NATO's Parlamentariske Forsamling 2020-21
NPA Alm.del Bilag 22
Offentligt
2414628_0001.png
11 June/Juin 2021
COMMUNIQUE
PR/CP(2021)094
Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-2021)
NATO collects defence expenditure data from Allies and publishes it on a regular basis.
Each Ally’s Ministry of Defence reports current and estimated future defence expenditure
according to an agreed definition of defence expenditure. The amounts represent
payments by a national government actually made, or to be made, during the course of the
fiscal year to meet the needs of its armed forces, those of Allies or of the Alliance. In the
figures and tables that follow, NATO also uses economic and demographic information
available from the Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs of the
European Commission (DG ECFIN), and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation
and Development (OECD).
In view of differences between these sources and national GDP forecasts, and also the
definition of NATO defence expenditure and national definitions, the figures shown in
this report may diverge considerably from those which are quoted by media, published by
national authorities or given in national budgets. Equipment expenditure includes
expenditure on major equipment as well as on research and development devoted to major
equipment. Personnel expenditure includes pensions paid to retirees.
The cut-off date for information used in this report was 2 June 2021. Figures for 2020
and 2021 are estimates.
News and information is routinely placed on the NATO website. This includes audio files, transcripts and high resolution
photographs, which are posted as soon as possible after events of media interest. Check the 'What's New' file.
Nouvelles et informations sont régulièrement affichées sur le site Web de l'OTAN, sous la forme de fichiers audio, de
transcriptions et de photographies destinées à la publication. Elles sont disponibles le plus rapidement possible après les
événements présentant un intérêt pour les médias. Cliquer sur "Quoi de neuf?"
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
– Organisation du Traité de l’Atlantique Nord
Press & Media
–
Presse & Médias
B-1110 Bruxelles Belgique
E-mail: [email protected]
–
Tel.: 32 2 707 50 41
–
Fax: 32 2 707 13 99
–
Internet: www.nato.int
 NPA, Alm.del - 2020-21 - Bilag 22: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-21)
2414628_0002.png
Graph 1 : NATO Europe and Canada - defence expenditure
(annual real change, based on 2015 prices and exchange rates)
%
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020e
2021e
-2.8
-1.2
-1.0
1.6
2.9
5.9
4.1
3.7
3.5
4.2
Notes: Figures for 2020 and 2021 are estimates. The NATO Europe and Canada aggregate from 2017 onwards includes Montenegro, which became an Ally on 5 June 2017, and
from 2020 onwards includes North Macedonia, which became an Ally on 27 March 2020.
%
55
Graph 2 : Defence expenditure as a share of GDP and equipment
expenditure as a share of defence expenditure
2021e
Median 1.60%
NATO guideline 2%
Equipment expenditure as % of defence expenditure
50
45
LUX
HRV
GRC
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
ITA
TUR
HUN
NMK SVK
NOR
FRA
POL GBR
LTU
LVA
EST
USA
NLD
DNK
BGR
ROU
ESP
ALB
MNE
CZE
DEU
BEL
CAN
SVN
PRT
Median 24.26%
NATO guideline 20%
4.0
%
Defence expenditure as % of GDP
Note: Figures for 2021 are estimates.
-2-
 NPA, Alm.del - 2020-21 - Bilag 22: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-21)
2414628_0003.png
Graph 3 : Defence expenditure as a share of GDP (%)
%
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
3.82
3.52
(based on 2015 prices and exchange rates)
2.79
2.29 2.28 2.27
2.10 2.03
2.02 2.01
1.85
1.74 1.73
1.61 1.60 1.57 1.56 1.54 1.53
NATO guideline 2%
1.45 1.44 1.42 1.41 1.41
1.39
1.28
1.12
1.02
0.57
2014
Note: Figures for 2021 are estimates.
2021e
Graph 4 : Equipment expenditure as a share of defence expenditure (%)
%
50
45
40
35
30.4
43.5
42.4
38.3
(based on 2015 prices and exchange rates)
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
29.4 29.0
28.9 28.3 27.8
27.4
26.2 26.1 25.6
24.8 24.3
23.1 23.1 22.7 22.7 22.0
NATO guideline 20%
21.3 20.8
20.6 20.3
18.6 18.0 17.7
15.9 15.7
2014
Note: Figures for 2021 are estimates.
2021e
-3-
 NPA, Alm.del - 2020-21 - Bilag 22: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-21)
2414628_0004.png
Graph 5 : Defence expenditure
(billion US dollars, based on 2015 prices and exchange rates)
1,200
997
1,000
256
800
1,001
949
910
896
913
904
929
300
250
254
262
277
289
1,027
1,049
310
323
253
600
400
741
696
660
641
651
626
640
702
717
726
200
0
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020e
2021e
United States
NATO Europe and Canada
Notes: Figures for 2020 and 2021 are estimates. The NATO Europe and Canada aggregate from 2017 onwards includes Montenegro, which became an Ally on 5 June 2017,
and from 2020 onwards includes North Macedonia, which became an Ally on 27 March 2020.
Graph 6 : NATO Europe and Canada - defence expenditure
(billion US dollars, based on 2015 prices and exchange rates)
350
+ BGR, EST, LVA, LTU,
ROU, SVK, SVN
+ ALB, HRV
325
+ CZE, HUN, POL
+ NMK
+ MNE
300
275
250
NATO Europe and Canada
225
Notes: Figures for 2020 and 2021 are estimates. Includes enlargements which took place in: 1999 (3 Allies), 2004 (7 Allies), 2009 (2 Allies), 2017 (1 Ally) and 2020 (1 Ally).
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020e
2021e
200
-4-
 NPA, Alm.del - 2020-21 - Bilag 22: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-21)
2414628_0005.png
Graph 7 : Main categories of defence expenditure (%)
(percentage of total defence expenditure)
2021e
%
100
90
21.3
18.0
24.8
1.7
17.7
20.3
22.7 22.0
27.8
18.6
23.1
28.3 28.9
3.7
38.3
15.9
20.6
20.8
26.2 25.6
42.4
7.0
4.6
3.3
15.0
23.8
30.6
14.0
30.1
23.3
22.6
2.9
5.7
13.7
21.0
21.0
19.3
5.0
5.5
2.3
30.4
26.1
0.2
23.1
27.4
15.7
22.7
1.4
0.7
22.5
16.4
2.0
29.0
24.3
29.4
80
3.3
43.5
8.5
3.6
6.5
3.0
5.0
0.7
70
8.1
1.7
8.5
8.9
1.4
1.6
24.0
27.7
60
13.6
31.5
26.4 30.4
1.4
9.4
38.6
36.1
26.7
0.4
5.9
22.6
16.5
41.6
31.6
50
40
18.2
30
56.3 56.7
50.3
20
60.5
55.4
47.5 45.7
44.8 43.3
32.9
25.3
48.5
42.5 41.7
40.6
38.2
64.7
59.6
47.3 48.9
33.8
47.9
57.7
49.3
60.3 60.1
52.5
37.5
32.7
10
0
ALB BEL BGR CAN HRV CZE DNK EST FRA DEU GRC HUN
ITA
LVA LTU LUX MNE NLD NMK NOR POL PRT ROU SVK SVN ESP TUR GBR USA
Personnel
Operations & maintenance and other expenditures
Infrastructure
Major equipment, including related R&D
Graph 8 : NATO Europe and Canada - major equipment expenditure
(annual real change, based on 2015 prices and exchange rates)
%
16
14.6
14
12
10.2
10
8
6
4
2.7
2
0
-0.5
-2
-2.6
-4
-6
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020e
2021e
-3.0
3.6
8.9
7.5
12.8
Notes: Figures for 2020 and 2021 are estimates. The NATO Europe and Canada aggregate from 2017 onwards includes Montenegro, which became an Ally on 5 June 2017, and from 2020 onwards
includes North Macedonia, which became an Ally on 27 March 2020.
-5-
 NPA, Alm.del - 2020-21 - Bilag 22: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-21)
2414628_0006.png
Table 1 : Defence expenditure
Million national currency units
2014
Current prices
Albania (Leks)
Belgium (Euros)
Bulgaria (Leva)
Canada (Canadian dollars)
Croatia* (Kunas)
Czech Republic (Koruny)
Denmark (Kroner)
Estonia (Euros)
France (Euros)
Germany (Euros)
Greece (Euros)
Hungary (Forint)
Italy (Euros)
Latvia** (Euros)
Lithuania** (Euros)
Luxembourg (Euros)
Montenegro (Euros)
Netherlands (Euros)
North Macedonia (Denars)
Norway (Kroner)
Poland** (Zlotys)
Portugal (Euros)
Romania** (New Lei)
Slovak Republic (Euros)
Slovenia (Euros)
Spain (Euros)
Turkey (Liras)
United Kingdom (Pounds)
United States (US dollars)
18,788
3,913
1,102
20,076
6,113
41,003
22,769
386
39,149
34,749
3,939
281,402
18,427
221
322
190
52
7,788
5,743
48,660
31,874
2,263
9,014
752
366
9,508
29,727
39,902
653,942
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020e
2021e
16,671
3,789
1,116
23,900
6,057
47,264
22,633
418
39,199
35,898
4,073
316,338
17,642
254
425
225
51
7,816
5,853
49,529
39,940
2,384
10,337
889
361
10,000
32,522
38,940
641,253
16,250
3,848
1,186
23,474
5,696
45,598
24,190
450
39,950
37,598
4,190
362,798
20,226
364
575
213
56
8,234
5,770
54,022
37,082
2,364
10,738
907
406
9,014
38,203
41,590
656,059
17,199
3,932
1,255
30,761
6,120
52,805
24,961
479
40,852
40,265
4,208
468,765
21,166
430
724
288
58
8,539
5,532
56,664
37,558
2,424
14,765
935
422
10,528
47,323
43,257
642,933
18,995
4,101
1,593
29,025
6,068
59,752
28,787
521
42,748
42,127
4,560
436,500
21,702
601
895
301
64
9,456
6,232
61,349
42,824
2,750
17,183
1,098
463
11,172
68,300
45,202
672,255
21,987
4,253
3,772
29,949
6,634
66,737
30,389
569
44,400
46,936
4,326
596,008
21,042
618
977
345
66
10,800
8,029
66,318
45,404
2,947
19,527
1,610
511
11,281
79,987
46,509
730,149
20,353
4,755
1,843
31,644
6,700
74,300
32,572
630
46,200
51,610
4,398
853,196
22,844
651
1,030
356
72
11,500
8,303
68,475
52,997
2,896
21,437
1,796
498
11,240
93,910
48,267
784,952
24,481
5,337
2,012
33,674
11,077
85,274
33,900
646
48,200
53,170
6,578
842,146
24,427
699
1,049
389
79
11,800
11,070
70,907
51,834
3,262
23,121
1,677
624
12,208
99,024
52,348
811,140
Constant 2015 prices
Albania (Leks)
Belgium (Euros)
Bulgaria (Leva)
Canada (Canadian dollars)
Croatia* (Kunas)
Czech Republic (Koruny)
Denmark (Kroner)
Estonia (Euros)
France (Euros)
Germany (Euros)
Greece (Euros)
Hungary (Forint)
Italy (Euros)
Latvia** (Euros)
Lithuania** (Euros)
Luxembourg (Euros)
Montenegro (Euros)
Netherlands (Euros)
North Macedonia (Denars)
Norway (Kroner)
Poland** (Zlotys)
Portugal (Euros)
Romania** (New Lei)
Slovak Republic (Euros)
Slovenia (Euros)
Spain (Euros)
Turkey (Liras)
United Kingdom (Pounds)
United States (US dollars)
18,894
3,965
1,128
19,900
6,118
41,410
22,868
389
39,595
35,394
3,927
289,235
18,734
221
322
191
53
7,796
5,858
47,271
32,185
2,309
9,308
750
370
9,560
32,059
40,166
660,062
16,671
3,789
1,116
23,900
6,057
47,264
22,633
418
39,199
35,898
4,073
316,338
17,642
254
425
225
51
7,816
5,853
49,529
39,940
2,384
10,337
889
361
10,000
32,522
38,940
641,253
16,354
3,775
1,156
23,299
5,701
45,084
24,128
439
39,744
37,105
4,214
357,702
19,769
361
566
212
54
8,162
5,577
54,831
36,967
2,324
10,482
912
403
8,985
35,330
40,714
651,201
17,061
3,789
1,177
29,767
6,056
51,539
24,606
453
40,429
39,205
4,216
445,029
20,511
414
684
281
53
8,340
5,201
55,326
36,758
2,348
13,768
928
412
10,360
39,434
41,541
626,328
18,590
3,888
1,437
27,602
5,887
56,861
28,215
473
41,907
40,344
4,574
395,419
21,081
557
816
287
57
9,041
5,637
56,164
41,414
2,616
15,089
1,069
442
10,864
48,859
42,454
640,277
21,416
3,966
3,233
28,012
6,341
61,144
29,566
499
42,998
43,985
4,330
515,348
20,276
560
866
318
57
10,186
7,183
60,980
42,550
2,755
16,059
1,528
478
10,820
50,234
42,777
701,563
20,017
4,388
1,529
29,354
6,378
65,354
30,974
556
43,756
47,620
4,468
696,832
21,752
589
904
320
63
10,709
7,363
65,319
47,693
2,645
16,992
1,666
460
10,667
51,362
42,039
716,886
23,734
4,870
1,589
30,149
10,369
72,755
32,015
562
45,935
48,427
6,684
651,551
23,066
623
904
342
68
10,839
9,816
62,215
45,444
2,949
17,753
1,532
566
11,490
45,848
45,208
725,709
Notes: Figures for 2020 and 2021 are estimates.
* Year 2021: estimated average derived from the range reported.
** These Allies have national laws or political agreements which call for 2% of GDP to be spent on defence annually, consequently future estimates are expected to change
accordingly. For past years Allies defence spending was based on the then available GDP data and Allies may, therefore, have met the 2% guideline when using those figures. (In
2018, Lithuania met 2% using November 2018 OECD figures.)
-6-
 NPA, Alm.del - 2020-21 - Bilag 22: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-21)
2414628_0007.png
Table 2 : Defence expenditure
Million US dollars
2014
Current prices and exchange rates
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
Croatia*
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia**
Lithuania**
Luxembourg
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland**
Portugal
Romania**
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
178
5,200
747
18,172
1,064
1,975
4,057
514
52,022
46,176
5,234
1,210
24,487
294
428
253
69
10,349
124
7,722
10,107
3,007
2,691
999
487
12,634
13,577
65,692
653,942
289,275
2015
132
4,204
633
18,689
883
1,921
3,364
463
43,496
39,833
4,520
1,132
19,576
282
471
250
57
8,673
105
6,142
10,588
2,645
2,581
987
401
11,096
11,953
59,505
641,253
254,423
2016
131
4,258
671
17,708
837
1,866
3,593
497
44,209
41,606
4,637
1,289
22,382
403
636
236
62
9,112
104
6,431
9,397
2,616
2,645
1,004
449
9,975
12,644
56,362
656,059
255,595
2017
145
4,441
724
23,700
924
2,259
3,780
541
46,133
45,470
4,752
1,708
23,902
485
817
326
65
9,643
101
6,850
9,940
2,738
3,643
1,056
477
11,889
12,971
55,719
642,933
275,100
2018
176
4,845
962
22,399
966
2,750
4,559
615
50,507
49,772
5,388
1,615
25,641
710
1,057
356
75
11,172
120
7,544
11,857
3,249
4,359
1,298
547
13,200
14,168
60,380
672,255
300,167
2019
200
4,761
2,159
22,572
1,002
2,910
4,557
637
49,710
52,549
4,843
2,050
23,559
692
1,094
386
74
12,092
146
7,536
11,824
3,299
4,608
1,802
572
12,630
14,089
59,399
730,149
301,608
2020e
188
5,427
1,075
23,595
1,031
3,201
4,979
719
52,727
58,902
5,019
2,770
26,071
743
1,176
406
83
13,125
154
7,272
13,590
3,306
5,051
2,050
568
12,828
13,396
61,925
784,952
321,376
2021e
239
6,503
1,253
26,523
1,846
4,013
5,522
787
58,729
64,785
8,014
2,907
29,763
851
1,278
474
97
14,378
219
8,292
13,369
3,975
5,785
2,043
760
14,875
13,057
72,765
811,140
363,100
NATO Europe and Canada
NATO Total
943,217
895,676
911,654
918,033
972,422
1,031,757
1,106,328
1,174,240
Constant 2015 prices and exchange rates
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
Croatia*
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia**
Lithuania**
Luxembourg
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland**
Portugal
Romania**
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
150
4,400
640
15,562
892
1,683
3,399
432
43,936
39,274
4,358
1,035
20,788
245
357
212
59
8,650
106
5,862
8,532
2,562
2,324
832
411
10,608
11,783
61,378
660,062
250,304
132
4,204
633
18,689
883
1,921
3,364
463
43,496
39,833
4,520
1,132
19,576
282
471
250
57
8,673
105
6,142
10,588
2,645
2,581
987
401
11,096
11,953
59,505
641,253
254,423
130
4,189
655
18,219
831
1,833
3,586
487
44,101
41,173
4,676
1,281
21,936
401
628
235
59
9,057
100
6,799
9,800
2,579
2,617
1,012
447
9,970
12,985
62,215
651,201
261,843
135
4,204
667
23,278
883
2,095
3,657
503
44,861
43,503
4,678
1,593
22,759
459
759
312
59
9,254
94
6,861
9,745
2,605
3,437
1,030
458
11,495
14,494
63,480
626,328
277,265
148
4,314
814
21,585
858
2,312
4,194
524
46,501
44,767
5,075
1,416
23,392
618
905
318
63
10,032
102
6,965
10,979
2,902
3,767
1,186
491
12,055
17,958
64,874
640,277
289,013
170
4,401
1,832
21,905
925
2,486
4,395
554
47,712
48,807
4,805
1,845
22,499
621
961
352
64
11,303
129
7,562
11,280
3,057
4,009
1,696
531
12,006
18,463
65,368
701,563
299,610
159
4,869
866
22,954
930
2,657
4,604
617
48,553
52,841
4,957
2,495
24,137
654
1,003
355
70
11,883
133
8,100
12,644
2,935
4,242
1,848
510
11,836
18,878
64,240
716,886
309,971
188
5,404
901
23,576
1,512
2,958
4,758
624
50,971
53,736
7,417
2,333
25,595
691
1,003
380
76
12,027
177
7,715
12,047
3,272
4,432
1,700
629
12,749
16,851
69,082
725,709
322,803
NATO Europe and Canada
NATO Total
910,366
895,676
913,044
903,593
929,290
1,001,173
1,026,857
1,048,511
Notes: Figures for 2020 and 2021 are estimates. The NATO Europe and Canada and NATO Total aggregates from 2017 onwards include Montenegro, which became an Ally on 5
June 2017, and from 2020 onwards include North Macedonia, which became an Ally on 27 March 2020.
* Year 2021: estimated average derived from the range reported.
** These Allies have national laws or political agreements which call for 2% of GDP to be spent on defence annually, consequently future estimates are expected to change
accordingly. For past years Allies defence spending was based on the then available GDP data and Allies may, therefore, have met the 2% guideline when using those figures. (In
2018, Lithuania met 2% using November 2018 OECD figures.)
-7-
 NPA, Alm.del - 2020-21 - Bilag 22: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-21)
2414628_0008.png
Table 3 : Defence expenditure as a share of GDP and annual real change
Based on 2015 prices
2014
Share of real GDP (%)
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
Croatia*
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia**
Lithuania**
Luxembourg
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland**
Portugal
Romania**
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
1.35
0.97
1.31
1.01
1.85
0.94
1.15
1.92
1.82
1.19
2.22
0.86
1.14
0.94
0.88
0.38
1.50
1.15
1.09
1.55
1.86
1.31
1.35
0.99
0.97
0.92
1.45
2.14
3.73
2015
1.16
0.91
1.25
1.20
1.78
1.02
1.11
2.01
1.78
1.19
2.31
0.91
1.07
1.03
1.14
0.43
1.40
1.13
1.05
1.59
2.22
1.33
1.45
1.12
0.93
0.93
1.38
2.03
3.52
2016
1.10
0.89
1.25
1.16
1.62
0.95
1.15
2.05
1.79
1.20
2.40
1.00
1.18
1.44
1.48
0.39
1.42
1.16
0.97
1.74
1.99
1.27
1.41
1.12
1.00
0.81
1.45
2.08
3.51
2017
1.11
0.88
1.23
1.44
1.67
1.03
1.14
2.01
1.78
1.23
2.38
1.19
1.20
1.59
1.71
0.51
1.34
1.15
0.89
1.72
1.89
1.24
1.72
1.11
0.98
0.91
1.51
2.09
3.30
2018
1.16
0.89
1.45
1.30
1.57
1.10
1.28
2.01
1.81
1.25
2.54
1.01
1.23
2.06
1.97
0.50
1.37
1.22
0.94
1.73
2.02
1.34
1.81
1.23
1.01
0.93
1.82
2.11
3.27
2019
1.31
0.89
3.15
1.30
1.65
1.16
1.30
2.03
1.83
1.36
2.36
1.25
1.18
2.03
2.00
0.54
1.33
1.35
1.16
1.86
1.98
1.38
1.85
1.71
1.06
0.91
1.85
2.10
3.51
2020e
1.27
1.05
1.55
1.44
1.80
1.31
1.40
2.32
2.03
1.55
2.65
1.79
1.38
2.22
2.11
0.56
1.73
1.47
1.25
2.01
2.28
1.43
2.03
1.96
1.08
1.00
1.86
2.29
3.72
2021e
1.44
1.12
1.56
1.39
2.79
1.42
1.41
2.28
2.01
1.53
3.82
1.60
1.41
2.27
2.03
0.57
1.74
1.45
1.61
1.85
2.10
1.54
2.02
1.73
1.28
1.02
1.57
2.29
3.52
NATO Europe and Canada
NATO Total
1.43
2.58
1.42
2.48
1.44
2.48
1.48
2.40
1.51
2.40
1.55
2.54
1.71
2.75
1.70
2.65
Annual real change (%)
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
Croatia*
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia**
Lithuania**
Luxembourg
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland**
Portugal
Romania**
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
-2.74
-2.25
-8.29
4.95
25.92
-4.91
-4.84
3.71
-1.21
-1.39
0.45
-5.31
-9.81
2.39
19.38
5.28
4.49
0.19
-3.58
5.35
11.39
-8.52
8.52
3.25
-4.42
0.36
0.78
-1.51
-5.20
-0.98
-4.08
-11.76
-4.44
-1.07
20.10
-1.00
14.14
-1.03
7.32
-1.00
1.42
3.71
9.37
-5.83
14.78
31.96
17.94
-3.50
0.26
-0.09
4.78
24.10
3.25
11.06
18.61
-2.37
4.60
1.44
-3.05
-2.85
1.65
-1.61
-1.90
-0.36
3.59
-2.52
-5.88
-4.61
6.61
5.18
1.39
3.36
3.47
13.08
12.05
42.29
33.13
-5.88
4.33
4.43
-4.71
10.70
-7.45
-2.51
1.40
2.51
11.42
-10.15
8.64
4.55
1.55
2.92
1.94
4.32
0.36
1.80
27.76
6.22
14.32
1.98
3.18
1.72
5.66
0.05
24.41
3.75
14.59
20.84
32.93
-1.34
2.17
-6.75
0.90
-0.56
1.03
31.35
1.80
2.44
15.30
11.61
2.03
-3.82
5.89
-1.04
8.96
2.61
22.05
-7.27
-2.80
10.32
14.67
4.28
3.65
2.91
8.48
-11.15
2.78
34.52
19.37
1.86
7.29
8.41
8.40
1.51
12.67
11.40
9.60
15.17
7.27
4.87
23.90
2.20
2.23
4.24
2.84
15.21
2.02
124.99
1.48
7.71
7.53
4.79
5.57
2.61
9.03
-5.32
30.33
-3.82
0.62
6.18
10.83
1.36
12.67
27.42
8.58
2.74
5.33
6.43
42.95
8.06
-0.41
2.82
0.76
9.57
3.67
7.74
-6.53
10.63
-52.71
4.79
0.58
6.89
4.76
11.47
1.76
8.26
3.17
35.22
7.28
5.17
4.29
0.86
10.01
5.14
2.50
7.12
12.09
-3.99
5.81
9.01
-3.81
-1.42
2.25
-1.73
2.18
3.46
2.57
18.57
10.97
3.93
2.71
62.58
11.33
3.36
1.05
4.98
1.70
49.61
-6.50
6.04
5.76
0.06
6.91
7.95
1.21
33.33
-4.75
-4.72
11.48
4.48
-8.05
23.18
7.72
-10.74
7.54
1.23
4.14
2.11
NATO Europe and Canada
NATO Total
Notes: Figures for 2020 and 2021 are estimates. The NATO Europe and Canada and NATO Total aggregates from 2017 onwards include Montenegro, which became an Ally on 5
June 2017, and from 2020 onwards include North Macedonia, which became an Ally on 27 March 2020.
* Year 2021: estimated average derived from the range reported.
** These Allies have national laws or political agreements which call for 2% of GDP to be spent on defence annually, consequently future estimates are expected to change
accordingly. For past years Allies defence spending was based on the then available GDP data and Allies may, therefore, have met the 2% guideline when using those figures. (In
2018, Lithuania met 2% using November 2018 OECD figures.)
-8-
 NPA, Alm.del - 2020-21 - Bilag 22: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-21)
2414628_0009.png
Table 4 : Defence expenditure real change 2014-2021
Million US dollars (2015 prices and exchange rates)
2014
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
Note: Figures for 2021 are estimates.
Real change 2014-
2021e (%)
2021e
188
5,404
901
23,576
1,512
2,958
4,758
624
50,971
53,736
7,417
2,333
25,595
691
1,003
380
76
12,027
177
7,715
12,047
3,272
4,432
1,700
629
12,749
16,851
69,082
725,709
25.62
22.81
40.80
51.50
69.47
75.70
40.00
44.44
16.01
36.82
70.19
125.27
23.12
181.80
180.79
79.63
28.27
39.04
67.58
31.61
41.20
27.72
90.74
104.25
53.04
20.19
43.01
12.55
9.95
Share of real GDP
2014 (%)
1.35
0.97
1.31
1.01
1.85
0.94
1.15
1.92
1.82
1.19
2.22
0.86
1.14
0.94
0.88
0.38
1.50
1.15
1.09
1.55
1.86
1.31
1.35
0.99
0.97
0.92
1.45
2.14
3.73
Share of real GDP
2021e (%)
1.44
1.12
1.56
1.39
2.79
1.42
1.41
2.28
2.01
1.53
3.82
1.60
1.41
2.27
2.03
0.57
1.74
1.45
1.61
1.85
2.10
1.54
2.02
1.73
1.28
1.02
1.57
2.29
3.52
150
4,400
640
15,562
892
1,683
3,399
432
43,936
39,274
4,358
1,035
20,788
245
357
212
59
8,650
106
5,862
8,532
2,562
2,324
832
411
10,608
11,783
61,378
660,062
-9-
 NPA, Alm.del - 2020-21 - Bilag 22: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-21)
2414628_0010.png
Table 5 : Real GDP
Billion US dollars (2015 prices and exchange rates)
2014
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
11
453
49
1,546
48
178
296
23
2,414
3,313
196
120
17
1,824
26
41
55
4
751
10
378
458
196
173
84
42
1,152
815
2,866
17,694
17,526
2015
11
462
51
1,557
50
188
303
23
2,439
3,354
195
125
18
1,836
27
41
58
4
766
10
386
477
199
178
89
43
1,196
864
2,933
18,238
17,869
2016
12
468
53
1,572
51
193
312
24
2,464
3,426
194
128
19
1,861
28
42
60
4
782
10
390
492
203
186
90
44
1,232
893
2,984
18,550
18,206
2017
12
476
54
1,620
53
203
321
25
2,524
3,526
197
133
19
1,894
29
44
61
4
806
10
399
516
211
200
93
47
1,269
960
3,036
18,983
18,732
2018
13
484
56
1,659
55
210
328
26
2,570
3,571
200
141
20
1,909
30
46
63
5
824
11
403
544
217
209
97
49
1,299
988
3,074
19,552
19,090
2019
13
493
58
1,690
56
214
338
27
2,608
3,592
204
147
21
1,915
31
48
65
5
838
11
407
570
222
217
99
50
1,325
997
3,118
19,975
19,368
2020e
13
462
56
1,599
52
202
328
27
2,395
3,408
187
140
19
1,744
29
48
64
4
806
11
404
554
205
209
94
47
1,181
1,015
2,811
19,278
18,114
2021e
13
484
58
1,697
54
209
338
27
2,534
3,521
194
146
20
1,821
30
49
67
4
828
11
418
575
213
219
98
49
1,250
1,073
3,014
20,601
19,015
NATO Europe and Canada
NATO Total
35,220
36,107
36,756
37,716
38,642
39,342
37,392
39,616
Notes: Figures for 2020 and 2021 are estimates. The NATO Europe and Canada and NATO Total aggregates from 2017 onwards include Montenegro, which became
an Ally on 5 June 2017, and from 2020 onwards include North Macedonia, which became an Ally on 27 March 2020.
-10-
 NPA, Alm.del - 2020-21 - Bilag 22: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-21)
2414628_0011.png
Table 6 : GDP per capita and defence expenditure per capita
2015 prices and exchange rates
2014
GDP per capita (thousand US dollars)
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
3.9
40.4
6.7
43.6
11.4
16.9
52.4
17.1
36.4
40.9
18.0
12.2
51.2
30.0
13.1
13.9
99.2
6.3
44.5
4.7
73.7
11.9
18.8
8.7
15.6
20.5
24.8
10.6
44.4
55.5
2015
4.0
41.0
7.1
43.6
11.8
17.8
53.3
17.6
36.6
41.1
18.1
12.7
53.0
30.2
13.8
14.3
101.4
6.5
45.2
4.9
74.3
12.4
19.3
9.0
16.3
20.9
25.8
11.0
45.1
56.8
2016
4.1
41.3
7.4
43.5
12.3
18.2
54.5
18.1
36.9
41.6
18.0
13.0
55.5
30.7
14.2
14.8
103.4
6.7
45.9
5.0
74.5
12.8
19.7
9.4
16.6
21.5
26.5
11.3
45.5
57.4
2017
4.3
41.8
7.7
44.3
12.8
19.2
55.7
19.0
37.6
42.7
18.3
13.6
56.5
31.3
14.8
15.7
103.0
7.0
47.0
5.0
75.6
13.4
20.4
10.2
17.1
22.6
27.3
12.0
46.0
58.4
2018
4.4
42.4
8.0
44.8
13.3
19.7
56.7
19.8
38.2
43.1
18.6
14.4
57.6
31.6
15.6
16.4
104.1
7.4
47.8
5.2
76.0
14.2
21.1
10.7
17.7
23.5
27.8
12.1
46.3
59.8
2019
4.6
42.9
8.3
45.0
13.8
20.1
58.0
20.6
38.7
43.2
19.0
15.1
57.8
31.7
16.0
17.2
104.4
7.7
48.3
5.3
76.1
14.8
21.6
11.2
18.1
24.0
28.1
12.1
46.7
60.8
2020e
4.4
40.0
8.0
42.0
12.7
18.9
56.3
20.0
35.4
40.9
17.5
14.3
52.9
29.0
15.5
17.1
101.4
6.5
46.2
5.1
75.1
14.5
19.9
10.8
17.3
22.5
24.9
12.1
41.9
58.4
2021e
4.6
41.7
8.4
44.1
13.4
19.5
57.7
20.6
37.4
42.2
18.2
15.0
53.7
30.5
16.1
17.8
104.7
7.0
47.1
5.3
77.2
15.0
20.7
11.4
18.0
23.2
26.2
12.7
44.7
62.1
NATO Europe and Canada
NATO Total
29.2
38.4
29.7
39.1
30.1
39.6
30.8
40.4
31.3
41.2
31.6
41.8
29.3
39.4
30.7
41.6
Defence expenditure per capita (US dollars)
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
52
393
89
439
211
160
602
328
663
485
400
105
342
123
122
379
95
513
51
1,141
222
246
117
154
199
228
153
950
2,072
46
373
88
523
210
182
592
353
653
488
418
115
322
142
162
438
92
512
51
1,183
275
255
130
182
194
239
153
914
1,998
45
370
92
505
199
173
626
370
660
500
434
130
362
204
219
402
95
532
48
1,299
255
250
133
186
216
215
164
948
2,015
47
370
94
637
214
198
634
382
669
526
435
163
376
237
268
523
94
540
45
1,300
254
253
175
189
222
247
180
961
1,926
51
378
116
582
210
218
724
398
691
540
473
145
387
321
323
522
101
582
49
1,311
286
282
193
218
237
258
221
976
1,958
60
383
263
583
227
233
755
418
707
587
448
189
373
325
344
567
102
652
62
1,414
294
297
207
311
254
255
224
979
2,135
56
422
125
603
230
248
789
464
718
635
463
255
402
344
360
563
113
681
64
1,506
330
285
220
339
242
250
226
957
2,171
66
466
131
612
374
276
813
468
751
644
694
239
428
366
361
594
122
685
85
1,426
314
318
231
311
297
267
199
1,023
2,186
NATO Europe and Canada
NATO Total
417
991
422
970
433
984
456
968
473
991
489
1,063
502
1,083
521
1,102
Notes: Figures for 2020 and 2021 are estimates. The NATO Europe and Canada and NATO Total aggregates from 2017 onwards include Montenegro, which became an Ally
on 5 June 2017, and from 2020 onwards include North Macedonia, which became an Ally on 27 March 2020.
-11-
 NPA, Alm.del - 2020-21 - Bilag 22: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-21)
2414628_0012.png
Table 7 : Military personnel
Thousands
2014
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
6.7
30.5
27.5
65.9
15.4
20.2
16.9
6.3
207.0
178.8
107.3
17.5
183.5
4.6
8.6
0.8
1.9
41.2
6.5
21.0
99.0
30.7
65.1
12.4
6.8
121.8
426.6
168.7
1,338.2
1,891
3,229
2015
6.2
29.7
24.9
70.3
15.1
21.5
17.2
6.0
204.8
177.2
104.4
17.4
178.4
4.8
11.8
0.8
1.7
40.6
6.8
20.9
98.9
28.3
64.5
12.4
6.6
121.6
384.8
141.4
1,314.1
1,811
3,125
2016
5.8
28.8
24.7
70.5
14.8
22.7
17.3
6.1
208.1
177.9
106.0
17.9
176.3
5.2
11.8
0.8
1.5
40.0
6.6
20.5
101.6
29.8
63.4
12.2
6.5
121.0
359.3
139.5
1,301.4
1,788
3,090
2017
6.8
27.8
24.3
68.2
14.8
23.8
16.7
6.0
208.2
179.8
106.9
18.7
174.6
5.5
13.5
0.8
1.5
39.5
6.3
20.2
105.3
27.8
64.0
12.2
6.3
117.7
416.7
149.4
1,305.9
1,857
3,163
2018
6.8
26.5
24.4
70.3
15.0
24.7
17.2
6.2
208.2
181.5
109.2
19.9
174.1
5.9
14.3
0.9
1.5
39.3
6.5
20.2
109.5
26.9
64.0
12.2
6.2
117.4
444.3
146.6
1,317.4
1,893
3,210
2019
6.8
25.5
24.6
69.4
15.1
25.0
18.0
6.4
207.8
182.0
107.1
23.0
176.4
6.4
14.9
0.9
1.5
39.7
6.4
20.7
113.1
28.6
64.5
12.5
6.0
121.0
444.8
144.4
1,339.0
1,906
3,245
2020e
6.7
25.2
25.6
71.0
15.2
26.8
18.1
6.6
208.0
186.9
107.6
22.7
175.5
7.0
16.3
0.9
1.9
40.0
6.1
20.8
120.0
28.7
66.4
12.9
7.0
122.5
437.2
156.2
1,346.0
1,940
3,286
2021e
6.8
24.8
26.4
71.1
15.2
27.8
18.3
6.7
208.0
189.1
106.7
24.3
174.2
7.4
16.8
0.9
1.7
40.8
6.1
21.0
121.0
29.0
76.3
13.1
7.1
123.9
445.4
156.2
1,351.5
1,966
3,317
NATO Europe and Canada
NATO Total
Notes: Figures for 2020 and 2021 are estimates. The NATO Europe and Canada and NATO Total aggregates from 2017 onwards include Montenegro, which became an
Ally on 5 June 2017, and from 2020 onwards include North Macedonia, which became an Ally on 27 March 2020.
-12-
 NPA, Alm.del - 2020-21 - Bilag 22: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-21)
2414628_0013.png
Table 8a : Distribution of defence expenditure by main category
Percentage of total defence expenditure
2014
Equipment (a)
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
16.65
3.52
1.03
13.03
5.56
6.53
10.99
22.15
24.64
12.94
8.17
7.76
10.92
7.55
14.06
22.61
7.46
10.68
5.92
20.42
18.84
8.43
15.77
11.12
0.66
13.49
25.08
22.82
25.97
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020e
2021e
8.92
3.44
3.47
10.47
8.01
11.75
11.50
12.82
25.04
11.93
10.40
9.75
9.72
13.60
21.55
33.33
5.43
11.16
11.13
21.83
33.20
8.70
19.65
18.28
1.85
14.82
25.13
21.75
25.41
8.01
4.72
9.15
10.61
7.51
6.70
13.68
17.86
24.44
12.21
13.45
13.37
19.09
19.05
30.06
30.07
4.46
14.14
8.37
23.37
21.62
9.95
20.43
15.32
1.02
6.65
25.55
21.24
25.05
6.96
6.52
8.10
10.70
5.69
11.55
10.39
19.22
24.17
11.77
11.28
18.54
20.68
15.01
31.61
42.06
4.97
14.75
6.47
24.63
22.04
11.42
33.34
17.74
4.04
20.39
30.30
22.29
25.73
9.42
10.15
9.65
11.94
3.37
11.16
11.66
16.51
23.66
12.36
11.03
12.63
19.13
31.85
36.98
50.14
11.14
16.39
11.09
25.60
27.51
15.48
33.47
22.27
5.98
21.83
37.64
22.25
27.06
16.80
11.06
62.12
13.84
6.55
14.42
18.06
15.50
24.50
14.69
12.51
23.81
17.00
21.65
37.57
51.59
14.96
23.90
13.82
28.76
23.24
16.61
25.59
40.07
7.11
21.02
34.32
22.85
27.51
14.50
10.36
19.20
14.66
10.27
17.00
22.35
23.00
26.50
16.87
12.06
34.73
24.59
20.53
34.13
52.53
20.96
26.10
11.41
28.83
29.04
17.19
23.11
31.84
5.69
19.43
28.25
22.22
29.25
21.30
18.03
24.77
17.66
43.50
20.25
22.71
22.05
27.80
18.55
38.30
28.33
28.90
23.07
20.63
42.42
20.82
26.20
25.56
30.40
26.10
15.86
23.13
27.44
15.72
22.75
29.05
24.26
29.35
Personnel (b)
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
68.05
77.84
72.84
50.90
76.55
61.40
51.27
38.62
48.59
50.67
77.18
49.77
76.41
52.97
57.53
49.31
78.53
56.50
72.49
40.64
51.45
81.27
71.15
69.14
82.31
67.34
56.88
36.59
35.45
78.15
78.23
73.66
53.76
72.28
55.27
52.01
39.56
47.79
49.86
72.05
48.21
77.55
50.06
48.49
42.77
78.03
55.51
70.95
39.96
41.96
81.90
63.30
56.24
82.23
65.18
56.82
36.80
36.64
68.05
76.80
65.64
53.11
75.40
61.97
49.51
38.70
47.94
48.35
73.13
49.66
70.79
43.87
45.50
45.56
75.32
51.77
71.26
38.60
47.15
81.38
65.01
58.72
76.03
72.61
57.60
35.27
45.01
68.20
75.20
68.33
57.37
71.72
56.11
47.01
34.89
47.98
48.96
76.56
37.13
67.58
38.59
40.79
34.40
80.87
52.19
75.25
37.08
50.04
80.19
54.67
58.21
75.04
61.64
51.02
34.54
41.53
70.70
70.69
62.99
51.02
76.96
54.57
49.88
33.83
46.90
47.99
78.76
42.33
68.16
34.32
37.47
33.42
73.50
51.16
71.53
36.43
46.14
74.75
54.48
54.74
72.38
59.64
45.18
33.75
39.74
62.89
68.38
29.42
49.54
73.71
53.16
48.19
34.18
45.81
45.26
76.88
35.14
70.21
33.53
40.02
30.76
71.39
48.07
61.93
34.78
48.43
70.51
57.90
40.81
69.07
61.86
48.38
34.07
38.93
59.65
62.61
55.96
50.95
71.71
50.30
45.39
32.67
44.20
42.04
75.63
36.50
62.15
37.15
41.36
29.99
64.66
48.45
62.65
34.31
45.44
71.55
59.19
42.34
72.75
62.54
50.64
34.60
37.38
50.32
56.31
56.65
47.50
45.67
44.84
43.29
32.86
42.53
41.70
55.41
40.57
60.54
38.24
48.53
25.32
59.59
47.26
48.94
33.78
47.92
64.71
57.65
49.27
60.33
60.12
52.47
32.69
37.47
Notes: Figures for 2020 and 2021 are estimates.
(a) Equipment expenditure includes major equipment expenditure and R&D devoted to major equipment.
(b) Personnel expenditure includes military and civilian expenditure and pensions.
-13-
 NPA, Alm.del - 2020-21 - Bilag 22: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-21)
2414628_0014.png
Table 8b : Distribution of defence expenditure by main category
Percentage of total defence expenditure
2014
Infrastructure (c)
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
0.86
1.81
0.63
3.81
1.24
2.34
0.97
8.20
2.33
3.75
1.10
1.07
1.40
8.89
2.17
10.26
0.96
4.77
1.24
5.71
5.47
0.11
1.09
0.57
0.65
0.66
2.77
1.95
1.71
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020e
2021e
1.40
0.93
1.27
3.63
1.98
3.32
1.09
8.45
2.80
3.60
0.65
1.21
1.30
6.64
2.16
7.79
2.47
3.19
1.67
5.30
4.74
0.25
1.27
1.99
0.61
0.97
2.56
1.63
1.45
1.37
0.96
0.63
3.03
1.26
3.91
2.16
12.15
2.70
3.39
0.58
1.13
0.70
12.83
3.59
6.64
2.41
3.90
1.28
6.56
4.62
0.06
2.77
3.75
1.14
0.97
2.42
1.87
1.22
0.92
1.05
0.83
2.98
3.59
3.99
1.95
11.27
2.88
4.06
0.79
1.31
0.94
15.02
3.92
4.64
0.88
3.02
1.01
6.93
4.21
0.03
2.09
2.97
0.45
0.68
2.95
2.25
1.23
1.09
1.43
2.62
3.58
1.00
5.31
1.49
8.52
3.51
4.15
0.62
1.68
1.29
6.45
2.24
5.05
1.86
3.46
0.95
6.67
3.45
0.05
1.54
2.00
1.40
0.64
2.53
2.99
1.17
1.64
1.19
1.09
2.72
1.41
7.04
1.74
6.13
3.12
3.99
0.66
3.50
0.67
10.30
2.40
3.16
1.48
3.29
3.89
5.87
3.68
0.11
3.53
1.17
0.57
0.98
2.26
2.11
1.28
2.93
1.60
6.87
3.03
1.65
7.80
2.44
6.65
2.87
3.68
1.26
3.07
1.65
11.85
1.16
4.82
1.33
3.28
2.70
6.51
4.90
0.08
4.29
5.21
1.10
1.07
2.22
1.70
1.33
0.70
1.67
5.03
3.32
1.40
8.46
3.64
6.49
3.02
3.69
0.40
8.53
1.67
8.11
7.01
14.02
4.64
3.26
2.95
5.73
4.97
0.18
5.50
2.32
1.43
0.73
1.95
1.42
1.58
Other (d)
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Montenegro
Netherlands
North Macedonia
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
14.44
16.83
25.51
32.26
16.65
29.73
36.78
31.03
24.43
32.63
13.55
41.40
11.27
30.59
26.24
17.82
13.06
28.05
20.34
33.24
24.24
10.19
11.98
19.16
16.38
18.50
15.27
38.63
36.87
11.53
17.40
21.60
32.14
17.73
29.65
35.40
39.18
24.37
34.61
16.90
40.83
11.42
29.69
27.79
16.11
14.07
30.14
16.25
32.90
20.11
9.15
15.78
23.49
15.31
19.03
15.49
39.82
36.51
22.57
17.52
24.57
33.25
15.83
27.43
34.65
31.30
24.92
36.05
12.84
35.84
9.42
24.25
20.85
17.73
17.80
30.20
19.09
31.46
26.61
8.61
11.79
22.22
21.80
19.78
14.43
41.62
28.73
23.92
17.23
22.74
28.95
18.99
28.35
40.66
34.62
24.97
35.20
11.37
43.01
10.80
31.38
23.67
18.90
13.27
30.04
17.26
31.36
23.71
8.35
9.90
21.08
20.47
17.28
15.73
40.92
31.52
18.79
17.72
24.74
33.46
18.67
28.95
36.97
41.14
25.92
35.49
9.60
43.36
11.43
27.38
23.30
11.38
13.50
28.99
16.43
31.30
22.89
9.72
10.51
20.99
20.24
17.89
14.65
41.01
32.03
18.67
19.36
7.36
33.90
18.33
25.39
32.01
44.20
26.57
36.06
9.96
37.54
12.11
34.51
20.01
14.49
12.16
24.74
20.36
30.59
24.65
12.77
12.99
17.95
23.25
16.14
15.04
40.97
32.28
22.92
25.44
17.97
31.36
16.37
24.90
29.83
37.68
26.43
37.41
11.05
25.70
11.61
30.46
23.34
12.66
13.06
22.17
23.24
30.35
20.63
11.18
13.41
20.60
20.46
16.96
18.90
41.48
32.04
27.68
23.99
13.55
31.52
9.44
26.45
30.36
38.60
26.65
36.06
5.90
22.56
8.89
30.58
23.83
18.25
14.96
23.28
22.56
30.09
21.01
19.25
13.71
20.98
22.52
16.41
16.53
41.64
31.59
Notes: Figures for 2020 and 2021 are estimates.
(c) Infrastructure expenditure includes NATO common infrastructure and national military construction.
(d) Other expenditure includes operations and maintenance expenditure, other R&D expenditure and expenditure not allocated among above-mentioned categories.
-14-
 NPA, Alm.del - 2020-21 - Bilag 22: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-21)
NATO defence expenditure
NATO defines defence expenditure as payments
made by a national government specifically to
meet the needs of its armed forces, those of
Allies or of the Alliance. A major component of
defence expenditure is payments for Armed
Forces financed from within the Ministry of
Defence (MoD) budget. Armed Forces include
Land, Maritime and Air forces as well as Joint
formations such as Administration and
Command, Special Operations Forces, Medical
Service, Logistic Command, Space Command,
Cyber Command, etc. They might also include
"Other Forces" like Ministry of Interior troops,
national police forces, gendarmerie, carabinieri,
coast guards etc. In such cases, expenditure is
included only in proportion to the forces that are
trained in military tactics, are equipped as a
military force, can operate under direct military
authority in deployed operations, and can,
realistically, be deployed outside national territory
in support of a military force. Also, expenditure
on Other Forces financed through the budgets
of ministries other than MoD is included in
defence expenditure.
Pension payments made directly by the
government to retired military and civilian
employees of military departments is included
regardless of whether these payments are made
from the budget of the MoD or other ministries.
Expenditure for peacekeeping and humanitarian
operations (paid by MoD or other ministries),
the destruction of weapons, equipment and
ammunition, contributions to eligible NATO-
managed trust funds, and the costs associated
with inspection and control of equipment
destruction are included in defence expenditure.
Research and development (R&D) costs are
included in defence expenditure. R&D costs also
include expenditure for those projects that do
not successfully lead to production of equipment.
Expenditure for the military component of
mixed civilian-military activities is included, but
only when the military component can be
specifically accounted for or estimated.
Expenditure on NATO common infrastructure
is included in the total defence expenditure of
each Ally only to the extent of that nation's net
contribution.
War damage payments and spending on civil
defence are both excluded from the NATO
definition of defence expenditure.
NATO uses United States dollars (USD) as the
common currency denominator. The exchange
rate applied to each Ally is the average annual
rate published by the International Monetary
Fund (IMF).
Note to readers:
Iceland has no armed forces. For nations of the
Euro zone, and Montenegro, monetary values in
national currency are expressed in Euros for all
years. Latvia adopted the Euro from 2014 and
Lithuania from 2015. Montenegro joined the
Alliance in 2017 and North Macedonia in 2020.
To avoid any ambiguity, the fiscal year has been
designated by the year which includes the highest
number of months: e.g. 2021 represents the fiscal
year 2021/2022 for Canada and United
Kingdom, and the fiscal year 2020/2021 for the
United States. Because of rounding, the total
figures may differ from the sum of their
components.
Conventional signs:
e
-
..
|
.
estimated
nil
not available
break in continuity of series
decimal point
-
15
-
 NPA, Alm.del - 2020-21 - Bilag 22: Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2014-21)
Nomenclature of NATO defence expenditure:
1
1.1
1.1.1
1.1.2
1.1.3
1.2
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.3
1.3.1
1.3.2
1.4
1.4.1
1.4.2
1.4.3
1.4.4
1.4.5
1.4.6
2
2.1
2.1.1
2.1.2
2.1.3
2.1.4
2.1.5
2.1.6
2.1.7
2.1.8
2.1.9
2.1.10
2.1.11
2.2
2.3
2.3.1
2.3.2
2.3.3
2.3.4
3
3.1
3.2
4
5
6
7
Operating costs
Military personnel
Pay and allowances
Employer's contributions to retirement funds
Other
Civilian personnel
Pay and allowances
Employer's contributions to retirement funds
Pensions
Paid to military retirees
Paid to civilian retirees
Operations and maintenance
Ammunition and explosives (excluding nuclear)
Petroleum products
Spare parts
Other equipment and supplies
Rents
Other operations and maintenance
Procurement and construction
Major equipment
Missile systems
Missiles (conventional weapons)
Nuclear weapons
Aircraft
Artillery
Combat vehicles
Engineering equipment
Weapons and small arms
Transport vehicles
Ships and harbour craft
Electronic and communications equipment
National military construction
NATO
common infrastructure
Expenditure as host nation
Payments to other nations
Receipts from other nations
Land and utilities
Research and development
Devoted to major equipment
Other
Other expenditure
Total
Statistical discrepancy
Adjusted total
Main categories of defence expenditure:
-
Equipment (Table 8a) – lines 2.1 + 3.1
-
Personnel (Table 8a) – lines 1.1 + 1.2 + 1.3
-
Infrastructure (Table 8b) – lines 2.2 + 2.3
-
Other (Table 8b) – lines 1.4 + 3.2 + 4
-
16
-