Klima-, Energi- og Forsyningsudvalget 2021-22
KEF Alm.del Bilag 265
Offentligt
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144th IPU Assembly
Nusa Dua, Indonesia
20-24 March 2022
Nusa Dua Declaration
Getting to zero: Mobilizing parliaments
to act on climate change
Endorsed by the 144th IPU Assembly
(Nusa Dua, 24 March 2022)
We, Members of Parliament, gathered together at the 144th IPU Assembly in Nusa Dua,
Indonesia, recognize the urgent need to address the climate crisis. Climate change poses
an existential threat to humankind and immediate action must be taken to minimize its
worst impacts.
Our current economic structures, energy use practices and food systems are causing
devastating consequences in all regions of the world, including hotter temperatures, an
increase in extreme weather events, sea level rise and the loss of biodiversity. Flooding
and cyclones have caused large-scale population displacement in South Asia. Recurrent
droughts in East and Southern Africa have repeatedly destroyed crops and caused
widespread food insecurity. Rising sea levels are reducing the land mass of small,
low-lying nations across the Pacific.
The recent findings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) show that
the goal of limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius, or even 2 degrees Celsius, will
be unreachable unless there are immediate reductions in greenhouse gas emissions,
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and that irreversible damage from climate change is already occurring.
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The burning of
fossil fuels, increased livestock farming and deforestation are all major causes of rising
emissions. Implementation of the Paris Agreement,
3
the landmark legally binding
international climate change treaty, is critical for ensuring that countries make rapid and
deep cuts in their emissions so that we reach a climate neutral world by 2050.
As parliamentarians, we must ensure that the climate commitments outlined in the Paris
Agreement and other international agreements, as well as the Sustainable Development
Goals, are met. As representatives of the people, we must ensure that the needs of our
populations, particularly those on the front lines of climate change, are addressed. We
acknowledge that there are costs to addressing climate change, but the costs of inaction
are far greater.
The science is clear and instructive: to keep the 1.5 degrees target within reach, we must
achieve net zero emissions by producing less carbon than the amount we take out of the
atmosphere by the second half of this century. We must demonstrate strong political
leadership in setting the framework required for net zero emissions.
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#IPU144
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2
3
https://www.ipcc.ch/2021/08/09/ar6-wg1-20210809-pr/
https://report.ipcc.ch/ar6wg2/pdf/IPCC_AR6_WGII_FinalDraft_FullReport.pdf
https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/english_paris_agreement.pdf
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Inadequate climate finance remains a major obstacle to effective climate action, particularly for
developing countries. Developed countries should urgently fulfil their promises to address this
funding gap, namely the US$ 100 billion pledge for climate finance by 2020 that is generally
understood to have been missed. Ample, sustainable and predictable climate finance, particularly
for adaptation, needs to be provided to developing countries in light of the findings outlined in the
recently released IPCC Working Group 2 report.
4
It is essential that funding for mitigation is
matched by equal resources for adaptation. The scaling-up of adaptation investments should
prioritize least developed countries, small island developing states, and other high-risk countries,
including those that are landlocked, mountainous or low-lying. Developing countries often have
very low greenhouse gas emissions yet pay a higher price for climate change. Developed countries
have the imperative responsibility not only to reduce their own emissions but also to ensure that
sufficient resources and technologies to combat climate change are made available to developing
countries with low emissions.
We therefore pledge to use all powers at our disposal to ensure that there are effective laws and
appropriate budgets to bolster climate action, including supporting the transition to clean energy
and strengthening adaptation. We must also scrutinize our governments’ response to the climate
crisis and hold them accountable over their actions to implement international and national climate
change agreements and policies.
As representatives of the people, we commit to meeting the needs of our constituents, particularly
those most at risk, resulting from climate change impacts. We recognize the need to hold open,
constructive dialogues with our constituents to discuss emerging climate issues. We must also
engage the public, including youth and the civil society groups that represent them, in formal
parliamentary processes including hearings and examination of new climate legislation.
Strengthening national-level action to meet global commitments
Parliaments have a responsibility to ensure that robust and ambitious national laws on climate
change are put in place that are directly aligned with the Paris Agreement, including its Nationally
Determined Contributions, the Sustainable Development Goals, and national climate and
development policies and strategies. Progress on climate action and sustainable development is
interdependent. We therefore pledge to adopt and implement laws that are mutually reinforcing in
those respects.
Countries around the globe have expressed the importance of stronger climate action, yet the
recent 26th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26) reaffirmed that the current level
of ambition is insufficient, and that not enough is being done on implementation in order to translate
commitments into action. From now on, we must adopt national laws and policies designed to close
the gap between ambition and implementation.
To increase ambition, we commit to enshrining a net zero emissions target in law and to
implementing a legal framework on emissions. National legislative and policy frameworks on
climate change must include clear, time-bound targets to facilitate oversight and accountability.
Accelerating a clean energy transition for a green COVID-19 recovery
The COVID-19 pandemic has had far-reaching health, social and economic consequences.
Despite these challenges, the pandemic recovery period presents an opportunity to introduce
fundamental changes to our current unsustainable energy systems. Such changes are desperately
needed if we want to contain rising temperatures before it is too late.
We must accelerate the clean energy transition to mitigate climate change. This requires a major
reallocation of resources from highly polluting energy sources, such as fossil fuels, to renewable
energy. The laws we introduce as parliamentarians must incentivize green investment and prioritize
budget allocations for low-carbon activities, including as part of COVID-19 recovery packages. We
must raise awareness of the economic benefits of a clean energy transition and its potential to
create millions of new jobs. We should phase out fossil fuel subsidies and increase the cost of
emission allowances. The current energy crisis, in which we are witnessing the soaring prices of
fossil fuels, makes the case for transitioning to renewable energy even more urgent. As part of the
process, we may wish to explore the use of nuclear energy as a clean source of energy.
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https://report.ipcc.ch/ar6wg2/pdf/IPCC_AR6_WGII_FinalDraft_FullReport.pdf
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We must match our efforts to scale up renewable energy investments with an equal commitment to
increase universal access to affordable and clean energy, with particular attention being paid to
access for the poorest groups in society. The energy transition should be just and inclusive and not
have disproportionate impacts on developing countries, nor on marginalized or underrepresented
groups. We must consider the potential economic implications of a clean energy transition for the
most vulnerable and support the creation of alternative employment opportunities for people who
have been employed in the fossil fuel industry. A green economy also needs to be a fair economy.
Towards inclusive climate action
Climate change does not affect everyone equally. Marginalized and underrepresented members of
society, including women, youth, indigenous people, minorities and people with disabilities are
disproportionally impacted by climate change as a result of unequal access to socio-economic and
political rights. The climate crisis is exacerbating existing inequalities. Climate change can reinforce
harmful gender norms and power dynamics that adversely impact women and girls, thereby
heightening their risk of food insecurity and gender-based violence.
We must respond to the needs of the most at-risk members of the population through positive
climate action. We therefore pledge to approach the legal framework on climate action through a
socially inclusive, pro-poor and gender-responsive lens so that it may be truly comprehensive,
effective and sustainable. Research indicates that greater representation of women in national
parliaments leads countries to adopt more stringent climate change policies.
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However, there is
currently a lack of women in national and global policy spaces. We are committed to increasing
women’s political participation in the interests of both gender equality and inclusive climate action.
We should also adopt inclusive climate solutions that simultaneously reduce the exposure of
marginalized and underrepresented groups to climate change, while also empowering them to
become climate leaders themselves. In many parts of the world, youth are already leading the
climate movement and we must strengthen intergenerational dialogue to ensure that the justifiable
demands of youth for a healthy planet are met.
The climate crisis is affecting human rights. Climate change is forcing people to uproot their lives
and move, particularly those living in resource-scarce conflict situations. As such, concerns over
climate displacement and climate migration are growing. As of 2020, there were an estimated
seven million internally displaced people due to disasters, including those caused by climate
change, most notably in Asia and the Pacific, Sub-Saharan Africa and the Americas.
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The rights of
persons displaced due to climate change must be respected. In October 2021, the United Nations
Human Rights Council adopted a landmark resolution that recognizes for the first time that having a
clean, healthy and sustainable environment is a human right.
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Additionally, young people and
future generations have the same right to a healthy planet as generations before them, and yet this
right is being grossly violated. To promote environmental and intergenerational justice, we pledge
to take account of these issues, reflect them in our national laws and guarantee accountability
when such rights are violated.
Promoting greener parliaments
To further encourage sustainability, we must work to reduce our own carbon footprints at an
institutional level. We must lead by example and reduce the emissions of our own parliaments,
including through changes to energy usage and procurement practices, by building sustainability,
and the optimized use of digital tools and technology. By greening our operations and practices as
institutions, we will further demonstrate our commitment to climate action. To further boost climate
awareness, parliaments can implement climate training for parliamentarians and staff, and hold
regular knowledge exchanges with experts on climate change.
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6
7
https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2019/09/countries-with-more-female-politicians-pass-more-ambitious-climate-
policies-study-suggests/
https://www.internal-displacement.org/global-report/grid2021/
https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G21/289/50/PDF/G2128950.pdf?OpenElement
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Enhancing regional and global cooperation for joint climate solutions
Climate change knows no boundaries and its impacts do not respect national borders. International
cooperation is therefore crucial, particularly for addressing transboundary climate risks. In view of
the importance of strong regional and global inter-parliamentary cooperation, we will continue to
discuss shared challenges, foster innovation and build partnerships for jointly tackling the climate
crisis.
National, regional and global peace and security are paramount for effectively addressing climate
change. Conflict and war have profound negative environmental consequences and divert vital
resources from climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts. Recent geopolitical developments
have also heightened the risk of nuclear incidents, by design or miscalculation, with potential
catastrophic impacts on ecosystems and biodiversity. Therefore, as noted in our own Resolution
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adopted in Geneva in 2014, we must make the abolition of nuclear weapons a priority.
We recognize the value of convening parliamentary meetings at the annual United Nations Climate
Change Conferences to amplify the parliamentary voice in global climate change negotiations.
These meetings provide a key opportunity to reflect on progress made in implementing the Paris
Agreement and to identify ways to further scale up parliamentary action for the climate. In the lead
up to the 27th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP27) that will be hosted by the Arab
Republic of Egypt in November 2022, we reiterate the importance of delivering on the outcomes of
COP26 and call upon parties to expedite implementation of their nationally determined
contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement and to further revise and update their NDCs, as
well as to work towards the setting of a post-2025 climate finance goal.
To further accelerate climate action, we will also strive to strengthen partnerships with key
international organizations and forums working on climate change, including the Climate
Vulnerable Forum, the Global Center on Adaptation, the Secretariat of the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change and the United Nations Environment Programme.
We also recognize the importance of convening parliaments regionally and sub-regionally to
exchange insights on context-specific challenges and good parliamentary practices on climate
change. In line with the IPU 2022-2026 Strategy,
9
which prioritizes climate action, we urge the IPU
to continue bringing parliaments together to advance climate knowledge and build parliamentary
capacity to legislate and oversee their governments’ response to climate change. Parliaments
should maximize their participation in the IPU’s work by being accountable to one another and by
striving to minimize their carbon footprint through increased use of virtual technology for
parliamentary exchanges. We also encourage the IPU to develop a robust climate policy for its own
activities.
Parliaments also need to build a stronger relationship with the private sector, including with
transnational corporations. It is essential to assess the responsibility of the private sector for the
negative environmental impacts resulting from corporations’ global practices. We must also support
further innovation by the private sector to find novel solutions to mitigate global warming and
reduce emissions, including through new technologies.
As Members of Parliament, we strongly and solemnly agree that it is only through international
cooperation on climate change that we can address increasing risks, build solidarity and find lasting
concrete solutions and possibilities for a more sustainable world for future generations.
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9
http://archive.ipu.org/conf-e/130/Res-1.htm
https://www.ipu.org/file/13678/download