
209
97
49
1,298
988
3,140
19,480
19,159
2019
13
495
57
1,696
57
216
335
27
2,620
3,607
204
147
21
1,919
31
48
67
5
840
11
406
570
222
217
99
50
1,325
997
3,192
19,925
19,483
2020
13
467
55
1,607
53
203
328
26
2,413
3,429
185
140
19
1,744
30
48
66
4
808
11
404
557
204
209
95
48
1,181
1,015
2,896
19,247
18,258
2021e
14
496
57
1,680
58
210
343
28
2,576
3,527
201
150
20
1,860
31
51
71
5
849
11
419
591
214
222
98
52
1,242
1,127
3,112
20,339
19,312
2022e
14
508
58
1,743
60
214
353
29
2,637
3,593
206
156
21
1,907
32
51
73
5
874
11
436
617
225
227
100
54
1,292
1,157
3,368
20,838
20,022
NATO Europe and Canada
NATO Total
35,273
36,104
36,760
37,719
38,638
39,408
37,505
39,650
40,859
Notes: Figures for 2021 and 2022 are estimates. The NATO Europe and Canada and NATO Total aggregates from 2017 onwards include Montenegro, which became
an Ally on 5 June 2017, and from 2020 onwards include North Macedonia, which became an Ally on 27 March 2020.
-10-
 UPN, Alm.del - 2021-22 - Bilag 326: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-2022)
2601824_0011.png
Table 6 : GDP per capita and defence expenditure per capita
2015 prices and exchange rates
2014
GDP per capita (thousand US dollars)
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Türkiye
United Kingdom
United States
3.9
40.4
6.8
43.6
11.6
16.9
52.4
17.0
36.4
40.9
18.0
12.2
51.2
30.2
13.2
13.9
105.1
6.3
44.5
4.7
73.7
11.9
18.8
8.7
15.5
20.5
24.8
10.6
44.6
55.6
2015
4.0
41.0
7.1
43.6
11.9
17.8
53.3
17.4
36.7
41.1
18.1
12.7
53.0
30.5
13.8
14.3
105.4
6.5
45.2
4.9
74.3
12.4
19.3
9.0
16.3
20.9
25.8
11.0
45.4
56.7
2016
4.1
41.3
7.3
43.5
12.4
18.2
54.5
17.9
36.9
41.6
18.1
13.0
55.5
31.0
14.2
14.8
107.9
6.7
45.9
5.0
74.5
12.8
19.7
9.4
16.6
21.5
26.5
11.3
46.1
57.3
2017
4.3
41.8
7.6
44.3
13.0
19.2
55.7
18.9
37.6
42.7
18.3
13.6
56.5
31.6
14.9
15.7
107.0
7.0
47.0
5.0
75.6
13.4
20.4
10.2
17.1
22.6
27.3
12.0
46.8
58.2
2018
4.4
42.4
7.9
44.9
13.5
19.7
56.6
19.6
38.2
43.0
18.6
14.4
57.7
31.9
15.6
16.4
107.0
7.4
47.8
5.2
76.0
14.2
21.1
10.7
17.7
23.5
27.8
12.1
47.3
59.6
2019
4.5
43.1
8.2
45.1
14.1
20.2
57.5
20.3
38.7
43.4
19.0
15.1
57.8
32.1
16.1
17.2
108.3
7.7
48.4
5.3
76.0
14.8
21.6
11.2
18.2
24.1
28.1
12.1
47.8
60.7
2020
4.4
40.4
7.9
42.3
13.0
19.0
56.2
19.7
35.6
41.2
17.3
14.4
52.9
29.3
15.6
17.2
104.7
6.5
46.3
5.1
75.0
14.5
19.8
10.9
17.4
22.9
24.9
12.2
43.2
58.3
2021e
4.9
42.8
8.3
43.8
14.9
19.6
58.6
21.4
37.9
42.4
18.8
15.5
54.4
31.5
16.4
18.0
110.2
7.4
48.4
5.3
77.5
15.4
20.7
11.5
17.9
24.7
26.2
13.4
46.2
61.3
2022e
5.0
43.6
8.5
45.0
15.4
20.0
60.2
21.6
38.7
43.2
19.4
15.4
56.0
32.4
17.2
18.3
111.7
7.6
49.6
5.5
80.0
14.8
21.9
11.9
17.1
25.8
27.3
13.6
49.8
62.5
NATO Europe and Canada
NATO Total
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Türkiye
United Kingdom
United States
29.3
38.4
52
393
89
439
211
160
602
328
663
485
400
105
345
123
122
387
95
513
51
1,141
222
246
117
154
199
228
153
949
2,071
29.7
39.1
46
373
88
523
210
182
592
353
653
488
418
115
325
142
162
438
92
512
51
1,183
275
255
130
182
194
239
153
914
1,998
30.2
39.6
45
370
91
505
199
173
626
371
660
500
434
130
365
204
219
410
95
532
48
1,299
255
250
133
186
216
215
164
950
2,015
30.9
40.4
47
370
93
637
214
198
634
381
668
526
435
163
379
237
268
531
94
540
45
1,300
254
253
175
189
222
247
180
965
1,926
31.4
41.2
51
378
114
583
210
218
723
397
690
538
474
145
391
321
323
534
101
582
49
1,311
286
282
193
218
237
258
221
982
1,958
31.8
41.9
58
383
258
585
226
239
743
418
702
586
465
202
376
324
345
588
102
641
62
1,414
294
297
207
311
254
255
224
986
2,128
29.6
39.6
57
413
127
600
223
248
771
464
709
631
504
254
467
344
358
609
113
652
65
1,497
324
283
220
338
243
250
227
994
2,134
31.3
41.8
59
446
132
576
300
272
779
442
724
631
696
260
497
348
360
513
115
667
78
1,356
343
324
215
309
306
273
216
1,042
2,151
32.1
42.7
82
513
143
569
313
266
835
505
734
624
730
238
498
360
432
651
133
820
98
1,242
359
315
237
342
314
275
166
1,056
2,167
Defence expenditure per capita (US dollars)
NATO Europe and Canada
NATO Total
418
992
423
971
433
984
457
969
474
992
489
1,061
510
1,076
525
1,093
526
1,098
Notes: Figures for 2021 and 2022 are estimates. The NATO Europe and Canada and NATO Total aggregates from 2017 onwards include Montenegro, which became an
Ally on 5 June 2017, and from 2020 onwards include North Macedonia, which became an Ally on 27 March 2020.
-11-
 UPN, Alm.del - 2021-22 - Bilag 326: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-2022)
2601824_0012.png
Table 7 : Military personnel
Thousands
2014
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Türkiye
United Kingdom
United States
6.7
30.5
27.5
65.9
15.4
20.2
16.9
6.3
207.0
178.8
107.3
17.5
183.5
4.6
8.6
0.8
1.9
41.2
6.5
21.0
99.0
30.7
65.1
12.4
6.8
121.8
426.6
168.7
1,338.2
1,891
3,229
2015
6.2
29.7
24.9
70.3
15.1
21.5
17.2
6.0
204.8
177.2
104.4
17.4
178.4
4.8
11.8
0.8
1.7
40.6
6.8
20.9
98.9
28.3
64.5
12.4
6.6
121.6
384.8
141.4
1,314.1
1,811
3,125
2016
5.8
28.8
24.7
70.5
14.8
22.7
17.3
6.1
208.1
177.9
106.0
17.9
176.3
5.2
11.8
0.8
1.5
40.0
6.6
20.5
101.6
29.8
63.4
12.2
6.5
121.0
359.3
139.5
1,301.4
1,788
3,090
2017
6.8
27.8
24.3
68.2
14.8
23.8
16.7
6.0
208.2
179.8
106.9
18.7
174.6
5.5
13.5
0.8
1.5
39.5
6.3
20.2
105.3
27.8
64.0
12.2
6.3
117.7
416.7
149.4
1,305.9
1,857
3,163
2018
6.8
26.5
24.4
70.3
15.0
24.7
17.2
6.2
208.2
181.5
109.2
19.9
174.1
5.9
14.3
0.9
1.5
39.3
6.5
20.2
109.5
26.9
64.0
12.2
6.2
117.4
444.3
146.6
1,317.4
1,893
3,210
2019
6.8
23.3
24.6
71.8
14.8
25.3
16.3
6.3
207.8
183.8
102.5
18.9
176.4
6.0
14.9
0.9
1.5
39.7
6.4
19.2
113.1
23.8
64.5
12.2
6.0
117.0
441.8
144.0
1,329.2
1,883
3,212
2020
6.7
22.8
25.0
70.3
14.7
26.1
16.9
6.7
207.6
183.9
106.6
19.8
173.4
6.4
15.1
0.8
1.9
40.0
6.4
20.6
116.2
23.7
66.4
12.7
6.0
118.7
433.0
147.3
1,346.7
1,896
3,242
2021e
6.6
22.7
25.8
68.2
14.4
26.4
16.9
6.8
207.5
184.8
110.4
19.8
171.5
6.6
15.2
0.8
1.6
40.8
6.1
22.2
121.0
24.5
68.6
12.7
6.0
118.7
439.1
156.2
1,348.4
1,922
3,270
2022e
6.6
22.5
27.4
68.2
15.2
26.9
17.2
6.9
207.1
188.5
111.4
21.4
174.8
7.5
17.2
0.9
1.7
41.6
6.2
22.6
122.5
26.5
78.5
13.8
5.9
118.2
446.9
156.2
1,346.4
1,960
3,307
NATO Europe and Canada
NATO Total
Notes: Figures for 2021 and 2022 are estimates. The NATO Europe and Canada and NATO Total aggregates from 2017 onwards include Montenegro, which became an
Ally on 5 June 2017, and from 2020 onwards include North Macedonia, which became an Ally on 27 March 2020.
-12-
 UPN, Alm.del - 2021-22 - Bilag 326: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-2022)
2601824_0013.png
Table 8a : Distribution of defence expenditure by main category
Percentage of total defence expenditure
2014
Equipment (a)
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Türkiye
United Kingdom
United States
16.65
3.52
1.03
13.03
5.56
6.53
10.99
22.15
24.64
12.94
8.17
7.76
10.92
7.55
14.06
22.61
7.46
10.68
5.92
20.42
18.84
8.43
15.77
11.12
0.66
13.49
25.08
22.82
25.97
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021e
2022e
8.92
3.44
3.47
10.47
8.01
11.75
11.50
12.82
25.04
11.93
10.40
9.75
9.72
13.60
21.55
33.33
5.43
11.16
11.13
21.83
33.20
8.70
19.65
18.28
1.85
14.82
25.13
21.75
25.41
8.01
4.72
9.15
10.61
7.51
6.70
13.68
17.86
24.44
12.21
13.45
13.37
19.09
19.05
30.06
30.07
4.46
14.14
8.37
23.37
21.62
9.95
20.43
15.32
1.02
6.65
25.55
21.24
25.05
6.96
6.52
8.10
10.70
5.69
11.55
10.39
19.22
24.17
11.77
11.28
18.54
20.68
15.01
31.61
42.06
4.97
14.75
6.47
24.63
22.04
11.42
33.34
17.74
4.04
20.39
30.30
22.29
25.73
9.42
10.15
9.65
11.94
3.37
11.16
11.66
16.51
23.66
12.36
11.03
12.63
19.13
31.85
36.98
45.18
11.14
16.39
11.09
25.60
27.51
15.48
33.47
22.27
5.98
21.83
37.64
22.25
27.06
14.61
11.06
59.74
13.84
6.55
16.44
16.21
15.50
24.53
14.69
11.55
36.46
17.00
21.65
37.57
52.27
14.96
20.34
13.82
28.76
23.36
16.61
25.59
40.07
7.11
21.02
34.32
22.85
29.06
15.00
13.88
8.44
14.67
9.06
17.31
17.65
23.00
26.62
17.45
10.70
45.57
18.56
20.53
33.71
52.00
20.96
22.13
11.53
28.41
29.31
17.36
23.12
31.84
5.69
19.43
30.73
23.83
29.69
15.12
19.47
11.05
13.66
30.01
20.47
17.19
23.18
27.80
18.60
37.24
37.16
23.22
22.07
22.32
46.95
20.54
23.82
21.77
29.19
33.89
16.83
21.57
27.44
14.56
22.47
29.31
26.13
28.90
19.96
19.30
22.63
18.69
30.49
19.16
29.90
21.57
28.55
20.89
45.33
48.02
22.69
24.58
30.54
52.37
25.04
23.74
31.06
31.62
20.43
17.93
25.96
26.31
17.93
26.20
30.79
28.06
27.23
Personnel (b)
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Türkiye
United Kingdom
United States
68.05
77.84
72.84
50.90
76.55
61.40
51.27
38.62
48.59
50.67
77.18
49.77
76.41
52.97
57.53
49.31
78.53
56.50
72.49
40.64
51.45
81.27
71.15
69.14
82.31
67.34
56.88
36.59
35.45
78.15
78.23
73.66
53.76
72.28
55.25
52.01
39.56
47.79
49.86
72.05
48.21
77.55
50.06
48.49
42.77
78.03
55.51
70.95
39.96
41.96
81.90
63.30
56.24
82.23
65.18
56.82
36.80
36.64
68.05
76.80
65.64
53.11
75.40
61.95
49.51
38.70
47.94
48.35
73.13
49.66
70.79
43.87
45.50
45.56
75.32
51.77
71.26
38.60
47.15
81.38
65.01
58.72
76.03
72.61
57.60
35.27
45.01
68.20
75.20
68.33
57.37
71.72
56.11
47.01
34.89
47.98
48.96
76.56
37.13
67.58
38.59
40.79
34.40
80.87
52.19
75.25
37.08
50.04
80.19
54.67
58.21
75.04
61.64
51.02
34.54
41.53
70.70
70.69
62.99
51.02
76.96
54.57
49.88
33.83
46.90
47.99
78.76
42.33
68.16
34.32
37.47
33.42
73.50
51.16
71.53
36.43
46.14
74.75
54.48
54.74
72.38
59.64
45.18
33.75
39.74
62.89
68.38
29.42
49.54
73.71
51.82
48.25
34.18
45.59
45.26
77.08
35.37
70.21
33.53
40.02
30.76
71.39
49.27
61.93
34.78
46.91
70.51
57.90
40.81
69.07
61.86
48.38
34.07
38.72
64.41
63.58
63.79
49.23
76.15
49.72
46.07
32.67
44.01
42.22
74.58
27.18
67.52
37.15
41.33
30.13
64.66
48.49
63.33
34.51
44.71
71.15
59.20
42.34
72.75
62.54
50.64
33.80
38.47
63.57
56.79
65.59
49.04
56.71
44.70
48.31
32.86
42.89
41.81
53.78
29.43
63.70
37.24
42.58
34.58
59.90
47.91
51.03
34.15
43.55
63.09
57.80
49.27
61.99
58.70
47.88
31.80
39.00
46.62
49.50
56.77
45.33
54.57
44.22
43.06
33.86
41.65
40.57
43.68
30.39
62.40
35.51
37.30
24.11
52.98
38.84
40.42
32.97
46.30
63.06
51.91
44.87
54.36
57.18
48.45
30.96
38.84
Notes: Figures for 2021 and 2022 are estimates.
(a) Equipment expenditure includes major equipment expenditure and R&D devoted to major equipment.
(b) Personnel expenditure includes military and civilian expenditure and pensions.
-13-
 UPN, Alm.del - 2021-22 - Bilag 326: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-2022)
2601824_0014.png
Table 8b : Distribution of defence expenditure by main category
Percentage of total defence expenditure
2014
Infrastructure (c)
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Türkiye
United Kingdom
United States
0.86
1.81
0.63
3.81
1.24
2.34
0.97
8.20
2.33
3.75
1.10
1.07
1.40
8.89
2.17
10.26
0.96
4.77
1.24
5.71
5.47
0.11
1.09
0.57
0.65
0.66
2.77
1.95
1.71
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021e
2022e
1.40
0.93
1.27
3.63
1.98
3.32
1.09
8.45
2.80
3.60
0.65
1.21
1.30
6.64
2.16
7.79
2.47
3.19
1.67
5.30
4.74
0.25
1.27
1.99
0.61
0.97
2.56
1.63
1.45
1.37
0.96
0.63
3.03
1.26
3.91
2.16
12.15
2.70
3.39
0.58
1.13
0.70
12.83
3.59
6.64
2.41
3.90
1.28
6.56
4.62
0.06
2.77
3.75
1.14
0.97
2.42
1.87
1.22
0.92
1.05
0.83
2.98
3.59
3.99
1.95
11.27
2.88
4.06
0.79
1.31
0.94
15.02
3.92
4.64
0.88
3.02
1.01
6.93
4.21
0.03
2.09
2.97
0.45
0.68
2.95
2.25
1.23
1.09
1.43
2.62
3.58
1.00
5.31
1.49
8.52
3.51
4.15
0.62
1.68
1.29
6.45
2.24
5.05
1.86
3.46
0.95
6.67
3.45
0.05
1.54
2.00
1.40
0.64
2.53
2.99
1.17
1.64
1.19
1.09
2.72
1.41
5.27
1.85
6.13
3.13
3.99
0.20
2.64
0.67
10.30
2.40
3.16
1.48
3.26
3.89
5.87
4.78
0.11
3.53
1.17
0.57
0.98
2.26
2.11
1.38
1.39
1.00
7.71
3.07
1.53
7.41
1.84
6.65
2.88
3.78
0.18
1.41
0.97
11.85
1.25
3.42
1.33
3.14
2.78
6.55
4.31
0.08
4.29
5.21
1.10
1.07
2.22
1.72
1.33
3.61
0.82
4.93
3.14
0.55
6.24
4.08
5.55
3.03
2.50
0.26
3.59
1.53
5.28
2.47
7.28
5.26
2.98
3.09
6.45
3.71
0.11
7.06
2.32
1.31
1.08
7.49
1.49
1.21
11.42
2.67
4.75
3.52
3.16
9.93
4.67
9.16
3.03
2.38
0.05
2.95
2.21
8.68
4.98
11.22
7.18
3.35
2.92
5.99
4.98
0.06
7.75
2.10
3.59
0.76
6.91
2.05
1.52
Other (d)
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Türkiye
United Kingdom
United States
14.44
16.83
25.51
32.26
16.65
29.73
36.78
31.03
24.43
32.63
13.55
41.40
11.27
30.59
26.24
17.82
13.06
28.05
20.34
33.24
24.24
10.19
11.98
19.16
16.38
18.50
15.27
38.63
36.87
11.53
17.40
21.60
32.14
17.73
29.67
35.40
39.18
24.37
34.61
16.90
40.83
11.42
29.69
27.79
16.11
14.07
30.14
16.25
32.90
20.11
9.15
15.78
23.49
15.31
19.03
15.49
39.82
36.51
22.57
17.52
24.57
33.25
15.83
27.45
34.65
31.30
24.92
36.05
12.84
35.84
9.42
24.25
20.85
17.73
17.80
30.20
19.09
31.46
26.61
8.61
11.79
22.22
21.80
19.78
14.43
41.62
28.73
23.92
17.23
22.74
28.95
18.99
28.35
40.66
34.62
24.97
35.20
11.37
43.01
10.80
31.38
23.67
18.90
13.27
30.04
17.26
31.36
23.71
8.35
9.90
21.08
20.47
17.28
15.73
40.92
31.52
18.79
17.72
24.74
33.46
18.67
28.95
36.97
41.14
25.92
35.49
9.60
43.36
11.43
27.38
23.30
16.35
13.50
28.99
16.43
31.30
22.89
9.72
10.51
20.99
20.24
17.89
14.65
41.01
32.03
20.86
19.36
9.74
33.90
18.33
26.47
33.69
44.20
26.74
36.06
11.17
25.53
12.11
34.51
20.01
13.81
12.16
27.13
20.36
30.59
24.95
12.77
12.99
17.95
23.25
16.14
15.04
40.97
30.84
19.20
21.54
20.05
33.04
13.27
25.56
34.44
37.68
26.49
36.55
14.55
25.84
12.95
30.46
23.71
14.45
13.06
26.24
22.37
30.53
21.67
11.41
13.38
20.60
20.46
16.96
16.41
40.65
30.51
17.70
22.92
18.43
34.16
12.73
28.58
30.42
38.40
26.28
37.09
8.72
29.82
11.55
35.42
32.63
11.20
14.30
25.29
24.10
30.21
18.85
19.97
13.57
20.98
22.14
17.76
15.32
40.59
30.89
22.00
28.52
15.85
32.46
11.78
26.68
22.37
35.40
26.76
36.16
10.93
18.63
12.70
31.23
27.18
12.30
14.81
34.07
25.60
29.42
28.29
18.95
14.38
26.72
24.12
15.86
13.85
38.93
32.41
Notes: Figures for 2021 and 2022 are estimates.
(c) Infrastructure expenditure includes NATO common infrastructure and national military construction.
(d) Other expenditure includes operations and maintenance expenditure, other R&D expenditure and expenditure not allocated among above-mentioned categories.
-14-
 UPN, Alm.del - 2021-22 - Bilag 326: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-2022)
NATO defence expenditure
NATO defines defence expenditure as payments
made by a national government specifically to
meet the needs of its armed forces, those of
Allies or of the Alliance. A major component of
defence expenditure is payments for Armed
Forces financed from within the Ministry of
Defence (MoD) budget. Armed Forces include
Land, Maritime and Air forces as well as Joint
formations such as Administration and
Command, Special Operations Forces, Medical
Service, Logistic Command, Space Command,
Cyber Command, etc. They might also include
"Other Forces" like Ministry of Interior troops,
national police forces, gendarmerie, carabinieri,
coast guards etc. In such cases, expenditure is
included only in proportion to the forces that are
trained in military tactics, are equipped as a
military force, can operate under direct military
authority in deployed operations, and can,
realistically, be deployed outside national territory
in support of a military force. Also, expenditure
on Other Forces financed through the budgets
of ministries other than MoD is included in
defence expenditure.
Pension payments made directly by the
government to retired military and civilian
employees of military departments is included
regardless of whether these payments are made
from the budget of the MoD or other ministries.
Expenditure for peacekeeping and humanitarian
operations (paid by MoD or other ministries),
the destruction of weapons, equipment and
ammunition, contributions to eligible NATO-
managed trust funds, and the costs associated
with inspection and control of equipment
destruction are included in defence expenditure.
Research and development (R&D) costs are
included in defence expenditure. R&D costs also
include expenditure for those projects that do
not successfully lead to production of equipment.
Expenditure for the military component of
mixed civilian-military activities is included, but
only when the military component can be
specifically accounted for or estimated.
Expenditure on NATO common infrastructure
is included in the total defence expenditure of
each Ally only to the extent of that nation's net
contribution.
War damage payments and spending on civil
defence are both excluded from the NATO
definition of defence expenditure.
NATO uses United States dollars (USD) as the
common currency denominator. The exchange
rate applied to each Ally is the average annual
rate published by the International Monetary
Fund (IMF).
Note to readers:
Iceland has no armed forces. For nations of the
Euro zone, and Montenegro, monetary values in
national currency are expressed in Euros for all
years. Latvia adopted the Euro from 2014 and
Lithuania from 2015. Montenegro joined the
Alliance in 2017 and North Macedonia in 2020.
To avoid any ambiguity, the fiscal year has been
designated by the year which includes the highest
number of months: e.g. 2022 represents the fiscal
year 2022/2023 for Canada and United
Kingdom, and the fiscal year 2021/2022 for the
United States. Because of rounding, the total
figures may differ from the sum of their
components.
Conventional signs:
e
-
..
|
.
estimated
nil
not available
break in continuity of series
decimal point
-
15
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 UPN, Alm.del - 2021-22 - Bilag 326: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-2022)
Nomenclature of NATO defence expenditure:
1
1.1
1.1.1
1.1.2
1.1.3
1.2
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.3
1.3.1
1.3.2
1.4
1.4.1
1.4.2
1.4.3
1.4.4
1.4.5
1.4.6
2
2.1
2.1.1
2.1.2
2.1.3
2.1.4
2.1.5
2.1.6
2.1.7
2.1.8
2.1.9
2.1.10
2.1.11
2.2
2.3
2.3.1
2.3.2
2.3.3
2.3.4
3
3.1
3.2
4
5
6
7
Operating costs
Military personnel
Pay and allowances
Employer's contributions to retirement funds
Other
Civilian personnel
Pay and allowances
Employer's contributions to retirement funds
Pensions
Paid to military retirees
Paid to civilian retirees
Operations and maintenance
Ammunition and explosives (excluding nuclear)
Petroleum products
Spare parts
Other equipment and supplies
Rents
Other operations and maintenance
Procurement and construction
Major equipment
Missile systems
Missiles (conventional weapons)
Nuclear weapons
Aircraft
Artillery
Combat vehicles
Engineering equipment
Weapons and small arms
Transport vehicles
Ships and harbour craft
Electronic and communications equipment
National military construction
NATO
common infrastructure
Expenditure as host nation
Payments to other nations
Receipts from other nations
Land and utilities
Research and development
Devoted to major equipment
Other
Other expenditure
Total
Statistical discrepancy
Adjusted total
Main categories of defence expenditure:
-
Equipment (Table 8a) – lines 2.1 + 3.1
-
Personnel (Table 8a) – lines 1.1 + 1.2 + 1.3
-
Infrastructure (Table 8b) – lines 2.2 + 2.3
-
Other (Table 8b) – lines 1.4 + 3.2 + 4
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16
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