Det Udenrigspolitiske Nævn 2021-22
UPN Alm.del Bilag 211
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EXTRAORDINARY SUMMIT
OF NATO HEADS OF STATE
AND GOVERNMENT
24 March 2022
Policy Brief
074 SPE 22 E | Original: English | March 2022
This Policy Brief is presented for information only and does not
represent the official view of the Assembly.
 UPN, Alm.del - 2021-22 - Bilag 211: Policy Brief / NATO Summit
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074 SPE 22 E
EXTRAORDINARY SUMMIT OF NATO HEADS OF STATE AND GOVERNMENT,
24 MARCH 2022:
KEY TAKEAWAYS
Agenda
•
NATO’s response to Russia’s war
•
Support for Ukraine
•
NATO long-term transformation in the wake of Russia’s war
Decisions
•
Allied leaders adopted a
statement
on support for Ukraine and NATO’s response
to Russia’s war. They agreed to:
o
Provide additional assistance to Ukraine,
including for
cybersecurity
and
protection against CBRN threats
o
Approve deployment of
four additional battlegroups
to the Alliance’s East
(Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, Slovakia)
o
Reset NATO deterrence and defence for the long term
o
Accelerate efforts to meet the Defence Investment Pledge
o
Step up support to other partners at risk from Russian threats and
interference
Other main messages:
•
Any use by Russia of a
chemical or biological weapon
would be unacceptable and
result in severe consequences.
•
Called on
China
to refrain from supporting Russia’s war effort
•
Called on
Belarus
to stop acting as an accomplice to Putin’s invasion
•
Reaffirmed strong commitment to
NATO’s Open Door policy
Additional points
•
Ukraine’s President Volodymyr Zelenskyy addressed the NATO Summit.
•
Allies extended the mandate of NATO Secretary General (SG) Jens Stoltenberg until
30 September 2023.
•
This was the second NATO Summit in a month in response to Russia’s war against
Ukraine.
•
The NATO Summit was immediately followed by G7 and EU Summits.
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074 SPE 22 E
I.
A.
RUSSIA’S WAR AGAINST UKRAINE
WHAT RUSSIA’S WAR MEANS
•
Allied leaders agreed that Russia’s war:
o
presents the
gravest threat to Euro-Atlantic security
in decades;
o
threatens global security
because it seeks
to destroy the foundations of
international security and stability;
o
presents a
fundamental challenge to the Allied values and norms.
•
NATO SG:
o
“NATO’s
security environment has fundamentally changed.
For the long
haul.”
o
“Russia
has walked away from the NATO-Russia Founding Act.
They have
violated it again and again.
B.
WHAT RUSSIA MUST DO
•
Allied leaders agreed that Russia must:
o
allow humanitarian access and safe passage
for civilians in besieged cities;
o
immediately implement a ceasefire;
o
constructively engage in
credible negotiations;
and
o
move towards a
sustainable ceasefire
followed by
a complete withdrawal;
o
stop its
escalatory rhetoric.
WHAT ALLIES WILL CONTINUE TO DO VIS-À-VIS RUSSIA
•
Allied leaders made clear that they will continue to:
o
hold
accountable those responsible for violations of humanitarian and
international law,
including war crimes;
o
counter Russia’s lies
and expose fabricated narratives or manufactured “false
flag” operations;
o
impose
massive sanctions and heavy political costs;
o
work
in coordination with relevant stakeholders and other international
organizations,
including the European Union; and
o
maintain the
closest transatlantic coordination.
WHAT BELARUS MUST DO
•
Allied leaders called upon Belarus to
end its complicity.
•
NATO SG: “Belarus allowed its territory to be used as a ground for mobilising and
amassing troops that invaded Ukraine. And Belarus continues to enable the invasion
by providing the territory, airfields, military infrastructure, bases, but also by allowing
Russia to use Belarusian airspace to launch attacks […].”
WHAT CHINA MUST DO
•
Allied leaders noted their
concern about recent public comments
by China.
•
Allied leaders called upon China to
o
uphold the international order,
including the principles of sovereignty and
territorial integrity;
o
abstain from supporting Russia’s war effort;
o
refrain from any action that helps Russia circumvent sanctions;
o
cease amplifying false narratives;
and
o
promote a peaceful resolution.
C.
D.
E.
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074 SPE 22 E
•
NATO SG Stoltenberg: “[…] for NATO, it is of particular concern that
China now for
the first time has questioned some of the key principles of our security,
including
the right for every nation in Europe to choose its own path. Because in the joint
statement between President Xi and President Putin, they actually, together, stated
that
they are against any further enlargement of NATO and that is new.”
SUPPORTING UKRAINE AND DETERRING AND PREVENTING ESCALATION
PRESIDENT ZELENSKY’S ADDRESS
•
In his address, President Zelenskyy:
o
thanked Allies for their support;
o
regretted NATO has not given a “clear answer” to his request for a no-fly zone and
“has yet to show what the Alliance can do to save people”;
o
urged Allies to provide military assistance to Ukraine without restrictions;
specifically, he called on Allies to provide “1%” of all Allied planes and tanks, as
well as MLRS rocket systems, anti-ship weapons and means of air defence;
o
claimed Russia used phosphorous bombs earlier in the day;
o
said Ukrainian forces had clearly demonstrated they met NATO standards;
o
warned that Russia would likely extend its aggression beyond Ukraine.
NATO SUPPORT
1) Ongoing Political and Practical Support
•
Political support: Allied leaders:
o
offered their
full solidarity;
o
reaffirmed
unwavering support for Ukraine’s independence, sovereignty and
territorial integrity,
and Ukraine’s
right to self-defence
under the UN Charter;
o
support Ukraine’s efforts to achieve peace,
including by individual Allies who
are weighing on Russia.
•
Practical support: NATO and Allies:
o
have provided
extensive support since 2014,
especially in terms of training,
military capabilities and capacities as well as resilience;
o
have
further stepped up practical support
over the last month, including anti-
tank and air defence systems, and drones, which “are proving highly effective”
according to the NATO SG
o
provide
extensive financial and humanitarian support;
and
o
host millions of refugees.
2) Additional support for Ukraine
•
Allied leaders decided:
o
to
provide more assistance,
including for
cybersecurity
and
protection
against threats of a chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear nature,
which could include detection, protection, and medical supplies, as well as training
for decontamination and crisis management; and
o
increase support further at the meeting of NATO Foreign Ministers in April.
C.
DETERRING THE THREAT OF CBRN WEAPONS USE
•
Allied leaders made clear that:
o
the
use of a chemical or biological weapon would be unacceptable
and result
in
severe consequences;
and
o
escalatory rhetoric is irresponsible and destabilising.
•
Allied leaders agreed
to both provide assistance to Ukraine against CBRN threats
and enhance Allied CBRN defences.
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II.
A.
B.
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074 SPE 22 E
•
NATO SG:
o
“Any use of
chemical weapons will totally change the nature of the conflict.
It
will be a blatant violation of international law and it will have widespread
consequences and, of course, be extremely dangerous.” He warned of the
risk
that an attack using chemical or biological weapons would
spill over and
affect populations in NATO countries.
o
“Russia
must stop its nuclear sabre-rattling.
[…] a nuclear war cannot be won
and should never be fought.”
D.
PREVENTING ESCALATION: NO NO-FLY ZONE; NO DEPLOYMENT IN UKRAINE
•
NATO SG Stoltenberg:
o
“We are determined to do all we can to support Ukraine. […] At the same time,
we
have a responsibility to ensure the conflict does not escalate further.
Because this would be even more dangerous and more devastating.”
o
This is why “Allies have declared that
we will not deploy troops on the ground
in Ukraine because the only way to do that is to be prepared to engage in full
conflict with Russian troops”
o
“[…]
we are not going to impose a no-fly zone because we believe that, that
will most likely trigger a full-fledged war between NATO and Russia.”
III.
A.
NATO TRANSFORMATION: DEFENCE, DETERRENCE & DEFENCE INVESTMENT
REAFFIRMING ARTICLE 5
•
Allied leaders made crystal clear:
o
their
unity and resolve to protect and defend the security of Allied
populations and every inch of Allied territory
under the iron-clad Article 5,
across all domains and with a 360-degree approach; and
o
that
NATO’s actions are preventive, proportionate and non-escalatory
MEASURES ALREADY IMPLEMENTED
•
Allies have already:
o
increased defence investment
over the last few years and in the context of this
grave crisis;
o
activated NATO’s defence plans;
o
deployed elements of the NATO Response Force;
and
o
placed
40,000 troops on NATO’s eastern flank
under NATO command,
along
with significant air and naval assets.
ADDITIONAL MEASURES
•
Allied leaders decided to:
o
stand up four additional multinational battlegroups
in Bulgaria, Hungary,
Romania, and Slovakia;
o
accelerate NATO’s transformation
for a more dangerous strategic reality,
including through the new Strategic Concept;
o
“reset” NATO’s longer term deterrence and defence posture;
o
further develop the full range of ready forces and capabilities,
including
through enhanced exercises, increasing the resilience of societies and
infrastructure, notably in the cyber domain;
o
stand ready to
impose costs on those who harm Allies in cyberspace;
o
further
increase preparedness and readiness for chemical, biological,
radiological and nuclear threats;
B.
C.
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074 SPE 22 E
o
o
accelerate efforts to fulfil Allied commitment to the Defence Investment
Pledge in its entirety;
and
take further decisions on NATO’s defence and deterrence posture and
defence investment at the NATO Summit in June in Madrid.
IV.
•
•
REAFFIRMATION OF THE OPEN DOOR POLICY AND SUPPORT TO PARTNERS
AT RISK
Allied leaders reaffirmed
their strong commitment to NATO’s Open Door policy
Allied leaders agreed to
increase support to partners affected by Russian threats
and interference,
including Georgia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, based on partner
requests. Concrete proposals will be put to NATO Foreign Minsters in April.
Statement / Press Conferences / Press releases
24 March 2022
Statement by NATO Heads of State and Government
Press conference by NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg following the extraordinary
Summit of NATO Heads of State and Government
North Atlantic Council extends mandate of the Secretary General
Allies stand strong together in NATO in the face of the biggest security threat in a generation
The NATO leaders will address the need for a reset of Allied deterrence and defence
23 March 2022
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074 SPE 22 E
Press conference by NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg previewing the extraordinary
Summit of NATO Heads of State and Government
NATO leaders will decide on next steps to protect and defend all Allies
______________
www.nato-pa.int
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