BEU, Alm.del - 2019-20 - Bilag 290: Orientering om litteraturgennemgang med supplerende analyser om årsager til ufrivillig, førtidig tilbagetrækning fra arbejdsmarkedet, fra beskæftigelsesministeren

Beskæftigelsesudvalget 2019-20
BEU Alm.del Bilag 290
Offentligt

Litteratur-

gennemgang

med supplerende

analyser af

årsagerne til

ufrivillig, førtidig

tilbagetrækning fra

arbejdsmarkedet

Appendiks til afslutningsrapport

til Arbejdsmiljøforskningsfonden

Karina Glies Vincents Seeberg, Helena Breth Nielsen, Heidi Vendelbo Eich-horn Andersen,

Lars L. Andersen, Elizabeth Bengtsen, Julie Eskildsen Bruun, Anne Louise Nyboe Christiansen,

Line Marie Toft Dyhr, Elisabeth Framke, Sophie Korsgaard Møhl Keller, Dea Busk Larsen,

Henriette Bjørn Nielsen, Mads Nordentoft, Jeppe Karl Sørensen, Kathrine Sørensen, Anne

Windolf-Nielsen, Ida Elisabeth Huitfeldt Madsen, Reiner Rugulies

BEU, Alm.del - 2019-20 - Bilag 290: Orientering om litteraturgennemgang med supplerende analyser om årsager til ufrivillig, førtidig tilbagetrækning fra arbejdsmarkedet, fra beskæftigelsesministeren BEU, Alm.del - 2019-20 - Bilag 290: Orientering om litteraturgennemgang med supplerende analyser om årsager til ufrivillig, førtidig tilbagetrækning fra arbejdsmarkedet, fra beskæftigelsesministeren

Appendiks til afslutningsrapporten:

Seeberg KGV et al. Litteraturgennemgang med supplerende analyser af årsagerne til

ufrivillig, førtidig tilbagetrækning fra arbejdsmarkedet.

Afslutningsrapport til Arbejdsmiljøforskningsfonden.

Det Nationale Forskningscenter for Arbejdsmiljø, 2020.

Indhold

Appendiks 1. Protokol og søgestreng .......................................................................................................................4

Appendiks 2. Udsnit af dataekstraktionstabel i litteraturgennemgangen. ........................................................... 27

Appendiks 3. Ekskluderede studier ....................................................................................................................... 28

Appendiks 4. Studiekarakteristik af de inkluderede studier ................................................................................. 42

Appendiks 5. Studiekarakteristik af de inkluderede studier samt estimater, som ikke er med i

metaanalyserne. .................................................................................................................................................... 60

Appendiks 6. Studiekarakteristik af de inkluderede studier samt estimater, som er med i metaanalyserne ...... 86

Appendiks 7. Forest- og funnelplots for fysiske krav i arbejdet (alle kvalitetsniveauer af studier) .................... 149

Appendiks 8. Forest- og funnelplots for psykosocialt arbejdsmiljø (alle kvalitetsniveauer af studier) .............. 154

Appendiks 9. Forest- og funnelplots for sundhedsadfærd (alle kvalitetsniveauer af studier) ............................ 161

Appendiks 10. Forest- og funnelplots for mentale helbredsproblemer (alle kvalitetsniveauer af studier)........ 170

Appendiks 11. Forest- og funnelplots for somatiske helbredsproblemer (alle kvalitetsniveauer af studier)..... 175

Appendiks 12. Resultater fra alle domæner, både på alle kvalitetsniveauer og højkvalitetsniveauer ............... 179

Appendiks 13. Forest- og funnelplots for fysiske krav i arbejdet (højkvalitetsstudier)....................................... 181

Appendiks 14. Forest- og funnelplots for psykosocialt arbejdsmiljø (højkvalitetsstudier) ................................. 186

Appendiks 15. Forest- og funnelplots for sundhedsadfærd (højkvalitetsstudier) .............................................. 193

Appendiks 16. Forest- og funnelplots for mentale helbredsproblemer (højkvalitetsstudier) ............................ 202

Appendiks 17. Forest- og funnelplots for somatiske helbredsproblemer (højkvalitetsstudier) ......................... 207

Appendiks 18. Oversigt over spørgeskemaspørgsmål opdelt efter domæne ..................................................... 211

Appendiks 19. Model 5: Yderlige analyser med justeringer på tværs af domæner (supplerende analyser) ...... 214

Appendiks 1. Protokol og søgestreng

Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of determinants of

involuntary early withdrawal from the labour market

Kathrine Sørensen

, Karina G.V. Seeberg

, Ida E. H. Madsen

, Line Marie Toft Dyhr

, Anne Windolf-

Nielsen

, Lars L. Andersen

1,2

and Reiner Rugulies

1,3, 4

National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark

Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark

Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

Corresponding author

Kathrine Sørensen

National Research Centre for the Working Environment

Lersø Parkallé 105

DK-2100 Copenhagen

Phone: +4539165366

Email: [email protected]

This protocol was finalized and uploaded to the PROSPERO website on the 14

of September 2018

(https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/)

Amendments to this protocol will be listed on the PROSPERO website with a date of amendment and

accompanied with a description of the change and the rationale for this change.

Financial support

This project was funded by the Danish Work Environment Research Fund

(Arbejdsmiljøforskningsfonden (AMFF)), Grant number: AMFF 01-2018-03

ABSTRACT

Aim:

The aim of this paper is to present a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis on

involuntary early withdrawal from the labour market.

Methods:

We will search for studies that examined the relation of determinants from five domains

(physical work demands, psychosocial work environment, health behaviours, somatic health

problems, mental health problems) with risk of involuntary early withdrawal from the labour market.

We will include prospective cohort studies, randomized controlled trials and natural experiments

published from 1998 to 2018 and indexed in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and PsycINFO. In

addition, we will search research reports published on the homepage of the Danish Work

Environment Research Fund, reference lists of included articles and previous reviews, our own article

collections and a citation database. We will also contact selected experts from Denmark and the

Nordic countries. Two review authors will independently assess eligibility of the studies using pre-

defined eligibility criteria. Disagreements will be solved through discussion and a third review author,

if necessary. Study quality will be assessed by established instruments. To obtain summary estimates

on the association of the potential determinants and risk of involuntary early withdrawal from the

labour market, we will pool the study-specific estimates and their standard errors in meta-analyses. In

addition, we plan several subgroup analyses, if allowed by the data.

Results:

Results will be reported in a Danish language report submitted to the funding source and an

English language article submitted to a peer-reviewed research journal.

Conclusion:

We expect that this review and meta-analysis will provide new insights into the

determinants of involuntary early withdrawal from the labour market.

INTRODUCTION

Involuntary early withdrawal from the labour market, e.g., due to disability pension, is a major

challenge for modern welfare states (OECD, 2010). The ability of an individual to participate in the

labour market, called workability, is a multidimensional construct determined by factors from various

domains, including but not limited to the health of the individual and conditions at the workplace

(WHO, 2007).

To the best of our knowledge, no previous systematic reviews have comprehensively examined the

various domains that potentially determine labour market participation. However, some reviews have

examined specific domains.

A Dutch research group reported in a systematic review published in 2014 that poor self-rated health,

poor mental health and chronic diseases were associated with higher risk of withdrawal from the

labour market, in particular withdrawal due to disability pension or unemployment (van Rjin et al.

2014). Another review from the same research group identified obesity as a strong predictor of

withdrawal Robroek et al. 2017).

The role of psychological, social and organisational work environment factors for disability pension

was examined in a systematic review and meta-analysis of a research group from Norway, Finland and

Denmark in 2017. The review concluded that there was moderate evidence for that exposure to low

job control and to the combination of high psychological demands and low job control (called job

strain) was a predictor of disability pension (Knardahl et al. 2017).

The aim of this protocol is to describe a systematic literature review of determinants of involuntary

early withdrawal from the labour market that is not limited to determinants from one specific domain

but considers determinants from five different domains: physical work demands, psychosocial work

environment, health behaviours, somatic health problems, and mental health problems.

METHODS

Protocol and registration

We conduct this review and meta-analysis in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for

Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement (Shamseer et al. 2015). The review will

be registered on the PROSPERO website (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/).

Eligibility criteria

We will include studies that have examined the relation of variables from the five domains of 1)

physical work demands, 2) psychosocial work environment, 3) health behaviours, 4) somatic health

problem and 5) mental health problems with risk of involuntary early withdrawal from the labour

market. The studies have to be published in peer reviewed research journals from 1

January 1998 to

August 2018. In addition, we will consider research reports published on the homepage of the

Danish Work Environment Research Fund

(https://arbejdstilsynet.dk/da/om%20arbejdstilsynet/arbejdsmiljoforskningsfonden/projekter).

The following types of studies will be eligible: 1) prospective epidemiologic (observational) studies of

the association between exposures from the above-listed five domains and the risk of involuntary

early withdrawal from the labour market. 2) Randomized controlled intervention studies (including

cluster-randomized studies) that examined if an intervention on one of the five domains affected the

likelihood of involuntary early withdrawal from the labour market. 3) Natural experiments on the

association of changes in one of the five domains and the likelihood of involuntary early withdrawal

from the labour market.

Studies will be included if the participants of the study are adult individuals (≥18 years) who are at risk

of involuntary early withdrawal from the labour market, i.e. who are active in the labour market and

have not reached statutory retirement age at baseline. Studies will be excluded if the participants of

the study are individuals who are younger than 18 years old, who are older than the statutory

retirement age of the country they live in, or who are not active in the labour market at baseline.

We will include articles written in English, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish and German.

Definition and measurement of the determinants (exposures)

The determinants of interest are defined within the following five domains: 1) physical work

demands, 2) psychosocial work environment, 3) health behaviours, 4) mental health problems, 5)

somatic health problems.

Physical work demands

pertain to factors at work such as lifting, carrying, pushing or pulling objects,

working with the arms above shoulder height, repetitive and forceful work, twisting and bending of

the back, standing, walking and seated work. It can also include bodily perceptions of physical

exertion during work, e.g. measured by the Borg scale. The

psychosocial working environment

includes psychological and social exposures at work and the organization of work. Both physical and

psychosocial working environment can be measured by Self reported measures (e.g., questionnaires)

and non-Self reporteded measures (e.g., register data, rating by external observers, technical

measures).

Health behaviours

will include diet, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and exercise. For the

definition of unhealthy diet, we will rely on the study specific definitions under the precondition that

the study specific definitions were based on established guidelines or documented evidence from

previous research. Otherwise, the study will not be included. We will also use a body mass index

(BMI) below 18.5 or above 25 as a proxy for unhealthy diet. Tobacco use will include smoking and

passive smoking in any amount. Regarding alcohol intake we will, to the extent the measures in the

studies allow this, define low risk and high risk limits in accordance with the guidelines by the Danish

Health Authorities: Among men, low risk is defined as ≤14 units pr. week and high risk as >21 units pr.

week. Among women, low risk is defined as ≤ 7 units pr. week and high risk as >14 units pr. week.

Regarding exercise, we will, to the extent the measures in the studies allow this, categorise duration

and intensity of exercise in accordance with the “Saltin–Grimby Physical Activity Level Scale” with the

four levels “Sedentary”, “Some physical activity”, “Moderate physical activity” and “Vigorous physical

activity” (Grimby et al. 2015). If this categorisation is not possible, we might use the study-specific

scale and their cut-points, if they appear appropriate.

Somatic health problems

include any disease or somatic health problem defined in the “International

Classification of Disease, 10

version” (ICD-10) from WHO. The disease or health problem must be

diagnosed by a qualified professional or registered in administrative data, registry data or by hospital

admission. Self reporteded disease or self-rated health will not be included.

Mental health problems

include any psychiatric disorder (coded with an F-diagnose in ICD-10 or

defined in “Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders” (DSM) by the American Psychiatric

Association). The disorder will be measured by either a psychiatric diagnostic interview, a diagnosis by

a qualified professional, administrative data, registry data, and data of hospital admission. In the case

of mental health problems we will, contrary to somatic health problems, also include measures with

self-administered rating scales for the disorder, but only if the rating scale was previously validated

against a clinical measure and had dichotomized respondents into cases versus non-cases.

Definition and measurement of the outcome

The outcome we study is the risk of involuntary early withdrawal from the labour market. This is

defined as involuntarily moving to disability pension, part-time disability pension, reduced working

hours jobs, specific types of non-regular employment such as “sheltered employment” or “light jobs”

or entering a work rehabilitation program.

Time periods of unemployment, long-term sickness absence and social welfare benefits will be

included as outcomes if the following two circumstances are both fulfilled: 1) The time period has

been at least a year and 2) the period of unemployment, long-term sickness absence and social

welfare was immediately followed by permanent withdrawal from the labour market, for example by

entering early retirement or statutory retirement age.

Population and comparators

We include adult individuals (≥18 years) who are at risk of involuntary early withdrawal from the

labour market, i.e. who are active in the labour market and have not reached statutory retirement

age at baseline.

We will compare individuals who have been influenced by determinants in the five domains of

interest with individuals with zero or low exposure.

For the two domains of work environment: Depending on the type of exposure we will compare

individuals who are exposed to the work factor to individuals with zero or low exposure.

For the domain pertaining health behaviour, we will compare individuals with risky health behaviours,

with individuals without this behaviour.

For the domains of somatic and mental health, we will compare individuals with a disease or disorder

with individuals without this particular disease or disorder.

Search strategy and sources

The search strategy contains six elements: 1) searching electronic academic databases: Pubmed,

EMBASE, Web of Science and PsycINFO. We search the last 20 years, i.e. from 1

January 1998 to 31

August 2018; 2) searching reports available on the homepage of the Danish Work Environment

Research Fund

(https://arbejdstilsynet.dk/da/om%20arbejdstilsynet/arbejdsmiljoforskningsfonden/projekter) as this

contains results from most relevant Danish studies during the search period; 3) screening the

reference list of all eligible studies and from previously published reviews to identify studies that we

missed in the electronic search; 4) identifying studies citing one or more of our included studies

through the citation database of Web of Science ; 5) searching the article collection of the review

authors; 6) contacting selected experts from Denmark and the Nordic countries to ensure that we

have included all relevant studies.

For a detailed search string we refer to the appendix titled: “Development and testing of search

strategy for a systematic review on determinants of involuntary early withdrawal from the labour

market”, published at the Prospero registration of this protocol.

Software and study record

We will download the results of the search to Endnote and keep all studies in an Endnote library.

We will use the review software programme Covidence to do the screening and data extraction. All

records found in the search will be screened by title and abstract independently by two members

from the project group. Disagreement will be resolved by a third group member. If the inclusion

criteria are met, the full text of the studies will be retrieved, and further assessed for eligibility by two

members of the project group. Disagreement will be resolved by a third group member, and reasons

for excluding the studies will be documented during the full-text screening. To summarise the process

of the study selection a PRISMA flow chart will be generated.

We will also use Covidence for data extraction. Two different reviewers extract the data using

standardised forms. Disagreement will be resolved by a discussion and the involvement of a third

reviewer, if necessary.

Data items – data extraction

We will extract the following information from each eligible study: Reference, publication year,

country, population (including industrial sector), type of exposure (or type of intervention) ,type of

outcome (e.g. withdrawal due to full disability pension vs. part-time disability pension), study design,

covariates used for analysis, sample size, risk and effect estimates and the uncertainty (for instance

confidence intervals).

If a study has more than one risk or effect estimates we choose the most adjusted estimate, unless

two reviewers, doing the data extraction independently of each other, assess that the estimate is over

adjusted and that a different estimate from the analyses should be selected.

Risk of bias assessment

For the risk of bias assessment we will use different tools to the different types of studies.

For observational studies we will use the “Newcastle-Ottawa scale” designed for assessing the quality

of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. We will use the Assessment Scale for Cohort Studies

(Wells et al. 2008), available at:

http://www.ohri.ca/programs/clinical_epidemiology/oxford.asp).

Each study will be assigned a number of stars, with a total maximum of nine stars. A maximum of four

stars can be given on account of the selection of study population, two stars can be given in terms of

comparability and three stars can be given based on the outcome. Disagreement between the two

review authors will be resolved by discussion, with involvement of a third review author where

necessary. A study will be rated as good quality if the study obtained: Three or four stars in the

Selection domain AND one or two stars in the Comparability domain AND two or three stars in the

Outcome domain. The study will be rated as fair quality if the study obtained: Two stars in the

Selection domain AND one or two stars in the Comparability domain AND two or three stars in the

Outcome domain. The study will be rated as poor quality if the study obtained: Zero or one star in the

Selection domain OR zero stars in the Comparability domain OR zero or one star in the Outcome

domain.

For the intervention studies we will use the “risk of bias tool” from the Cochrane Collaboration

Handbook available at:

https://handbook-5-1.cochrane.org/chapter_8/8_assessing_risk_of_bias_in

included_ studies.htm.

Each included intervention study will be investigated by two reviewers based

on the following six domains with a rating of low, high or unclear risk of bias; sequence generation,

allocation concealment, blinding, incomplete outcome data, selective outcome reporting and other

biases. Disagreement between the reviewers will be solved by a discussion and involvement of a third

reviewer if necessary.

For natural experiments, we will use the ROBINS-I tool (Thomson et al. 2018) to assess risk of bias.

Each study will be assessed for risk of bias based on signalling questions within the following domains:

confounding, selection of participants, classification of the interventions, deviation from intended

interventions, missing data, measurement of outcomes, selection of reported result. Options for each

signalling question is “low risk of bias”, “moderate risk of bias”, “serious risk of bias”, “critical risk of

bias”, and “no information”. The tool prerequisites that the confounding variables and possible co-

interventions must be specified in advance at protocol-level, but since this review is not restricted to

one but many different determinants it is not possible to define this in advance. If we find any natural

experiment studies, we will define confounders and co-interventions as early as possible in the

screening/assessment process.

If other risk of bias (quality) assessment instruments become available at the time of screening and if

we consider these new instruments superior to the currently selected instruments, then we may

switch to these new instruments.

The risk of bias assessment will be used as part of the quality of evidence assessment that will state

the confidence in the different estimates from the meta-analysis.

Data synthesis

We will present the data from each study in tables stratified by the 5 domains of exposure. If at least

two studies are found within each domain, we will conduct a random effect meta-analysis within the

domains.

The meta-analyses will be conducted separately for observational studies, intervention studies and

natural experiments. For early retirement the meta-analyses will also be conducted separately, since

this kind of retirement can be both voluntary and involuntary.

Heterogeneity across studies in the 5 domains will be measured with I

statistics as described in

Higgins et al. (2003).

If heterogeneity is high (I

≥ 75 %) within a domain we will do more analyses by grouping factors of

exposure inside the domain and examine if this improves the analyses. We will use meta-regression

techniques to examine whether the total effect is modified by a third variable.

If there is sufficient data we will conduct subgroup analysis based on sex, age, and job type.

We will also stratify the analysis by study origin distinguishing first studies from Denmark vs other

countries, and second distinguishing studies from all Nordic countries (Norway, Sweden, Denmark,

Iceland, and Finland) vs other countries.

Finally, we will also stratify the analysis according to our risk of bias assessment (low versus high risk

of bias).

Strength of evidence

For assessment of the strength of the evidence and the confidence in the pooled estimates found we

will use “The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation” (GRADE) as

described in Morgan et al. (2016). The study types establish an initial level of certainty. Next, it will be

considered if the certainty will be raised or lowered by considering a list of predefined concepts. The

list of concepts include risk of bias, inconsistency, indirectness, imprecision, publication bias, large

effects, dose response, and direction and impact of confounding variables. We will do this assessment

for each pooled estimate.

RESULTS

Results will be reported in a report in Danish language, submitted to the Danish Working Environment

Research Fund and in a manuscript in English language, submitted to a peer-reviewed research

journal.

REFERENCES

Grimby G, Borjesson M, Jonsdottir IH, Schnohr P, Thelle DS, Saltin, B. The "Saltin-Grimby Physical

Activity Level Scale" and its application to health research. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine &

Science in Sports 2015; 25: 119-125. doi:10.1111/sms.12611

Higgins JPT, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. British

Medical Journal 2003; 327(7414): 557-560. doi:DOI 10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557

Knardahl S, Johannessen HA, Sterud T, Harma M, Rugulies R, Seitsamo J, Borg, V. The contribution

from psychological, social, and organizational work factors to risk of disability retirement: A

systematic review with meta-analyses. Bmc Public Health 2017; 17(176). doi: ARTN 176

10.1186/s12889-017-4059-4

Morgan RL, Thayer KA, Bero L, Bruce, N, Falck-Ytter Y, Ghersi D, Guyatt G, Hooijmans C, Langendam

M, Mandrioli D, Mustafa RA, Rehfuess EA, Rooney AA, Shea B, Silbergeld EK, Sutton P, Wolfe MS,

Woodruff TJ, Verbeek JH, Holloway AC, Santesso, N, Schünemann HJ. GRADE: Assessing the quality of

evidence in environmental and occupational health. Environment International 2016;92-93:611-616.

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2016.01.004

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Sickness, disability and work:

Breaking the barriers. 2010 [accessed 13 September 2018]. Available from:

http://www.oecd.org/publications/sickness-disability-and-work-breaking-the-barriers-

9789264088856-en.htm.

Robroek SJW, Jarvholm B, van der Beek A J, Proper KI, Wahlstrom J, Burdorf A. (2017). Influence of

obesity and physical workload on disability benefits among construction workers followed up for 37

years. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2017;74(9):621-627. doi:10.1136/oemed-2016-

104059

Shamseer L, Moher D, Clarke M, Ghersi D, Liberati A, Petticrew M, Shekelle P, Stewart LA, the

PRISMA-P Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols

(PRISMA-P) 2015: elaboration and explanation. BMJ 2015;350:g7647. doi:10.1136/bmj.g7647

Thomson H, Craig P, Hilton-Boon M, Campbell M, Katikireddi SV. Applying the ROBINS-I tool to natural

experiments: an example from public health. Systematic Reviews 2018;7:15. doi:10.1186/s13643-

017-0659-4

van Rijn RM, Robroek SJ, Brouwer S, Burdorf A. Influence of poor health on exit from paid

employment: a systematic review. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2014; 71(4), 295-301.

doi:10.1136/oemed-2013-101591

World Health Organization. The International Classficiation of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)

[2007] [accessed March, 3rd 2015]. Available from:

http://www.who.int/classifications/icf/en/.

Development and testing of the search strategy for a systematic review on determinants of

involuntary early withdrawal from the labour market.

This document describes the development and testing of the search strategy for the systematic

review “Determinants of involuntary early withdrawal from the labour market: a systematic review

with meta-analysis” that is registered on the PROSPERO website.

Development of search strategy

According to the project description in the grant proposal for this review and the subsequent

PROSPERO registration, the search has to be conducted in four academic databases that is Pubmed,

EMBASE, Web of Science, and PsycINFO. The search covers articles published in the last 20 years that

is articles published between January 1

st,

1998 and August 31

st,

2018.

Our strategy was developed in Pubmed, and will afterward be translated to the search engine of

other databases.

The strategy was based on two blocks of search terms.

to capture articles on early involuntary withdrawal from the labour market according to our

definition of this

to capture articles about the 5 domains of determinants of early involuntary withdrawal from

the labour market

Combining block 1 AND block 2 would give articles relevant for this review, but also a large number of

false positive articles. Therefore, we added a block of terms that would limit the search to articles

that reported determinants and risks. This block is called 3.

We also added a filter of “year of publication” and “human studies”.

Preliminary search of all three blocks combined (September 10)

History

Download historyClear history

Recent queries

Add

Sear to

ch build

Query

Items

Time

found

#9 Add

Search (#1 AND #5 AND #6) Filters: Publication date from 1998/01/01 to 2018/08/31;

Humans

#8 Add

Search (#1 AND #5 AND #6) Filters: Publication date from 1998/01/01 to 2018/08/31

6117

04:50:

6709

04:50:

8304

04:50:

#7 Add

Search (#1 AND #5 AND #6)

#6 Add

Search ((((((((((((((((((((risk[Title/Abstract]) OR risks[Title/Abstract]) OR

68094

04:48:

determinant[Title/Abstract]) OR determinants[Title/Abstract]) OR

determinate[Title/Abstract]) OR hazard[Title/Abstract]) OR hazards[Title/Abstract]) OR

subsequent[Title/Abstract]) OR predictor[Title/Abstract]) OR predictors[Title/Abstract]) OR

predict[Title/Abstract]) OR predicts[Title/Abstract]) OR assocation[Title/Abstract]) OR

associations[Title/Abstract]) OR associated[Title/Abstract]) OR relationship[Title/Abstract])

OR causal[Title/Abstract]) OR odds[Title/Abstract]) OR cause[Title/Abstract]) OR

causes[Title/Abstract]) OR likelihood[Title/Abstract]

#5 Add

Search (#2 OR #3 OR #4)

79691

04:44:

54460

04:44:

#4 Add

Search ((((((((("Disease"[MeSH]) OR "Syndrome"[MeSH]) OR “Diagnosis"[Mesh:NoExp]) OR

"Chronic Disease"[Mesh]) OR "Communicable Diseases"[Mesh]) OR "Health"[Mesh]) OR

"Mental Health"[Mesh]) OR "Mental Disorders"[Mesh]) OR

(((((((((((((“Disorder”[Title/Abstract]) OR “Disease”[Title/Abstract]) OR

"Illness"[Title/Abstract]) OR "Sickness"[Title/Abstract]) OR "Syndrome"[Title/Abstract]) OR

"Diagnose"[Title/Abstract]) OR “diagnosed”[Title/Abstract]) OR “health

problem”[Title/Abstract]) OR “health problems”[Title/Abstract]) OR “health

status”[Title/Abstract]) OR “poor health”[Title/Abstract]) OR “bad health”[Title/Abstract])

OR “suboptimal health”[Title/Abstract]))

#3 Add

Search ((("Health Behavior"[Mesh:NoExp]) OR "Health Risk Behaviors"[Mesh]) OR

(((((((((((("health behaviour"[Text Word]) OR “health behaviours”[Text Word]) OR “health

behavior”[Title/Abstract]) OR “health behaviors”[Title/Abstract]) OR "healthy

behaviour"[Text Word]) OR "healthy behaviours"[Text Word]) OR "unhealthy

behaviour"[Text Word]) OR "unhealthy behaviours"[Text Word]) OR "health risk

behaviour"[Text Word]) OR "health risk behaviours"[ Title/Abstract]) OR "health risk

behavior"[Text Word]) OR "health risk behaviors"[ Title/Abstract]) OR ((((("Life

Style"[MeSH]) OR "Risk Reduction Behavior"[Mesh:NoExp]) OR "Risk Factors"[MeSH]) OR

"life style"[Title/Abstract]) OR "risk reduction behavior"[Title/Abstract]) OR ((((((("Smoking

Cessation"[MeSH]) OR "Smoking Reduction"[MeSH]) OR "Tobacco Use Cessation"[MeSH])

OR "Smoking"[MeSH]) OR "Tobacco Use"[MeSH]) OR "smoking"[Title/Abstract]) OR

"tobacco"[Title/Abstract]) OR ((((("Diet"[Mesh:NoExp]) OR nutrition[MeSH]) OR diet[

Title/Abstract]) OR nutrition[Text Word]) OR consumption[Title/Abstract]) OR

(((("Exercise"[MeSH]) OR exercise[ Title/Abstract]) OR “Sedentary Lifestyle”[Mesh]) OR

“sedentary lifestyle”[Title/Abstract]) OR ((Alcohol Drinking[MeSH]) AND "Alcohol"[

Title/Abstract]))

#2 Add

Search (((((((((((("Work"[MeSH]) OR "Workload"[Mesh]) OR "Workplace"[Mesh]) OR

"Occupational Health"[Mesh]) OR "Occupational Diseases"[Mesh]) OR "Occupational

Groups"[Mesh]) OR "Occupational Exposure"[Mesh]) OR "Occupations"[Mesh]) OR

"Women, Working"[Mesh]) OR "Employment"[Mesh:NoExp]) OR "Burnout,

Professional"[Mesh]) OR (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((work[Title]) OR worker[Title/Abstract]) OR

workers[Title/Abstract]) OR work-related[Title/Abstract]) OR work-load*[Title/Abstract])

OR workload*[Title/Abstract]) OR workplace*[Title/Abstract]) OR work-

place*[Title/Abstract]) OR work environment*[Title/Abstract]) OR working

condition*[Title/Abstract]) OR work stress[Title/Abstract]) OR work

demand[Title/Abstract]) OR work demands[Title/Abstract]) OR occupation[Title/Abstract])

OR occupational[Title/Abstract]) OR occupationally[Title/Abstract]) OR job[Title/Abstract])

OR jobs[Title/Abstract]) OR employ[Title/Abstract]) OR employed[Title/Abstract]) OR

19968

04:44:

17204

04:43:

employee[Title/Abstract]) OR employees[Title/Abstract]) OR employment[Title/Abstract])

OR employments[Title/Abstract]) OR organization[Title/Abstract]) OR

organisation[Title/Abstract]) OR organizational[Title/Abstract]) OR

organisational[Title/Abstract]) OR organizations[Title/Abstract]) OR

organisations[Title/Abstract]) OR company[Title/Abstract]) OR companies[Title/Abstract])

#1 Add

Search (((((("withdrawal"[Text Word]) OR "retirement"[Text Word]) OR "expulsion"[Text

35449

04:43:

Word]) OR "pension"[Text Word])) AND ((("labour market"[Text Word]) OR "labor

market"[Text Word]) OR "job market"[Text Word]) OR (((((((((((((((("early retirement"[Text

Word]) OR "disability pension"[Text Word]) OR "disability pensioning"[Text Word]) OR

"disability retirement"[Text Word]) OR "disability compensation"[Text Word]) OR "work

disability"[Text Word]) OR "part-time disability pension"[Text Word]) OR "disability

insurance"[Text Word]) OR "reduced working hours"[Text Word]) OR "reduced work

hour"[Text Word]) OR "reduced hours"[Text Word]) OR "light job"[Text Word]) OR "flexible

job"[Text Word]) OR "flex job"[Text Word]) OR "long-term benefits"[Text Word]) OR “state

pension”[Text Word]) OR (("rehabilitation program"[Text Word]) AND (((((((((((work[Title])

OR working[Text Word]) OR job[Text Word]) OR jobs[Text Word]) OR labour[Text Word])

OR labor[Text Word]) OR employee[Text Word]) OR employment[Text Word]) OR

retirement[Text Word]) OR retire[Text Word]) OR occupation[Text Word])) OR

(((((“Disabled Persons”[Mesh]) OR disability[Title/Abstract]) OR "rehabilitation

program"[Title/Abstract])) AND "Retirement"[Mesh]) OR (((("Insurance, Disability"[Mesh])

OR "Social Security"[Mesh]) OR "Retirement"[Mesh]) OR "Pensions"[Mesh]) OR ((((((("long

term sickness absence "[Text Word]) OR "long term sick leave"[Text Word]) OR "long term

sickleave"[Text Word]) OR "social welfare benefits"[Text Word]) OR unemployment[Text

Word])) AND ((retire*[Text Word]) OR pension*[Text Word])) OR

((((pension*[Title/Abstract]) OR retire*[Title/Abstract])) AND early[Title/Abstract]) OR

((((((workability[Text Word]) OR "work role functioning"[Text Word]) OR "work ability"[Text

Word]) OR "work disability"[Text Word])) AND ((retirement[Text Word]) OR pension*[Text

Word])) OR (statutory[All Fields] AND ("retirement"[MeSH Terms] OR "retirement"[All

Fields]) AND ("age"[All Fields])))

Block 1 – terms related to involuntary early withdrawal from the labour market

Involuntary early withdrawal from the labour market is defined as follows in the PROSPERO

registration:

The primary outcome of this review is the risk of involuntary early withdrawal from the labour market.

This is defined as involuntary moving to either disability pension, part-time disability pension reduced

working hours jobs, specific types of non-regular employment such as “sheltered employment” or

“light jobs” or entering a work rehabilitation program.

Time periods of unemployment, long-term sickness absence, and social welfare benefits will be

included of two circumstances are fulfilled: 1) The time period has been at least a year and 2) the

period of unemployment, long-term sickness absence, and social welfare was immediately followed by

permanent withdrawal from the labour market, for example by entering early retirement or statutory

retirement age.

Block 1 is set up in the following way:

((((("withdrawal"[Text Word]) OR "retirement"[Text Word]) OR "expulsion"[Text Word]) OR "pension"[Text Word])) AND

((("labour market"[Text Word]) OR "labor market"[Text Word]) OR "job market"[Text Word])

(((((((((((((((("early retirement"[Text Word]) OR "disability pension"[Text Word]) OR "disability pensioning"[Text Word]) OR

"disability retirement"[Text Word]) OR "disability compensation"[Text Word]) OR "work disability"[Text Word]) OR "part-

time disability pension"[Text Word]) OR "disability insurance"[Text Word]) OR "reduced working hours"[Text Word]) OR

"reduced work hour"[Text Word]) OR "reduced hours"[Text Word]) OR "light job"[Text Word]) OR "flexible job"[Text

Word]) OR "flex job"[Text Word]) OR "long-term benefits"[Text Word]) OR “state pension”[Text Word])

(("rehabilitation program"[Text Word]) AND (((((((((((work[Title]) OR working[Text Word]) OR job[Text Word]) OR jobs[Text

Word]) OR labour[Text Word]) OR labor[Text Word]) OR employee[Text Word]) OR employment[Text Word]) OR

retirement[Text Word]) OR retire[Text Word]) OR occupation[Text Word]))

(((((“Disabled Persons”[Mesh]) OR disability[Title/Abstract]) OR "rehabilitation program"[Title/Abstract])) AND

"Retirement"[Mesh])

(((("Insurance, Disability"[Mesh]) OR "Social Security"[Mesh]) OR "Retirement"[Mesh]) OR "Pensions"[Mesh])

((((((("long term sickness absence "[Text Word]) OR "long term sick leave"[Text Word]) OR "long term sickleave"[Text

Word]) OR "social welfare benefits"[Text Word]) OR unemployment[Text Word])) AND ((retire*[Text Word]) OR

pension*[Text Word]))

((((pension*[Title/Abstract]) OR retire*[Title/Abstract])) AND early[Title/Abstract])

((((((workability[Text Word]) OR "work role functioning"[Text Word]) OR "work ability"[Text Word]) OR "work

disability"[Text Word])) AND ((retirement[Text Word]) OR pension*[Text Word]))

(statutory[All Fields] AND ("retirement"[MeSH Terms] OR "retirement"[All Fields]) AND ("age"[All Fields]))

Results from the preliminary search (September 7)

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354

04:

19:

04:

16:

393

04:

16:

226

04:

15:

357

04:

15:

249

04:

14:

231

04:

14:

806

04:

13:

Query

#2 Add

Search (#3 OR #4 OR #7 OR #9 OR #10 OR #13 OR #15 OR #18 OR #19)

#1 Add

Search (statutory[All Fields] AND ("retirement"[MeSH Terms] OR "retirement"[All Fields]) AND

("age"[All Fields]))

#1 Add

Search (((((workability[Text Word]) OR "work role functioning"[Text Word]) OR "work ability"[Text

Word]) OR "work disability"[Text Word])) AND ((retirement[Text Word]) OR pension*[Text Word])

#1 Add

Search (retirement[Text Word]) OR pension*[Text Word]

#1 Add

Search (((workability[Text Word]) OR "work role functioning"[Text Word]) OR "work ability"[Text

Word]) OR "work disability"[Text Word]

#1 Add

Search (((pension*[Title/Abstract]) OR retire*[Title/Abstract])) AND early[Title/Abstract]

#1 Add

Search (pension*[Title/Abstract]) OR retire*[Title/Abstract]

#1 Add

Search ((((((("long term sickness absence "[Text Word]) OR "long term sick leave"[Text Word]) OR

"long term sickleave"[Text Word]) OR "social welfare benefits"[Text Word]) OR unemployment[Text

Word])) AND ((retire*[Text Word]) OR pension*[Text Word]))

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276

04:

13:

134

04:

12:

271

04:

11:

594

04:

09:

183

04:

309

09:

599

04:

07:

Query

#1 Add

Search (retire*[Text Word]) OR pension*[Text Word]

#1 Add

Search (((("long term sickness absence "[Text Word]) OR "long term sick leave"[Text Word]) OR

"long term sickleave"[Text Word]) OR "social welfare benefits"[Text Word]) OR unemployment[Text

Word]

#1 Add

Search ((("Insurance, Disability"[Mesh]) OR "Social Security"[Mesh]) OR "Retirement"[Mesh]) OR

"Pensions"[Mesh]

#9 Add

Search ((((“Disabled Persons”[Mesh]) OR disability[Title/Abstract]) OR "rehabilitation

program"[Title/Abstract])) AND "Retirement"[Mesh]

#8 Add

Search ((“Disabled Persons”[Mesh]) OR disability[Title/Abstract]) OR "rehabilitation

program"[Title/Abstract]

#7 Add

Search ("rehabilitation program"[Text Word]) AND (((((((((((work[Title]) OR working[Text Word]) OR

job[Text Word]) OR jobs[Text Word]) OR labour[Text Word]) OR labor[Text Word]) OR

employee[Text Word]) OR employment[Text Word]) OR retirement[Text Word]) OR retire[Text

Word]) OR occupation[Text Word])

#6 Add

Search ((((((((((work[Title]) OR working[Text Word]) OR job[Text Word]) OR jobs[Text Word]) OR

labour[Text Word]) OR labor[Text Word]) OR employee[Text Word]) OR employment[Text Word])

OR retirement[Text Word]) OR retire[Text Word]) OR occupation[Text Word]

#5 Add

Search "rehabilitation program"[Text Word]

605

04:

557

07:

753

04:

05:

932

04:

#4 Add

Search ((((((((((((((("early retirement"[Text Word]) OR "disability pension"[Text Word]) OR "disability

pensioning"[Text Word]) OR "disability retirement"[Text Word]) OR "disability compensation"[Text

Word]) OR "work disability"[Text Word]) OR "part-time disability pension"[Text Word]) OR

"disability insurance"[Text Word]) OR "reduced working hours"[Text Word]) OR "reduced work

hour"[Text Word]) OR "reduced hours"[Text Word]) OR "light job"[Text Word]) OR "flexible

Recent queries

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Query

job"[Text Word]) OR "flex job"[Text Word]) OR "long-term benefits"[Text Word]) OR “state

pension”[Text Word]

#3 Add

Search ((((("withdrawal"[Text Word]) OR "retirement"[Text Word]) OR "expulsion"[Text Word]) OR

428

04:

"pension"[Text Word])) AND ((("labour market"[Text Word]) OR "labor market"[Text Word]) OR "job

01:

market"[Text Word])

#2 Add

Search ((("withdrawal"[Text Word]) OR "retirement"[Text Word]) OR "expulsion"[Text Word]) OR

"pension"[Text Word]

118

04:

772

01:

427

04:

00:

#1 Add

Search (("labour market"[Text Word]) OR "labor market"[Text Word]) OR "job market"[Text Word]

Block 2 – terms related to the 5 domains of determinants of interest

The 5 domains of determinants were captured in 3 different groups of terms. The first group includes

terms related to work. These terms were meant to identify articles in the domain of “physical work

environment” and “psychosocial work environment”. The second group includes terms related to the

health behaviors of interest to this review. The last group includes terms meant to identify articles

related to somatic and mental health problems.

Work environment

For this group of terms, we used words associated with work and employment.

The search looks like this:

((((((((((("Work"[MeSH]) OR "Workload"[Mesh]) OR "Workplace"[Mesh]) OR "Occupational Health"[Mesh]) OR

"Occupational Diseases"[Mesh]) OR "Occupational Groups"[Mesh]) OR "Occupational Exposure"[Mesh]) OR

"Occupations"[Mesh]) OR "Women, Working"[Mesh]) OR "Employment"[Mesh:NoExp]) OR "Burnout,

Professional"[Mesh])

(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((work[Title]) OR worker[Title/Abstract]) OR workers[Title/Abstract]) OR work-

related[Title/Abstract]) OR work-load*[Title/Abstract]) OR workload*[Title/Abstract]) OR workplace*[Title/Abstract]) OR

work-place*[Title/Abstract]) OR work environment*[Title/Abstract]) OR working condition*[Title/Abstract]) OR work

stress[Title/Abstract]) OR work demand[Title/Abstract]) OR work demands[Title/Abstract]) OR occupation[Title/Abstract])

OR occupational[Title/Abstract]) OR occupationally[Title/Abstract]) OR job[Title/Abstract]) OR jobs[Title/Abstract]) OR

employ[Title/Abstract]) OR employed[Title/Abstract]) OR employee[Title/Abstract]) OR employees[Title/Abstract]) OR

employment[Title/Abstract]) OR employments[Title/Abstract]) OR organization[Title/Abstract]) OR

organisation[Title/Abstract]) OR organizational[Title/Abstract]) OR organisational[Title/Abstract]) OR

organizations[Title/Abstract]) OR organisations[Title/Abstract]) OR company[Title/Abstract]) OR companies[Title/Abstract]

Results from the preliminary search (September 10)

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Search (#1 OR #10)

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172

07:

010

40:

800

07:

014

40:

Query

#1 Add

Search (((((((((((("Work"[MeSH]) OR "Workload"[Mesh]) OR "Workplace"[Mesh]) OR "Occupational

Health"[Mesh]) OR "Occupational Diseases"[Mesh]) OR "Occupational Groups"[Mesh]) OR

"Occupational Exposure"[Mesh]) OR "Occupations"[Mesh]) OR "Women, Working"[Mesh]) OR

"Employment"[Mesh:NoExp]) OR "Burnout, Professional"[Mesh]))

#1 Add

Search (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((work[Title]) OR worker[Title/Abstract]) OR workers[Title/Abstract])

OR work-related[Title/Abstract]) OR work-load*[Title/Abstract]) OR workload*[Title/Abstract]) OR

workplace*[Title/Abstract]) OR work-place*[Title/Abstract]) OR work environment*[Title/Abstract])

OR working condition*[Title/Abstract]) OR work stress[Title/Abstract]) OR work

demand[Title/Abstract]) OR work demands[Title/Abstract]) OR occupation[Title/Abstract]) OR

occupational[Title/Abstract]) OR occupationally[Title/Abstract]) OR job[Title/Abstract]) OR

jobs[Title/Abstract]) OR employ[Title/Abstract]) OR employed[Title/Abstract]) OR

employee[Title/Abstract]) OR employees[Title/Abstract]) OR employment[Title/Abstract]) OR

employments[Title/Abstract]) OR organization[Title/Abstract]) OR organisation[Title/Abstract]) OR

organizational[Title/Abstract]) OR organisational[Title/Abstract]) OR organizations[Title/Abstract])

OR organisations[Title/Abstract]) OR company[Title/Abstract]) OR companies[Title/Abstract]

115

07:

211

39:

Health behavior

For this group of terms, we used words associated with health behavior including diet, smoking, alcohol,

and exercise according to our inclusion criteria.

The search string become this:

(("Health Behavior"[Mesh:NoExp]) OR "Health Risk Behaviors"[Mesh])

(((((((((((("health behaviour"[Text Word]) OR “health behaviours”[Text Word]) OR “health behavior”[Title/Abstract]) OR

“health behaviors”[Title/Abstract]) OR "healthy behaviour"[Text Word]) OR "healthy behaviours"[Text Word]) OR

"unhealthy behaviour"[Text Word]) OR "unhealthy behaviours"[Text Word]) OR "health risk behaviour"[Text Word]) OR

"health risk behaviours"[ Title/Abstract]) OR "health risk behavior"[Text Word]) OR "health risk behaviors"[ Title/Abstract])

((((("Life Style"[MeSH]) OR "Risk Reduction Behavior"[Mesh:NoExp]) OR "Risk Factors"[MeSH]) OR "life

style"[Title/Abstract]) OR "risk reduction behavior"[Title/Abstract])

((((((("Smoking Cessation"[MeSH]) OR "Smoking Reduction"[MeSH]) OR "Tobacco Use Cessation"[MeSH]) OR

"Smoking"[MeSH]) OR "Tobacco Use"[MeSH]) OR "smoking"[Title/Abstract]) OR "tobacco"[Title/Abstract])

((((("Diet"[Mesh:NoExp]) OR nutrition[MeSH]) OR diet[ Title/Abstract]) OR nutrition[Text Word]) OR

consumption[Title/Abstract])

(((("Exercise"[MeSH]) OR exercise[ Title/Abstract]) OR “Sedentary Lifestyle”[Mesh]) OR “sedentary

lifestyle”[Title/Abstract])

((Alcohol Drinking[MeSH]) AND "Alcohol"[ Title/Abstract])

Results from the preliminary search (September 7)

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04:

598

42:

477

04:

40:

331

04:

150

39:

754

04:

877

38:

301

04:

058

37:

813

04:

064

35:

222

04:

33:

Query

#3 Add

Search (#25 OR #26 OR #27 OR #28 OR #29 OR #30 OR #31)

#3 Add

Search (Alcohol Drinking[MeSH]) AND "Alcohol"[ Title/Abstract]

#3 Add

Search ((("Exercise"[MeSH Terms]) OR exercise[ Title/Abstract]) OR “Sedentary Lifestyle”[Mesh]) OR

“sedentary lifestyle”[Title/Abstract]

#2 Add

Search (((("Diet"[Mesh:NoExp]) OR nutrition[MeSH Terms]) OR diet[ Title/Abstract]) OR

nutrition[Text Word]) OR consumption[Title/Abstract]

#2 Add

Search (((((("Smoking Cessation"[MeSH Terms]) OR "Smoking Reduction"[MeSH Terms]) OR

"Tobacco Use Cessation"[MeSH Terms]) OR "Smoking"[MeSH Terms]) OR "Tobacco Use"[MeSH

Terms]) OR "smoking"[Title/Abstract]) OR "tobacco"[Title/Abstract]

#2 Add

Search (((("Life Style"[MeSH Terms]) OR "Risk Reduction Behavior"[Mesh:NoExp]) OR "Risk

Factors"[MeSH]) OR "life style"[Title/Abstract]) OR "risk reduction behavior"[Title/Abstract]

#2 Add

Search ((((((((((("health behaviour"[Text Word]) OR “health behaviours”[Text Word]) OR “health

behavior”[Title/Abstract]) OR “health behaviors”[Title/Abstract]) OR "healthy behaviour"[Text

Word]) OR "healthy behaviours"[Text Word]) OR "unhealthy behaviour"[Text Word]) OR "unhealthy

behaviours"[Text Word]) OR "health risk behaviour"[Text Word]) OR "health risk behaviours"[

Title/Abstract]) OR "health risk behavior"[Text Word]) OR "health risk behaviors"[ Title/Abstract]

#2 Add

Search ("Health Behavior"[Mesh:NoExp]) OR "Health Risk Behaviors"[Mesh]

451

04:

32:

Health problems

For this group of terms, we used words associated with health problems including diseases or disorder

according to our inclusion criteria; the health problems should be an ICD and DSM classification.

The search string become this:

(((((((("Disease"[MeSH]) OR "Syndrome"[MeSH]) OR “Diagnosis"[Mesh:NoExp]) OR "Chronic Disease"[Mesh]) OR

"Communicable Diseases"[Mesh]) OR "Health"[Mesh]) OR "Mental Health"[Mesh]) OR "Mental Disorders"[Mesh])

(((((((((((((“Disorder”[Title/Abstract]) OR “Disease”[Title/Abstract]) OR "Illness"[Title/Abstract]) OR

"Sickness"[Title/Abstract]) OR "Syndrome"[Title/Abstract]) OR "Diagnose"[Title/Abstract]) OR “diagnosed”[Title/Abstract])

OR “health problem”[Title/Abstract]) OR “health problems”[Title/Abstract]) OR “health status”[Title/Abstract]) OR “poor

health”[Title/Abstract]) OR “bad health”[Title/Abstract]) OR “suboptimal health”[Title/Abstract]

Results from preliminary search (September 7)

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544

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350

48:

#3 Add

Search ((((((((((((“Disorder”[Title/Abstract]) OR “Disease”[Title/Abstract]) OR "Illness"[Title/Abstract])

425

04:

OR "Sickness"[Title/Abstract]) OR "Syndrome"[Title/Abstract]) OR "Diagnose"[Title/Abstract]) OR

293

48:

“diagnosed”[Title/Abstract])

“health

problem”[Title/Abstract])

“health

problems”[Title/Abstract]) OR “health status”[Title/Abstract]) OR “poor health”[Title/Abstract]) OR

“bad health”[Title/Abstract]) OR “suboptimal health”[Title/Abstract]

Search ((((((("Disease"[MeSH]) OR "Syndrome"[MeSH]) OR “Diagnosis"[Mesh:NoExp]) OR "Chronic

185

04:

Disease"[Mesh]) OR "Communicable Diseases"[Mesh]) OR "Health"[Mesh]) OR "Mental

682

44:

Health"[Mesh]) OR "Mental Disorders"[Mesh]

#3 Add

Preliminary search of block 2 in total (September 10)

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Search (#3 OR #4 OR #5)

Items found

7412377

Time

07:27:31

Block 3 – terms related to “determinants”

This block was added to limit the search to studies of determinants, effects of certain exposures and

risk.

The search looks like this:

(((((((((((((((((((((risk[Title/Abstract]) OR risks[Title/Abstract]) OR determinant[Title/Abstract]) OR

determinants[Title/Abstract]) OR determinate[Title/Abstract]) OR hazard[Title/Abstract]) OR hazards[Title/Abstract]) OR

subsequent[Title/Abstract]) OR predictor[Title/Abstract]) OR predictors[Title/Abstract]) OR predict[Title/Abstract]) OR

predicts[Title/Abstract]) OR assocation[Title/Abstract]) OR associations[Title/Abstract]) OR associated[Title/Abstract]) OR

relationship[Title/Abstract]) OR causal[Title/Abstract]) OR odds[Title/Abstract]) OR cause[Title/Abstract]) OR

causes[Title/Abstract]) OR likelihood[Title/Abstract])

Preliminary search (September 11)

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04:

945

48:

Query

#6 Add

Search ((((((((((((((((((((risk[Title/Abstract]) OR risks[Title/Abstract]) OR determinant[Title/Abstract])

OR determinants[Title/Abstract]) OR determinate[Title/Abstract]) OR hazard[Title/Abstract]) OR

hazards[Title/Abstract]) OR subsequent[Title/Abstract]) OR predictor[Title/Abstract]) OR

predictors[Title/Abstract]) OR predict[Title/Abstract]) OR predicts[Title/Abstract]) OR

assocation[Title/Abstract]) OR associations[Title/Abstract]) OR associated[Title/Abstract]) OR

relationship[Title/Abstract]) OR causal[Title/Abstract]) OR odds[Title/Abstract]) OR

cause[Title/Abstract]) OR causes[Title/Abstract]) OR likelihood[Title/Abstract]

Comparing our search results with search results from two previous reviews

We know of two reviews with similar or parallel topics (Knardahl et al. 2017; van Rijn et al. 2014). Of

the articles identified in these two reviews, 56 were indexed in Pubmed. Without using the filters of

“publication date” and “humans” our search identified 49 of these 56 articles.

The remaining 7 articles were all from the review by van Rijn et al. (2014) and all had unemployment

as the outcome. In our review, we only include unemployment if unemployment is followed by

permanent withdrawal from the labour market (e.g., if an individual moves directly from

unemployment to retirement). All 7 articles studied unemployment without further examining

permanent withdrawal from the labour market, and consequently would not have been eligible for

our review. Thus, our search strategy identified all relevant articles from the two previous reviews.

Appendiks 2. Udsnit af dataekstraktionstabel i litteraturgennemgangen.

Appendiks 3. Ekskluderede studier

Oversigt af de ekskluderede studier

Reference

År

Covidence

reference (#)

2003

Grund for

eksklusion

Wrong exposure

Kommentarer til

eksklusion

Determinanten i dette

studie er vocational

rehabilitaion program.

Allaire, S.H., Li, W., LaValley, M.P., 2003. Reduction #5824

of job loss in persons with rheumatic diseases

receiving vocational rehabilitation: a randomized

controlled trial. Arthritis and rheumatism 48, 3212–

8. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.11256

#5739

Arndt, V., Rothenbacher, D., Daniel, U.,

Zschenderlein, B., Schuberth, S., Brenner, H., 2005.

Construction work and risk of occupational

disability: a ten year follow up of 14,474 male

workers. Occupational and environmental medicine

62, 559–66.

https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2004.018135

Backstrom, P., Sandow, E., Westerlund, O., 2016. #14972

Commuting and timing of retirement. Ann. Reg. Sci.

56, 125–152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-015-

0723-8

Barra, L., Borchin, R.L., Burroughs, C., Casey, G.C., #6100

McAlear, C.A., Sreih, A.G., Young, K., Merkel, P.A.,

Pagnoux, C., 2018. Impact of vasculitis on

employment and income. Clinical and experimental

rheumatology 36 Suppl 111, 58–64.

Bengtsson, T., Nilsson, A., 2018. Smoking and early #14793

retirement due to chronic disability. Econ. Hum.

Biol. 29, 31–41.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2017.12.005

#10771

Berezne, A., Seror, R., Morell-Dubois, S., De

Menthon, M., Fois, E., Dzeing-Ella, A., Nguyen, C.,

Hachulla, E., Guillevin, L., Poiraudeau, S., Mouthon,

L., 2011. Impact of systemic sclerosis on

occupational and professional activity with

attention to patients with digital ulcers. Arthritis

Care and Research 63, 277–285.

https://doi.org/10.1002/acr.20342

Bergstrom, G., Hagberg, J., Busch, H., Jensen, I.,

Bjorklund, C., 2014. Prediction of sickness

#5996

2005

Wrong exposure

De sammenligner

jobgrupper, som deres

eksponering og ikke de

faktorer som vi leder

efter

2016

Wrong exposure

Forkert eksponering og

ikke brugbare

estimater

Cross-sectional

2018

Wrong study

design

2018

Wrong study

design

Forkert studiedesign

estimaterne er

tvivlsomt brugbare.

Der mangler followup.

Cross-sectional

2011

Wrong study

design

2014

Wrong exposure

Selvrapporteret

smerte

absenteeism, disability pension and sickness

presenteeism among employees with back pain.

Journal of occupational rehabilitation 24, 278–86.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10926-013-9454-9

Bendix, A.F., Bendix, T., Haestrup, C., 1998. Can it be #6026

predicted which patients with chronic low back pain

should be offered tertiary rehabilitation in a

functional restoration program? A search for

demographic, socioeconomic, and physical

predictors. Spine 23, 1775–83; discussion 1783.

Brenner, H., Ahern, W., 2000. Sickness absence and #5357

early retirement on health grounds in the

construction industry in Ireland. Occupational and

environmental medicine 57, 615–20.

Callhoff, J., Albrecht, K., Schett, G., Zink, A.,

Westhoff, G., 2015. Depression is a stronger

predictor of the risk to consider work disability in

early arthritis than disease activity or response to

therapy. RMD Open 1, 5.

https://doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2014-000020

#14875

1998

Wrong study

population

Populationen er ikke i

arbejde ved baseline

2000

No eligible

estimates

Ingen brugbare

estimater

2015

Wrong outcome

Desire to retire som

udfald

#5272

Canivet, C., Staland-Nyman, C., Lindeberg, S.I.,

Karasek, R., Moghaddassi, M., Ostergren, P.O.,

2014. Insomnia symptoms, sleep duration, and

disability pensions: a prospective study of Swedish

workers. International journal of behavioral

medicine 21, 319–28.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-013-9315-0

#10323

Chen, L., Glimelius, I., Neovius, M., Eloranta, S.,

Ekberg, S., Martling, A., Smedby, K.E., 2015. Risk of

disability pension in patients following rectal cancer

treatment and surgery. The British journal of

surgery 102, 1426–1432.

https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.9885

#10579

Dalton, S.O., Schuz, J., Engholm, G., Johansen, C.,

Kjaer, S.K., Steding-Jessen, M., Storm, H.H., Olsen,

J.H., 2008. Social inequality in incidence of and

survival from cancer in a population-based study in

Denmark, 1994-2003: Summary of findings.

European Journal of Cancer 44, 2074–2085.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2008.06.018

de Boer, A., Geuskens, G.A., Bultmann, U., Boot,

C.R.L., Wind, H., Koppes, L.L.J., Frings-Dresen,

#14339

2014

Wrong exposure

Det er

symptomer på

insomina og ikke

insomnia

2015

Wrong study

design

2008

Wrong study

design

2018

Wrong outcome

De slår

unemployment,

M.H.W., 2018. Employment status transitions in

employees with and without chronic disease in the

Netherlands. Int. J. Public Health 63, 713–722.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-018-1120-8

Dong, L., Agnew, J., Mojtabai, R., Surkan, P.J., Spira, #5044

A.P., 2017. Insomnia as a predictor of job exit

among middle-aged and older adults: results from

the Health and Retirement Study. Journal of

epidemiology and community health 71, 750–757.

https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2016-208630

Elfving, P., Puolakka, K., Rantalaiho, V., Kautiainen, #4586

H., Virta, L.J., Kaipiainen-Seppanen, O., 2018.

Impact of early systemic lupus erythematosus on

work disability-results from the Finnish nationwide

1413–1416. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-018-

4066-6

Ervasti, J., Mattila-Holappa, P., Joensuu, M., Pentti, #4543

J., Lallukka, T., Kivimaki, M., Vahtera, J., Virtanen,

M., 2017. Predictors of Depression and

Musculoskeletal Disorder Related Work Disability

Among Young, Middle-Aged, and Aging Employees.

Journal of occupational and environmental

medicine 59, 114–119.

https://doi.org/10.1097/jom.0000000000000921

#4537

Ervasti, J., Virtanen, M., Pentti, J., Lallukka, T.,

Tinghog, P., Kjeldgard, L., Mittendorfer-Rutz, E.,

Alexanderson, K., 2015. Work disability before and

after diabetes diagnosis: a nationwide population-

based register study in Sweden. American journal of

public health 105, e22–9.

https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2015.302646

#4734

Friberg, E., Jansson, C., Mittendorfer-Rutz, E.,

Rosenhall, U., Alexanderson, K., 2012. Sickness

absence due to otoaudiological diagnoses and risk

of disability pension: a nationwide Swedish

prospective cohort study. PloS one 7, e29966.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029966

Friberg, E., Rosenhall, U., Alexanderson, K., 2014. #4733

Sickness absence and disability pension due to

otoaudiological diagnoses: risk of premature death-

-a nationwide prospective cohort study. BMC public

2017

Wrong outcome

disability pension og

early pension sammen

analyserne

De slår retired,

unemployed, disabled

and other sammen i

analyserne

2018

Wrong outcome

De slår sick leave over

10+ days, temporary,

part-time and

permanent work

disability pensions

sammen i outcome

De slår sickness

absence og work

disability pension

sammen I analyserne

2017

Wrong outcome

2015

Wrong outcome

Nævner noget med

work disability days

2012

Wrong comparator

Reference gruppe er

på sick leave

2014

Wrong exposure

Disability pension +

sick leave

health 14, 137. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-

14-137

#4723

Friis, K., Ekholm, O., Hundrup, Y.A., Obel, E.B.,

Gronbaek, M., 2007. Influence of health, lifestyle,

working conditions, and sociodemography on early

retirement among nurses: the Danish Nurse Cohort

Study. Scandinavian journal of public health 35, 23–

30. https://doi.org/10.1080/14034940600777278

Gariepy, G., Wang, J., Lesage, A., Schmitz, N., 2011. #19108

Obesity and the risk of disability in a 12-year cohort

study: The role of psychological distress. Social

Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 46, 1173–

1179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-010-0284-1

Gjesdal, S., Haug, K., Ringdal, P.R., Vollset, S.E.,

Maeland, J.G., 2005. [Risk of disability pension

among young persons on long-term sick leave].

Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift

for praktisk medicin, ny raekke 125, 1801–5.

#4269

2007

Wrong outcome

PEW som udfald er

ikke det same som

disability pension

2011

Wrong outcome

2005

Wrong study

design

Gustafsson, K., Aronsson, G., Marklund, S., Wikman, #4094

A., Floderus, B., 2014a. Peripheral labour market

position and risk of disability pension: a prospective

population-based study. BMJ open 4, e005230.

https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005230

Hakola, R., Kauppi, P., Leino, T., Ojajarvi, A., Pentti, #4063

J., Oksanen, T., Haahtela, T., Kivimaki, M., Vahtera,

J., 2011. Persistent asthma, comorbid conditions

and the risk of work disability: a prospective cohort

study. Allergy 66, 1598–603.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02729.x

#4023

Hannerz, H., Spangenberg, S., Tuchsen, F.,

Albertsen, K., 2005. Disability retirement among

former employees at the construction of the Great

Belt Link. Public health 119, 301–4.

Hernaes, U.J., Andersen, J.R., Norheim, O.F., Vage, #3856

V., 2015. Work participation among the morbidly

obese seeking bariatric surgery: an exploratory

study from Norway. Obesity surgery 25, 271–8.

Hintsa, T., Kouvonen, A., McCann, M., Jokela, M., #3827

Elovainio, M., Demakakos, P., 2015. Higher effort-

reward imbalance and lower job control predict exit

from the labour market at the age of 61 years or

younger: evidence from the English Longitudinal

2014

Wrong exposure

2011

Wrong outcome

De lægger disability

pension og all-cause

long-term sickness

absences >90 days

sammen

2005

Wrong exposure

2015

Wrong study

design

Cross-sectional study

design

2015

Wrong outcome

Udfaldet er

kombineret og ikke

disability pension

alene.

Study of Ageing. Journal of epidemiology and

community health 69, 543–9.

#3786

Holma, I.A., Holma, K.M., Melartin, T.K., Rytsala,

H.J., Isometsa, E.T., 2012. A 5-year prospective

study of predictors for disability pension among

patients with major depressive disorder. Acta

psychiatrica Scandinavica 125, 325–34.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01785.x

#3784

Holmberg, S.A., Thelin, A.G., 2006. Primary care

consultation, hospital admission, sick leave and

disability pension owing to neck and low back pain:

a 12-year prospective cohort study in a rural

population. BMC musculoskeletal disorders 7, 66.

https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-7-66

Houston, D.K., Cai, J., Stevens, J., 2009. Overweight #3739

and obesity in young and middle age and early

retirement: the ARIC study. Obesity (Silver Spring,

Md.) 17, 143–9.

https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2008.464

Hubertsson, J., Petersson, I.F., Thorstensson, C.A., #3722

Englund, M., 2013. Risk of sick leave and disability

pension in working-age women and men with knee

osteoarthritis. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 72,

401–5. https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-

201472

#3655

Jarvholm, B., Burdorf, A., 2017. Effect of reduced

use of organic solvents on disability pension in

painters. Occupational and environmental medicine

74, 827–829.

#3471

Kang, Y.J., Kang, M.Y., 2016. Chronic Diseases,

Health Behaviors, and Demographic Characteristics

as Predictors of Ill Health Retirement: Findings from

the Korea Health Panel Survey (2008-2012). PloS

one 11, e0166921.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166921

Korkeila, J., Oksanen, T., Virtanen, M., Salo, P., Nabi, #3100

H., Pentti, J., Vahtera, J., Kivimaki, M., 2011. Early

retirement from work among employees with a

diagnosis of personality disorder compared to

anxiety and depressive disorders. European

psychiatry : the journal of the Association of

2012

No eligible

estimates

Estimaterne er ikke

brugbare

2006

No eligible

estimates

Estimaterne er ikke

brugbare

2009

Wrong outcome

Estimaterne er ikke

brugbare og udfaldet

måler ikke disability

pension

Cross-sectional study

2013

Wrong study

design

2017

No eligible

estimates

Estimaterne er ikke

brugbare

2016

Wrong outcome

De lægger DP udfald

sammen med

mortality udfald

2011

Wrong outcome

De differentierer ikke

på udfald

European Psychiatrists 26, 18–22.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2009.12.022

Kruse, M., Sorensen, J., Davidsen, M., Gyrd-Hansen, #3048

D., 2009. Short and long-term labour market

consequences of coronary heart disease: a register-

based followup study. European journal of

cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation :

official journal of the European Society of

Cardiology, Working Groups on Epidemiology &

Prevention and Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise

Physiology 16, 387–91.

Lahelma, E., Pietilainen, O., Rahkonen, O., Lallukka, #3040

T., 2015. Common mental disorders and cause-

specific disability retirement. Occupational and

environmental medicine 72, 181–7.

https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2014-102432

#2777

Lund, T., Csonka, A., 2003. Risk factors in health,

work environment, smoking status, and

organizational context for work disability. American

journal of industrial medicine 44, 492–501.

https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.10298

#2776

Lund, T., Iversen, L., Poulsen, K.B., 2001. Work

environment factors, health, lifestyle and marital

status as predictors of job change and early

retirement in physically heavy occupations.

American journal of industrial medicine 40, 161–9.

Lund, T., Villadsen, E., 2005. Who retires early and #18237

why? Determinants of early retirement pension

among Danish employees 57-62 years. European

Journal of Ageing 2, 275–280.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-005-0013-x

#2676

Mandel, M.D., Balint, A., Lovasz, B.D., Gulacsi, L.,

Strbak, B., Golovics, P.A., Farkas, K., Kurti, Z.,

Szilagyi, B.K., Mohas, A., Molnar, T., Lakatos, P.L.,

2014. Work disability and productivity loss in

patients with inflammatory bowel diseases in

Hungary in the era of biologics. The European

journal of health economics : HEPAC : health

economics in prevention and care 15 Suppl 1, S121–

Mein, G., Martikainen, P., Stansfeld, S.A., Brunner, #2429

E.J., Fuhrer, R., Marmot, M.G., 2000. Predictors of

2009

Wrong outcome

De definerer ikke

deres udfald

2015

Wrong exposure

Der er brugt GHQ-12

skala og det er

sværhedsgraden af

disse 12 items som er

determinaten

De differentierer ikke

på udfald

2003

Wrong outcome

2001

Wrong outcome

De differentierer ikke

på udfald

2005

Wrong outcome

Frivillig

tilbagetrækning

2014

Wrong study design Økonomisk: Activity

loss mm.

2000

Wrong outcome

early retirement in British civil servants. Age and

ageing 29, 529–36.

Nexo, M.A., Watt, T., Pedersen, J., Bonnema, S.J., #1903

Hegedus, L., Rasmussen, A.K., Feldt-Rasmussen, U.,

Bjorner, J.B., 2014. Increased risk of long-term

sickness absence, lower rate of return to work, and

higher risk of unemployment and disability

pensioning for thyroid patients: a Danish register-

based cohort study. The Journal of clinical

endocrinology and metabolism 99, 3184–92.

Nielsen, F.E., Sorensen, H.T., Skagen, K., 2004. A

prospective study found impaired left ventricular

function predicted job retirement after acute

myocardial infarction. Journal of clinical

epidemiology 57, 837–42.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2003.12.022

Osler, M., Martensson, S., Prescott, E., Carlsen, K.,

2014. Impact of gender, co-morbidity and social

factors on labour market affiliation after first

admission for acute coronary syndrome. A cohort

study of Danish patients 2001-2009. PloS one 9,

e86758.

#1880

2014

Wrong study

population

De eksaminerer mere

trinene fra en

overgang til en anden.

2004

Wrong outcome

De differentierer ikke

på udfald

#2333

2014

Wrong outcome

De differentierer ikke

på udfald

#2611

Pietikainen, S., Silventoinen, K., Svedberg, P.,

Alexanderson, K., Huunan-Seppala, A., Koskenvuo,

K., Koskenvuo, M., Kaprio, J., Ropponen, A., 2011.

Health-related and sociodemographic risk factors

for disability pension due to low back disorders: a

30-year prospective Finnish Twin Cohort Study.

Journal of occupational and environmental

medicine 53, 488–96.

https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e31821576dd

Polvinen, A., Gould, R., Lahelma, E., Martikainen, P., #2153

2013. Socioeconomic differences in disability

retirement in Finland: the contribution of ill-health,

health behaviours and working conditions.

Scandinavian journal of public health 41, 470–8.

https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494813482400

Riihimaki, K., Vuorilehto, M., Isometsa, E., 2015. A #1630

5-year prospective study of predictors for functional

and work disability among primary care patients

with depressive disorders. European psychiatry :

the journal of the Association of European

2011

Wrong comparator

Exclude - wrong

comparison group. De

har slået DP other

reason sammen med

ikke DP, og

sammenligner den

gruppe med DP due to

LBP.

2013

Wrong exposure

2015

Wrong outcome

Psychiatrists 30, 51–7.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.02.005

Ropponen, A., Alexanderson, K., Svedberg, P.,

2014a. Part-time work or social benefits as

predictors for disability pension: a prospective

study of Swedish twins. International journal of

behavioral medicine 21, 329–36.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-013-9303-4

#1526

2014

Wrong exposure

Rudolph, K.E., Eaton, W.W., 2016. Previous anxiety #1505

and depression as risk factors for early labour force

exit. Journal of epidemiology and community health

70, 390–5. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2015-

206202

#1120

Sidorchuk, A., Hemmingsson, T., Romelsjo, A.,

Allebeck, P., 2012b. Alcohol use in adolescence and

risk of disability pension: a 39 year followup of a

population-based conscription survey. Eur. J. Public

Health 22, 118–118.

Soteriades, E.S., Hauser, R., Kawachi, I., Christiani,

D.C., Kales, S.N., 2008. Obesity and risk of job

disability in male firefighters. Occupational

Medicine 58, 245–250.

#16474

2016

Wrong outcome

2012

Dublet for #11799

2008

Wrong outcome

#823

Suoyrjo, H., Oksanen, T., Hinkka, K., Pentti, J.,

Kivimaki, M., Klaukka, T., Vahtera, J., 2009. A

comparison of two multidisciplinary inpatient

rehabilitation programmes for fibromyalgia: a

rehabilitation medicine 41, 66–72.

https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-0278

van Solinge, H., Henkens, K., 2007. Involuntary

retirement: The role of restrictive circumstances,

timing, and social embeddedness. Journals of

Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and

Social Sciences 62, S295–S303.

https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/62.5.S295

#11768

2009

Wrong exposure

2007

Wrong exposure

Exclude - wrong study

design, exposure,

study population

Virtanen, M., Kivimaki, M., Zins, M., Dray-Spira, R., #350

Oksanen, T., Ferrie, J.E., Okuloff, A., Pentti, J., Head,

J., Goldberg, M., Vahtera, J., 2015. Lifestyle-related

risk factors and trajectories of work disability over 5

years in employees with diabetes: findings from two

prospective cohort studies. Diabetic

medicine : a

2015

Wrong exposure

Selvrapporteret og

udfald er sygedage

journal of the British Diabetic Association 32, 1335–

41. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.12787

Sivertsen, B.; Overland, S.; Neckelmann, D.; Glozier, #1044

N.; Krokstad, S.; Pallesen, S.; Nordhus, I. H.;

Bjorvatn, B.; Mykletun, A. The long-term effect of

insomnia on work disability: the HUNT-2 historical

cohort study

Sharif, B.; Garner, R.; Sanmartin, C.; Flanagan, W. #1184

M.; Hennessy, D.; Marshall, D. A.Risk of work loss

due to illness or disability in patients with

osteoarthritis: a population-based cohort study

Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 2016;55(5):861-8

2016

Herquelot, E.; Gueguen, A.; Bonenfant, S.; Dray-

Spira, R.Impact of diabetes mellitus on work

cessation in the gazel cohort study.Diabetes

2010;(): 2010

#9166

2006

Wrong exposure

Selvrapporteret

insomnia og

spørgerskema ikke

validerede

Vi ved ikke om det er

permanent kun work

loss i en periode. De

har ikke stratifiseret på

illnes/disability

Diabetes er selv

rapporteret

2016

Wrong outcome

2010

Wrong exposure

Schmidt, C., Bernert, S., Spyra, K., 2014. [Concerning #1288

the impact of psychological comorbidity for chronic

back pain: frequency, reduced earning capacity

pension and rehabilitation aftercare in the course of

the rehabilitation cohorts 2002-2009]. Die

Rehabilitation 53, 384–9. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-

0034-1394449

Damkjaer, L.H., Deltour, I., Suppli, N.P., Christensen, #4670

J., Kroman, N.T., Johansen, C., Dalton, S.O., 2011.

Breast cancer and early retirement: Associations

with disease characteristics, treatment,

comorbidity, social position and participation in a

six-day rehabilitation course in a register-based

study in Denmark. Acta oncologica (Stockholm,

Sweden) 50, 274–81.

https://doi.org/10.3109/0284186x.2010.531048

Charlotte Chruzander a,b, Petter Tinghög c,d,

Charlotte Ytterberg a,b, LottaWidén Holmqvist

a,b,e,

Kristina Alexanderson c, Jan Hillert e, Sverker

Johansson a,b,⁎

2016

Ropponen, A., Korhonen, T., Svedberg, P.,

Koskenvuo, M., Silventoinen, K., Kaprio, J., 2013a.

#1525

#4903

2014

Wrong study

population

2011

Wrong exposure

Målte

depression ved

antidepressiv

behandling

2016

Wrong exposure

Målte disease severity

for ultipel sclerose,

ingen rask

sammenligningsgrupp

2013

Duplicate manuel

Er ekskluderet, da der i

vores

Persistent smoking as a predictor of disability

pension due to musculoskeletal diagnoses: a 23

year prospective study of Finnish twins. Preventive

medicine 57, 889–93.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.10.001

litteraturgennemgang

også er multikohorte

studier, som vi

prioriterer over

enkelte kohorte

studier. De er kun

blevet ekskluderet hvis

ikke de bidrog med

andre estimater i

andre analyser, hvor

multikortestudiernes

estimater ikke var

præsenteret.

#3038

2016

Duplicate manuel

Er ekskluderet, da der i

vores

litteraturgennemgang

også er multikohorte

studier, som vi

prioriterer over

enkelte kohorte

studier. De er kun

blevet ekskluderet hvis

ikke de bidrog med

andre estimater i

andre analyser, hvor

multikortestudiernes

estimater ikke var

præsenteret.

Er ekskluderet, da der i

vores

litteraturgennemgang

også er multikohorte

studier, som vi

prioriterer over

enkelte kohorte

studier. De er kun

blevet ekskluderet hvis

ikke de bidrog med

andre estimater i

andre analyser, hvor

multikortestudiernes

estimater ikke var

præsenteret.

Er ekskluderet, da der i

vores

Lahti, J., Holstila, A., Manty, M., Lahelma, E.,

Rahkonen, O., 2016. Changes in leisure time

physical activity and subsequent disability

retirement: A register-linked cohort study. The

international journal of behavioral nutrition and

physical activity 13, 99.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-016-0426-2

#3094

Koskenvuo, K., Broms, U., Korhonen, T., Laitinen,

L.A., Huunan-Seppala, A., Keistinen, T., Autti-Ramo,

I., Kaprio, J., Koskenvuo, M., 2011. Smoking strongly

predicts disability retirement due to COPD: the

Finnish Twin Cohort Study. The European

respiratory journal 37, 26–31.

https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00008910

2011

Duplicate manuel

Karnehed, N., Rasmussen, F., Kark, M., 2007.

Obesity in young adulthood and later disability

#3444

2007

Duplicate manuel

pension: a population-based cohort study of

366,929 Swedish men. Scandinavian journal of

public health 35, 48–54.

https://doi.org/10.1080/14034940600858524

litteraturgennemgang

også er multikohorte

studier, som vi

prioriterer over

enkelte kohorte

studier. De er kun

blevet ekskluderet hvis

ikke de bidrog med

andre estimater i

andre analyser, hvor

multikortestudiernes

estimater ikke var

præsenteret.

2010

Duplicate manuel

Er ekskluderet, da der i

vores

litteraturgennemgang

også er multikohorte

studier, som vi

prioriterer over

enkelte kohorte

studier. De er kun

blevet ekskluderet hvis

ikke de bidrog med

andre estimater i

andre analyser, hvor

multikortestudiernes

estimater ikke var

præsenteret.

Er ekskluderet, da der i

vores

litteraturgennemgang

også er multikohorte

studier, som vi

prioriterer over

enkelte kohorte

studier. De er kun

blevet ekskluderet hvis

ikke de bidrog med

andre estimater i

andre analyser, hvor

multikortestudiernes

estimater ikke var

præsenteret.

Er ekskluderet, da der i

vores

Kark, M., Neovius, M., Rasmussen, F., 2010. Obesity #3454

status and risk of disability pension due to

psychiatric disorders. International journal of

obesity (2005) 34, 726–32.

https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2009.298

Kark, M., Karnehed, N., Rasmussen, F., 2007. Blood #3455

pressure in young adulthood and later disability

pension. A population-based study on 867 672 men

from Sweden. Blood pressure 16, 362–6.

https://doi.org/10.1080/08037050701538113

2007

Duplicate manuel

Fimland, M.S., Vie, G., Johnsen, R., Nilsen, T.I.,

Krokstad, S., Bjorngaard, J.H., 2015. Leisure-time

#4426

2015

Duplicate manuel

physical activity and disability pension: 9 years

follow-up of the HUNT Study, Norway. Scandinavian

journal of medicine & science in sports 25, e558–65.

litteraturgennemgang

også er multikohorte

studier, som vi

prioriterer over

enkelte kohorte

studier. De er kun

blevet ekskluderet hvis

ikke de bidrog med

andre estimater i

andre analyser, hvor

multikortestudiernes

estimater ikke var

præsenteret.

2016

Duplicate manuel

Er ekskluderet, da der i

vores

litteraturgennemgang

også er multikohorte

studier, som vi

prioriterer over

enkelte kohorte

studier. De er kun

blevet ekskluderet hvis

ikke de bidrog med

andre estimater i

andre analyser, hvor

multikortestudiernes

estimater ikke var

præsenteret.

Er ekskluderet, da der i

vores

litteraturgennemgang

også er multikohorte

studier, som vi

prioriterer over

enkelte kohorte

studier. De er kun

blevet ekskluderet hvis

ikke de bidrog med

andre estimater i

andre analyser, hvor

multikortestudiernes

estimater ikke var

præsenteret.

Er ekskluderet, da der i

vores

#5036

Dorner, T.E., Alexanderson, K., Svedberg, P.,

Tinghog, P., Ropponen, A., Mittendorfer-Rutz, E.,

2016. Synergistic effect between back pain and

common mental disorders and the risk of future

disability pension: a nationwide study from Sweden.

Psychological medicine 46, 425–36.

https://doi.org/10.1017/s003329171500197x

Bockerman, P., Maczulskij, T., 2018. Unfit for work: #5477

Health and labour-market prospects. Scandinavian

journal of public health 46, 7–17.

https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494817720871

2018

Duplicate manuel

Neovius, M.; Kark, M.; Rasmussen, F.

Association between obesity status in young

#7867

2008

Duplicate

adulthood and disability pension

International Journal of Obesity 2008;32(8):1319-

1326 2008

litteraturgennemgang

også er multikohorte

studier, som vi

prioriterer over

enkelte kohorte

studier. De er kun

blevet ekskluderet hvis

ikke de bidrog med

andre estimater i

andre analyser, hvor

multikortestudiernes

estimater ikke var

præsenteret.

2014

Duplicate

Gengangere af de

samme

kohorter

#1515

Ropponen, A., Svedberg, P., Koskenvuo, M.,

Silventoinen, K., Kaprio, J., 2014b. Physical work

load and psychological stress of daily activities as

predictors of disability pension due to

musculoskeletal disorders. Scandinavian journal of

public health 42, 370–6.

https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494814525005

#3056

Krokstad, S., Johnsen, R., Westin, S., 2002. Social

determinants of disability pension: a 10-year follow-

up of 62 000 people in a Norwegian county

population. International journal of epidemiology

31, 1183–91.

Virtanen, M.; Lallukka, T.; Ervasti, J.; Rahkonen, O.; #349 a

Lahelma, E.; Pentti, J.; Pietilainen, O.; Vahtera, J.;

Kivimaki, M.

#3720

Hublin, C., Partinen, M., Koskenvuo, K.,

Silventoinen, K., Koskenvuo, M., Kaprio, J., 2010.

Shift-work and cardiovascular disease: a population-

based 22-year follow-up study. European journal of

epidemiology 25, 315–23.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-010-9439-3

Kouwenhoven-Pasmooij, T.A., Burdorf, A., Roos-

Hesselink, J.W., Hunink, M.G.M., Robroek, S.J.W.,

2016. Cardiovascular disease, diabetes and early

exit from paid employment in Europe; The impact

of work-related factors. International Journal of

Cardiology 215, 332–337.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.04.090

#8705

2002

Duplicate

Gengangere af de

samme

kohorter

2017

Duplicate

Gengangere af de

samme

kohorter

2010

Duplicate

Gengangere af de

samme

kohorter

2016

Duplicate

Gengangere af de

samme

kohorter

Bockerman, P., Hyytinen, A., Maczulskij, T., 2016.

Devil in disguise: Does drinking lead to a disability

pension? Preventive medicine 86, 130–5.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.03.008

#5479

2016

Duplicate

Gengangere af de

samme

kohorter

Appendiks 4. Studiekarakteristik af de inkluderede studier

Reference (First

author, year) and

Covidence

reference (#)

Airaksinen (2017),

#15104

Population

Outcome

Domains

Factors

Quality

Finland,

n=65775, Public

sector

employees,

number of

females in %: 80,

age: 43.7

Alavinia (2009),

#5849

Biering-Sorensen

(1999), #5941

Ahola (2011),

#5875

The

Netherlands,

n=850,

Construction

workers,

Participants in a

voluntary

occupational

health

examination,

number of

females in %: 0,

age: 48.4

Denmark, n=892

Random sample,

number of

females in %:

50.4, age: 28-59

Finland, n=3164,

Random sample,

number of

females in %:

50.7, age: 30-58

Disability

pension, The

Finnish Public

Sector study

(FPS) and the

Health and

Social Support

(HeSSup) study,

Cases: 5332

Disability

pension, Self

reported, Cases:

Psychosocial

work

environment.

Health

behavior.

Relational justice. Procedural justice.

Participatory safety. Support for

innovation. Vision. Task orientation.

Job strain. Effort-reward imbalance.

Shift work. Night shift.

Smoking. BMI.

Moderate

quality

(selection: 2,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Physical

work

demands.

Psychosocial

work

environment.

Often awkward postures. Often

kneeling and squatting. Often manual

material handling. Exposure to whole-

body vibration. Exposure to hand-arm

vibration. High job demands. Lack of

job control. Lack of skill discretion.

Low quality

(selection: 2,

comparability:

2, outcome: 0)

Disability

pension, Danish

national

Disability

pension, Finnish

Centre for

Pensions, Cases:

208

Health

behavior.

BMI. Physical activity. Smoking.

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

1, outcome: 2)

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Arvilommi (2015),

#5725

Finland, n=151,

Psychiatric

inpatients and

outpatients with

DSM-IV bipolar I

disorder and

bipolar II

disorder,

number of

females in %:

52.3, age: 35.5

Disability

pension,

Interviews,

patient records,

and registers of

the Social

Insurance

Institution of

Finland and the

Finnish Centre

for Pensions,

Cases: 38

Physical

work

demands.

Psychosocial

work

environment.

Health

behavior.

Mental

health

problems.

Mental

health

problems.

Physical strain. Weekly hours. Team

climate. Job insecurity. Job strain.

Daily smoking. BMI. Physical activity.

Frequency of alcohol consumption.

Any Mental disorder.

Moderate

quality

(selection: 2,

comparability:

1, outcome: 2)

Carlsen (2008),

#5258

Denmark,

n=236993,

Random sample,

number of

females in %:

70.3, age: 30-60

Clausen (2014),

Denmark,

#5384

n=40554,

Random sample,

number of

females in %: 78,

age: 42

Christensen (2008), Denmark,

#4910

n=8298,

Random sample,

number of

females in %:

49.3, age: 18-59

Canivet (2013),

Sweden,

#5273

n=6540,

Random samle,

number of

females in %:

51.4, age: 45-65

Bultmann (2008),

Denmark,

#5672

n=5106,

Random sample,

number of

females in %: 48,

age: 18-59

Brenner (2014),

Sweden,

#10668

n=4750, MS-

patients without

DP, number of

females in %:

70.8, age: 47

Ervasti (2016) b,

Sweden,

#4538

n=53402,

Diabetes + 1%

random sample

of population

without

diabetes,

number of

females in %: 47,

age: 43.8

Ervasti (2017),

Sweden,

#4539

n=20498,

IHD/stroke

patients +

Random sample,

number of

females in %:

Unknown, age:

25-60

Disability

pension, Danish

administrative

registers, Cases:

27300

Disability

pension,

DREAM, Cases:

929

Somatic

health

problems.

Mental

health

problems.

Psychosocial

work

environment.

Cancer: Leukemia, Ovary, Prostate.

Non-Hodgkins. Colorectum. Breast.

Kidney. Bladder. Cervix. Hodgkins.

Uterus. Melanoma. Testis. Depression.

Moderate

quality

(selection: 2,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

1, outcome: 3)

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

1, outcome: 3)

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Good quality

(selection: 4,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Psychosocial work conditions.

Quantitative demands. Work pace.

Influence at work. Quality of

leadership.

Disability

pension,

DREAM, Cases:

447

Psychosocial Psychosocial work environment

work

factors. Decision authority.

environment. Information. Variation in work.

Disability

pension,

Swedish Social

Insurance

Agency, Cases:

1124

Disability

pension,

DREAM, Cases:

111

Psychosocial Demands. Decision latitude. Low

work

strain. Passive. Active. High strain.

environment. Mixed.

Mental

health

problems.

Severe depressive symptoms.

Disability

pension,

Swedish Social

Insurance

Agency, Cases:

6525

Disability

pension,

Swedish Social

Insurance

Agency, Cases:

1876

Mental

health

problems.

Psychiatric diagnosis.

Somatic

health

problems.

Mental

health

problems.

Diabetes. Cardiovascular disaese.

Musculoskeletal disorder. Depression.

Other mental disorder.

Disability

pension ,

Swedish Social

Insurance

Agency, Cases:

3454

Somatic

health

problems.

Mental

health

problems.

Diabetes.

Mental disorder.

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Eaker (2011),

#4970

Sweden,

n=4762, Breast

Cancer +

Random sample,

number of

females in %:

100, age: 20-59

Fimland (2018),

Norway,

#4427

n=32362, People

from Nord-

Trøndelag,

number of

females in %:

Unknown, age:

20-65

Jorgensen (2017), Denmark,

#3578

n=17690,

Random sample,

number of

females in %: 47,

age: 18-60

Karkkainen (2013), Finland,

#3452

n=16028, Twins,

number of

females in %: 44,

age: 18-64

Disability

pension,

Swedish Social

Insurance

Agency, Cases:

1103

Disability

pension, The

National

Insurance

Administration

(NIA), Cases:

3837

Disability

pension,

DREAM, Cases:

1047

Somatic

health

problems.

Breast cancer.

Moderate

quality

(selection: 2,

comparability:

1, outcome: 3)

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Physical

work

demands.

Occupational physical activity.

Health

behavior.

Alcohol intake. Binge drinking.

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Dorner (2015),

#5037

Sweden,

n=4823069,

Random sample,

number of

females in %:

47.5, age: 16-64

Karkkainen (2017), Sweden,

#3451

n=27165,

Random sample,

number of

females in %: 51,

age: 41-64

Jensen (2012),

Denmark,

#9473

n=3332, Nurses'

aides, number of

females in %:

98.3, age: 41.9

Disability

pension, Social

Insurance

Institution &

Finnish Centre

for Pensions,

Cases: 1297

Disability

pension,

Swedish Social

Insurance

Agency, Cases:

81994

Disability

pension,

Swedish Social

Insurance

Agency, Cases:

1338

Disability

pension,

DREAM, Cases:

540

Physical

work

demands.

Psychosocial

work

environment.

Somatic

health

problems.

Mental

health

problems.

Psychosocial

work

environment.

Out- or indoor work. Work type (MSD).

Nature of work monotonous (MSD).

Nature of work monotonous (OA).

Physical work loading. Stress of daily

activities.

Back pain (BP). Musculoskeletal

disorder excluding BP. Depressive

episode (DE). Mental disorder

excluding DE.

Good quality

(selection: 4,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Moderate

quality

(selection: 2,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Night work.

Labriola (2009) a,

#3486

Denmark,

n=8475,

Random sample,

number of

females in %:

48.6, age: 18-59

Disability

pension,

DREAM, Cases:

453

Physical

work

demands.

Psychosocial

work

environment.

Health

behavior.

Psychosocial

work

environment.

Heaviness of care duties. RPE (range 0-

14). Work hours. Decision latitude.

Demand. Current smoking. BMI.

Physical activity.

Job satisfaction.

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

1, outcome: 3)

Labriola (2009) b,

#3485

Lahelma (2012),

#3041

Denmark,

n=8289,

Random sample,

number of

females in %:

49.3, age: 18-59

Finland, n=6525,

Random sample,

number of

females in %:

78.5, age: 40-60

Disability

pension,

DREAM, Cases:

446

Physical

work

demands.

Physically demanding work. Working

with hands lifted. Squatting and

kneeling. Monotonous work.

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

1, outcome: 3)

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Moderate

quality

(selection: 2,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Good quality

(selection: 4,

comparability:

1, outcome: 3)

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Disability

pension, Finnish

Centre for

Pensions, Cases:

525

Disability

pension, Finnish

Centre for

Pensions, Cases:

976

Disability

pension, Finnish

Centre for

Pensions, Cases:

435

Disability

pension,

DREAM, Cases:

446

Finland,

n=41862,

Random sample,

number of

females in %: 80,

age: Unknown

Lahti (2013), #3036 Finland, n=6275,

Employees of

the City of

Helsinki, number

of females in %:

78.4, age: 40-60

Lund (2010), #8273 Denmark,

n=8287,

Random sample,

number of

females in %:

49.3, age: 18-59

Nielsen (2017) a,

Norway,

#1879

n=12303,

Random sample,

number of

females in %:

55.6, age: 18-62

Juvani (2018),

#9405

Physical

work

demands.

Psychosocial

work

environment.

Psychosocial

work

environment.

Physical working conditions. Work

arrangements. Psychosocial work

conditions.

Job strain. Effort-reward imbalance.

Injustice

Health

behavior.

Physical activity.

Health

behavior.

Smoking. BMI.

Niederkrotenthaler Sweden,

(2016), #1884

n=5649, Suicide

attempts,

number of

females in %:

63.1, age: 16-30

Pérez-Vigil (2018), Sweden,

#16958

n=173443, OCD

patients and

people without,

number of

females in %:

58.1 (patients),

57.9 (general

population),

age: 16-64

Disability

pension, The

Norwegian

Labor and

Welfare

Administration

(NAV), Cases:

553

Disability

pension,

Swedish Social

Insurance

Agency, Cases:

1461

Disability

pension,

Swedish Social

Insurance

Agency, Cases:

4878

Psychosocial Workplace bullying. Decision

work

demands. Quantitative demands. Lack

environment. of control over work place. Lack of

control over decisions.

Mental

health

problems.

Mental

health

problems.

Schizophrenia. Affective disorders.

Substance abuse. Neurotic,

somatoform and stress-related

disorders. Organic or retardation.

Developmental disorders. Personality

disorders. No previous inpatient care.

OCD.

Moderate

quality

(selection: 2,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Good quality

(selection: 4,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Neovius (2010),

#1921

Disability

pension,

Swedish Social

Insurance

Agency, Cases:

4631

Norrback (2018),

Sweden,

Disability

#1805

n=50015,

pension,

Random sample, Swedish Social

number of

Insurance

females in %: 49, Agency, Cases:

age: 19-64

2296

Overland (2008),

Norway,

Disability

#2314

n=37302,

pension, The

Random sample, National

number of

Insurance

females in %:

Administration

53.4, age: 20-66 (NIA), Cases: 909

Laine (2009),

Finland,

Disability

#3033

n=25150, Public pension, Self

sector

reported, Cases:

employees,

number of

females in %: 81,

age: 40.2

Lee (2018), #12993 Korea, n=2708,

Early retirement,

Random sample, Self reported,

number of

Cases: 124

females in %:

32.1, age: 54.44

Mansson (1999),

Sweden,

Disability

#2572

n=3751, Men,

pension,

number of

Swedish Social

females in %: 0, Insurance

age: 48.1

Agency, Cases:

498

Mantyniemi

Finland,

Disability

(2012), #2568

n=69842,

pension, Finnish

Random sample, Centre for

number of

Pensions, Cases:

females in %:

2572

76.2, age: 44.3

Haukenes (2013), Norway,

Disability

#3933

n=16422,

pension,

Random sample, National register

number of

of health

females in %:

insurance,

51.7, age: 40-46 Cases: 488

Markkula (2017),

Finland, n=275, Disability

#2545

Random sample, pension, Self

number of

reported, Cases:

females in %:

66.5, age: 44

Sweden,

n=45920, Men,

number of

females in %: 0,

age: 18.7

Health

behavior.

Obesity status. Smoking status.

Good quality

(selection: 4,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Good quality

(selection: 4,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Good quality

(selection: 4,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Moderate

quality

(selection: 2,

comparability:

2, outcome: 2)

Low quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 1)

Low quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

0, outcome: 3)

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

1, outcome: 3)

Good quality

(selection: 4,

comparability:

2, outcome: 2)

Health

behavior.

Weight status and mobility disability.

Mental

health

problems.

Insomnia. Depression.

Psychosocial Job demands. Job control. Job strain.

work

environment.

Health

behavior.

Alcohol consumption. Exercise.

Obesity or underweight. Smoking

history.

Health

behavior.

Alcohol consumption.

Psychosocial Job strain.

work

environment.

Health

behavior.

Smoking status.

Psychosocial Karasek job demand. Karasek job

work

control.

environment.

Lallukka (2015),

#3016

Mittendorfer-Rutz

(2018), #8504

Robroek (2013),

#1571

Finland, n=6390,

Employees of

the City of

Helsinki, number

of females in %:

78.5, age: 49.4

Sweden,

n=4823069,

Random sample,

number of

females in %:

48.5, age: 16-64

Europe, n=4923,

Random sample,

number of

females in %: 44,

age: 55.2

Disability

pension, Finnish

Centre for

Pensions, Cases:

608

Health

behavior.

Smoking and physical activity.

Moderate

quality

(selection: 2,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Good quality

(selection: 4,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Low quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 1)

Rabiee (2015),

#1748

Nielsen (2017) b,

#1878

Robroek (2015),

#1572

Disability

pension,

Swedish Social

Insurance

Agency, Cases:

81994

Disability

pension,

Longitudinal

Survey of

Health, Ageing,

and Retirement

in Europe

(SHARE), Cases:

Sweden,

Disability

n=45375,

pension,

Random sample, Swedish Social

number of

Insurance

females in %: 0, Agency and LISA

age: 20-59

database, Cases:

5707

Norway,

Disability

n=14501,

retirement, The

Random sample, Norwegian

number of

Labor and

females in %:

Welfare

55.7, age: 42.8

Administration

(NAV), Cases:

553

Netherlands,

Disability

n=14708,

benefits, Dutch

Random sample, tax register,

number of

Cases: 388

females in %:

41.2, age: 39

Somatic

health

problems.

Mental

health

problems.

Physical

work

demands.

Psychosocial

work

environment.

Health

behavior.

Health

behavior.

IHD.

Physically demanding job. High time

pressure. Low job control. Low

rewards. BMI. Smoking. Lack of

physical activity. Excessive alcohol

intake.

Cardiorespiratory fitness.

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Psychosocial Human resource primacy.

work

environment.

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

1, outcome: 3)

Sweden,

n=364171,

People with

sleep apnea,

number of

females in %:

26.1, age: 46

Roos (2013), #1528 Finland, n=6542,

Employees of

the City of

Helsinki, number

of females in %:

Rod (2017), #1565

Disability

pension,

Swedish Social

Insurance

Agency, Cases:

14530

Disability

pension, Finnish

Centre for

Pensions, Cases:

Unknown

Physical

work

demands.

Psychosocial

work

environment.

Health

behavior.

Somatic

health

problems.

Physically demanding work. Job

demands. Lifestyle-related factors.

Smoking. Heavy alcohol intake. How

many hours per week doing sports.

BMI.

Low quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 1)

Sleep apnea.

Moderate

quality

(selection: 2,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Moderate

quality

(selection: 2,

Health

behavior.

BMI.

78.4, age: 40,

45, 50, 55, 60

Wedegaertner

(2013), #607

Germany,

n=125019,

Random sample,

number of

females in %:

33.2, age: 15-57

Disability

pension,

Mettmann

Regional Office

of the AOK

Rheinland,

Cases: 5282

Sweden,

Disability

n=31206,

pension,

Random sample Swedish Social

, number of

Insurance

females in %: 52, Agency, Cases:

age: 42-64

3864

Sweden,

Disability

n=27165, Twins, pension,

number of

Swedish Social

females in %: 51, Insurance

age: <65 years

Agency, Cases:

3290

Sweden,

Disability

n=24543, Twins, pension,

number of

Swedish

females in %:

National Social

50.5, age: 45

Insurance

Agency, Cases:

4254

Denmark,

Disability

n=8005,

pension,

Random sample, DREAM, Cases:

number of

426

females in %:

49.7, age: 18-59

Denmark,

Disability

n=4215, Men,

pension,

number of

DREAM, Cases:

females in %: 0, 188

age: 38.2

Finland,

Disability

n=19273,

pension, Local

Random sample, Government

number of

Pensions

females in %: 74, Institution &

age: 40.7

State Treasury,

Cases: 223

Finland,

Disability

n=30700, Public pension, Finnish

sector

Centre for

employees,

Pensions, Cases:

number of

1178

females in %: 78,

age: 44.8

Mental

health

problems.

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Anxiety, outpatient. Anxiety, inpatient. Good quality

Depression, outpatient. Depression,

(selection: 4,

inpatient.

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Ropponen (2014)

a, #1517

Health

behavior.

Alcohol consumption. Physical activity. Good quality

Tobacco consumption.

(selection: 4,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Good quality

(selection: 4,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Ropponen (2018),

#12142

Psychosocial Night work. All-cause.

work

environment.

Ropponen (2013)

b, #1523

Psychosocial Job demands. Job strain.

work

environment.

Tuchsen (2008),

#633

Psychosocial Shift work.

work

environment.

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

1, outcome: 3)

Good quality

(selection: 4,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Tuchsen (2010),

#632

Physical

work

demands.

Whole-body-vibrations.

Vahtera (2005),

#464

Psychosocial Organizational downsizing.

work

environment.

Vahtera (2010),

#463

Psychosocial Worktime control.

work

environment.

Moderate

quality

(selection: 2,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Karpansalo (2005), Finland, n=1726,

#3440

Men, number of

females in %: 0,

age: 51.8

Everhov (2016),

#4520

Helgesson (2017),

#3889

Disability

pension, Social

Insurance

Institution &

Central Pension

Security Institute

+ some smaller

pension

institutions,

Cases: 839

Sweden,

Disability

n=1971, Cervical pension, The

cancer patient,

Swedish Social

number of

Insurance

females in %:

Agency, Cases:

100, age: 42

1498

Sweden,

Disability

n=1753544,

pension,

Random sample, Swedish Social

number of

Insurance

females in %: 49, Agency, Cases:

age: 20-35

Mental

health

problems.

Depression score.

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Somatic

health

problems.

Cervical cancer.

Moderate

quality

(selection: 2,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Good quality

(selection: 4,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Mental

health

problems.

Mental disorder. Affective disorders.

Behavioural/emotional/developmental

disorders. Organic disorders/mental

retardation. Personality disorders.

Schizophrenia/non-affective

psychoses. Neurotic/stress-

related/somatoform disorders.

Substance abuse disorders.

Risky use of alcohol. Smoking.

Psychiatric diagnosis at conscription.

Upmark (1999),

#479

Juvani (2014),

#3565

Mansson (2001),

#2576

Lamberg (2010),

#3010

Ropponen (2016),

#1521

Sweden,

n=49285,

Random sample,

number of

females in %: 0,

age: 18-21

Finland,

n=51874,

Random sample,

number of

females in %: 75,

age: 44.3

Sweden,

n=5313,

Random sample,

number of

females in %: 0,

age: 48.1

Finland,

n=14487,

Random sample,

number of

females in %:

42.5, age: 20-24,

30-34, 40-44,

50-54

Finland,

n=17169,

Random sample,

number of

Disability

pension,

Swedish Social

Insurance

Agency, Cases:

1276

Disability

pension, Finnish

Centre for

Pensions, Cases:

4642

Disability

pension,

Swedish Social

Insurance

Agency, Cases:

645

Disability

pension, Self

reported , Cases:

329

Health

behavior.

Mental

health

problems.

Low quality

(selection: 4,

comparability:

0, outcome: 3)

Psychosocial Work unit-level ERI. Individual-level

ERI.

work

environment.

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

1, outcome: 3)

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 2)

Health

behavior.

Obesity.

Mental

health

problems.

Depressiveness.

Disability

pension, Finnish

Centre for

Health

behavior.

Overweight, Obesity.

Good quality

(selection: 3,

females in %: 52, Pensions, Cases:

age: 34.3

2853

Ropponen (2012),

#1520

Finland,

n=16028,

Random sample,

number of

females in %: 44,

age: Uknown

Disability

pension, Finnish

Centre for

Pensions, Cases:

470

Physical

Indoor or outdoor work. Work physical

work

loading. Work type, stress of daily

activities. Exercise.

demands.

Psychosocial

work

environment.

Health

behavior.

Health

behavior.

Alcohol consumption.

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Sidorchuk (2012),

#11799

Sweden,

n=49321, Men,

number of

females in %: 0,

age: 18-21

Germany,

n=10809,

Construction

workers,

number of

females in %: 0,

age: 15-64

Siebert (2001),

#1119

Disability

pension,

Swedish Social

Insurance

Agency, Cases:

6342

Early retirement

(permanent

disability),

Workers pension

fund, Cases: 359

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Somatic

health

problems.

Obesity (diseases). Disorders of lipid

metabolism. Ischemic heart disease.

Hypertension. Asthma. Chronic

bronchitis. Chronic obstructive lung

diseases. Liver diseases. Disorders of

the back and spine. Arthropathies.

Skin diseases. Gout.

High physical work demands.

Sweden,

Denmark, the

Netherlands,

Belgium,

Germany,

Austria,

Switzerland,

France, Italy,

Spain, Greece,

n=4611, People

>50 years,

number of

females in %: 45,

age: 50-63

Rask (2015), #1713 Denmark,

n=1785, Patients

consulting their

family physician,

number of

females in %:

Unknown, age:

18-65

Kouzis (2000),

USA, n=11981,

#3086

Random sample,

number of

females in %: 59,

age: >18

Van den Berg

(2010), #445

Disability

pension, Self

reported , Cases:

784

Physical

work

demands.

Psychosocial

work

environment.

Health

behavior.

Low quality

(selection: 2,

High time pressure at work. Lack of job comparability:

control. Effort-reward imbalance at

2, outcome: 0)

work. BMI. Current smoker.

Problematic alcohol use. Lack of

leisure time physical activity.

Disability

pension,

DREAM, Cases:

107

Mental

health

problems

Somatoform disorder.

Moderate

quality

(selection: 2,

comparability:

1, outcome: 3)

Disability

pension, Self

reported, Cases:

261

Mental

health

problems.

Major depressive disorder. Alcohol

abuse or dependence. Panic disorder.

Phobic disorder. Schizophrenia.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Low quality

(selection: 4,

comparability:

2, outcome: 1)

Korhonen (2015),

#3101

Lundin (2016),

#2769

Finland,

n=21719,

Random sample,

number of

females in %: 51,

age: 32.6 (men),

33.0 (women)

Sweden,

n=12064,

Random sample,

number of

females in %:

45.6, age: 18-60

Disability

pension, Social

Insurance

Institution & the

Finnish Centre

for Pensions,

Cases: 4251

Disability

pension,

Swedish Social

Insurance

Agency, Cases:

299

Health

behavior.

Smoking status. Alcohol consumption.

Binge drinking.

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Physical

Physical demands. Demands Control.

Smoking. Binge drinking.

work

demands.

Psychosocial

work

environment.

Health

behavior.

Mental

health

problems.

Life-time ever depression. Current

depression.

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Lassemo (2016),

#2970

Norway,

n=1230,

Random sample,

number of

females in %:

51.5, age: 42

Kuoppala (2011),

#3517

Disability

pension, The

Norwegian

Labor and

Welfare

Administration

(NAV), Cases:

138

Finland, n=967, Disability

Civil servants,

pension, Social

number of

Insurance

females in %: 53, Institution,

age: 45.1

Cases: 44

Sweden,

n=670000-

1100000,

Random sample,

number of

females in %:

48.2, age: 28-42

Sweden,

n=2641, Breast

cancer patients,

number of

females in %:

100, age: 25-62

Sweden,

n=176629,

Random sample,

number of

females in %: 49,

age: 16-49

Finland, n=535,

Random sample,

number of

females in %:

50.1, age: 30-64

Good quality

(selection: 4,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Psychosocial Job satisfaction. Job enjoyment.

work

environment.

Moderate

quality

(selection: 2,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Good quality

(selection: 4,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Kendler (2017),

#3386

Early retirement, Mental

Swedish

health

population-

problems.

based registers,

Cases: 181837

Alcohol use disorder.

Lundh (2014),

#2770

Kivimaki (2007),

#3309

Rissanen (2002),

#1590

Disability

pension,

Swedish Social

Insurance

Agency, Cases:

unknown

Disability

pension,

Swedish Social

Insurance

Agency, Cases:

12540

Work disability,

Social Insurance

Institution,

Cases: 56

Somatic

health

problems.

Breast cancer (post diagnosis). Breast

cancer (post diagnosis).

Moderate

quality

(selection: 2,

comparability:

1, outcome: 3)

Good quality

(selection: 4,

comparability:

1, outcome: 3)

Good quality

(selection: 4,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Somatic

health

problems.

Mental

health

problems.

Physical

work

demands.

Psychosocial

work

environment.

Sick leave (somatic disorders). Sick

leave (mental disorders).

Physical labour at work. Trunk flexion

performance. Trunk extension

performance. Mental stress at work.

BM.I Physical activity at leisure.

History of smoking.

Claessen (2010),

#4886

Claessen (2009),

#4887

Hagen (2006),

#4071

Germany,

n=14483,

Construction

workers,

number of

females in %: 0,

age: 25-59

Germany,

n=16875,

Contruction

workers,

number of

females in %: 0,

age: 41.9

Norway,

n=26832,

Random sample,

number of

females in %:

41.4, age: 25-59

Disability

pension,

German Pension

Fund, Cases:

2643

Health

behavior.

Health

behavior.

Daily smoking.

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Disability

pension,

German Pension

Fund , Cases:

3064

Health

behavior.

BMI.

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

1, outcome: 3)

Disability

pension due to

BP, The National

Insurance

Administration

(NIA), Cases: 715

Hoivik (2013),

#3800

Hinkka (2013),

#3828

Norway, n=501,

Patients with

Inflammatory

bowel disease

(IBD) - ulcerative

colitis and

Crohn's disease,

number of

females in %:

49.9, age: 41.9

Finland, n=967,

Random sample,

number of

females in %: 53,

age: 45.1 (23-65)

Physical

work

demands.

Psychosocial

work

environment.

Health

behavior.

Disability

Somatic

pension, Self

health

reported , Cases: problems.

Physically demanding work.

Concentration and attention. Stress

and tension. Authority to plan own

work.

Current smoker. Physical exercise.

Body mass index. Alcohol

consumption. Job satisfaction.

Ulcerative colitis. Crohn's disease.

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

1, outcome: 3)

Moderate

quality

(selection: 2,

comparability:

2, outcome: 2)

Disability

pension, Actuary

Division of State

Treasury, Cases:

Physical

work

demands.

Psychosocial

work

environment.

Horsboel (2014),

#3760

Husemoen (2004),

#3695

Denmark,

n=31821, Cancer

patients,

number of

females in %: 41,

age: 45 (19-55)

Denmark,

n=9035,

Random sample,

number of

females in %:

37.9, age: 20-62

Disability

Somatic

pension,

health

DREAM, CRS and problems.

SKAT, Cases:

2061

Disability

pension, Danish

Statistics, Cases:

506

Physical

work

demands.

Health

behavior.

Monotonous movements.

Crowdedness at work. Other physical

factors. Type of work. Time form of

work. Physical work environment.

Support from supervisor. Feedback

from supervisor. Work control.

Opportunities for mental growth.

Work pressure. Team climate at work.

Communication. Appreciation at work.

Bullying and discrimination.

Cancer diagnosis after 2 years. Cancer

diagnosis after 4 years. Cancer

diagnosis after 6 years.

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Moderate

quality

(selection: 2,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Physical activity at work.

Smoking status < 60 years. Smoking

status, 60-67 years. BMI. Number of

drinks per day. Exercise in leisure time.

Jansson (2013) ,

#9498

Sweden,

n=4980882,

Random sample,

number of

females in %: 48,

age: 17-64

Finland, n=1755,

Men, number of

females in %: 0

age: 42-65

Disability

pension,

Swedish Social

Insurance

Agency, Cases:

142192

Somatic

health

problems.

Insomnia.

Good quality

(selection: 4,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Karpansalo (2002),

#3437

Lassemo (2018),

#2971

Salonsalmi (2012) ,

#1442

Samuelsson (2013)

b, #1419

Samuelsson (2013)

a, #1420

Disability

pension, Social

insurance

Institution and

the Central

pension Security

Institute, Cases:

861

Norway,

Disability

n=1238,

pension, FD

Random sample, Trygd, Cases:

number of

114

females in %:

51.7, age: 40.2

(women), 40.6

(men)

Finland, n=6275, Disability

Random sample, pension, Finnish

number of

Centre for

females in %:

Pensions, Cases:

78.3, age: 40-60 592

Sweden,

Disability

n=42715, Twins, pension due to

number of

mental

females in %:

diagnosis,

49.4, age: 32-62 Swedish Social

Insurance

Agency, Cases:

7709

Sweden,

Disability

n=28613,

pension due to

Random sample, mental disorder

number of

, Swedish Social

females in %: 52, Insurance

age: 52,9

Agency, Cases:

3073

Sweden,

n=21809,

Random sample,

number of

females in %:

49.1, age: 25-74

Disability

pension,

Swedish Social

Insurance

Agency, Cases:

1626

Physical

work

demands.

Sitting. Standing. Walking. Lifting and

moving pieces. Static muscular

loading. Uncomfortable work

positions. Physical workload.

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Mental

health

problems.

Posttraumatic stress disorder.

Potentially traumatic events.

Good quality

(selection: 4,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Health

behavior.

Drinking habits Quantity of drinking).

Drinking habits (frequency of

drinking). Drinking habits (binge

drinkers). Problem drinking (CAGE).

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Psychosocial Job demands. Job control. Social

work

support.

environment.

Health

behavior.

Leisure time. BMI. Tobacco use.

Alcohol consumption.

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Kjellberg (2016),

#3303

Physical

Physical workload.

work

Job control.

demands.

Psychosocial

work

environment.

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Singer (2014),

#1059

Germany ,

n=491, Cancer

patients ,

number of

females in %: 47,

age: 46

Finland, n=4593,

Random sample,

number of

females in %:

40.5, age: 20-62

Health-related

early retirement

pension, Self

reported, Cases:

Mental

health

problems.

Depression. Anxiety. Adjustment

disorder. Alcohol dependence.

Low quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 1)

Sjosten (2009),

#1041

Skogen (2012),

#1032

Solovieva (2018),

#6815

Sommer (2016),

#1354

Stover (2013),

#903

Disability

pension among

other, Finnish

Centre for

Pensions, Cases:

422

Norway,

Disability

n=72395,

pension among

Random sample, other, The

number of

National

females in %: 67, Insurance

age: 20-61

Administration

(NIA), Cases:

3207 (Alcohol

consumption) ,

3016 (problem

drinking)

Finland,

Disability

n=1135654,

pension due to

Random sample, hip OA, Finnish

number of

Centre for

females in %:

Pensions, Cases:

49.4, age: 30-60 2212

Denmark ,

Disability

n=25292,

pension or

Patients with

flexjob, DREAM,

musculoskeletal Cases: 119

symptoms,

number of

females in %: 57,

age: 18-64

Norway,

Disability

n=5749,

Pension,

Random sample, Statistics

number of

Norway and

females in %:

Norway Social

46.6, age: 40-42 Insurance

service, Cases:

1944

Somatic

health

problems.

Sleep apnea status.

Good

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Health

behavior.

Alcohol consumption. Problem

drinking.

Physical

work

demands.

Lifting. Sitting. Physical work.

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Moderate

quality

(selection: 2,

comparability:

1, outcome: 2)

Physical

work

demands.

Psychosocial

work

environment.

Health

behavior.

Physical

work

demands.

Psychosocial

work

environment.

Occupational mechanical exp.

Job strain. Social support

BMI. Leisure time physical activity.

Vibrations. Heavy lifting. Monotonous

work. Exhaust fumes. Exposed to

noise. Poor lighting. Climatic change.

Smoke from welding. Other chemicals.

Gases and solvents. Visually intensive

work. Radiation. Passive smoking.

Good fellowship/community. Worry

about reorganizations. Job

satisfaction. Bullying/harassment.

Help/support with problems.

Contact/collaboration with

supervisors. Work varied enough.

Influence on working conditions.

Feedback. Work too demanding. Too

much to do.

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Torske (2015),

#660

Norway,

n=29016,

Random sample,

number of

females in %:

49,2, age: 42,2

Sweden,

n=4976693, MS-

patients with

risk for DP,

number of

females in %:

70.8 (MS

patients), 49.2

(general

population),

age: 17-64

Norway,

n=66005,

Random sample,

number of

females in %:

51.2, age: 41.3

Sweden,

n=10936,

Women,

number of

females in %:

100, age: 16-43

Norway,

n=3096,

Women,

number of

females in %:

100, age: 45-54

Tinghog (2014),

#679

Disability

pension,

Statistics

Norway, Cases:

4215 (anxiety),

4232

(depression)

Disability

pension,

Swedish Social

Insurance

Agency, Cases:

unknown

Mental

health

problems.

Anxiety. Depression.

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Somatic

health

problems.

Mental

health

problems.

Musculoskeletal disorders.

Cardiovascular disorders. Mental

disorders.

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Braekkan (2016),

#5396

Gustafsson (2014),

#4093

Hauglann (2012),

#3939

Kaila-Kangas

(2015), #3552

Virtanen (2017) b,

#349 b

Pietilainen (2018),

#2610

Finland, n=3621,

Random sample,

number of

females in %: 50,

age: 30-55

Finland ,

n=6283,

Random sample,

number of

females in %:

78.5, age: 49.2

Finland,

n=170510,

Random sample,

number of

females in %:

Disability

Pension, The

National

Insurance

Administration

(NIA), Cases:

9862

Disability

pension,

Swedish Social

Insurance

Agency, Cases:

303

Disability

pension, The

Norwegian

Labor and

Welfare

Administration

(NAV), Cases:

1052

Disability

pension, Finnish

Centre for

Pensions, Cases:

396

Disability

pension, Finnish

Centre for

Pensions, Cases:

391

Disability

pension, Finnish

Centre for

Pensions, Cases:

13162

Somatic

health

problems.

Venous thromboembolism.

Good quality

(selection: 4,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Somatic

health

problems.

Mental

health

problems.

Somatic

health

problems.

No long-standing illness

Musculoskeletal diagnoses.

Nervous system diagnoses.

Respiratory diagnoses. Digestive

organs. No long-standing illness

Psychiatric diagnoses.

Breast cancer.

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

1, outcome: 3)

Moderate

quality

(selection: 2,

comparability:

1, outcome: 3)

Health

behavior.

Mental

health

problems.

Somatic

health

problems.

Alcohol use. Alcohol use (disorder)

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Good quality

(selection: 4,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Cardiovascular disease.

Somatic

health

problems.

Mental

health

problems.

Cardiovascular disease.

Musculoskeletal disorder. Malignant

neoplasm. Respiratory disease.

Any Mental disorder.

Ostby (2014),

#2331

Puolakka (2008) ,

#2084

Friis (2008), #4724

70.3, age:

unknown

Norway,

n=2770,

Random sample,

number of

females in %:

63.3, age: 28.2

(19-36)

Finland , n=152,

Patients

surgically

treated on

lumbar disc

herniation ,

number of

females in %:

43.4, age: 39

Denmark,

n=12028,

Nurses, number

of females in %:

100,

age: > 44

Disability

pension, The

National

Insurance

Administration

(NIA) , Cases: 76

Disability

pension, Self

reported, Cases:

Mental

health

problems.

Personality disorder.

Good quality

(selection: 4,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Physical

work

demands.

Health

behavior.

Physically demanding work. BMI.

Low quality

(selection: 2,

comparability:

0, outcome: 1)

Disability

pension, Danish

Integrated

Database for

Labour Market

Research (IDA),

Cases: 691

Disability

pension,

DREAM, Cases:

Albertsen(2007),

#5844

Denmark,

n=5940,

Random sample,

number of

females in %:

unknown, age:

38.8 (women),

38.6 (men)

Physical

work

demands.

Psychosocial

work

environment.

Health

behavior.

Physical

work

demands.

Psychosocial

work

environment.

Health

behavior.

Physical demands. Physical demands.

Day work. Evening work. Night work.

Shift work. Influence at work.

Smoking. BMI. Physically active

lifestyle.

Low quality

(selection: 2,

comparability:

0, outcome: 3)

Physical demands. Repetitive

monotonous work. Standing work.

Arms lifted. Bending neck.

Job insecurity. Decision authority. Role

conflicts. Social support High

psychological demands. High

responsibility. High concentration.

Conflicts. Violence. Teasing. Sexual

harassment.

Smoking. BMI

Chronic hypertension. Diabetes. Heart

or cerebrovascular disease.

Low quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

0, outcome: 3)

Ervasti (2016) a,

#4545

Hagen (2002),

#4072

Finland,

n=14514, Public

sector, number

of females in %:

74, age: 50.8

Norway,

n=34754,

Random sample,

number of

females in %:

40.3, age: 25-59

Disability

pension, Finnish

Centre for

Pensions, Cases:

1439

Disability

pension, The

National

Insurance

Administration

(NIA), Cases: 715

Somatic

health

problems.

Low quality

(selection: 1,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

1, outcome: 3)

Jensen (2016),

#3632

Denmark,

n=1430,

Cleaners,

Disability

pension,

Physical

work

demands.

Psychosocial

work

environment.

Health

behavior.

Somatic

health

problems.

Psychosocial

work

environment.

Physically demanding work. Excessive

job demands. Concentration and

attention. Authority to plan own work.

Job satisfaction. Current smoker.

Physical exercise. Body mass index.

Alcohol consumption.

Quantitative demands. Decision

latitude. BMI.

Low quality

(selection: 1,

number of

females in %:

100, age: 50.3

Kang (2015), #3472 Korea, n=3371,

Random sample,

number of

females in %:

31.7, age: 54.33

Kaila-Kangas

Finland, n=3943,

(2014), #3553

Random sample,

number of

females in %: 49,

age: 44.3

Robroek (2017),

#1570

Sweden,

n=328743,

Contruction

workers,

number of

females in %: 0,

age: 32.4

Sweden,

n=16713,

Random sample,

number of

females in %: 52,

age: unknown

Finland,

n=24043,

Random sample,

number of

females in %:

49.2, age:

unknown

Denmark,

n=5076,

Random sample,

number of

females in %: 30,

age: 54.3

DREAM, Cases:

269

Involuntary early

retirement, Self

reported, Cases:

325

Disability

pension, Finnish

Centre for

Pensions, Cases:

476

Disability

pension,

Swedish Social

Insurance

Agency, Cases:

61176

Disability

pension,

Swedish Social

Insurance

Agency, Cases:

1843

Disability

pension, Finnish

Centre for

Pensions, Cases:

2496

Health

behavior.

Health

behavior.

Somatic

health

problems.

Somatic

health

problems.

Mental

health

problems.

Physical

work

demands.

Health

behavior.

Smoking. Problem drinking. Lack of

exercise. BMI.

comparability:

0, outcome: 3)

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Low quality

(selection: 2,

comparability:

0, outcome: 3)

Musculoskeletal disorder.

Common mental disorder.

Physical workload. BMI.

Ropponen (2011)

a, #1524

Health

behavior.

Leisure-time physical activity. BMI.

Change in use of tobacco products.

Alcohol consumption.

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

1, outcome: 3)

Ropponen (2011)

b, #1519

Health

behavior.

Leisure time physical activity. BMI.

Smoking status. Alcohol consumption.

Sundstrup (2018)

b, #832

Disability

pension,

DREAM, Cases:

Sundstrup (2017),

#833

Sundstrup (2018)

a, #20988

Denmark,

n=5076,

Random sample,

number of

females in %: 30,

age: 54.3

Denmark,

n=5076,

Random sample,

number of

females in %: 30,

age: 54.3

Disability

pension,

DREAM, Cases:

Psychosocial Quantitative demands. Work pace.

work

Cognitive demands. Emotional

environment. demands. Influence at work.

Possibilities for development.

Recognition from management. Role

clarity. Role conflict. Social support

from colleagues. Social support from

supervisors. Social community.

Physical

Ton-years. Lifting-years. Kneeling-

work

years. Vibration-years.

demands.

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Disability

pension,

DREAM, Cases:

Physical

work

demands.

Psychosocial

work

environment.

Quantitative demands. Ton-years.

Lifting-years. Kneeling-years.

Vibration-years. Vibration. Noise.

Lifting/carrying. Pushing/pulling. Back

severely bended/twisted. Back

twisted/bended frequently. Repetitive

frequent movements.

Disability

pension within 5

years following a

first CABG or

PCI, Swedish

Social Insurance

Agency, Cases:

11217

vanderBurg (2014), Netherland,

Disability

#441

n=12140,

pension, Self

Random sample, reported, Cases:

number of

131

females in %:

26.9, age: 41

Roy (2018), #12119 USA, n=4128,

Disability

Persons >50

pension , Self

years, number

reported, Cases:

of females in %: 192

unknown , age:

>=50

Hauglann (2014),

Norway,

Disability

#3937

n=1480, Patients pension, The

with cancer +

Norwegian

controls

Labor and

without, number Welfare

of females in %: Administration

48.5, age: 45-54 (NAV), Cases:

481

Hansen (2017),

Denmark,

Disability

#4015

n=63632,

pension ,

Patients with

DREAM, Cases:

rheumatoid

1502

arthritis +

controls

without, number

of females in %:

73.6 (patients),

73.3 (controls),

age: 18-59

Pfleger (2010),

Denmark,

Disability

#7466

n=2186, MS-

pension, The

patients,

Prevention

number of

Registry, Cases:

females in %:

unknown

Unknown , age:

Unknown

Halford (2012),

Sweden,

Disability

#9250

n=11880,

pension,

Random sample, Swedish Social

Zetterstrom

(2015), #43

Sweden,

n=34643, Heart

disease, number

of females in %:

16.4, age: 30-63

Somatic

health

problems.

Appreciation. Cognitive demands.

Emotional demands. Influence at

work. Possibilities for development.

Time pressure. Role clarity. Role

conflicts. Social support from

colleagues. Social support from

supervisors. Social community.

Acute coronary. Diabetes mellitus.

Musculoskeletal disorder.

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Somatic

health

problems.

Rheumatic diseases. Cardiovascular

disease.

Low quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 1)

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 2)

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Health

behavior.

Somatic

health

problems.

Somatic

health

problems.

Physical exercise. Life style.

Cancer.

Colorectal cancer.

Somatic

health

problems.

Rheumatoid arthritis.

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Physical

work

demands.

Physical work.

Good quality

(selection: 4,

comparability:

1, outcome: 3)

Health

behavior.

Leisure-time physical activity.

Good quality

(selection: 3,

number of

females in %:

47.1, age: 52.3

(women), 56.5

(men)

Claussen (2009),

Norway,

#4878

n=9195, Oslo

citizens (40, 45

and 59-60

years), number

of females in %:

53.3, age: 40, 45

and 59-60

Shiri (2018), #6893 Finland, n=3676,

Random sample,

number of

females in %: 49,

age: 44.2

Insurance

Agency, Cases:

962

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Disability

pension, The

National

Insurance

Administration

(NIA), Cases: 498

Physical

Physically demanding work.

work

Job control. Shift work.

demands.

Psychosocial

work

environment.

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Brauer (2002),

#5388

Emberland (2017)

Germany,

n=110,

Economically

active

individuals with

early

rheumatoid

arthritis,

number of

females in %: 61,

age: 47

Norway,

n=12438,

Random sample,

number of

females in %:

55.5, age: 41.8

Disability

pension due to

musculoskeletal

disorder

("permanent or

temporary

disability

retirement due

to musc as

primary cause of

work disability"),

Finnish Centre

for Pensions,

Cases: 170

Disability

pension, Self

reported, Cases:

Physical

work

demands.

Health

behavior.

Work demanding. Hands above

shoulder girdle. Moderate or poor

physical work ability. Sedentary

lifestyle.

Good quality

(selection: 4,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Psychosocial Time pressure. Shift work. Piece-

work

work/Assembly line work. Job

environment. satisfaction. Work tempo. Poor work

climate. High job demand.

Low quality

(selection: 2,

comparability:

0, outcome: 1)

Disability

pension, The

Norwegian

Labor and

Welfare

Administration

(NAV), Cases:

553

Psychosocial

work

environment.

Physical

work

demands.

Decision demands. Quantitative

demands. Role clarity. Role conflict.

Positive challenge. Control over work

intensity. Decision control.

Predictability during the next month.

Support from immediate superior.

Empowering leadership. Fair

leadership. Innovative climate. Social

climate. Human ressource primacy.

Physical workload. Working with arms

raised to or above shoulder level.

Good quality

(selection: 3,

comparability:

2, outcome: 3)

Appendiks 5. Studiekarakteristik af de inkluderede studier samt estimater, som ikke er med i metaanalyserne.

Reference

Outcome

measure

Cohorts

Country

Follow-up Population Stratified

Mean age

Median Domain

age

30-58

Mental

health

problems

Factor

Estimate

Ahola (2011)

Finnish Centre The Health 2000 Finland

for Pensions

survey

2000-2007

3164

Alcohol dependence

1.44

Sundstrup (2018) a DREAM

Denmark

Copenhagen

Aging and

midlife Biobank

(CAMB)

2009-2011,

2011-2015

5076

54.3

Psychosocial Appreciation at work

work

environmen

Psychosocial Appreciation at work

work

environmen

Somatic

health

problems

Somatic

health

problems

Mental

health

problems

Arthropathies

3.59

Hinkka (2013)

Actuary

All Well at Work Finland

Division of

survey 2000

State Treasury (civil servants)

7 years

967

45.1

23-65

0.40

Siebert (2001)

Workers

pension fund

Germany

Employees of

the construction

industry

Germany

Employees of

the construction

industry

1986-1994

10809

Male

15-64

3.03

Siebert (2001)

Workers

pension fund

1986-1994

10809

Male

15-64

Asthma

0.93

Brenner (2014)

Swedish Social The Longitudinal Sweden

Insurance

Investigations

Institution

into Supportive

and Ancillary

health services

(LISA)

Swedish Social Statistics

Sweden

Insurance

Agency

DREAM

Danish Work

Environment

Cohort Study

(DWECS)

Sweden

2006-2010

4750

Behavioral

1.23

Helgesson (2017)

2005-2011

1753544 No

20-35

Mental

health

problems

Behavioural/emotional/devel 8.54

opmental disorders

Albertsen (2007)

Denmark

1995-2004

5940

Female

38.8

(women),

38.6 (men)

Psychosocial Bullying/harassment

work

environmen

2.35

Stover (2013)

Statistics

Norway

The Nordland

health study

Norway

1992- 2007

5749

40-42

Psychosocial Bullying/harassment

work

environmen

Psychosocial Bullying/harassment

work

environmen

1.33

Nielsen (2017) a

The Norwegian

Labor and

Welfare

Administration

(NAV)

"The new

workplace II:

work factors,

sickness

absence, and

exit from

working life

among

Norwegian

employees"

Norway

2005-2015

12303

18-62

1.18

Siebert (2001)

Workers

pension fund

Germany

Employees of

the construction

industry

Germany

Employees of

the construction

industry

The Nordland

health study

Norway

1986-1994

10809

Male

15-64

Somatic

health

problems

Somatic

health

problems

Physical

work

demands

Chronic bronchitis

3.18

Siebert (2001)

Workers

pension fund

1986-1994

10809

Male

15-64

Chronic obstructive lung

3.00

Stover (2013)

Statistics

Norway

1992- 2007

5749

40-42

Climatic change

1.51

Hinkka (2013)

Actuary

All Well at Work Finland

Division of

survey 2000

State Treasury (civil servants)

7 years

967

45.1

23-65

Psychosocial Communication

work

environmen

Psychosocial Conflicts

work

environmen

Psychosocial Conflicts

work

environmen

0.69

Albertsen (2007)

DREAM

Danish Work

Environment

Cohort Study

(DWECS)

Danish Work

Environment

Cohort Study

(DWECS)

Denmark

1995-2004

5940

Female

38.8

(women),

38.6 (men)

0.75

Albertsen (2007)

DREAM

Denmark

1995-2004

5940

Male

38.8

(women),

38.6 (men)

1.31

Hoivik (2013)

Self reported

Norway

Inflammatory

Bowel in

Southern

Eastern Norway

cohort +

Statistics

Norway,

Norwegian

Labour and

Welfare

Administration

(background

population)

1990-1993, 2000-

2003

501

41.9

Somatic

health

problems

Crohn's disease

1.98

Hinkka (2013)

Actuary

All Well at Work Finland

Division of

survey 2000

State Treasury (civil servants)

7 years

967

45.1

23-65

Physical

work

demands

Somatic

health

problems

Crowdedness at work

1.13

Zetterstrom (2015) Swedish Social Swedehart

Sweden

Insurance

Agency

board of health

and welfares

national patient

death register

Zetterstrom (2015) Swedish Social Swedehart

Sweden

Insurance

Agency

board of health

and welfares

national patient

death register

Zetterstrom (2015) Swedish Social Swedehart

Sweden

Insurance

Agency

board of health

and welfares

national patient

death register

1994-2003

34643

Female

30-63

Diabetes

1.42

1994-2003

34643

Male

30-63

Somatic

health

problems

Diabetes

1.49

1994-2003

34643

Female

30-63

Somatic

health

problems

Diabetes

1.52

Zetterstrom (2015) Swedish Social Swedehart

Sweden

Insurance

Agency

board of health

and welfares

national patient

death register

Ervasti (2016) b

Swedish Social The nationwide Sweden

Insurance

population-

Agency

based Insurance

Medicine All-

Sweden (IMAS)

Swedish Social The Longitudinal Sweden

Insurance

Investigations

Agency

into Supportive

and Ancillary

health services

(LISA)

Swedish Social The Longitudinal Sweden

Insurance

Investigations

Agency

into Supportive

and Ancillary

health services

(LISA)

Finnish Centre Finnish Public

for Pensions

Sector study

(FPS)

Finland

1994-2003

34643

Male

30-63

Somatic

health

problems

Diabetes

1.61

2007–2010

53402

43.8

Somatic

health

problems

Diabetes

1.63

Ervasti (2017)

5 years

20498

25-60

Somatic

health

problems

Diabetes

1.40

Ervasti (2017)

5 years

20498

25-60

Somatic

health

problems

Diabetes

2.49

Ervasti (2016) a

2005-2011

14514

50.8

Somatic

health

problems

16-49

Somatic

health

problems

Somatic

health

problems

Diabetes

1.84

Kivimaki (2007)

Swedish Social Entire working Sweden

Insurance

population of a

Agency

Swedish county

1985-1996

176629

Digestive disorder

4.57

Gustafsson (2014) Swedish Social Swedish Surveys Sweden

Insurance

of Living

Agency

Conditions

(SSLC)

Siebert (2001)

Workers

pension fund

Germany

Employees of

the construction

industry

1991–2003

10936

Female

16-43

Digestive disorder

2.87

1986-1994

10809

Male

15-64

Somatic

health

problems

Disorders of lipid metabolism 1.88

Juvani (2014)

Finnish Centre Finnish Public

for Pensions

Sector study

(FPS)

Finland

2000-2002,

2002-2010

51874

44.3

Psychosocial Effort-reward imbalance

work

environmen

50-63

Psychosocial Effort-reward imbalance

work

environmen

1.42

VandenBerg (2010) Self reported

2004-2006

Survey of Health, Sweden,

Ageing and

Denmark, the

Retirement in

Netherlands,

Europe (SHARE) Belgium,

Germany,

Austria,

Switzerland,

France, Italy,

Spain, Greece

Finnish Twin

Cohort

Finland

1975-2004

4611

1.62

Karkkainen (2013) Social

Insurance

Institution

16028

18-64

Psychosocial Evening work

work

environmen

Psychosocial Evening work

work

environmen

Psychosocial Evening work

work

environmen

1.39

Friis (2008)

IDA

The Danish

Nurse Cohort

Study

Denmark

1993-2002

12028

Female

> 44

1.92

Jensen (2012)

DREAM

PENSAM

Denmark

1993-2008

3332

41.9

1.29

Stover (2013)

Statistics

Norway

The Nordland

health study

Norway

1992 - 2007

5749

40-42

Physical

work

demands

Physical

work

demands

Physical

work

demands

Somatic

health

problems

Exhaust fumes

1.57

Lahelma (2012)

Finnish Centre Helsinki Health

for Pensions

Study cohort

(HHS)

Finnish Centre Helsinki Health

for Pensions

Study cohort

(HHS)

Finnish Centre Finnish Public

for Pensions

Sector study

(FPS)

Finland

2000, 2001, 2002-

2008

6525

Female

40-60

Hazardous exposures

1.06

Lahelma (2012)

Finland

2000, 2001, 2002-

2008

6525

Male

40-60

Hazardous exposures

1.63

Ervasti (2016) a

Finland

2005-2011

14514

50.8

Heart or cerebrovascular

disorder

2.88

Jensen (2012)

DREAM

PENSAM

Denmark

1993-2008

3332

41.9

Physical

work

demands

Heaviness of care duties

0.98

Kuoppala (2011)

Social

Insurance

Institution

All Well at Work Finland

survey 2000

(civil servants)

Not specified

967

45.1

Psychosocial High job satisfaction

work

environmen

Psychosocial High job satisfaction

work

environmen

23-65

Psychosocial Recognition and feedback

work

environmen

Health

behaviour

0.47

Kuoppala (2011)

Social

Insurance

Institution

All Well at Work Finland

survey 2000

(civil servants)

Not specified

967

45.1

0.70

Hinkka (2013)

Actuary

All Well at Work Finland

Division of

survey 2000

State Treasury (civil servants)

7 years

967

45.1

1.28

Robroek (2015)

Dutch Tax

1999–2008

Permanent

The

Survey on Living Netherlands

Conditions

(POLS)

"The new

workplace II:

work factors,

sickness

absence, and

exit from

working life

among

Norwegian

employees"

Norway

Not specified

14708

How many hours pr week do 1.64

Nielsen (2017) b

The Norwegian

Labor and

Welfare

Administration

(NAV)

14501

42.75

Psychosocial Human resource primacy

work

environmen

0.85

Emberland (2017) The Norwegian 96 organizations Norway

Labor and

Welfare

Administration

(NAV)

Christensen (2008) DREAM

Danish Work

Environment

Cohort Study

(DWECS)

Denmark

5.8 years

12468

41.8

Psychosocial Human resource primacy

work

environmen

0.79

1995-2000,

2000-2006

8298

Male

18-59

Psychosocial Level of Information

work

environmen

1.06

Christensen (2008) DREAM

Danish Work

Environment

Cohort Study

(DWECS)

Denmark

1995-2000,

2000-2006

8298

Female

18-59

Psychosocial Level of Information

work

environmen

Psychosocial Injustice

work

environmen

1.46

Juvani (2018)

Finnish Centre Finnish Public

for Pensions

Sector study

(FPS)

Finland

2008-2011

41862

1.26

Siebert (2001)

Workers

pension fund

Germany

Employees of

the construction

industry

1986-1994

10809

Male

15-64

Somatic

health

problems

Ischaemic heart disease

2.95

Ahola (2011)

Finnish Pension The Health 2000 Finland

Registers

survey

2000-2007

3164

30-58

Psychosocial Job insecurity

work

environmen

Psychosocial Job insecurity

work

environmen

Psychosocial Job insecurity

work

environmen

Psychosocial Job insecurity

work

environmen

1.57

Lahelma (2012)

Finnish Centre Helsinki Health

for Pensions

Study cohort

(HHS)

Finland

2000, 2001, 2002-

2008

6525

Male

40-60

0.84

Lahelma (2012)

Finnish Centre Helsinki Health

for Pensions

Study cohort

(HHS)

Finland

2000, 2001, 2002-

2008

6525

Female

40-60

1.03

Vahtera (2005)

Finnish Centre Statistics Finland Finland

for Pensions

1994-1998

19273

40.7

1.81

Stover (2013)

Statistics

Norway

The Nordland

health study

Norway

1992 - 2007

5749

40-42

Psychosocial Job insecurity

work

environmen

Psychosocial Job rewards

work

environmen

1.24

Robroek (2015)

Dutch Tax

1999–2008

Permanent

The

Survey on Living Netherlands

Conditions

(POLS)

14708

1.51

Roy (2018)

Self reported

Health and

Retirement

Study (HRS)

1992-2010

4128

>=50

Health

behaviour

Life style

1.02

Siebert (2001)

Workers

pension fund

Germany

Employees of

the construction

industry

The Nordland

health study

Norway

1986-1994

10809

Male

15-64

Somatic

health

problems

Liver disease

2.00

Stover (2013)

Statistics

Norway

1992 - 2007

5749

40-42

Psychosocial Low job demand

work

environmen

Psychosocial Low job demand

work

environmen

Psychosocial Low job satisfaction

work

environmen

Psychosocial Low job satisfaction

work

environmen

Psychosocial Low job satisfaction

work

environmen

0.96

Stover (2013)

Statistics

Norway

The Nordland

health study

Norway

1992 - 2007

5749

40-42

1.02

Labriola (2009) a

DREAM

Danish Work

Environment

Cohort Study

(DWECS)

Danish Work

Environment

Cohort Study

(DWECS)

Denmark

1990,1995,2000-

2006

8475

Male

18-59

1.22

Labriola (2009) a

DREAM

Denmark

1990,1995,2000-

2006

8475

Female

18-59

1.40

Hagen (2006)

The National

Insurance

Administration

(NIA)

Norway

The National

Insurance

Administration

(NIA), The Nord-

Trøndelag

Health Study

(HUNT),

Statistics

Norway

Multicenter

study with

patients with

early

rheumatoid

arthritis

Germany

1987-1993

26832

25-59

1.90

Brauer (2002)

Self reported

6.5 years

110

Psychosocial Low job satisfaction

work

environmen

2.20

Stover (2013)

Statistics

Norway

The Nordland

health study

Norway

1992-2007

5749

40-42

Psychosocial Low job satisfaction

work

environmen

Psychosocial Low rewards

work

environmen

1.53

Robroek (2013)

Longitudinal

Survey of

Health, Ageing,

and Retirement

in Europe

(SHARE)

Survey of Health, Europe

Ageing and

Retirement in

Europe (SHARE)

2004-2005,

2008-2009

4923

55.2

50-64

1.76

Sundstrup (2018) a DREAM

Denmark

Copenhagen

Aging and

midlife Biobank

(CAMB)

Denmark

Copenhagen

Aging and

midlife Biobank

(CAMB)

Musculoskeletal Denmark

research

database (MRD)

2009,2011,2015

5076

54.3

Psychosocial Low role clarity

work

environmen

Psychosocial Low role clarity

work

environmen

Psychosocial Low social support

work

environmen

Psychosocial Low social support

work

environmen

Psychosocial Low social support

work

environmen

Psychosocial Low social support

work

environmen

Psychosocial Low social support

work

environmen

1.74

Sundstrup (2018) a DREAM

2009,2011,2015

5076

54.3

2.72

Sommer (2016)

DREAM

2001-2004

25292

18-64

2.19

Sundstrup (2018) a DREAM

Denmark

Copenhagen

Aging and

midlife Biobank

(CAMB)

Denmark

Copenhagen

Aging and

midlife Biobank

(CAMB)

Denmark

Copenhagen

Aging and

midlife Biobank

(CAMB)

2009,2011,2015

5076

54.3

1.19

Sundstrup (2018) a DREAM

2009,2011,2015

5076

54.3

1.34

Sundstrup (2018) a DREAM

2009,2011,2015

5076

54.3

8.36

Ahola (2011)

Finnish Centre The Health 2000 Finland

for Pensions

survey

2000-2007

3164

30-58

1.25

Stover (2013)

Statistics

Norway

The Nordland

health study

Norway

1992 - 2007

5749

40-42

Psychosocial Low social support

work

environmen

Psychosocial Low social support

work

environmen

Psychosocial Low social support

work

environmen

Somatic

health

problems

Malignant neoplasm

1.23

Stover (2013)

Statistics

Norway

The Nordland

health study

Norway

1992 - 2007

5749

40-42

1.32

Stover (2013)

Statistics

Norway

The Nordland

health study

Norway

1992 - 2007

5749

40-42

1.54

Pietilainen (2018)

Finnish Centre Finnish National Finland

for Pensions

Institute for

Health and

Welfare, The

Finnish Centre

for pensions,

personnel

city of Helsinki

Finnish Centre Finnish National Finland

for Pensions

Institute for

Health and

Welfare, The

Finnish Centre

for pensions,

personnel

city of Helsinki

Finnish Centre Finnish National Finland

for Pensions

Institute for

Health and

Welfare, The

Finnish Centre

for pensions,

personnel

city of Helsinki

1990-2013

170510

Female

2.01

Pietilainen (2018)

1990-2013

170510

Female

Somatic

health

problems

Malignant neoplasm

2.42

Pietilainen (2018)

1990-2013

170510

Female

Somatic

health

problems

Malignant neoplasm

2.46

Pietilainen (2018)

Finnish Centre Finnish National Finland

for Pensions

Institute for

Health and

Welfare, The

Finnish Centre

for pensions,

personnel

city of Helsinki

Finnish Centre Finnish National Finland

for Pensions

Institute for

Health and

Welfare, The

Finnish Centre

for pensions,

personnel

city of Helsinki

Finnish Centre Finnish National Finland

for Pensions

Institute for

Health and

Welfare, The

Finnish Centre

for pensions,

personnel

city of Helsinki

Finnish Centre Finnish National Finland

for Pensions

Institute for

Health and

Welfare, The

Finnish Centre

for pensions,

personnel

city of Helsinki

1990-2013

170510

Female

Somatic

health

problems

Malignant neoplasm

2.73

Pietilainen (2018)

1990-2013

170510

Male

Somatic

health

problems

Malignant neoplasm

3.72

Pietilainen (2018)

1990-2013

170510

Male

Somatic

health

problems

Malignant neoplasm

3.86

Pietilainen (2018)

1990-2013

170510

Male

Somatic

health

problems

Malignant neoplasm

4.78

Pietilainen (2018)

Finnish Centre Finnish National Finland

for Pensions

Institute for

Health and

Welfare, The

Finnish Centre

for pensions,

personnel

city of Helsinki

Swedish Social Malmö Shoulder Sweden

Insurance

and Neck Study

(MSNS)

Agency

1990-2013

170510

Male

Somatic

health

problems

Malignant neoplasm

5.11

Canivet (2013)

1992-1994,

1994-2005

6540

Female

45-65

Psychosocial Mixed (Psychosocial work

environment factors)

work

environmen

Psychosocial Mixed (Psychosocial work

environment factors)

work

environmen

Physical

work

demands

Mixed working hours

1.30

Canivet (2013)

Swedish Social Malmö Shoulder Sweden

Insurance

and Neck Study

Agency

(MSNS)

1992-1994,

1994-2005

6540

Male

45-65

1.40

Jensen (2012)

DREAM

PENSAM

Denmark

1993-2008

3332

41.9

0.97

Shiri (2018)

Finnish Centre The Health 2000 Finland

for Pensions

survey

2001-2011

3676

44.2

30-60

Physical

work

demands

Moderate or poor physical

1.72

Hinkka (2013)

Actuary

All Well at Work Finland

Division of

survey 2000

State Treasury (civil servants)

7 years

967

45.1

23-65

Psychosocial No bullying/discrimination

work

environmen

Physical

work

demands

No physical demand

0.63

Pfleger (2010)

Denmark

The Prevention The Danish

Registry

Multiple

Sclerosis registry

Denmark

Copenhagen

Aging and

midlife Biobank

(CAMB)

The Nordland

health study

Norway

Mean: 11.5 years

2186

Nej

0.70

Sundstrup (2018) b DREAM

2009-2015

5076

54.3

Psychosocial No recognition and

work

environmen feedback

40-42

Psychosocial No recognition and

work

environmen feedback

2.04

Stover (2013)

Statistics

Norway

1992 - 2007

5749

1.03

Sundstrup (2018) a DREAM

Denmark

Copenhagen

Aging and

midlife Biobank

(CAMB)

The Nordland

health study

Norway

2009, 2011, 2015

5076

54.3

Physical

work

demands

Noise

2.57

Stover (2013)

Statistics

Norway

1992-2007

5749

40-42

Physical

work

demands

Health

behaviour

Noise

1.44

Husemoen (2004) Danish

Statistics

Copenhagen City Denmark

Heart Study, The

Glostrup

Population

Studies, The

Copenhagen

Male Study

Copenhagen City Denmark

Heart Study, The

Glostrup

Population

Studies, The

Copenhagen

Male Study

Norway

The Nord-

Trøndelag

Health

behaviour Study

(HUNT)

German

construction

industry,

working as

bricklayers

Germany

1980-1985

9035

Male

20-62

Normalweight

0.50

Husemoen (2004) Danish

Statistics

1980-1985

9035

Female

20-62

Health

behaviour

Normalweight

0.70

Hagen (2002)

The National

Insurance

Administration

(NIA)

1987-1993

34754

25-59

Health

behaviour

Normalweight

1.10

Claessen (2009)

German

Pension Fund

Mean: 10.8 years

16875

Male

41.9

Health

behaviour

Normalweight

0.80

Siebert (2001)

Workers

pension fund

Germany

Employees of

the construction

industry

Musculoskeletal Denmark

research

database (MRD)

1986-1994

10809

Male

15-64

Somatic

health

problems

Physical

work

demands

Obesity vs group without

1.71

Sommer (2016)

DREAM

2001-2004

25292

18-64

Occupational mechanical

exposure

1.33

Pérez-Vigil (2018)

Sweden

Swedish Social Insurance

Insurance

Medicine All

Agency

Sweden project

Actuary

All Well at Work Finland

Division of

survey 2000

State Treasury (civil servants)

2001-2013

173443

16-64

Mental

health

problems

Obsessive Compulsive

Disorder

16.99

Hinkka (2013)

7 years

967

45.1

23-65

Psychosocial Opportunities for mental

work

environmen

Physical

work

demands

Physical

work

demands

Physical

work

demands

Physical

work

demands

Outdoor work

1.07

Ropponen (2012)

Finnish Centre Finnish Twin

for Pensions

Cohort

Finland

1975-2004

16028

Male

1.13

Ropponen (2012)

Finnish Centre Finnish Twin

for Pensions

Cohort

Finland

1975-2004

16028

Male

Outdoor work

1.15

Ropponen (2012)

Finnish Centre Finnish Twin

for Pensions

Cohort

Finland

1975-2004

16028

Female

Outdoor work

1.17

Ropponen (2012)

Finnish Centre Finnish Twin

for Pensions

Cohort

Finland

1975-2004

16028

Female

Outdoor work

2.25

Hinkka (2013)

Actuary

All Well at Work Finland

survey 2000

Division of

State Treasury (civil servants)

7 years

967

45.1

23-65

Psychosocial Part time work

work

environmen

Psychosocial Participatory safety

work

environmen

2.29

Airaksinen (2017)

The Finnish

Finnish Public

Public Sector Sector study

study (FPS) and (FPS)

the Health and

Social Support

(HeSSup) study

Finland

2000, 2002, 2004-

2008

65775

43.7

1.00

Ropponen (2013) b Swedish Social Swedish Twin

Insurance

Agency

Sweden

1993-2008

24543

32-62

Psychosocial Passive (job strain)

work

environmen

Psychosocial Passive (job strain)

work

environmen

1.33

Laine (2009)

Self reported

Finnish Public

Sector study

(FPS)

Finland

2002-2005

25150

40.2

19-50

1.56

Laine (2009)

Self reported

Finnish Public

Sector study

(FPS)

Finland

2002-2005

25150

40.2

19-50

Psychosocial Passive (job strain)

work

environmen

Psychosocial Passive (job strain)

work

environmen

Psychosocial Passive (job strain)

work

environmen

Psychosocial Passive (low demands and

control)

work

environmen

Physical

work

demands

Physical

work

demands

Physical

work

demands

Physical

work

demands

Physical

work

demands

Passive smoking

2.85

Canivet (2013)

Swedish Social Malmö Shoulder Sweden

Insurance

and Neck Study

(MSNS)

Agency

1992,1994-2005

6540

Female

45-65

1.20

Canivet (2013)

Swedish Social Malmö Shoulder Sweden

Insurance

and Neck Study

Agency

(MSNS)

1992,1994-2005

6540

Male

45-65

1.30

Ahola (2011)

Finnish Pension The Health 2000 Finland

Registers

survey

2000-2007

3164

30-58

1.22

Stover (2013)

Statistics

Norway

The Nordland

health study

Norway

1992 -2007

5749

40-42

1.16

Lahelma (2012)

Finnish Centre Helsinki Health

for Pensions

Study cohort

(HHS)

Finnish Centre Helsinki Health

for Pensions

Study cohort

(HHS)

Finland

2000, 2001, 2002-

2008

6525

Female

40-60

Physical work load (computer 1.28

work)

Lahelma (2012)

Finland

2000, 2001, 2002-

2008

6525

Male

40-60

Physical work load (computer 1.74

work)

Hinkka (2013)

Actuary

All Well at Work Finland

Division of

survey 2000

State Treasury (civil servants)

Statistics

Norway

The Nordland

health study

Norway

7 years

967

45.1

23-65

Physical work

1.54

Stover (2013)

1992-2007

5749

40-42

Poor lighting

1.29

Brauer (2002)

Self reported

Multicenter

study with

patients with

early

Germany

6.5 years

110

Psychosocial Poor work climate

work

environmen

2.90

rheumatoid

arthritis

Emberland (2017) The Norwegian 96 organizations Norway

Labor and

Welfare

Administration

(NAV)

Emberland (2017) The Norwegian 96 organizations Norway

Labor and

Welfare

Administration

(NAV)

Airaksinen (2017)

The Finnish

Finnish Public

Public Sector Sector study

study (FPS) and (FPS)

the Health and

Social Support

(HeSSup) study

FD Trygd

Finland

5.8 years

12438

41.8

Psychosocial Positive challenge

work

environmen

0.56

5.8 years

12438

41.8

Psychosocial Predictability during the

work

environmen

1.22

2000, 2002, 2004-

2008

65775

43.7

Psychosocial Procedural justice

work

environmen

1.03

Lassemo (2018)

Norway

Oslo-lofoten

study (OsLof)-

statistic norway

2000, 2001-2011

1238

Female

18-66

40.2

(women) ,

40.6 (men)

41.8

Mental

health

problems

potentially traumatic events 1.34

exposed

Emberland (2017) The Norwegian 96 organizations Norway

Labor and

Welfare

Administration

(NAV)

Emberland (2017) The Norwegian 96 organizations Norway

Labor and

Welfare

Administration

(NAV)

5.8 years

12438

Psychosocial Quality of leadership

work

environmen

0.56

5.8 years

12438

41.8

Psychosocial Quality of leadership

work

environmen

0.86

Clausen (2014)

DREAM

Denmark

Project on

Burnout,

Motivation and

Job Satisfaction

(PUMA-I, PUMA-

II, PUMA-III) The

Danish Work

Environment

Cohort Study

(DWECS) The

Copenhagen

Psychosocial

Questionnaire

Study (COPSOQ-

I, COPSOQ-

II)Social and

Health Care

Study (SOSU-I,

SOSU-II, SOSU-

III) Nursing:

Work

Environment,

Wellbeing and

Health (SATH-I,

SATH-II)

The Nordland

health study

Norway

1997-2008,

2008-2010

40554

Psychosocial Quality of leadership

work

environmen

0.91

Stover (2013)

Statistics

Norway

1992- 2007

5749

40-42

Physical

work

demands

Physical

work

demands

Physical

work

demands

Physical

work

demands

Radiation/gases/chemicals

1.21

Stover (2013)

Statistics

Norway

The Nordland

health study

Norway

1992-2007

5749

40-42

Radiation/gases/chemicals

1.24

Stover (2013)

Statistics

Norway

The Nordland

health study

Norway

1992-2007

5749

40-42

Radiation/gases/chemicals

1.27

Stover (2013)

Statistics

Norway

The Nordland

health study

Norway

1992-2007

5749

40-42

Radiation/gases/chemicals

1.34

Airaksinen (2017)

The Finnish

Finnish Public

Public Sector Sector study

study (FPS) and (FPS)

the Health and

Social Support

(HeSSup) study

Finland

2000, 2002, 2004-

2008

65775

43.7

Psychosocial Relational justice

work

environmen

0.96

Pietilainen (2018)

Finnish Centre Finnish National Finland

for Pensions

Institute for

Health and

Welfare, The

Finnish Centre

for pensions,

personnel

city of Helsinki

Finnish Centre Finnish National Finland

for Pensions

Institute for

Health and

Welfare, The

Finnish Centre

for pensions,

personnel

city of Helsinki

Finnish Centre Finnish National Finland

for Pensions

Institute for

Health and

Welfare, The

Finnish Centre

for pensions,

personnel

city of Helsinki

Finnish Centre Finnish National Finland

for Pensions

Institute for

Health and

Welfare, The

Finnish Centre

for pensions,

personnel

1990-2013

170510

Male

Somatic

health

problems

Respiratory disease

1.69

Pietilainen (2018)

1990-2013

170510

Female

Somatic

health

problems

Respiratory disease

1.71

Pietilainen (2018)

1990-2013

170510

Male

Somatic

health

problems

Respiratory disease

1.75

Pietilainen (2018)

1990-2013

170510

Female

Somatic

health

problems

Respiratory disease

1.80

city of Helsinki

Pietilainen (2018)

Finnish Centre Finnish National Finland

for Pensions

Institute for

Health and

Welfare, The

Finnish Centre

for pensions,

personnel

city of Helsinki

Finnish Centre Finnish National Finland

for Pensions

Institute for

Health and

Welfare, The

Finnish Centre

for pensions,

personnel

city of Helsinki

Finnish Centre Finnish National Finland

for Pensions

Institute for

Health and

Welfare, The

Finnish Centre

for pensions,

personnel

city of Helsinki

Finnish Centre Finnish National Finland

for Pensions

Institute for

Health and

Welfare, The

Finnish Centre

for pensions,

personnel

1990-2013

170510

Male

Somatic

health

problems

Respiratory disease

1.80

Pietilainen (2018)

1990-2013

170510

Male

Somatic

health

problems

Respiratory disease

1.81

Pietilainen (2018)

1990-2013

170510

Female

Somatic

health

problems

Respiratory disease

1.82

Pietilainen (2018)

1990-2013

170510

Female

Somatic

health

problems

Respiratory disease

1.93

city of Helsinki

Gustafsson (2014) Swedish Social Swedish Surveys Sweden

Insurance

of Living

Agency

Conditions

(SSLC)

Albertsen (2007)

DREAM

Danish Work

Environment

Cohort Study

(DWECS)

Danish Work

Environment

Cohort Study

(DWECS)

Denmark

1991–2003

10936

Female

16-43

Somatic

health

problems

Respiratory disease

1.35

1995-2004

5940

Male

38.8

(women),

38.6 (men)

Psychosocial Responsibility

work

environmen

Psychosocial Responsibility

work

environmen

16-30

Mental

health

problems

Retardation

1.05

Albertsen (2007)

DREAM

Denmark

1995-2004

5940

Female

38.8

(women),

38.6 (men)

1.42

Sweden

Niederkrotenthaler Swedish Social Individuals

(2016)

Insurance

treated for

Agency

inpatient suicide

attempt

Sweden

Niederkrotenthaler Swedish Social Individuals

(2016)

Insurance

treated for

Agency

inpatient suicide

attempt

Helgesson (2017)

Swedish Social Statistics

Sweden

Insurance

Agency

Sweden

1995–2010

5649

2.37

1995–2010

5649

16-30

Mental

health

problems

Retardation

3.38

2005-2011

1753544 No

20-35

Mental

health

problems

Mental

health

problems

Retardation

19.37

Brenner (2014)

Swedish Social The Longitudinal Sweden

Insurance

Investigations

Institution

into Supportive

and Ancillary

health services

(LISA)

2006-2010

4750

Retardation

3.59

Upmark (1999)

Swedish Social Conscripted into Sweden

military service

Insurance

Agency

Swedish Social Conscripted into Sweden

military service

Insurance

Agency

Swedish Social Conscripted into Sweden

military service

Insurance

Agency

Swedish Social Conscripted into Sweden

military service

Insurance

Agency

1969, 1970-1993

49285

Male

18-21

Health

behaviour

Risky use of alcohol

1.80

Upmark (1999)

1969, 1970-1993

49285

Male

18-21

Health

behaviour

Risky use of alcohol

10.2

Upmark (1999)

1969, 1970-1993

49285

Male

18-21

Health

behaviour

Risky use of alcohol

2.20

Upmark (1999)

1969, 1970-1993

49285

Male

18-21

Health

behaviour

Risky use of alcohol

20.1

Emberland (2017) The Norwegian 96 organizations Norway

Labor and

Welfare

Administration

(NAV)

Sundstrup (2018) a DREAM

Denmark

Copenhagen

Aging and

midlife Biobank

(CAMB)

5.8 years

12438

41.8

Psychosocial Role clarity

work

environmen

0.70

2009, 2011, 2015

5076

54.3

Psychosocial Role conflict

work

environmen

Psychosocial Role conflict

work

environmen

1.31

Emberland (2017) The Norwegian 96 organizations Norway

Labor and

Welfare

Administration

(NAV)

Jensen (2012)

DREAM

PENSAM

Denmark

5.8 years

12438

41.8

1.55

1993-2008

3332

41.9

Physical

work

demands

Mental

health

problems

Rated perceived exertion

(range 0-14)

1.23

Brenner (2014)

Swedish Social The Longitudinal Sweden

Insurance

Investigations

Institution

into Supportive

and Ancillary

health services

(LISA)

2006-2010

4750

schizophrenia

1.06

Sweden

Niederkrotenthaler Swedish Social Individuals

(2016)

Insurance

treated for

Institution

inpatient suicide

attempt

Kouzis (2000)

Self reported

National

Institute of

Mental Health

Epidemiologic

Catchment Area

ECA Survey

Sweden

1995–2010

5649

16-30

Mental

health

problems

schizophrenia

5.41

1 year

11981

>18

Mental

health

problems

schizophrenia

4.50

Helgesson (2017)

Swedish Social Statistics

Sweden

Insurance

Institution

The Kuopio

Ischemic Heart

Disease Risk

Factor Study

(KIHD)

2005-2011

1753544 No

20-35

Mental

health

problems

Physical

work

demands

schizophrenia

38.85

Karpansalo (2002) Social

Insurance

Institution

Finland

1984-2000

1755

Male

42-65

Sitting

0.54

Solovieva (2018)

Finnish Centre Population

for Pensions

based study

Finland

2005- 2013

1135654 Male

30-60

Physical

work

demands

Physical

work

demands

Somatic

health

problems

Physical

work

demands

Sitting

0.28

Solovieva (2018)

Finnish Centre Population

for Pensions

based study

Finland

2005- 2013

1135654 Female

30-60

Sitting

0.35

Siebert (2001)

Workers

pension fund

Germany

Employees of

the construction

industry

Danish Work

Environment

Cohort Study

(DWECS)

Danish Work

Environment

Cohort Study

(DWECS)

Denmark

1986-1994

10809

Male

15-64

Skin disease

1.44

Labriola (2009) b

DREAM

1990-2006

8289

Female

18-59

Squatting and kneeling

1.39

Labriola (2009) b

DREAM

Denmark

1990-2006

8289

Male

18-59

Physical

work

demands

Squatting and kneeling

1.41

Airaksinen (2017)

The Finnish

Finnish Public

Public Sector Sector study

study (FPS) and (FPS)

the Health and

Social Support

(HeSSup) study

Finland

2000, 2002, 2004-

2008

65775

43.7

Psychosocial Support for innovation

work

environmen

1.003

Emberland (2017) The Norwegian 96 organizations Norway

Labor and

Welfare

Administration

(NAV)

Airaksinen (2017)

The Finnish

Finnish Public

Public Sector Sector study

study (FPS) and (FPS)

the Health and

Social Support

(HeSSup) study

DREAM

Danish Work

Environment

Cohort Study

(DWECS)

Mini-Finland

Health Survey

Finland

5.8 years

12438

41.8

Psychosocial Support for innovation

work

environmen

1.04

2000, 2002, 2004-

2008

65775

43.7

Psychosocial Task orientation

work

environmen

0.98

Albertsen (2007)

Denmark

1995-2004

5940

Female

38.8

(women),

38.6 (men)

Psychosocial Teasing

work

environmen

30-64

Health

behaviour

Trunk extension

performance

Trunk flexion performance

0.89

Rissanen (2002)

Social

Insurance

Institution

Social

Insurance

Institution

Self reported

Finland

1982-1994

535

0.72

Rissanen (2002)

Mini-Finland

Health Survey

Finland

1982-1994

535

30-64

Health

behaviour

0.63

Hoivik (2013)

Norway

Inflammatory

Bowel in

Southern

Eastern Norway

cohort +

Statistics

Norway,

Norwegian

Labour and

Welfare

Administration

1990-1993,

2000-2003

501

41.9

Somatic

health

problems

Ulcerative colitis (UC)

1.80

(background

population)

Kivimaki (2007)

Swedish Social Entire working Sweden

Insurance

population of a

Agency

Swedish county

Danish Work

Environment

Cohort Study

(DWECS)

Danish Work

Environment

Cohort Study

(DWECS)

The Nordland

health study

Denmark

1985-1996

176629

16-49

Somatic

health

problems

Urinary disease

4.25

Christensen (2008) DREAM

1995,2000-2006

8298

Female

18-59

Psychosocial Variation in work

work

environmen

Psychosocial Variation in work

work

environmen

Psychosocial Variation in work

work

environmen

Somatic

health

problems

Venous thromboembolism

1.49

Christensen (2008) DREAM

Denmark

1995,2000-2006

8298

Male

18-59

1.95

Stover (2013)

Statistics

Norway

1992-2007

5749

40-42

1.56

Braekkan (2016)

The National

Insurance

Administration

(NIA)

Self reported

The Nord-

Trøndelag

Health Study

(HUNT)

A sample of

male Dutch

construction

workers

A sample of

male Dutch

construction

workers

Danish Work

Environment

Norway

1994,1997-2008

66005

41.3

1.62

Alavinia (2009)

The Nether

2002-2004

850

Male

48.4

Physical

work

demands

Vibration

1.15

Alavinia (2009)

Self reported

The Nether

2002-2004

850

Male

48.4

Physical

work

demands

Vibration

1.15

Tuchsen (2010)

DREAM

Denmark

2000-2006

4215

Male

38.17

Physical

work

demands

Vibration

1.89

Cohort Study

(DWECS)

Sundstrup (2017)

DREAM

Denmark

Copenhagen

Aging and

midlife Biobank

(CAMB)

The Nordland

health study

Norway

2009-2015

5076

54.3

Physical

work

demands

Vibration

1.89

Stover (2013)

Statistics

Norway

1992-2007

5749

40-42

Physical

work

demands

Vibration

1.76

Hinkka (2013)

Actuary

All Well at Work Finland

Division of

survey 2000

State Treasury (civil servants)

7 years

967

45.1

23-65

Psychosocial Violence

work

environmen

Psychosocial Violence

work

environmen

Psychosocial Vision

work

environmen

2.38

Albertsen (2007)

DREAM

Danish Work

Environment

Cohort Study

(DWECS)

Denmark

1995-2004

5940

Female

38.8

(women),

38.6 (men)

1.84

Airaksinen (2017)

The Finnish

Finnish Public

Public Sector Sector study

study (FPS) and (FPS)

the Health and

Social Support

(HeSSup) study

Statistics

Norway

The Nordland

health study

Finland

2000, 2002, 2004-

2008

65775

43.7

0.98

Stover (2013)

Norway

1992- 2007

5749

40-42

Physical

work

demands

Visually intensive work

1.10

Ahola (2011)

Finnish Centre The Health 2000 Finland

for Pensions

survey

2000-2007

3164

30-58

Psychosocial Weekly hours < 35

work

environmen

Psychosocial Work pressure

work

environmen

Psychosocial Work stress

work

1.23

Hinkka (2013)

Actuary

All Well at Work Finland

Division of

survey 2000

State Treasury (civil servants)

7 years

967

45.1

23-65

1.51

Rissanen (2002)

Social

Insurance

Institution

Mini-Finland

Health Survey

Finland

1982-1994

535

30-64

1.33

environmen

Karkkainen (2013) Social

Insurance

Institution

Finnish Twin

Cohort

Finland

1975-2004

16028

18-64

Psychosocial Work stress

work

environmen

Psychosocial Work stress

work

environmen

1.06

Hagen (2006)

The National

Insurance

Administration

(NIA)

Norway

The National

Insurance

Administration

(NIA), The Nord-

Trøndelag

Health Study

(HUNT),

Statistics

Norway

Norwegian

Social Science

Data Services

(NSD), Statistics

Norway and The

National

Insurance

Administration

(NIA)

1987 -1993

26832

25-59

0.90

Blekesaune (2005) Statistics

Norway and

The National

Insurance

Administration

(NIA)

1991-1999

19114

62.3

60-67

Psychosocial Work stress

work

environmen

1.17

Ahola (2011)

Finnish Centre The Health 2000 Finland

survey

for Pensions

2000-2007

3164

30-58

Psychosocial Working overtime

work

environmen

Psychosocial Working overtime

work

environmen

Psychosocial Working overtime

work

environmen

0.60

Lahelma (2012)

Finnish Centre Helsinki Health

for Pensions

Study cohort

(HHS)

Finland

2000, 2001, 2002-

2008

6525

Male

40-60

0.95

Lahelma (2012)

Finnish Centre Helsinki Health

for Pensions

Study cohort

(HHS)

Finland

2000, 2001, 2002-

2008

6525

Female

40-60

1.02

Appendiks 6. Studiekarakteristik af de inkluderede studier samt estimater, som er med i metaanalyserne

Reference

Roy (2018)

Outcome

measure

Self reported

Cohorts

Country

Follow-up

1992-2010

Population Stratified

4128

Mean age

Median

age

>50

Domain

Health

behaviour

Factor

Physical Activity

Estimate

1.08

Health and

Retirement Study

(HRS)

Korea

Korean

Longitudinal Study

of Ageing (KLoSA)

Musculoskeletal Denmark

reserach database

(MRD)

Lee (2018)

Self reported

2006-2014

2708

54.44

Health

behaviour

Physical Activity

0.70

Sommer (2016)

DREAM

2001-2004

25292

18-64

Health

behaviour

Physical Activity

0.49

Samuelsson (2013) a

Sweden

Swedish Social Swedish twin

Insurance Agency study of disability

pension and

sickness absence

(STODS)

Swedish Social Swedish twin

Insurance Agency register,

participate in an

telephone

interview (SALT)

Swedish Social Swedish twin

Insurance Agency register,

participate in an

telephone

interview (SALT)

Swedish Social Swedish twin

Insurance Agency register,

participate in an

telephone

interview (SALT)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Finnish Twin

Cohort

Sweden

1998–2008

28613

52.9

Health

behaviour

Physical Activity

1.03

Ropponen (2014) a

1998-2008

31206

42-64

Health

behaviour

Physical Activity

0.73

Ropponen (2014) a

Sweden

1998-2008

31206

42-64

Health

behaviour

Physical Activity

0.96

Ropponen (2014) a

Sweden

1998-2008

31206

42-64

Health

behaviour

Physical Activity

1.01

Ropponen (2012)

Finland

1975-2004

16028

Female

Health

behaviour

Physical Activity

0.88

Ropponen (2012)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Finnish Twin

Cohort

Finland

1975-2004

16028

Male

Health

behaviour

30-64

Health

behaviour

Health

behaviour

Physical Activity

1.19

Rissanen (2002)

Social Insurance Mini-Finland

Institution

Health Survey

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Helsinki Health

Study cohort

(HHS)

Helsinki Health

Study cohort

(HHS)

Helsinki Health

Study cohort

(HHS)

Helsinki Health

Study cohort

(HHS)

Finland

1982-1994

535

Physical Activity

0.80

Lahti (2013)

Finland

6 years

6275

Male

40-60

Physical Activity

0.20

Lahti (2013)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Finland

6 years

6275

Female

40-60

Health

behaviour

Physical Activity

0.37

Lahti (2013)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Finland

6 years

6275

Female

40-60

Health

behaviour

Physical Activity

0.39

Lahti (2013)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Finland

6 years

6275

Male

40-60

Health

behaviour

Physical Activity

0.56

Husemoen (2004)

Danish Statistics Copenhagen City Denmark

Heart Study, The

Glostrup

Population

Studies, The

Copenhagen Male

Study

Swedish Social Eight population- Sweden

Insurance Agency based cohorts in

southern and

central Sweden:

The Men Born in

1913, the Men

Born in 1923, The

Men Born in 1943,

the Women and

Men Born in 1953,

The Eskil

subsample, The

Uppsala Public

Health Cohort, The

Beda II, The

1980-1985

9035

Female

20-62

Health

behaviour

Physical Activity

0.69

Halford (2012)

1971-2001

11880

Male

52.3 (women),

56.5 (men)

Health

behaviour

Physical Activity

0.69

Uppsala-Örebro

Women Study

Halford (2012)

Swedish Social Eight population- Sweden

Insurance Agency based cohorts in

southern and

central Sweden:

The Men Born in

1913, the Men

Born in 1923, The

Men Born in 1943,

the Women and

Men Born in 1953,

The Eskil

subsample, The

Uppsala Public

Health Cohort, The

Beda II, The

Uppsala-Örebro

Women Study

DREAM

PENSAM

Denmark

1971-2001

11880

Female

52.3 (women),

56.5 (men)

Health

behaviour

Physical Activity

0.69

Jensen (2012)

1993-2008

3332

41.9

Health

behaviour

19-50

Physical Activity

0.94

Laine (2009)

Self reported

Finland

Finnish Public

Sector study (FPS)

2002-2005

25150

40.2

Psychosocial Active jobs (job

strain)

work

environment

1.42

Laine (2009)

Self reported

Finland

Finnish Public

Sector study (FPS)

2002-2005

25150

40.2

19-50

Psychosocial Active Active jobs 1.71

(job strain)

work

environment

Psychosocial Active (job strain) 1.60

work

environment

Psychosocial Active (job strain) 1.60

work

environment

Psychosocial Active (job strain) 1.34

work

environment

Canivet (2013)

Swedish Social Malmö Shoulder

Insurance Agency and Neck Study

(MSNS)

Swedish Social Malmö Shoulder

Insurance Agency and Neck Study

(MSNS)

Finnish Pension The Health 2000

Registers

survey

Sweden

1992, 1994-2005

6540

Male

45-65

Canivet (2013)

Sweden

1992, 1994-2005

6540

Female

45-65

Ahola (2011)

Finland

2000-2007

3164

30-58

Singer (2014)

Self reported

Collected at four Germany

different hospitals

in Germany -

interviews

15 month

491

19-55

Mental

health

problems

Affective disorder 0.80

Singer (2014)

Self reported

Collected at four Germany

different hospitals

in Germany -

interviews

15 month

491

19-55

Mental

health

problems

Affective disorder 3.60

Niederkrotenthaler

(2016)

Swedish Social Individuals treated Sweden

Insurance Agency for inpatient

suicide attempt

The National

Insurance

Administration

(NIA)

The National

Insurance

Administration

(NIA)

Norway

The Nord-

Trøndelag Health

Study (HUNT)

1995–2010

5649

16-30

Mental

health

problems

Mental

health

problems

Affective disorder 2.68

Overland (2008)

18-48 months

37302

20-66

Affective disorder 2.05

Ostby (2014)

Norway

The Norwegian

Institute of Public

Health Twin Panel,

Norwegian

Medical Birth

Registry

Oslo-lofoten study Norway

(OsLof)- statistic

norway

1998–2008

2770

28.2

19-36

Mental

health

problems

Affective disorder 2.36

Lassemo (2016)

The Norwegian

Labor and

Welfare

Administration

(NAV)

The Norwegian

Labor and

Welfare

Administration

(NAV)

Self reported

2000, 2001-2010

1230

Female

(1.5–42.6)

Mental

health

problems

Affective disorder 1.90

Lassemo (2016)

Oslo-lofoten study Norway

(OsLof)- statistic

norway

2000, 2001-2010

1230

Male

(1.5–42.6)

Mental

health

problems

Affective disorder 4.10

Lamberg (2010)

The HeSSup study Finland

2003-2008

14487

20-54

Mental

health

problems

Affective disorder 4.29

Kouzis (2000)

Self reported

National Institute US

of Mental Health

Epidemiologic

Catchment Area

ECA Survey

1 year

11981

>18

Mental

health

problems

Affective disorder 1.40

Karpansalo (2005)

Social Insurance Kuopio ischaemic Finland

Institution

heart disease risk

factor study (KIDH)

Swedish Social Statistics Sweden Sweden

Insurance Agency

1984-2000

1726

Male

51.8

Mental

health

problems

20-35

Mental

health

problems

Mental

health

problems

Affective disorder 1.89

Helgesson (2017)

2005-2011

1753544

Affective disorder 10.42

Ervasti (2016) b

Sweden

Swedish Social The nationwide

Insurance Agency population-based

Insurance

Medicine All-

Sweden (IMAS)

Sweden

Swedish Social Nationwide,

Insurance Agency population-based

registers used:

Statistics Sweden,

The Longitudinal

Investigations into

Supportive and

Ancillary health

services (LISA),

SIA, The National

Board of Health

and Welfare

Danish

Administrative

registers

Danish

Administrative

registers

DREAM

Danish Cancer

Registry

Denmark

2007–2010

53402

43.8

Affective disorder 2.93

Dorner (2015)

2006-2010

4823069

16-64

Mental

health

problems

Affective disorder 15.32

Carlsen (2008)

1981–2000

236993

Female

30-60

Mental

health

problems

Mental

health

problems

Mental

health

problems

Affective disorder 1.97

Carlsen (2008)

Danish Cancer

Registry

Denmark

1981–2000

236993

Male

30-60

Affective disorder 2.11

Bultmann (2008)

Danish Work

Environment

Cohort Study

(DWECS)

Denmark

1996-2005

5106

18-59

Affective disorder 2.90

Arvilommi (2015)

Interviews,

Jorvi Bipolar Study Finland

patient records, (JoBS)

and registers of

the Social

Insurance

Institution of

Finland and the

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Interviews,

Jorvi Bipolar Study Finland

patient records, (JoBS)

and registers of

the Social

Insurance

Institution of

Finland and the

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Finnish Pension The Health 2000

Registers

survey

Finland

18 months

151

35.5

18–59

Mental

health

problems

Affective disorder 1.86

Arvilommi (2015)

18 months

151

35.5

18–59

Mental

health

problems

Affective disorder 2.15

Ahola (2011)

2000-2007

3164

30-58

Mental

health

problems

Mental

health

problems

Affective disorder 2.67

Wedegaertner (2013)

Mettmann

Regional Office

of the AOK

Mettman Regional Germany

Office of the AOK

Rheinland (a

German public

health insurance

company)

Mettman Regional Germany

Office of the AOK

Rheinland (a

German public

health insurance

company)

Sweden

6.4 years

125019

15-57

Affective disorder 1.48

Wedegaertner (2013)

Mettmann

Regional Office

of the AOK

6.4 years

125019

15-57

Mental

health

problems

Affective disorder 3.13

Sidorchuk (2012)

Swedish Social Conscripted into

Insurance Agency military service

1969-2008

49321

Male

18-21

Health

behaviour

Alcohol

consumption

(high)

Alcohol

consumption

(high)

1.98

Lee (2018)

Self reported

Korea

Korean

Longitudinal Study

of Ageing (KLoSA)

2006-2014

2708

54.44

Health

behaviour

1.18

Samuelsson (2013) a

Sweden

Swedish Social Swedish twin

Insurance Agency study of disability

pension and

sickness absence

(STODS)

Sweden

Swedish Social Swedish twin

Insurance Agency study of disability

pension and

sickness absence

(STODS)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Helsinki Health

Study cohort

(HHS)

Helsinki Health

Study cohort

(HHS)

Helsinki Health

Study cohort

(HHS)

Finland

1998–2008

28613

52.9

Health

behaviour

Alcohol

consumption

(high)

1.12

Samuelsson (2013) a

1998–2008

28613

52.9

Health

behaviour

Alcohol

consumption

(high)

1.27

Salonsalmi (2012)

2002-2010

6275

40-60

Health

behaviour

Alcohol

consumption

(high)

Alcohol

consumption

(high)

Alcohol

consumption

(high)

Alcohol

consumption

(high)

1.02

Salonsalmi (2012)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Finland

2002-2010

6275

40-60

Health

behaviour

1.36

Salonsalmi (2012)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Finland

2002-2010

6275

40-60

Health

behaviour

1.43

Ropponen (2014) a

Swedish Social Swedish twin

Insurance Agency register,

participate in an

telephone

interview (SALT)

Swedish Social Swedish twin

Insurance Agency register,

participate in an

telephone

interview (SALT)

Swedish Social Swedish twin

Insurance Agency register,

participate in an

telephone

interview (SALT)

Sweden

1998-2008

31206

42-64

Health

behaviour

0.64

Ropponen (2014) a

Sweden

1998-2008

31206

42-64

Health

behaviour

Alcohol

consumption

(high)

0.69

Ropponen (2014) a

Sweden

1998-2008

31206

42-64

Health

behaviour

Alcohol

consumption

(high)

0.79

Robroek (2013)

Longitudinal

Survey of Health, Europe

survey of Health, Ageing and

Ageing, and

Retirement in

Europe (SHARE)

2004, 2005-2008,

2009

4923

55.2

50-64

Health

behaviour

Alcohol

consumption

(high)

1.51

Retirement in

Europe (SHARE)

Robroek (2015)

Dutch Tax

Permanent Survey The

Netherlands

on Living

Conditions (POLS)

1999–2008

14708

Health

behaviour

Alcohol

consumption

(high)

Alcohol

consumption

(high)

Alcohol

consumption

(high)

Alcohol

consumption

(high)

0.85

Mansson (1999)

Sweden

Swedish Social Five complete

Insurance Agency birth-year cohorts

1975-1986

3751

Male

48.1

Health

behaviour

2.10

Lundin (2016)

Swedish Social Swedish Total

Insurance Agency Population

Sweden

2004-2010

12064

18-60

Health

behaviour

1.63

Korhonen (2015)

Finland

Social Insurance Finnish Twin

Institution

Cohort and

Central Population

Registry

Finland

Social Insurance Finnish Twin

Institution

Cohort and

Central Population

Registry

Finland

Social Insurance Finnish Twin

Institution

Cohort and

Central Population

Registry

Finland

Social Insurance Finnish Twin

Institution

Cohort and

Central Population

Registry

DREAM

The Danish Health Denmark

and Morbidity

Survey

The Danish Health Denmark

and Morbidity

Survey

The Danish Health Denmark

and Morbidity

Survey

1975-2004

21719

Male

32.6 (men),

33.0 (women)

Health

behaviour

1.33

Korhonen (2015)

1975-2004

21719

Female

32.6 (men),

33.0 (women)

Health

behaviour

Alcohol

consumption

(high)

1.40

Korhonen (2015)

1975-2004

21719

Female

32.6 (men),

33.0 (women)

Health

behaviour

Alcohol

consumption

(high)

1.44

Korhonen (2015)

1975-2004

21719

Male

32.6 (men),

33.0 (women)

Health

behaviour

Alcohol

consumption

(high)

1.49

Jorgensen (2017)

2000-2015

17690

Female

18-60

Health

behaviour

Alcohol

consumption

(high)

Alcohol

consumption

(high)

Alcohol

consumption

(high)

0.59

Jorgensen (2017)

DREAM

2000-2015

17690

Male

18-60

Health

behaviour

0.63

Jorgensen (2017)

DREAM

2000-2015

17690

Female

18-60

Health

behaviour

0.93

Jorgensen (2017)

DREAM

The Danish Health Denmark

and Morbidity

Survey

2000-2015

17690

Male

18-60

Health

behaviour

Alcohol

consumption

(high)

Alcohol

consumption

(high)

1.54

Husemoen (2004)

Danish Statistics Copenhagen City Denmark

Heart Study, The

Glostrup

Population

Studies, The

Copenhagen Male

Study

The National

Insurance

Administration

(NIA)

National Insurance Norway

Adminstration

NIA, The Nord-

Trøndelag Health

Study (HUNT),

Statistics Norway

Finland

1980-1985

9035

Male

20-62

Health

behaviour

3.50

Hagen (2006)

1987 -1993

26832

25-59

Health

behaviour

Alcohol

consumption

(high)

1.20

Ahola (2011)

Finnish Pension The Health 2000

Registers

survey

2000-2007

3164

30-58

Health

behaviour

Alcohol

consumption

(high)

Alcohol

consumption

(none)

1.65

Skogen (2012)

The National

Insurance

Administration

(NIA)

The National

Insurance

Administration

(NIA)

Norway

The Nord-

Trøndelag Health

Study (HUNT)

1995-2004

72395

20-61

Health

behaviour

1.16

Skogen (2012)

Norway

The Nord-

Trøndelag Health

Study (HUNT)

1995-2004

72395

20-61

Health

behaviour

Alcohol

consumption

(none)

1.20

Sidorchuk (2012)

Swedish Social Conscripted into

Insurance Agency military service

Sweden

1969-2008

49321

Male

18-21

Health

behaviour

Alcohol

consumption

(none)

Alcohol

consumption

(none)

1.35

Samuelsson (2013) a

Sweden

Swedish Social Swedish twin

Insurance Agency study of disability

pension and

sickness absence

(STODS)

1998–2008

28613

52.9

Health

behaviour

2.40

Salonsalmi (2012)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Helsinki Health

Study cohort

(HHS)

Helsinki Health

Study cohort

(HHS)

Finland

2002-2010

6275

40-60

Health

behaviour

Alcohol

consumption

(none)

Alcohol

consumption

(none)

Alcohol

consumption

(none)

1.64

Salonsalmi (2012)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Finland

2002-2010

6275

40-60

Health

behaviour

1.94

Ropponen (2014) a

Swedish Social Swedish twin

Insurance Agency register,

participate in an

telephone

interview (SALT)

Swedish Social Swedish twin

Insurance Agency register,

participate in an

telephone

interview (SALT)

Swedish Social Swedish twin

Insurance Agency register,

participate in an

telephone

interview (SALT)

Sweden

1998-2008

31206

42-64

Health

behaviour

0.88

Ropponen (2014) a

Sweden

1998-2008

31206

42-64

Health

behaviour

Alcohol

consumption

(none)

1.25

Ropponen (2014) a

Sweden

1998-2008

31206

42-64

Health

behaviour

Alcohol

consumption

(none)

1.53

Mansson (1999)

Sweden

Swedish Social Five complete

Insurance Agency birth-year cohorts

1975-1986

3751

Male

48.1

Health

behaviour

Alcohol

consumption

(none)

Alcohol

consumption

(none)

1.80

Korhonen (2015)

Finland

Social Insurance Finnish Twin

Institution

Cohort and

Central Population

Registry

Finland

Social Insurance Finnish Twin

Institution

Cohort and

Central Population

Registry

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

The Health 2000

survey

Finland

1975-2004

21719

Male

32.6 (men),

33.0 (women)

Health

behaviour

1.17

Korhonen (2015)

1975-2004

21719

Female

32.6 (men),

33.0 (women)

Health

behaviour

Alcohol

consumption

(none)

1.32

Kaila-Kangas (2015)

2000-2011

3621

30-55

Health

behaviour

Alcohol

consumption

(none)

1.05

Kaila-Kangas (2015)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

The Health 2000

survey

Finland

2000-2011

3621

30-55

Health

behaviour

Alcohol

consumption

(none)

Alcohol

consumption

(none)

Alcohol

consumption

(none)

Alcohol

consumption

(none)

Alcohol

consumption

(none)

AnyMental

disorder

1.52

Jorgensen (2017)

DREAM

The Danish Health Denmark

and Morbidity

Survey

The Danish Health Denmark

and Morbidity

Survey

The Danish Health Denmark

and Morbidity

Survey

The Danish Health Denmark

and Morbidity

Survey

Finnish National Finland

Institute for

Health and

Welfare, The

finnish centre for

pensions,

personnel register

of the city of

Helsinki

Finnish National Finland

Institute for

Health and

Welfare, The

finnish centre for

pensions,

personnel register

of the city of

Helsinki

Finnish National Finland

Institute for

Health and

Welfare, The

finnish centre for

pensions,

2000-2015

17690

Male

18-60

Health

behaviour

2.72

Jorgensen (2017)

DREAM

2000-2015

17690

Female

18-60

Health

behaviour

2.76

Jorgensen (2017)

DREAM

2000-2015

17690

Male

18-60

Health

behaviour

2.78

Jorgensen (2017)

DREAM

2000-2015

17690

Female

18-60

Health

behaviour

2.82

Pietilainen (2018)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

1990-2013

170510

Female

Mental

health

problems

11.02

Pietilainen (2018)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

1990-2013

170510

Female

Mental

health

problems

AnyMental

disorder

12.81

Pietilainen (2018)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

1990-2013

170510

Male

Mental

health

problems

AnyMental

disorder

14.58

personnel register

of the city of

Helsinki

Pietilainen (2018)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Finnish National Finland

Institute for

Health and

Welfare, The

finnish centre for

pensions,

personnel register

of the city of

Helsinki

1990-2013

170510

Female

Mental

health

problems

AnyMental

disorder

14.73

Pietilainen (2018)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Finnish National Finland

Institute for

Health and

Welfare, The

finnish centre for

pensions,

personnel register

of the city of

Helsinki

Finnish National Finland

Institute for

Health and

Welfare, The

finnish centre for

pensions,

personnel register

of the city of

Helsinki

Finnish National Finland

Institute for

Health and

Welfare, The

finnish centre for

pensions,

personnel register

1990-2013

170510

Male

Mental

health

problems

AnyMental

disorder

6.46

Pietilainen (2018)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

1990-2013

170510

Female

Mental

health

problems

AnyMental

disorder

7.27

Pietilainen (2018)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

1990-2013

170510

Male

Mental

health

problems

AnyMental

disorder

8.72

of the city of

Helsinki

Pietilainen (2018)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Finnish National Finland

Institute for

Health and

Welfare, The

finnish centre for

pensions,

personnel register

of the city of

Helsinki

Sweden

1990-2013

170510

Male

Mental

health

problems

AnyMental

disorder

9.42

Kivimaki (2007)

Swedish Social Entire working

Insurance Agency population of a

Swedish county

1985-1996

176629

16-49

Mental

health

problems

Mental

health

problems

Mental

health

problems

AnyMental

disorder

8.68

Gustafsson (2014)

Swedish Social Swedish Surveys Sweden

Insurance Agency of Living

Conditions (SSLC)

Sweden

Swedish Social The nationwide

Insurance Agency population-based

Insurance

Medicine All-

Sweden (IMAS)

Swedish Social Conscripted into

Insurance Agency military service

Sweden

1991–2003

10936

Female

16-43

AnyMental

disorder

8.77

Ervasti (2016) b

2007–2010

53402

43.8

AnyMental

disorder

2.04

Upmark (1999)

1969, 1970-1993

49285

Male

18-21

Mental

health

problems

Mental

health

problems

Mental

health

problems

Mental

health

problems

AnyMental

disorder

14.6

Upmark (1999)

Swedish Social Conscripted into

Insurance Agency military service

Sweden

1969, 1970-1993

49285

Male

18-21

AnyMental

disorder

5.40

Upmark (1999)

Swedish Social Conscripted into

Insurance Agency military service

Sweden

1969, 1970-1993

49285

Male

18-21

AnyMental

disorder

7.50

Upmark (1999)

Swedish Social Conscripted into

Insurance Agency military service

Sweden

1969, 1970-1993

49285

Male

18-21

AnyMental

disorder

7.70

Dorner (2015)

Sweden

Swedish Social Nationwide,

Insurance Agency population-based

registers used:

Statistics Sweden,

The Longitudinal

Investigations into

Supportive and

Ancillary health

services (LISA),

SIA, The National

Board of Health

and Welfare

Finnish Pension The Health 2000

Registers

survey

Finland

2006-2010

4823069

16-64

Mental

health

problems

AnyMental

disorder

11.71

Ahola (2011)

2000-2007

3164

30-58

Mental

health

problems

Mental

health

problems

AnyMental

disorder

3.63

Tinghog (2014)

Sweden

Swedish Social PAR

Insurance Agency (hospitalization or

outpatient

specialist visit due

to MS as a main or

secondary

diagnosis during

2000-2005)

Sweden

Swedish Social PAR

Insurance Agency (hospitalization or

outpatient

specialist visit due

to MS as a main or

secondary

diagnosis during

2000-2005)

DREAM

Copenhagen Aging Denmark

and midlife

Biobank (CAMB)

Copenhagen Aging Denmark

and midlife

Biobank (CAMB)

2006–2010

4976693

17-64

AnyMental

disorder

1.56

Tinghog (2014)

2006–2010

4976693

17-64

Mental

health

problems

AnyMental

disorder

6.15

Sundstrup (2018) a

2009, 2011, 2015

5076

54.3

Physical

work

demands

Physical

work

demands

Body exposure

2.50

Sundstrup (2018) a

DREAM

2009, 2011, 2015

5076

54.3

Body exposure

3.06

Sundstrup (2018) a

DREAM

Copenhagen Aging Denmark

and midlife

Biobank (CAMB)

Finland

2009, 2011, 2015

5076

54.3

Physical

work

demands

Physical

work

demands

Physical

work

demands

Body exposure

4.23

Karkkainen (2013)

Social Insurance Finnish Twin

Cohort

Institution

1975-2004

16028

18-64

Body exposure

1.19

Labriola (2009) b

DREAM

Danish Work

Environment

Cohort Study

(DWECS)

Danish Work

Environment

Cohort Study

(DWECS)

Denmark

1990-2006

8289

Female

18-59

Body exposure

1.01

Labriola (2009) b

DREAM

Denmark

1990-2006

8289

Female

18-59

Physical

work

demands

Body exposure

1.90

Husemoen (2004)

Danish Statistics Copenhagen City Denmark

Heart Study, The

Glostrup

Population

Studies, The

Copenhagen Male

Study

Danish Statistics Copenhagen City Denmark

Heart Study, The

Glostrup

Population

Studies, The

Copenhagen Male

Study

Danish Statistics Copenhagen City Denmark

Heart Study, The

Glostrup

Population

Studies, The

Copenhagen Male

Study

Danish Statistics Copenhagen City Denmark

Heart Study, The

Glostrup

Population

1980-1985

9035

Male

20-62

Physical

work

demands

Body exposure

1.65

Husemoen (2004)

1980-1985

9035

Female

20-62

Physical

work

demands

Body exposure

2.05

Husemoen (2004)

1980-1985

9035

Male

20-62

Physical

work

demands

Body exposure

2.64

Husemoen (2004)

1980-1985

9035

Female

20-62

Physical

work

demands

Body exposure

2.90

100

Studies, The

Copenhagen Male

Study

Fimland (2018)

The National

Insurance

Administration

(NIA)

The National

Insurance

Administration

(NIA)

The Norwegian

Labor and

Welfare

Administration

(NAV)

Self reported

Norway

The Nord-

Trøndelag Health

Study (HUNT)

Median: 9.3 years

32362

20-65

Physical

work

demands

Body exposure

1.26

Fimland (2018)

Norway

The Nord-

Trøndelag Health

Study (HUNT)

Median: 9.3 years

32362

20-65

Physical

work

demands

Body exposure

1.44

Emberland (2017)

96 organizations

Norway

5.8 years

12438

41.8

Physical

work

Demands

Body exposure

1.21

Alavinia (2009)

A sample of male The Nether

lands

Dutch

construction

workers

A sample of male The Nether

lands

Dutch

construction

workers

The Health 2000

survey

Finland

2002-2004

850

Male

48.4

Physical

work

demands

Body exposure

1.69

Alavinia (2009)

Self reported

2002-2004

850

Male

48.4

Physical

work

demands

Body exposure

1.70

Shiri (2018)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

2001-2011

3676

44.2

30-60

Physical

work

demands

Physical

work

demands

Body exposure

1.55

Sundstrup (2017)

DREAM

Copenhagen Aging Denmark

and midlife

Biobank (CAMB)

Health and

Retirement Study

(HRS)

Sweden

2009-2015

5076

54.3

Body exposure

1.38

Roy (2018)

Self reported

1992-2010

4128

>=50

Somatic

health

problems

Somatic

health

problems

Cancer

0.92

Lundh (2014)

Swedish Social The Swedish

Insurance Agency Cancer Register,

The regional

Breast Cancer

3 years

2641

Female

25-62

Cancer

1.60

101

Quality Register

(BCQR)

Horsboel (2014)

DREAM

Danish Cancer

Registry, The

Danish Civil

Registration

system (CRS)

Danish Cancer

Registry, The

Danish Civil

Registration

system (CRS)

Danish Cancer

Registry, The

Danish Civil

Registration

system (CRS)

Danish Cancer

Registry, The

Danish Civil

Registration

system (CRS)

Danish Cancer

Registry, The

Danish Civil

Registration

system (CRS)

Danish Cancer

Registry, The

Danish Civil

Registration

system (CRS)

Danish Cancer

Registry, The

Danish Civil

Registration

system (CRS)

Denmark

2000, 2007-2012

31821

19-55

Somatic

health

problems

Cancer

2.20

Horsboel (2014)

DREAM

Denmark

2000, 2007-2012

31821

19-55

Somatic

health

problems

Cancer

3.01

Horsboel (2014)

DREAM

Denmark

2000, 2007-2012

31821

19-55

Somatic

health

problems

Cancer

3.20

Horsboel (2014)

DREAM

Denmark

2000, 2007-2012

31821

19-55

Somatic

health

problems

Cancer

3.24

Horsboel (2014)

DREAM

Denmark

2000, 2007-2012

31821

19-55

Somatic

health

problems

Cancer

3.45

Horsboel (2014)

DREAM

Denmark

2000, 2007-2012

31821

19-55

Somatic

health

problems

Cancer

4.21

Horsboel (2014)

DREAM

Denmark

2000, 2007-2012

31821

19-55

Somatic

health

problems

Cancer

5.38

102

Horsboel (2014)

DREAM

Danish Cancer

Registry, The

Danish Civil

Registration

system (CRS)

Denmark

2000, 2007-2012

31821

19-55

Somatic

health

problems

Cancer

8.93

Hauglann (2014)

The Norwegian

Labor and

Welfare

Administration

(NAV)

Norway

The Cancer

Registry of

Norway (CRN), the

Event data base

(FD-Trygd) of

Statistics Norway

(SSB), The

Norwegian

Population

Registry

1992-2005

1480

45-54

Somatic

health

problems

Cancer

1.53

Everhov (2016)

Sweden

Swedish Social The Swedish

Insurance Agency Cancer Register &

The Swedish

National Patient

Swedish Social Uppsala/Örebro Sweden

Insurance Agency Regional Quality

Cancer

Workers pension Employees of the Germany

fund

construction

industry

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Finnish National Finland

Institute for

Health and

Welfare, The

finnish centre for

pensions,

personnel register

of the city of

Helsinki

2003,2009-2013

1971

Female

Somatic

health

problems

Cancer

2.40

Eaker (2011)

1992-2006

4762

Female

20-59

Somatic

health

problems

Cancer

1.47

Siebert (2001)

1986-1994

10809

Male

15-64

Somatic

health

problems

Somatic

health

problems

Cardiovascular

disease

2.60

Pietilainen (2018)

1990-2013

170510

Female

Cardiovascular

disease

1.76

103

Pietilainen (2018)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Finnish National Finland

Institute for

Health and

Welfare, The

finnish centre for

pensions,

personnel register

of the city of

Helsinki

Finnish National Finland

Institute for

Health and

Welfare, The

finnish centre for

pensions,

personnel register

of the city of

Helsinki

Finnish National Finland

Institute for

Health and

Welfare, The

finnish centre for

pensions,

personnel register

of the city of

Helsinki

Finnish National Finland

Institute for

Health and

Welfare, The

finnish centre for

pensions,

personnel register

of the city of

Helsinki

Finnish National Finland

Institute for

Health and

Welfare, The

finnish centre for

pensions,

1990-2013

170510

Female

Somatic

health

problems

Cardiovascular

disease

1.82

Pietilainen (2018)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

1990-2013

170510

Female

Somatic

health

problems

Cardiovascular

disease

1.87

Pietilainen (2018)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

1990-2013

170510

Female

Somatic

health

problems

Cardiovascular

disease

2.40

Pietilainen (2018)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

1990-2013

170510

Male

Somatic

health

problems

Cardiovascular

disease

3.18

Pietilainen (2018)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

1990-2013

170510

Male

Somatic

health

problems

Cardiovascular

disease

3.27

104

personnel register

of the city of

Helsinki

Pietilainen (2018)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Finnish National Finland

Institute for

Health and

Welfare, The

finnish centre for

pensions,

personnel register

of the city of

Helsinki

Finnish National Finland

Institute for

Health and

Welfare, The

finnish centre for

pensions,

personnel register

of the city of

Helsinki

Helsinki Health

Study cohort

(HHS)

Finland

1990-2013

170510

Male

Somatic

health

problems

Cardiovascular

disease

3.42

Pietilainen (2018)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

1990-2013

170510

Male

Somatic

health

problems

Cardiovascular

disease

3.91

Virtanen (2017) b

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

6.2 years

6283

49.2

Somatic

health

problems

Somatic

health

problems

Cardiovascular

disease

2.05

Zetterstrom (2015)

Sweden

Swedish Social Swedehart

Insurance Agency register, national

board of health

and welfares

national patient

1994-2003

34643

Male

30-63

Cardiovascular

disease

0.96

Zetterstrom (2015)

Sweden

Swedish Social Swedehart

Insurance Agency register, national

board of health

and welfares

national patient

1994-2003

34643

Female

30-63

Somatic

health

problems

Cardiovascular

disease

0.98

105

Zetterstrom (2015)

Sweden

Swedish Social Swedehart

Insurance Agency register, national

board of health

and welfares

national patient

Sweden

Swedish Social Swedehart

Insurance Agency register, national

board of health

and welfares

national patient

Self reported

Maastricht cohort Netherland

(MCS)

1994-2003

34643

Female

30-63

Somatic

health

problems

Cardiovascular

disease

1.05

Zetterstrom (2015)

1994-2003

34643

Male

30-63

Somatic

health

problems

Cardiovascular

disease

1.13

vanderBurg (2014)

1998-2008

12140

Somatic

health

problems

Somatic

health

problems

Cardiovascular

disease

6.48

Ervasti (2016) b

Sweden

Swedish Social The nationwide

Insurance Agency population-based

Insurance

Medicine All-

Sweden (IMAS)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Finland

Finnish Public

Sector study (FPS)

2007–2010

53402

43.8

Cardiovascular

disease

1.35

Ervasti (2016) a

2005-2011

14514

50.8

Somatic

health

problems

17-64

Somatic

health

problems

Cardiovascular

disease

1.50

Tinghog (2014)

Sweden

Swedish Social PAR

Insurance Agency (hospitalization or

outpatient

specialist visit due

to MS as a main or

secondary

diagnosis during

2000-2005)

Sweden

Swedish Social PAR

Insurance Agency (hospitalization or

outpatient

specialist visit due

2006–2010

4976693

Cardiovascular

disease

1.09

Tinghog (2014)

2006–2010

4976693

17-64

Somatic

health

problems

Cardiovascular

disease

2.16

106

to MS as a main or

secondary

diagnosis during

2000-2005)

Mittendorfer-Rutz

(2018)

Swedish Social The Longitudinal Sweden

Insurance Agency Investigations into

Supportive and

Ancillary health

services (LISA),

MiDAS, National

patient register,

causes of death

prescribed drug

Swedish Social The Longitudinal Sweden

Insurance Agency Investigations into

Supportive and

Ancillary health

services (LISA),

MiDAS, National

patient register,

causes of death

prescribed drug

Sweden

Swedish Social Swedish twin

Insurance Agency study of disability

pension and

sickness absence

(STODS)

2006-2010

4823069

Female

16-64

Somatic

health

problems

Cardiovascular

disease

4.03

Mittendorfer-Rutz

(2018)

2006-2010

4823069

Male

16-64

Somatic

health

problems

Cardiovascular

disease

4.06

Samuelsson (2013) a

1998–2008

28613

52.9

Health

behaviour

Ex smokers

1.59

Ropponen (2014) a

Swedish Social Swedish twin

Insurance Agency register,

participate in an

telephone

interview (SALT)

Sweden

1998-2008

31206

42-64

Health

behaviour

Ex smokers

1.02

107

Ropponen (2014) a

Swedish Social Swedish twin

Insurance Agency register,

participate in an

telephone

interview (SALT)

Longitudinal

survey of Health,

Ageing, and

Retirement in

Europe (SHARE)

Sweden

1998-2008

31206

42-64

Health

behaviour

Ex smokers

1.23

Robroek (2013)

Survey of Health, Europe

Ageing and

Retirement in

Europe (SHARE)

2004, 2005-2008,

2009

4923

55.2

50-64

Health

behaviour

Ex smokers

1.14

Rissanen (2002)

Social Insurance Mini-Finland

Institution

Health Survey

Finland

1982-1994

535

30-64

Health

behaviour

Health

behaviour

Ex smokers

1.15

Korhonen (2015)

Finland

Social Insurance Finnish Twin

Institution

Cohort and

Central Population

Registry

Finland

Social Insurance Finnish Twin

Institution

Cohort and

Central Population

Registry

Finland

Social Insurance Finnish Twin

Institution

Cohort and

Central Population

Registry

Finland

Social Insurance Finnish Twin

Institution

Cohort and

Central Population

Registry

Self reported

Korea

Korean

Longitudinal Study

of Ageing (KLoSA)

1975-2004

21719

Female

32.6 (men),

33.0 (women)

Ex smokers

0.87

Korhonen (2015)

1975-2004

21719

Female

32.6 (men),

33.0 (women)

Health

behaviour

Ex smokers

0.88

Korhonen (2015)

1975-2004

21719

Male

32.6 (men),

33.0 (women)

Health

behaviour

Ex smokers

1.42

Korhonen (2015)

1975-2004

21719

Male

32.6 (men),

33.0 (women)

Health

behaviour

Ex smokers

1.44

Kang (2015)

2006-2010

3371

54.33

Health

behaviour

Ex smokers

1.47

Husemoen (2004)

Danish Statistics Copenhagen City Denmark

Heart Study, The

Glostrup

Population

Studies, The

Copenhagen Male

Study

1980-1985

9035

Female

20-62

Health

behaviour

Ex smokers

0.51

108

Husemoen (2004)

Danish Statistics Copenhagen City Denmark

Heart Study, The

Glostrup

Population

Studies, The

Copenhagen Male

Study

Danish Statistics Copenhagen City Denmark

Heart Study, The

Glostrup

Population

Studies, The

Copenhagen Male

Study

Danish Statistics Copenhagen City Denmark

Heart Study, The

Glostrup

Population

Studies, The

Copenhagen Male

Study

National Register The Hordaland

of Health

Health Study

Insurance

(HUSK)

National Register The Hordaland

of Health

Health Study

(HUSK)

Insurance

DREAM

Danish Work

Environment

Cohort Study

(DWECS)

Danish Work

Environment

Cohort Study

(DWECS)

Norway

1980-1985

9035

Male

20-62

Health

behaviour

Ex smokers

1.44

Husemoen (2004)

1980-1985

9035

Male

20-62

Health

behaviour

Ex smokers

1.80

Husemoen (2004)

1980-1985

9035

Female

20-62

Health

behaviour

Ex smokers

2.33

Haukenes (2013)

1999-2004

16422

Male

40-46

Health

behaviour

Ex smokers

0.83

Haukenes (2013)

Norway

1999-2004

16422

Female

40-46

Health

behaviour

Ex smokers

1.15

Lund (2010)

Denmark

1990-2006

8287

Male

18-59

Health

behaviour

Ex smokers

0.86

Lund (2010)

DREAM

Denmark

1990-2006

8287

Female

18-59

Health

behaviour

Ex smokers

0.96

Ropponen (2014) a

Swedish Social Swedish twin

Insurance Agency register,

participate in an

Sweden

1998-2008

31206

42-64

Health

behaviour

Ex smokers

1.37

109

telephone

interview (SALT)

Ropponen (2013) b

Swedish Social Swedish Twin

Insurance Agency Register

Sweden

1993-2008

24543

32-62

Psychosocial High job control

work

environment

Psychosocial High job control

work

environment

Psychosocial High job control

work

environment

Psychosocial High job control

work

environment

Psychosocial High job control

work

environment

Psychosocial High job control

work

environment

0.85

Markkula (2017)

Self reported

The Health 2000

survey

Finland

2000-2011

275

30-63

0.42

Lahelma (2012)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Helsinki Health

Study cohort

(HHS)

Helsinki Health

Study cohort

(HHS)

Finland

2000, 2001, 2002-

2008

6525

Male

40-60

0.75

Lahelma (2012)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Finland

2000, 2001, 2002-

2008

6525

Female

40-60

1.13

Hinkka (2013)

Actuary Division All Well at Work Finland

of State Treasury survey 2000 (civil

servants)

The Norwegian

Labor and

Welfare

Administration

(NAV)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

96 organizations

Norway

7 years

967

45.1

23-65

0.25

Emberland (2017)

5.8 years

12468

41.8

0.62

Vahtera (2010)

Finland

Finnish Public

Sector study (FPS)

2000, 2001-2005

30700

44.8

Psychosocial High job control

work

environment

Psychosocial High job control

work

environment

32-62

Psychosocial High job

work

environment demand

0.80

Vahtera (2010)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Finland

Finnish Public

Sector study (FPS)

2000, 2001-2005

30700

44.8

0.80

Samuelsson (2013) b

Sweden

Swedish Social Swedish twin

Insurance Agency study of disability

pension and

sickness absence

(STODS)

Swedish Social Swedish Twin

Insurance Agency Register

Sweden

1990-2008

42715

1.07

Ropponen (2013) b

1993-2008

24543

32-62

Psychosocial High job

work

environment demand

1.31

110

Robroek (2015)

Dutch Tax

Permanent Survey The

Netherlands

on Living

Conditions (POLS)

Norway

"The new

workplace II: work

factors, sickness

absence, and exit

from working life

among Norwegian

employees"

Norway

"The new

workplace II: work

factors, sickness

absence, and exit

from working life

among Norwegian

employees"

Copenhagen Aging Denmark

and midlife

Biobank (CAMB)

Copenhagen Aging Denmark

and midlife

Biobank (CAMB)

Copenhagen Aging Denmark

and midlife

Biobank (CAMB)

Copenhagen Aging Denmark

and midlife

Biobank (CAMB)

The Health 2000

survey

Finland

1999–2008

14708

Psychosocial High job

work

environment demand

18-62

Psychosocial High job

work

environment demand

0.91

Nielsen (2017) a

The Norwegian

Labor and

Welfare

Administration

(NAV)

2005-2015

12303

0.86

Nielsen (2017) a

The Norwegian

Labor and

Welfare

Administration

(NAV)

2005-2015

12303

18-62

Psychosocial High job

work

environment demand

1.24

Sundstrup (2018) a

DREAM

2009, 2011, 2015

5076

54.3

Psychosocial High job

work

environment demand

Psychosocial High job

work

environment demand

Psychosocial High job

work

environment demand

Psychosocial High job

work

environment demand

Psychosocial High job

work

environment demand

Psychosocial High job

work

environment demand

0.69

Sundstrup (2018) a

DREAM

2009, 2011, 2015

5076

54.3

0.78

Sundstrup (2018 )a

DREAM

2009, 2011, 2015

5076

54.3

0.85

Sundstrup (2018 )a

DREAM

2009, 2011, 2015

5076

54.3

1.16

Markkula (2017)

Self reported

2000-2011

275

30-63

1.36

Lundin (2016)

Swedish Social Swedish Total

Insurance Agency Population

Sweden

2009, 2011, 2015

12064

18-60

1.45

111

Jensen (2016)

DREAM

The population to Denmark

be included in the

cohort was

identified in

registers of

members hold by

the 2 tradeunions

including name,

addresses,

duration of

membership

together with the

Danish Civil

Registration

number(CPR)

96 organizations

Norway

2001-2012

1430

Female

50.3

Psychosocial High job

work

environment demand

0.99

Emberland (2017)

The Norwegian

Labor and

Welfare

Administration

(NAV)

The National

Insurance

Administration

(NIA)

5.8 years

12468

41.8

Psychosocial High job

work

environment demand

0.86

Hagen (2006)

Norway

The National

Insurance

Administration

(NIA), The Nord-

Trøndelag Health

Study (HUNT),

Statistics Norway

Denmark

Project on

Burnout,

Motivation and

Job Satisfaction

(PUMA-I, PUMA-II,

PUMA-III) The

Danish Work

Environment

Cohort Study

(DWECS)

TheCopenhagen

Psychosocial

Questionnaire

Study (COPSOQ-I,

COPSOQ-II)Social

1987-1993

26832

25-59

Psychosocial High job

work

environment demand

2.60

Clausen (2014)

DREAM

1997, 2008-2010

40554

Psychosocial High job

work

environment demand

0.93

112

and Health Care

Study (SOSU-I,

SOSU-II, SOSU-III)

Nursing: Work

Environment,

Wellbeing and

Health (SATH-I,

SATH-II)

Clausen (2014)

DREAM

Denmark

Project on

Burnout,

Motivation and

Job Satisfaction

(PUMA-I, PUMA-II,

PUMA-III) The

Danish Work

Environment

Cohort Study

(DWECS) The

Copenhagen

Psychosocial

Questionnaire

Study (COPSOQ-I,

COPSOQ-II)Social

and Health Care

Study (SOSU-I,

SOSU-II, SOSU-III)

Nursing: Work

Environment,

Wellbeing and

Health (SATH-I,

SATH-II)

Multicenter study Germany

with patients with

early rheumatoid

arthritis

Multicenter study Germany

with patients with

early rheumatoid

arthritis

1997, 2008-2010

40554

Psychosocial High job

work

environment demand

1.06

Brauer (2002)

Self reported

6.5 years

110

Psychosocial High job

work

environment demand

3.10

Brauer (2002)

Self reported

6.5 years

110

Psychosocial High job

work

environment demand

3.60

113

Brauer (2002)

Self reported

Multicenter study Germany

with patients with

early rheumatoid

arthritis

A sample of male The

Netherlands

Dutch

construction

workers

PENSAM

Denmark

6.5 years

110

Psychosocial High job

work

environment demand

3.70

Alavinia (2009)

Self reported

2002-2004

850

Male

48.4

Psychosocial High job

work

environment demand

1.24

Jensen (2012)

DREAM

1993-2008

3332

41.9

Psychosoci- High job

al work

demand

environ-

ment

19-50

Psychosoci- High job

al work

demand

environ-

ment

Psychosocial High job

work

environment demand

Psychosocial High job

work

environment demand

0.92

Laine (2009)

Self reported

Finland

Finnish Public

Sector study (FPS)

2002-2005

25150

40.2

1.81

Laine (2009)

Self reported

Finland

Finnish Public

Sector study (FPS)

2002-2005

25150

40.2

19-50

1.39

vandenBerg (2010)

Self reported

Survey of Health,

Ageing and

Retirement in

Europe (SHARE)

2004-2006

Sweden,

Denmark, the

Netherlands,

Belgium,

Germany,

Austria,

Switzerland,

France, Italy,

Spain, Greece

1990-2008

4611

50-63

1.23

Samuelsson (2013) b

Sweden

Swedish Social Swedish twin

Insurance Agency study of disability

pension and

sickness absence

(STODS)

Swedish Social Swedish Twin

Insurance Agency Register

Sweden

42715

32-62

Psychosocial High social

work

environment support

1.12

Ropponen (2013) b

1993-2008

24543

32-62

Psychosocial High social

work

environment support

1.05

114

Lahelma (2012)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Helsinki Health

Study cohort

(HHS)

Helsinki Health

Study cohort

(HHS)

Finland

2000, 2001, 2002-

2008

6525

Male

40-60

Psychosocial High social

work

environment support

Psychosocial High social

work

environment support

Psychosocial High social

work

environment support

Psychosocial High social

work

environment support

Psychosoci- High social

al work

support

environ-

ment

0.88

Lahelma (2012)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Finland

2000, 2001, 2002-

2008

6525

Female

40-60

0.92

Hinkka (2013)

Actuary Division All Well at Work Finland

of State Treasury survey 2000 (civil

servants)

Actuary Division All Well at Work Finland

of State Treasury survey 2000 (civil

servants)

The Norwegian

Labor and

Welfare

Administration

(NAV)

The Norwegian

Labor and

Welfare

Administration

(NAV)

96 organizations

Norway

7 years

967

45.1

23-65

0.39

Hinkka (2013)

7 years

967

45.1

23-65

0.41

Emberland (2017)

5.8 years

12468

41.8

0.92

Emberland (2017)

96 organizations

Norway

5.8 years

12468

41.8

Psychosocial High social

work

environment support

0.96

Ropponen (2014) a

Swedish Social Swedish twin

Insurance Agency register,

participate in an

telephone

interview (SALT)

Swedish Social Swedish twin

Insurance Agency register,

participate in an

telephone

interview (SALT)

Swedish Social Swedish twin

Insurance Agency register,

participate in an

telephone

interview (SALT)

Sweden

1998-2008

31206

42-64

Health

behaviour

Inactive/low

1.24

Ropponen (2014) a

Sweden

1998-2008

31206

42-64

Health

behaviour

Inactive/low

1.51

Ropponen (2014) a

Sweden

1998-2008

31206

42-64

Health

behaviour

Inactive/low

1.58

115

Ropponen (2012)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Finnish Twin

Cohort

Finnish Twin

Cohort

Finnish Twin

Cohort

Finnish Twin

Cohort

Finland

1975-2004

16028

Female

Health

behaviour

Health

behaviour

Health

behaviour

Health

behaviour

Health

behaviour

Inactive/low

0.69

Ropponen (2012)

Finland

1975-2004

16028

Male

Inactive/low

0.76

Ropponen (2012)

Finland

1975-2004

16028

Male

Inactive/low

0.77

Ropponen (2012)

Finland

1975-2004

16028

Female

Inactive/low

0.91

Ropponen (2011) a

Sweden

Swedish Social Swedish twin

Insurance Agency study of disability

pension and

sickness absence

(STODS)

Sweden

National Social Military Service

Insurance Board Conscription

and the National

Social Insurance

Board and The

Longitudinal

Investigations into

Supportive and

Ancillary health

services (LISA),

Sweden

National Social Military Service

Insurance Board Conscription

and the National

Social Insurance

Board and The

Longitudinal

Investigations into

Supportive and

Ancillary health

services (LISA),

National Social Military Service

Insurance Board Conscription

and the National

Sweden

1998, 2003-2008

16713

Inactive/low

0.94

Rabiee (2015)

1971-2008

45375

Male

20-59

Health

behaviour

Inactive/low

1.50

Rabiee (2015)

1971-2008

45375

Male

20-59

Health

behaviour

Inactive/low

1.64

Rabiee (2015)

1971-2008

45375

Male

20-59

Health

behaviour

Inactive/low

2.69

116

Social Insurance

Board and The

Longitudinal

Investigations into

Supportive and

Ancillary health

services (LISA),

Lallukka (2015)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

The Helsinki

Health Study

cohort

Finland

2002-2010

6390

49.4

Health

behaviour

Inactive/low

2.08

Kang (2015)

Self reported

Korea

Korean

Longitudinal Study

of Ageing (KLoSA)

Norway

The National

Insurance

Administration

(NIA), The Nord-

Trøndelag Health

Study (HUNT),

Statistics Norway

Norway

The Nord-

Trøndelag Health

Study (HUNT)

2006-2012

3371

54.33

Health

behaviour

Inactive/low

1.15

Hagen (2006)

The National

Insurance

Administration

(NIA)

1987 -1993

26832

25-59

Health

behaviour

Inactive/low

2.20

Hagen (2002)

The National

Insurance

Administration

(NIA)

Self reported

1987-1993

34754

25-59

Health

behaviour

Inactive/low

2.10

vandenBerg (2010)

Survey of Health,

Ageing and

Retirement in

Europe (SHARE)

2004-2006

Sweden,

Denmark, the

Netherlands,

Belgium,

Germany,

Austria,

Switzerland,

France, Italy,

Spain, Greece

1993-2002

4611

50-63

Health

behaviour

Inactive/low

0.98

Friis (2008)

IDA

The Danish Nurse Denmark

Cohort Study

Finland

12028

Female

> 44

30-58

Health

behaviour

Health

behaviour

Inactive/low

1.52

Ahola (2011)

Finnish Pension The Health 2000

Registers

survey

2000-2007

3164

Inactive/low

1.45

117

Biering-Sorensen (1999) Danish National Glostrup survey

linked with

Ropponen (2013) b

Swedish Social Swedish Twin

Insurance Agency Register

Denmark

1977-1992

892

28-59

Health

behaviour

Inactive/low

2.33

Sweden

1993-2008

24543

32-62

Psychosocial Job strain

work

environment

Psychosocial Job strain

work

environment

Psychosocial Job strain

work

environment

Psychosocial Job strain

work

environment

Psychosoci- Job strain

al work

environ-

ment

Psychosoci- Job strain

al work

environ-

ment

Psychosoci- Job strain

al work

environ-

ment

Psychosoci- Job strain

al work

environ-

ment

0.88

Ropponen (2013) b

Swedish Social Swedish Twin

Insurance Agency Register

Sweden

1993-2008

24543

32-62

1.32

Laine (2009)

Self reported

Finland

Finnish Public

Sector study (FPS)

2002-2005

25150

40.2

19-50

2.27

Laine (2009)

Self reported

Finland

Finnish Public

Sector study (FPS)

2002-2005

25150

40.2

19-50

2.66

Canivet (2013)

Swedish Social Malmö Shoulder

Insurance Agency and Neck Study

(MSNS)

Sweden

1992, 1994-2005

6540

Male

45-65

1.90

Canivet (2013)

Swedish Social Malmö Shoulder

Insurance Agency and Neck Study

(MSNS)

Sweden

1992, 1994-2005

6540

Male

45-65

2.10

Ahola (2011)

Finnish Pension The Health 2000

Registers

survey

Finland

2000-2007

3164

30-58

2.64

Juvani (2018)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Finland

Finnish Public

Sector study (FPS)

2008-2011

41862

1.73

Karpansalo (2002)

Social Insurance The Kuopio

Institution

Ischemic Heart

Disease Risk

Factor Study

(KIHD)

Finland

1984-2000

1755

Male

42-65

Physical

work

demands

Lifting

2.50

118

Karkkainen (2013)

Social Insurance Finnish Twin

Institution

Cohort

Finland

1975-2004

16028

18-64

Physical

work

demands

Physical

work

demands

Physical

work

demands

Physical

work

demands

Lifting

1.83

Solovieva (2018)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Population based Finland

study

2005-2013

1135654

Female

30-60

Lifting

1.89

Solovieva (2018)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Population based Finland

study

2005-2013

1135654

Male

30-60

Lifting

2.34

Sundstrup (2017)

DREAM

Copenhagen Aging Denmark

and midlife

Biobank (CAMB)

Norway

2009-2015

5076

54.3

Lifting

2.07

Stover (2013)

Statistics Norway The Nordland

health study

1992-2007

5749

40-42

Physical

work

demands

Lifting

1.65

Samuelsson (2013) b

Sweden

Swedish Social Swedish twin

Insurance Agency study of disability

pension and

sickness absence

(STODS)

Dutch Tax

Permanent Survey The

Netherlands

on Living

Conditions (POLS)

Norway

"The new

workplace II: work

factors, sickness

absence, and exit

from working life

among Norwegian

employees"

Norway

"The new

workplace II: work

factors, sickness

absence, and exit

from working life

among Norwegian

employees"

1990-2008

42715

32-62

Psychosocial Low job control

work

environment

0.93

Robroek (2015)

1999–2008

14708

Psychosocial Low job control

work

environment

18-62

Psychosocial Low job control

work

environment

1.34

Nielsen (2017) a

The Norwegian

Labor and

Welfare

Administration

(NAV)

2005-2015

12303

1.25

Nielsen (2017) a

The Norwegian

Labor and

Welfare

Administration

(NAV)

2005-2015

12303

18-62

Psychosocial Low job control

work

environment

1.27

119

Sundstrup (2018) a

DREAM

Copenhagen Aging Denmark

and midlife

Biobank (CAMB)

2009, 2011, 2015

5076

54.3

Psychosoci- Low job control

al work

environ-

ment

Psychosoci- Low job control

al work

environ-

ment

Psychosoci- Low job control

al work

environ-

ment

Psychosoci- Low job control

al work

environ-

ment

Psychosoci- Low job control

al work

environ-

ment

Psychosoci- Low job control

al work

environ-

ment

Psychosoci- Low job control

al work

environ-

ment

Psychosoci- Low job control

al work

environ-

ment

4.68

Sundstrup (2018) a

DREAM

Copenhagen Aging Denmark

and midlife

Biobank (CAMB)

2009, 2011, 2015

5076

54.3

4.97

Lundin (2016)

Swedish Social Swedish Total

Insurance Agency Population

Sweden

2004-2010

12064

18-60

3.00

Laine (2009)

Self reported

Finland

Finnish Public

Sector study (FPS)

2002-2005

25150

40.2

19-50

1.74

Laine (2009)

Self reported

Finland

Finnish Public

Sector study (FPS)

2002-2005

25150

40.2

19-50

2.09

Lahelma (2012)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Helsinki Health

Study cohort

(HHS)

Finland

2000, 2001, 2002-

2008

6525

Female

40-60

1.34

Lahelma (2012)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Helsinki Health

Study cohort

(HHS)

Finland

2000, 2001, 2002-

2008

6525

Male

40-60

1.41

Kjellberg (2016)

Sweden

Swedish Social Two cohorts of

Insurance Agency swedish

schoolchildren

"evaluation

through follow up"

Sweden

Swedish Social Two cohorts of

Insurance Agency swedish

schoolchildren

"evaluation

through follow up"

1991-2009

21809

Male

25-74

2.19

Kjellberg (2016)

1991-2009

21809

Female

25-74

Psychosoci- Low job control

al work

environ-

ment

2.41

120

Hagen (2006)

The National

Insurance

Administration

(NIA)

Norway

The National

Insurance

Administration

(NIA), The Nord-

Trøndelag Health

Study (HUNT),

Statistics Norway

Survey of Health,

Ageing and

Retirement in

Europe (SHARE)

1987 -1993

26832

25-59

Psychosoci- Low job control

al work

environ-

ment

1.50

vandenBerg (2010)

Self reported

2004-2006

Sweden,

Denmark, the

Netherlands,

Belgium,

Germany,

Austria,

Switzerland,

France, Italy,

Spain, Greece

1993-2002

4611

50-63

Psychosoci- Low job control

al work

environ-

ment

2.68

Friis (2008)

IDA

The Danish Nurse Denmark

Cohort Study

12028

Female

Psychosocial Low job control

work

environment

Psychosocial Low job control

work

environment

1.48

Claussen (2009)

The National

Insurance

Administration

(NIA)

DREAM

The Oslo Health

Survey

Norway

2001-2004

9195

40-60

2.04

Clausen (2014)

Denmark

Project on

Burnout,

Motivation and

Job Satisfaction

(PUMA-I, PUMA-II,

PUMA-III) The

Danish Work

Environment

Cohort Study

(DWECS)

TheCopenhagen

Psychosocial

Questionnaire

Study (COPSOQ-I,

COPSOQ-II)Social

and Health Care

Study (SOSU-I,

SOSU-II, SOSU-III)

Nursing: Work

1997, 2008-2010

40554

Psychosocial Low job control

work

environment

1.28

121

Environment,

Wellbeing and

Health (SATH-I,

SATH-II)

Brauer (2002)

Self reported

Multicenter study Germany

with patients with

early rheumatoid

arthritis

A sample of male The

Netherlands

Dutch

construction

workers

A sample of male The

Netherlands

Dutch

construction

workers

Norway

6.5 years

110

Psychosocial Low job control

work

environment

3.80

Alavinia (2009)

Self reported

2002-2004

850

Male

48.4

Psychosocial Low job control

work

environment

0.85

Alavinia (2009)

Self reported

2002-2004

850

Male

48.4

Psychosocial Low job control

work

environment

1.63

Stover (2013)

Statistics Norway The Nordland

health study

1992 - 2007

5749

40-42

Psychosocial Low job control

work

environment

Psychosocial Low job control

work

environment

1.10

Jensen (2012)

DREAM

PENSAM

Denmark

1993-2008

3332

41.9

0.90

Blekesaune (2005)

Statistics Norway Norwegian Social Norway

and The National Science Data

Services (NSD),

Insurance

Administration Statistics Norway

(NIA)

and The National

Insurance

Administration

(NIA)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Finnish Twin

Cohort

Finland

1991-1999

19114

62.3

60-67

Psychosocial Low Job control

work

environment

1.20

Ropponen (2012)

1975-2004

16028

Female

Physical

work

demands

Physical

work

demands

Monotonous work 1.47

Ropponen (2012)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Finnish Twin

Cohort

Finland

1975-2004

16028

Male

Monotonous work 1.68

122

Sundstrup (2018) a

DREAM

Copenhagen Aging Denmark

and midlife

Biobank (CAMB)

2009, 2001-2015

5076

54.3

Physical

work

demands

Physical

work

demands

Physical

work

demands

Monotonous work 1.91

Hinkka (2013)

Actuary Division All Well at Work Finland

of State Treasury survey 2000 (civil

servants)

DREAM

Danish Work

Environment

Cohort Study

(DWECS)

Danish Work

Environment

Cohort Study

(DWECS)

Denmark

7 years

967

45.1

23-65

Monotonous work 2.61

Albertsen (2007)

1995-2004

5940

Female

38.8 (women),

38.6 (men)

Monotonous work 0.54

Albertsen (2007)

DREAM

Denmark

1995-2004

5940

Male

38.8 (women),

38.6 (men)

Physical

work

demands

Monotonous work 1.59

Stover (2013)

Statistics Norway The Nordland

health study

Norway

1992-2007

5749

40-42

Physical

work

demands

Somatic

health

problems

Somatic

health

problems

Somatic

health

problems

Monotonous work 1.44

Siebert (2001)

Workers pension Employees of the Germany

fund

construction

industry

Workers pension Employees of the Germany

fund

construction

industry

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Finnish National Finland

Institute for

Health and

Welfare, The

finnish centre for

pensions,

personnel register

of the city of

Helsinki

Finnish National Finland

Institute for

Health and

Welfare, The

finnish centre for

pensions,

1986-1994

10809

Male

15-64

Musculoskeletal

Disorders

1.47

Siebert (2001)

1986-1994

10809

Male

15-64

Musculoskeletal

Disorders

2.53

Pietilainen (2018)

1990-2013

170510

Male

Musculoskeletal

Disorders

1.68

Pietilainen (2018)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

1990-2013

170510

Female

Somatic

health

problems

Musculoskeletal

Disorders

2.11

123

personnel register

of the city of

Helsinki

Pietilainen (2018)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Finnish National Finland

Institute for

Health and

Welfare, The

finnish centre for

pensions,

personnel register

of the city of

Helsinki

Finnish National Finland

Institute for

Health and

Welfare, The

finnish centre for

pensions,

personnel register

of the city of

Helsinki

Finnish National Finland

Institute for

Health and

Welfare, The

finnish centre for

pensions,

personnel register

of the city of

Helsinki

Finnish National Finland

Institute for

Health and

Welfare, The

finnish centre for

pensions,

personnel register

of the city of

Helsinki

1990-2013

170510

Male

Somatic

health

problems

Musculoskeletal

Disorders

2.14

Pietilainen (2018)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

1990-2013

170510

Female

Somatic

health

problems

Musculoskeletal

Disorders

2.16

Pietilainen (2018)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

1990-2013

170510

Male

Somatic

health

problems

Musculoskeletal

Disorders

2.27

Pietilainen (2018)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

1990-2013

170510

Male

Somatic

health

problems

Musculoskeletal

Disorders

2.40

124

Pietilainen (2018)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Finnish National Finland

Institute for

Health and

Welfare, The

finnish centre for

pensions,

personnel register

of the city of

Helsinki

Finnish National Finland

Institute for

Health and

Welfare, The

finnish centre for

pensions,

personnel register

of the city of

Helsinki

Sweden

1990-2013

170510

Female

Somatic

health

problems

Musculoskeletal

Disorders

2.51

Pietilainen (2018)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

1990-2013

170510

Female

Somatic

health

problems

Musculoskeletal

Disorders

2.75

Kivimaki (2007)

Swedish Social Entire working

Insurance Agency population of a

Swedish county

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

The Health 2000

survey

1985-1996

176629

16-49

Somatic

health

problems

Somatic

health

problems

Musculoskeletal

Disorders

6.94

Kaila-Kangas (2014)

Finland

2000-2011

3943

44.3

Musculoskeletal

Disorders

2.53

Hansen (2017)

DREAM

DANBIO registry

Denmark

1994-2011

63632

18-59

Somatic

health

problems

Somatic

health

problems

Somatic

health

problems

Musculoskeletal

Disorders

12.20

Gustafsson (2014)

Swedish Social Swedish Surveys Sweden

Insurance Agency of Living

Conditions (SSLC)

Sweden

Swedish Social Swedehart

Insurance Agency register, national

board of health

and welfares

national patient

1991–2003

10936

Female

16-43

Musculoskeletal

Disorders

3.76

Zetterstrom (2015)

1994-2003

34643

Female

30-63

Musculoskeletal

Disorders

1.42

125

Zetterstrom (2015)

Sweden

Swedish Social Swedehart

Insurance Agency register, national

board of health

and welfares

national patient

Sweden

Swedish Social Swedehart

Insurance Agency register, national

board of health

and welfares

national patient

Sweden

Swedish Social Swedehart

Insurance Agency register, national

board of health

and welfares

national patient

Self reported

Maastricht cohort Netherland

(MCS)

1994-2003

34643

Female

30-63

Somatic

health

problems

Musculoskeletal

Disorders

1.59

Zetterstrom (2015)

1994-2003

34643

Male

30-63

Somatic

health

problems

Musculoskeletal

Disorders

1.62

Zetterstrom (2015)

1994-2003

34643

Male

30-63

Somatic

health

problems

Musculoskeletal

Disorders

1.83

vanderBurg (2014)

1998-2008

12140

Somatic

health

problems

Somatic

health

problems

Musculoskeletal

Disorders

13.37

Ervasti (2016) b

Sweden

Swedish Social The nationwide

Insurance Agency population-based

Insurance

Medicine All-

Sweden (IMAS)

Sweden

Swedish Social Nationwide,

Insurance Agency population-based

registers used:

Statistics Sweden,

The Longitudinal

Investigations into

Supportive and

Ancillary health

services (LISA),

SIA, The National

2007–2010

53402

43.8

Musculoskeletal

Disorders

1.73

Dorner (2015)

2006-2010

4823069

16-64

Somatic

health

problems

Musculoskeletal

Disorders

10.24

126

Board of Health

and Welfare

Dorner (2015)

Sweden

Swedish Social Nationwide,

Insurance Agency population-based

registers used:

Statistics Sweden,

The Longitudinal

Investigations into

Supportive and

Ancillary health

services (LISA),

SIA, The National

Board of Health

and Welfare

Sweden

Swedish Social PAR

Insurance Agency (hospitalization or

outpatient

specialist visit due

to MS as a main or

secondary

diagnosis during

2000-2005)

Sweden

Swedish Social PAR

Insurance Agency (hospitalization or

outpatient

specialist visit due

to MS as a main or

secondary

diagnosis during

2000-2005)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Finland

Finnish Public

Sector study (FPS)

2006-2010

4823069

16-64

Somatic

health

problems

Musculoskeletal

Disorders

9.48

Tinghog (2014)

2006–2010

4976693

17-64

Somatic

health

problems

Musculoskeletal

Disorders

1.16

Tinghog (2014)

2006–2010

4976693

17-64

Somatic

health

problems

Musculoskeletal

Disorders

3.34

Sjosten (2009)

1994-2005

4593

Male

20-62

Somatic

health

problems

Somatic

health

problems

Somatic

health

problems

Nervous disorder 2.20

Sjosten (2009)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Finland

Finnish Public

Sector study (FPS)

1994-2005

4593

Female

20-62

Nervous disorder 2.70

Rod (2017)

Swedish Social Public registers,

Insurance Agency Swedish Patient

Sweden

2000, 2009-2010

364171

Male

Nervous disorder 1.96

127

Rod (2017)

Swedish Social Public registers,

Insurance Agency Swedish Patient

Swedish Social Public registers,

Insurance Agency Swedish Patient

Swedish Social Public registers,

Insurance Agency Swedish Patient

The National

Insurance

Administration

(NIA)

Sweden

2000, 2009-2010

364171

Female

Somatic

health

problems

Somatic

health

problems

Somatic

health

problems

20-66

Somatic

health

problems

Nervous disorder 2.41

Rod (2017)

Sweden

2000, 2009-2010

364171

Male

Nervous disorder 3.34

Rod (2017)

Sweden

2000, 2009-2010

364171

Female

Nervous disorder 4.51

Overland (2008)

Norway

The Nord-

Trøndelag Health

Study (HUNT)

18-48 months

37302

Nervous disorder 2.23

Kivimaki (2007)

Swedish Social Entire working

Insurance Agency population of a

Swedish county

Sweden

1985-1996

176629

16-49

Somatic

health

problems

Somatic

health

problems

Somatic

health

problems

Nervous disorder 4.71

Gustafsson (2014)

Swedish Social Swedish Surveys Sweden

Insurance Agency of Living

Conditions (SSLC)

Swedish Social The national

Insurance Agency patient register

PAR

Sweden

1991-2003

10936

Female

16-43

Nervous disorder 2.52

Jansson (2013)

2006-2010

4980882

17-64

Nervous disorder 1.52

Ropponen (2018)

Sweden

National Social Swedish twin

Insurance Agency study of disability

pension and

sickness absence

(STODS)

Finland

The Finnish

Finnish Public

Sector study (FPS)

Public Sector

Study (FPS) and

the Health and

Social Support

(HeSSup) study

Swedish Social Swedish Twin

Insurance Agency Register

Sweden

1998, 2003-2013

27165

<65 years

Psychosocial Night work

work

environment

1.20

Airaksinen (2017)

2000, 2002, 2004-

2008

65775

43.7

Psychosocial Night work

work

environment

0.93

Karkkainen (2017)

1998-2013

27165

41-64

Psychosocial Night work

work

environment

1.39

128

Karkkainen (2013)

Social Insurance Finnish Twin

Institution

Cohort

Finland

1975-2004

16028

18-64

Psychosocial Night work

work

environment

Psychosocial Night work

work

environment

Psychosocial Night work

work

environment

0.86

Friis (2008)

IDA

The Danish Nurse Denmark

Cohort Study

1993-2002

12028

Female

> 44

1.84

Jensen (2012)

DREAN

PENSAM

Denmark

1993-2008

3332

41.9

1.18

Sommer (2016)

DREAM

Musculoskeletal Denmark

reserach database

(MRD)

2001-2004

25292

18-64

Health

behaviour

Obesity

2.20

Samuelsson (2013) a

Sweden

Swedish Social Swedish twin

Insurance Agency study of disability

pension and

sickness absence

(STODS)

Finland

The Finnish

Finnish Public

Sector study (FPS)

Public Sector

Study (FPS) and

the Health and

Social Support

(HeSSup) study

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Finnish Twin

Cohort

Helsinki Health

Study cohort

(HHS)

Helsinki Health

Study cohort

(HHS)

Helsinki Health

Study cohort

(HHS)

Finland

1998–2008

28613

52.9

Health

behaviour

Obesity

1.38

Airaksinen (2017)

2000, 2002, 2004-

2008

65775

43.7

Health

behaviour

Obesity

1.19

Ropponen (2016)

1981-2004

17169

34.3

Health

behaviour

40-60

Health

behaviour

Obesity

2.59

Roos (2013)

Finland

2002-2010

6542

Male

Obesity

1.45

Roos (2013)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Finland

2002-2010

6542

40-60

Health

behaviour

Obesity

1.94

Roos (2013)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Finland

2002-2010

6542

Female

40-60

Health

behaviour

Obesity

2.05

129

Roos (2013)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Helsinki Health

Study cohort

(HHS)

Helsinki Health

Study cohort

(HHS)

Helsinki Health

Study cohort

(HHS)

Finland

2002-2010

6542

Male

40-60

Health

behaviour

Obesity

3.32

Roos (2013)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Finland

2002-2010

6542

40-60

Health

behaviour

Obesity

3.45

Roos (2013)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Finland

2002-2010

6542

Female

40-60

Health

behaviour

Obesity

3.47

Robroek (2017)

Swedish Social National

Insurance Agency occupational

health service

(bygghalsan)

Dutch Tax

Sweden

1980-2008

328743

Male

32.4

Health

behaviour

Obesity

1.70

Robroek (2015)

Permanent Survey The

Netherlands

on Living

Conditions (POLS)

Sweden

1999-2008

14708

Health

Obesity

1.22

Norrback (2018)

Swedish Social The National

Insurance Agency Survey of Living

conditions

(ULF/SILC)

1996, 2011-2012

50015

19-64

Health

behaviour

Obesity

1.75

Neovius (2010)

Sweden

Swedish Social Military Service

Insurance Agency Conscription

Social Insurance

of the Total

Population,

Population and

Housing Censuses

Sweden

Swedish Social Five complete

Insurance Agency birth-year cohorts

Self reported

Korea

Korean

Longitudinal Study

of Ageing (KLoSA)

1969-2007

45920

Male

18.7

Health

behaviour

Obesity

1.55

Mansson (2001)

1975-1986

5313

Male

48.1

Health

behaviour

Health

behaviour

Obesity

2.20

Kang (2015)

2006-2012

3371

54.33

Obesity

1.36

Husemoen (2004)

Danish Statistics Copenhagen City Denmark

Heart Study, The

Glostrup

Population

1980-1985

9035

Male

20-62

Health

behaviour

Obesity

0.77

130

Studies, The

Copenhagen Male

Study

Husemoen (2004)

Danish Statistics Copenhagen City Denmark

Heart Study, The

Glostrup

Population

Studies, The

Copenhagen Male

Study

The National

Insurance

Administration

(NIA)

Norway

The National

Insurance

Administration

(NIA), The Nord-

Trøndelag Health

Study (HUNT),

Statistics Norway

Survey of Health,

Ageing and

Retirement in

Europe (SHARE)

1980-1985

9035

Female

20-62

Health

behaviour

Obesity

1.21

Hagen (2006)

1987-1993

26832

25-59

Health

behaviour

Obesity

1.70

vandenBerg (2010)

Self reported

2004-2006

Sweden,

Denmark, the

Netherlands,

Belgium,

Germany,

Austria,

Switzerland,

France, Italy,

Spain, Greece

1993-2002

4611

50-63

Health

behaviour

Obesity

1.71

Friis (2008)

IDA

The Danish Nurse Denmark

Cohort Study

Finland

12028

Female

> 44

30-58

Health

behaviour

Health

behaviour

Health

behaviour

Obesity

1.59

Ahola (2011)

Finnish Pension The Health 2000

Registers

survey

DREAM

Danish Work

Environment

Cohort Study

(DWECS)

Danish Work

Environment

Cohort Study

(DWECS)

2000-2007

3164

Obesity

1.53

Lund (2010)

Denmark

1990-2006

8287

Male

18-59

Obesity

1.15

Lund (2010)

DREAM

Denmark

1990-2006

8287

Female

18-59

Health

behaviour

Obesity

1.81

131

Jensen (2012)

DREAM

PENSAM

Denmark

1993-2008

3332

41.9

Health

behaviour

18-64

Health

behaviour

Obesity

0.85

Sommer (2016)

DREAM

Musculoskeletal Denmark

reserach database

(MRD)

2001-2004

25292

Overweight

0.67

Samuelsson (2013) a

Sweden

Swedish Social Swedish twin

Insurance Agency study of disability

pension and

sickness absence

(STODS)

Finland

The Finnish

Finnish Public

Sector study (FPS)

Public Sector

Study (FPS) and

the Health and

Social Support

(HeSSup) study

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Finnish Twin

Cohort

Helsinki Health

Study cohort

(HHS)

Finland

1998-2008

28613

52.9

Health

behaviour

Overweight

1.25

Airaksinen (2017)

2000, 2002, 2004-

2008

65775

43.7

Health

behaviour

Overweight

1.07

Ropponen (2016)

1981-2004

17169

34.3

Health

behaviour

40-60

Health

behaviour

Overweight

1.62

Roos (2013)

Finland

2002-2010

6542

Overweight

1.42

Robroek (2017)

Swedish Social National

Insurance Agency occupational

health service

(bygghalsan)

Dutch Tax

Sweden

1980-2008

328743

Male

32.4

Health

behaviour

Overweight

1.21

Robroek (2015)

Permanent Survey The

Netherlands

on Living

Conditions (POLS)

Sweden

1999-2008

14708

Health

behaviour

Overweight

1.44

Norrback (2018)

Swedish Social The National

Insurance Agency Survey of Living

conditions

(ULF/SILC)

1996, 2011-2012

50015

19-64

Health

behaviour

Overweight

1.13

Neovius (2010)

Sweden

Swedish Social Military Service

Insurance Agency Conscription

Social Insurance

of the Total

1696-2007

45920

Male

18.7

Health

behaviour

Overweight

1.34

132

Population,

Population and

Housing Censuses

Kang (2015)

Self reported

Korea

Korean

Longitudinal Study

of Ageing (KLoSA)

2006-2012

3371

54.33

Health

behaviour

Overweight

1.12

Husemoen (2004)

Danish Statistics Copenhagen City Denmark

Heart Study, The

Glostrup

Population

Studies, The

Copenhagen Male

Study

Danish Statistics Copenhagen City Denmark

Heart Study, The

Glostrup

Population

Studies, The

Copenhagen Male

Study

The National

Insurance

Administration

(NIA)

Self reported

Norway

The Nord-

Trøndelag Health

Study (HUNT)

1980-1985

9035

Male

20-62

Health

behaviour

Overweight

0.51

Husemoen (2004)

1980-1985

9035

Female

20-62

Health

behaviour

Overweight

0.72

Hagen (2002)

1987-1993

34754

25-59

Health

behaviour

Overweight

1.40

vandenBerg (2010)

Survey of Health,

Ageing and

Retirement in

Europe (SHARE)

2004-2006

Sweden,

Denmark, the

Netherlands,

Belgium,

Germany,

Austria,

Switzerland,

France, Italy,

Spain, Greece

1993-2002

4611

50-63

Health

behaviour

Overweight

0.97

Friis (2008)

IDA

The Danish Nurse Denmark

Cohort Study

Germany

12028

Female

> 44

41.9

Health

behaviour

Health

behaviour

Overweight

1.18

Claessen (2009)

German Pension German

Fund

construction

Mean: 10.8 years

16875

Male

Overweight

0.74

133

industry, working

as bricklayers

Claessen (2009)

Germany

German Pension German

Fund

construction

industry, working

as bricklayers

Denmark

Mean: 10.8 years

16875

Male

41.9

Health

behaviour

Overweight

0.81

Biering-Sorensen (1999) Danish National Glostrup survey

linked with

Biering-Sorensen (1999) Danish National Glostrup survey

linked with

Lund (2010)

DREAM

Danish Work

Environment

Cohort Study

(DWECS)

Danish Work

Environment

Cohort Study

(DWECS)

1977-1992

892

28-59

Health

behaviour

Overweight

0.84

Denmark

1977-1992

892

28-59

Health

behaviour

Overweight

2.44

Denmark

1990-2006

8287

Male

18-59

Health

behaviour

Overweight

0.73

Lund (2010)

DREAM

Denmark

1990-2006

8287

Female

18-59

Health

behaviour

Overweight

1.19

Brenner (2014)

Swedish Social The Longitudinal Sweden

Insurance Agency Investigations into

Supportive and

Ancillary health

services (LISA)

Swedish Social Individuals treated Sweden

Insurance Agency for inpatient

suicide attempt

NIA

Norway

The Norwegian

Institute of Public

Health Twin Panel,

Norwegian

Medical Birth

Registry

2006-2010

4750

Mental

health

problems

Personality

disorder

5.42

Niederkrotenthaler

(2016)

1995-2010

5649

16-30

Mental

health

problems

Mental

health

problems

Personality

disorder

3.85

Ostby (2014)

1998-2008

2770

28.2

19-36

Personality

disorder

7.00

Helgesson (2017)

Swedish Social Statistics Sweden Sweden

Insurance Agency

2005-2011

1753544

20-35

Mental

health

problems

Personality

disorder

20.08

134

Arvilommi (2015)

Interviews,

Jorvi Bipolar Study Finland

patient records, (JoBS)

and registers of

the Social

Insurance

Institution of

Finland and the

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Interviews,

Jorvi Bipolar Study Finland

patient records, (JoBS)

and registers of

the Social

Insurance

Institution of

Finland and the

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Swedish Social Swedish Total

Insurance Agency Population

The National

Insurance

Administration

(NIA)

Sweden

18 months

151

35.5

18–59

Mental

health

problems

Personality

disorder

1.93

Arvilommi (2015)

18 months

151

35.5

18–59

Mental

health

problems

Personality

disorder

3.70

Lundin (2016)

2004-2010

12064

18-60

Physical

work

demands

Physical

work

demands

Physical

demand

Physical

demand

2.60

Hagen (2006)

Norway

The National

Insurance

Administration

(NIA), The Nord-

Trøndelag Health

Study (HUNT),

Statistics Norway

Danish Work

Environment

Cohort Study

(DWECS)

Danish Work

Environment

Cohort Study

(DWECS)

Denmark

1987-1993

26832

25-59

6.56

Albertsen (2007)

DREAM

1995-2004

5940

Female

38.8 (women),

38.6 (men)

Physical

work

demands

Physical

demand

0.50

Albertsen (2007)

DREAM

Denmark

1995-2004

5940

Male

38.8 (women),

38.6 (men)

Physical

work

demands

Physical

demand

2.02

Ahola (2011)

Finnish Pension The Health 2000

Registers

survey

Finland

2000-2007

3164

30-58

Physical

work

demands

Physical

demand

2.45

135

Robroek (2015)

Dutch Tax

Permanent Survey The

Netherlands

on Living

Conditions (POLS)

Finland

1999-2008

14708

Physical

work

demands

30-64

Physical

work

demands

Physical

work

demands

50-63

Physical

work

demands

Physical

demand

Physical

demand

Physical

demand

Physical

demand

1.36

Rissanen (2002)

Social Insurance Mini-Finland

Health Survey

Institution

1982-1994

535

2.61

Puolakka (2008)

Self reported

Jyväskylä Central Finland

Hospital

5 years

152

1.03

vandenBerg (2010)

Self reported

Survey of Health,

Ageing and

Retirement in

Europe (SHARE)

2004-2006

Sweden,

Denmark, the

Netherlands,

Belgium,

Germany,

Austria,

Switzerland,

France, Italy,

Spain, Greece

1993-2002

4611

1.57

Friis (2008)

IDA

The Danish Nurse Denmark

Cohort Study

12028

Female

> 44

Physical

work

demands

Physical

work

demands

Physical

demand

Physical

demand

1.22

Claussen (2009)

The National

Insurance

Administration

(NIA)

The Oslo Health

Survey

Norway

2001-2004

9195

40-60

1.24

Robroek (2017)

Swedish Social National

Insurance Agency occupational

health service

(bygghalsan)

Sweden

1980-2008

328743

Male

32.4

Physical

work

demands

Physical work load 2.28

Blekesaune (2005)

Statistics Norway Norwegian Social Norway

and The National Science Data

Services (NSD),

Insurance

Administration Statistics Norway

(NIA)

and The National

Insurance

Administration

(NIA)

1991-1999

19114

62.3

60-67

Physical

work

demands

Physical Work load 1.02

136

Lahelma (2012)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Helsinki Health

Study cohort

(HHS)

Helsinki Health

Study cohort

(HHS)

Finland

2000, 2001, 2002-

2008

6525

Female

40-60

Physical

work

demands

Physical

work

demands

Physical

work

demands

Physical work load 1.73

Lahelma (2012)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Finland

2000, 2001, 2002-

2008

6525

Male

40-60

Physical work load 1.75

Karpansalo (2002)

Social Insurance The Kuopio

Institution

Ischemic Heart

Disease Risk

Factor Study

(KIHD)

Finland

1984-2000

1755

Male

42-65

Physical work load 2.01

Kjellberg (2016)

Sweden

Swedish Social Two cohorts of

Insurance Agency swedish

schoolchildren

"evaluation

through follow up"

Sweden

Swedish Social Two cohorts of

Insurance Agency swedish

schoolchildren

"evaluation

through follow up"

Social Insurance Finnish Twin

Institution

Cohort

Finland

1991-2009

21809

Male

25-74

Physical

work

demands

Physical work load 1.43

Kjellberg (2016)

1991-2009

21809

Female

25-74

Physical

work

demands

Physical work load 1.93

Karkkainen (2013)

1975-2004

16028

18-64

Physical

work

demands

Physical

work

demands

Physical work load 2.08

Fimland (2018)

The National

Insurance

Administration

(NIA)

The Norwegian

Labor and

Welfare

Administration

(NAV)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Norway

The Nord-

Trøndelag Health

Study (HUNT)

Median: 9.3 years

32362

20-65

Physical work load 1.49

Emberland (2017)

96 organizations

Norway

5.8 years

12438

41.8

Physical

Work

demands

Physical work load 1.93

Solovieva (2018)

Population based Finland

study

2005-2013

1135654

Female

30-60

Physical

work

demands

Physical work load 2.24

137

Solovieva (2018)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Population based Finland

study

2005-2013

1135654

Male

30-60

Physical

work

demands

Physical work load 2.42

Airaksinen (2017)

Finland

The Finnish

Finnish Public

Sector study (FPS)

Public Sector

Study (FPS) and

the Health and

Social Support

(HeSSup) study

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Helsinki Health

Study cohort

(HHS)

Helsinki Health

Study cohort

(HHS)

Finland

2000, 2002, 2004-

2008

65775

43.7

Psychosocial Shift work

work

environment

0.93

Lahelma (2012)

2000, 2001, 2002-

2008

6525

Female

40-60

Psychosocial Shift work

work

environment

Psychosocial Shift work

work

environment

Psychosocial Shift work

work

environment

Psychosocial Shift work

work

environment

Psychosocial Shift work

work

environment

Psychosocial Shift work

work

environment

1.02

Lahelma (2012)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Finland

2000, 2001, 2002-

2008

6525

Male

40-60

1.16

Karkkainen (2013)

Social Insurance Finnish Twin

Cohort

Institution

Finland

1975-2004

16028

18-64

1.24

Hinkka (2013)

Actuary Division All Well at Work Finland

of State Treasury survey 2000 (civil

servants)

IDA

The Danish Nurse Denmark

Cohort Study

7 years

967

45.1

23-65

3.64

Friis (2008)

1993-2002

12028

Female

> 44

1.02

Claussen (2009)

The National

Insurance

Administration

(NIA)

Self reported

The Oslo Health

Survey

Norway

2001-2004

9195

40-60

1.21

Brauer (2002)

Multicenter study Germany

with patients with

early rheumatoid

arthritis

Danish Work

Environment

Cohort Study

(DWECS)

Denmark

6.5 years

110

Psychosocial Shift work

work

environment

3.10

Tuchsen (2008)

DREAM

1990, 1995, 2000-

2006

8005

18-59

Psychosocial Shift work

work

environment

1.19

138

Airaksinen (2017)

Finland

The Finnish

Finnish Public

Sector study (FPS)

Public Sector

Study (FPS) and

the Health and

Social Support

(HeSSup) study

Swedish Social Swedish twin

Insurance Agency register,

participate in an

telephone

interview (SALT)

Swedish Social Swedish twin

Insurance Agency register,

participate in an

telephone

interview (SALT)

Swedish Social Swedish twin

Insurance Agency register,

participate in an

telephone

interview (SALT)

Sweden

2000, 2002, 2004-

2008

65775

43.7

Health

behaviour

Smokers

1.18

Ropponen (2014) a

1998-2008

31206

42-64

Health

behaviour

Smokers

1.5

Ropponen (2014) a

Sweden

1998-2008

31206

42-64

Health

behaviour

Smokers

1.74

Ropponen (2014) a

Sweden

1998-2008

31206

42-64

Health

behaviour

Smokers

1.77

Ropponen (2011) a

Sweden

Swedish Social Swedish twin

Insurance Agency study of disability

pension and

sickness absence

(STODS)

Dutch Tax

Permanent Survey The

Netherlands

on Living

Conditions (POLS)

Finland

1998, 2003-2008

16713

Health

behaviour

Smokers

1.41

Robroek (2015)

1999–2008

14708

Health

behaviour

Smokers

1.42

Rissanen (2002)

Social Insurance Mini-Finland

Institution

Health Survey

1982-1994

535

30-64

Health

behaviour

Health

behaviour

Smokers

3.25

Neovius (2010)

Sweden

Swedish Social Military Service

Insurance Agency Conscription

Social Insurance

of the Total

Population,

1969-1994

45920

Male

18.7

Smokers

2.01

139

Population and

Housing Censuses

Lundin (2016)

Swedish Social Swedish Total

Insurance Agency Population

Sweden

2004-2010

12064

18-60

Health

behaviour

Smokers

1.88

Korhonen (2015)

Finland

Social Insurance Finnish Twin

Institution

Cohort and

Central Population

Registry

Finland

Social Insurance Finnish Twin

Institution

Cohort and

Central Population

Registry

Finland

Social Insurance Finnish Twin

Institution

Cohort and

Central Population

Registry

Finland

Social Insurance Finnish Twin

Institution

Cohort and

Central Population

Registry

Self reported

Korea

Korean

Longitudinal Study

of Ageing (KLoSA)

1975-2004

21719

Female

32.6 (men) &

33.0 (women)

Health

behaviour

Smokers

1.18

Korhonen (2015)

1975-2004

21719

Female

32.6 (men) &

33.0 (women)

Health

behaviour

Smokers

1.28

Korhonen (2015)

1975-2004

21719

Male

32.6 (men) &

33.0 (women)

Health

behaviour

Smokers

1.95

Korhonen (2015)

1975-2004

21719

Male

32.6 (men) &

33.0 (women)

Health

behaviour

Smokers

1.99

Kang (2015)

2006-2010

3371

54.33

Health

behaviour

Smokers

1.53

Husemoen (2004)

Danish Statistics Copenhagen City Denmark

Heart Study, The

Glostrup

Population

Studies, The

Copenhagen Male

Study

Danish Statistics Copenhagen City Denmark

Heart Study, The

Glostrup

Population

Studies, The

1980-1985

9035

Female

20-62

Health

behaviour

Smokers

0.40

Husemoen (2004)

1980-1985

9035

Male

20-62

Health

behaviour

Smokers

2.96

140

Copenhagen Male

Study

Husemoen (2004)

Danish Statistics Copenhagen City Denmark

Heart Study, The

Glostrup

Population

Studies, The

Copenhagen Male

Study

Danish Statistics Copenhagen City Denmark

Heart Study, The

Glostrup

Population

Studies, The

Copenhagen Male

Study

National Register The Hordaland

of Health

Health Study

Insurance

(HUSK)

National Register The Hordaland

of Health

Health Study

Insurance

(HUSK)

The National

Insurance

Administration

(NIA)

Norway

1980-1985

9035

Male

20-62

Health

behaviour

Smokers

5.25

Husemoen (2004)

1980-1985

9035

Female

20-62

Health

behaviour

Smokers

7.01

Haukenes (2013)

1999-2004

16422

Male

40-46

Health

behaviour

Smokers

1.33

Haukenes (2013)

Norway

1999-2004

16422

Female

40-46

Health

behaviour

Smokers

2.22

Hagen (2006)

Norway

The National

Insurance

Administration

(NIA), The Nord-

Trøndelag Health

Study (HUNT),

Statistics Norway

Survey of Health,

Ageing and

Retirement in

Europe (SHARE)

1987-1993

26832

25-59

Health

behaviour

Smokers

1.50

vandenBerg (2010)

Self reported

2004-2006

Sweden,

Denmark, the

Netherlands,

Belgium,

Germany,

Austria,

Switzerland,

France, Italy,

Spain, Greece

4611

50-63

Health

behaviour

Smokers

1.46

141

Friis (2008)

IDA

The Danish Nurse Denmark

Cohort Study

Sweden

1993-2002

12028

Female

> 44

18-21

Health

behaviour

Health

behaviour

Health

behaviour

Health

behaviour

Health

behaviour

Health

behaviour

Smokers

1.50

Upmark (1999)

Swedish Social Conscripted into

Insurance Agency military service

Swedish Social Conscripted into

Insurance Agency military service

Swedish Social Conscripted into

Insurance Agency military service

Swedish Social Conscripted into

Insurance Agency military service

1969, 1970-1993

49285

Male

Smokers

1.20

Upmark (1999)

Sweden

1969, 1970-1993

49285

Male

18-21

Smokers

1.50

Upmark (1999)

Sweden

1969, 1970-1993

49285

Male

18-21

Smokers

5.30

Upmark (1999)

Sweden

1969, 1970-1993

49285

Male

18-21

Smokers

5.90

Claessen (2010)

Germany

German Pension A routine

Fund

occupational

health

examination by

the Institution for

Statutory Accident

Insurance and

Prevention in the

Building Trade in

Württemberg

Germany

German Pension German

Fund

construction

industry, working

as bricklayers

DREAM

Danish Work

Environment

Cohort Study

(DWECS)

Danish Work

Environment

Cohort Study

(DWECS)

Denmark

Mean: 10.8 years

14483

Male

25-59

Smokers

1.95

Claessen (2009)

Mean: 10.8 years

16875

Male

41.9

Health

behaviour

Smokers

1.36

Albertsen (2007)

1995-2004

5940

Female

38.8 (women),

38.6 (men)

Health

behaviour

Smokers

3.13

Albertsen (2007)

DREAM

Denmark

1995-2004

5940

Male

38.8 (women),

38.6 (men)

Health

behaviour

Smokers

3.70

Ahola (2011)

Finnish Pension The Health 2000

Registers

survey

Finland

2000-2007

3164

30-58

Health

behaviour

Smokers

1.68

142

Biering-Sorensen (1999) Danish National Glostrup survey

linked with

Jensen (2012)

DREAM

PENSAM

Denmark

1977-1992

892

28-59

Health

behaviour

Smokers

2.44

Denmark

1993-2008

3332

41.9

Health

behaviour

19-55

Mental

health

problems

Smokers

1.20

Singer (2014)

Self reported

Collected at four Germany

different hospitals

in Germany -

interviews

Collected at four Germany

different hospitals

in Germany -

interviews

15 months

491

Neurotic, stress-

related and

somatoform

disorder

Neurotic, stress-

related and

somatoform

disorder

Neurotic, stress-

related and

somatoform

disorder

1.50

Singer (2014)

Self reported

15 months

491

19-55

Mental

health

problems

2.30

Brenner (2014)

Swedish Social The Longitudinal Sweden

Insurance Agency Investigations into

Supportive and

Ancillary health

services (LISA)

Swedish Social The Longitudinal Sweden

Insurance Agency Investigations into

Supportive and

Ancillary health

services (LISA)

DREAM

Functional Illness Denmark

in Primary Care

study

2006-2010

4750

Mental

health

problems

1.72

Brenner (2014)

2006-2010

4750

Mental

health

problems

Neurotic, stress-

related and

somatoform

disorder

2.03

Rask (2015)

10 years

1785

18-65

Mental

health

problems

Neurotic, stress-

related and

somatoform

disorder

Neurotic, stress-

related and

somatoform

disorder

Neurotic, stress-

related and

somatoform

disorder

4.04

Niederkrotenthaler

(2016)

Swedish Social Individuals treated Sweden

Insurance Agency for inpatient

suicide attempt

1995-2010

5649

16-30

Mental

health

problems

2.00

Ostby (2014)

The National

Insurance

Administration

(NIA)

Norway

The Norwegian

Institute of Public

Health Twin Panel,

Norwegian

Medical Birth

Registry

1998-2008

2770

28.2

19-36

Mental

health

problems

3.79

143

Lassemo (2018)

FD Trygd

Oslo-lofoten study Norway

(OsLof)- statistic

norway

2000, 2001-2011

1238

Female

40.2 (women), 18-66

40.6 (men)

Mental

health

problems

Neurotic, stress-

related and

somatoform

disorder

Neurotic, stress-

related and

somatoform

disorder

4.13

Kouzis (2000)

Self reported

National Institute US

of Mental Health

Epidemiologic

Catchment Area

ECA Survey

National Institute US

of Mental Health

Epidemiologic

Catchment Area

ECA Survey

National Institute US

of Mental Health

Epidemiologic

Catchment Area

ECA Survey

1 year

11981

>18

Mental

health

problems

1.40

Kouzis (2000)

Self reported

1 year

11981

>18

Mental

health

problems

Neurotic, stress-

related and

somatoform

disorder

2.30

Kouzis (2000)

Self reported

1 year

11981

>18

Mental

health

problems

Neurotic, stress-

related and

somatoform

disorder

5.20

Helgesson (2017)

Swedish Social Statistics Sweden Sweden

Insurance Agency

2005-2011

1753544

20-35

Mental

health

problems

Neurotic, stress-

related and

somatoform

disorder

Neurotic, stress-

related and

somatoform

disorder

7.71

Arvilommi (2015)

Interviews,

Jorvi Bipolar Study Finland

patient records, (JoBS)

and registers of

the Social

Insurance

Institution of

Finland and the

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Finnish Pension The Health 2000

Registers

survey

Finland

18 months

151

35.5

18–59

Mental

health

problems

4.86

Ahola (2011)

2000-2007

3164

30-58

Mental

health

problems

Neurotic, stress-

related and

somatoform

disorder

3.34

144

Wedegaertner (2013)

Mettmann

Regional Office

of the AOK

Mettman Regional Germany

Office of the AOK

Rheinland (a

German public

health insurance

company)

Mettman Regional Germany

Office of the AOK

Rheinland (a

German public

health insurance

company)

Mean: 6.4 years

125019

15-57

Mental

health

problems

Neurotic, stress-

related and

somatoform

disorder

1.25

Wedegaertner (2013)

Mettmann

Regional Office

of the AOK

Mean: 6.4 years

125019

15-57

Mental

health

problems

Neurotic, stress-

related and

somatoform

disorder

1.26

Torske (2015)

Statistics Norway The Nord-

Norway

Trøndelag Health

Study (HUNT)

1995, 1997-2010

29016

42.2

Mental

health

problems

Neurotic, stress-

related and

somatoform

disorder

Neurotic, stress-

related and

somatoform

disorder

Neurotic, stress-

related and

somatoform

disorder

Neurotic, stress-

related and

somatoform

disorder

Neurotic, stress-

related and

somatoform

disorder

Neurotic, stress-

related and

somatoform

disorder

1.51

Torske (2015)

Statistics Norway The Nord-

Norway

Trøndelag Health

Study (HUNT)

1995, 1997-2010

29016

42.2

Mental

health

problems

1.62

Torske (2015)

Statistics Norway The Nord-

Norway

Trøndelag Health

Study (HUNT)

1995, 1997-2010

29016

42.2

Mental

health

problems

1.63

Torske (2015)

Statistics Norway The Nord-

Norway

Trøndelag Health

Study (HUNT)

1995, 1997-2010

29016

42.2

Mental

health

problems

1.65

Torske (2015)

Statistics Norway The Nord-

Norway

Trøndelag Health

Study (HUNT)

1995, 1997-2010

29016

42.2

Mental

health

problems

1.66

Torske (2015)

Statistics Norway The Nord-

Norway

Trøndelag Health

Study (HUNT)

1995, 1997-2010

29016

42.2

Mental

health

problems

1.70

145

Torske (2015)

Statistics Norway The Nord-

Norway

Trøndelag Health

Study (HUNT)

1995, 1997-2010

29016

42.2

Mental

health

problems

Neurotic, stress-

related and

somatoform

disorder

Substance abuse

1.75

Skogen (2012)

The National

Insurance

Administration

(NIA)

Self reported

Norway

The Nord-

Trøndelag Health

Study (HUNT)

1995-2004

72395

20-61

Mental

health

problems

2.79

Singer (2014)

Collected at four Germany

different hospitals

in Germany -

interviews

15 months

491

19-55

Mental

health

problems

Substance abuse

3.10

Brenner (2014)

Swedish Social The Longitudinal Sweden

Insurance Agency Investigations into

Supportive and

Ancillary health

services (LISA)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Helsinki Health

Study cohort

(HHS)

Finland

2006-2010

4750

Mental

health

problems

Substance abuse

2.20

Salonsalmi (2012)

2002-2010

6275

40-60

Mental

health

problems

Mental

health

problems

Mental

health

problems

Substance abuse

1.44

Niederkrotenthaler

(2016)

Swedish Social Individuals treated Sweden

Insurance Agency for inpatient

suicide attempt

Sweden

Swedish Social Five complete

Insurance Agency birth-year cohorts

1995-2010

5649

16-30

Substance abuse

2.18

Mansson (1999)

1975-1986

3751

Male

48.1

Substance abuse

1.5

Kendler (2017)

Sweden

Swedish

population-based population-based

registers

Sweden

Swedish

population-based population-based

registers

Self reported

Korea

Korean

Longitudinal Study

of Ageing (KLoSA)

1992-2009

670000-

1100000

Female

28-42

Mental

health

problems

Mental

health

problems

Mental

health

problems

Substance abuse

3.68

Kendler (2017)

1992-2009

670000-

1100000

Male

28-42

Substance abuse

4.00

Kang (2015)

2006-2012

3371

54.33

Substance abuse

0.88

146

Kaila-Kangas (2015)

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

The Health 2000

survey

Finland

2000-2011

3621

30-55

Mental

health

problems

Mental

health

problems

Mental

health

problems

Substance abuse

2.94

Helgesson (2017)

Swedish Social Statistics Sweden Sweden

Insurance Agency

2005-2011

1753544

20-35

Substance abuse

5.38

vandenBerg (2010)

Self reported

Survey of Health,

Ageing and

Retirement in

Europe (SHARE)

2004-2006

Sweden,

Denmark, the

Netherlands,

Belgium,

Germany,

Austria,

Switzerland,

France, Italy,

Spain, Greece

1998-2008

4611

50-63

Substance abuse

1.65

Samuelsson (2013) a

Sweden

Swedish Social Swedish twin

Insurance Agency study of disability

pension and

sickness absence

(STODS)

Finland

The Finnish

Finnish Public

Sector study (FPS)

Public Sector

Study (FPS) and

the Health and

Social Support

(HeSSup) study

Finnish Centre

for Pensions

Helsinki Health

Study cohort

(HHS)

Finland

28613

52.9

Health

behaviour

Underweight

2.45

Airaksinen (2017)

2000, 2002, 2004-

2008

65775

43.7

Health

behaviour

Underweight

1.19

Roos (2013)

2002-2010

6542

40-60

Health

behaviour

Underweight

1.16

Robroek (2015)

Dutch Tax

Permanent Survey The

Netherlands

on Living

Conditions (POLS)

1999–2008

14708

Health

behaviour

Underweight

2.40

Neovius (2010)

Sweden

Swedish Social Military Service

Insurance Agency Conscription

Social Insurance

of the Total

Population,

1969-2007

45920

Male

18.7

Health

behaviour

Underweight

1.07

147

Population and

Housing Censuses

Claessen (2009)

Germany

German Pension German

Fund

construction

industry, working

as bricklayers

DREAM

Danish Work

Environment

Cohort Study

(DWECS)

Danish Work

Environment

Cohort Study

(DWECS)

Denmark

Mean: 10.8 years

16875

Male

41.9

Health

behaviour

Underweight

1.13

Lund (2010)

1990-2006

8287

Female

18-59

Health

behaviour

Underweight

1.89

Lund (2010)

DREAM

Denmark

1990-2006

8287

Male

18-59

Health

behaviour

Underweight

3.07

148

Appendiks 7. Forest- og funnelplots for fysiske krav i arbejdet (alle kvalitetsniveauer af studier)

Akavede arbejdsstillinger (Body exposure)

149

Løft (Lifting)

150

Fysiske krav i arbejdet (Physical demands)

151

Fysisk arbejdsbelastning (Physical work load)

152

Monotont arbejde (Monotonous work)

153

Appendiks 8. Forest- og funnelplots for psykosocialt arbejdsmiljø (alle kvalitetsniveauer af studier)

Høj job-kontrol (High job control)

154

Høje psykiske krav i arbejdet (High job demand)

155

Kombination af høje krav og lav job kontrol (Job strain)

156

Lav job-kontrol (Low job control)

157

Natarbejde (Night work)

158

Skifteholdsarbejde (Shift work)

159

Høj social støtte (High social support)

160

Appendiks 9. Forest- og funnelplots for sundhedsadfærd (alle kvalitetsniveauer af studier)

Fysisk aktiv (Active)

161

Højt alkoholindtag (Alcohol consumption high)

162

Intet alkoholindtag (Alcohol consumption none)

163

Tidligere ryger (Ex-smokers)

164

Fysisk inaktiv (Inactive/low)

165

Fedme (Obesity)

166

Overvægt (Overweight)

167

Ryger (Smokers)

168

Undervægt (Underweight)

169

Appendiks 10. Forest- og funnelplots for mentale helbredsproblemer (alle kvalitetsniveauer af

studier)

Generelle mentale lidelser (Any mental disorder)

170

Affektive lidelser (Affective disorder)

171

Personlighedsforstyrrelser (Personality disorder)

172

Neurologiske, stressrelaterede og somatoforme lidelser (Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorder)

173

Misbrug (Substance abuse)

174

Appendiks 11. Forest- og funnelplots for somatiske helbredsproblemer (alle kvalitetsniveauer af

studier)

Kadiovaskulære sygdomme (Cardiovascular diseases)

175

Cancer

176

Muskel- og skeletbesvær (Musculoskeletal disorder)

177

Neurologiske sygdomme (Nervous disorder)

178

Appendiks 12. Resultater fra alle domæner, både på alle kvalitetsniveauer og højkvalitetsniveauer

Domæne/eksponeringer

Fysiske krav i arbejdet

Akavede arbejdsstillinger

(Body exposure)

Løft

(Lifting)

Fysiske krav i arbejdet

(Physical demand)

Fysisk arbejdsbelastning

(Physical work load)

Monotont arbejde

(Monotonous work)

Psykosocialt arbejdsmiljø

Høje krav i arbejdet

(High job demands)

Kombination af høje krav og lav job

kontrol (Job strain)

Lav job-kontrol (Low job control)

Høj job-kontrol (High job control)

Høj social støtte

(High social support)

Natarbejde (Night work)

Skifteholdsarbejde (Shift work)

Sundhedsadfærd

Fysisk aktiv (Active)

Fysisk inaktiv (Inactive/low)

Høj alkoholindtag

(Alcohol use (High))

Intet alkoholindtag

(Alcohol use (None))

Ryger (Smokers)

Tidligere ryger (Ex-smokers)

Fedme (Obesity)

Overvægt (Overweight)

Undervægt (Underweight)

Mentale helbredsproblemer

Generelle mentale lidelser

(Any mental disorder)

Affektive lidelser (Affective disorder)

Personlighedsforstyrrelse

(Personality disorder)

Neurologiske, stressrelaterede og

somatoforme lidelser (Neurotic, stress-

related and somatoform disorders)

Misbrug (Substance abuse)

Risk ratio (RR)

1,72 (1,49-1,98)

1,99 (1,71-2,32)

1,92 (1,40-2,63)

1,82 (1,54-2,14)

1,48 (1,35−1,63)

1,15 (1,04−1,26)

1,73

(1,33−2,25)

1,58 (1,36-1,83)

0,80 (0,73-0,89)

0,98 (0,86-1,11)

1,26 (1,07−1,48)

1,20 (1,01−1,42)

0,75 (0,64-0,87)

1,41 (1,24-1,61)

1,23 (1,04-1,47)

1,49 (1,32−1,69)

1,72 (1,55-1,91)

1,15 (1,02-1,29)

1,70 (1,51-1,91)

1,13 (1,04-1,22)

1,39 (1,14-1,70)

7,39 (5,93-9,20)

2,73 (1,72-4,33)

5,37 (2,16-13,34)

2,24 (1,48-3,38)

RR_høj kvalitet

1,77 (1,51-2,07)

1,99 (1,71-2,32)

2,64 (1,36-5,14)

1,76 (1,44-2.16)

1,49 (1,35−1,63)

78%

79%

86%

94%

_høj kvalitet

82%

79%

93%

92%

1,13 (0,99-1,27)

1,62 (1,22-2,16)

1,63 (1,35-1.95)

0,77 (0,57-1,03)

0,97 (0,84-1,13)

1,25 (1,09-1,45)

1,22 (1,04-1,44)

0,89 (0,79-1,01)

1,39 (1,20-1,61)

1,21 (1,01-1,47)

1,48 (1,30-1,68)

1,72 (1,55-1,91)

1,15(1,02-1,30)

1,62 (1,41-1,87)

1,08 (0,92-1,27)

1,52 (1,08-2,16)

7,30 ( 5,71− 9,33)

3,30 ( 2,06−

5,28)

9,45 ( 3,66−24,37)

2,09 (1,23−3,54)

2,76 (2,36−3,23)

83%

82%

92%

68%

49%

83%

81%

75%

88%

94%

86%

91%

71%

91%

88%

71 %

99%

100%

98%

99%

77%

86%

94%

72%

63%

41%

47%

49%

89%

94%

86%

72%

61%

89%

78%

100%

93%

99%

2,45 (2,10-2,86)

98%

179

Somatiske helbredsproblemer

Muskel- og skeletbesvær

(Musculoskeletal disorder)

Cancer

Neurologiske sygdomme

(Nervous Disorder)

Kadiovaskulære sygdomme

(Cardiovascular diseases)

2,85 (2,08-3,92)

2,70 (1,78− 4,10)

2,66 (2,13−3,32)

2,03 (1,68− 2,45)

2,70 ( 1,96− 3,74)

1,16 (0,70-1,91)

2,49 (1,75−3,53)

2,01 (1,65−2,45)

100%

98%

97%

99%

100%

85%

91%

99%

180

Appendiks 13. Forest- og funnelplots for fysiske krav i arbejdet (højkvalitetsstudier)

Akavede arbejdsstillinger (Body exposed)

181

Løft i arbejdet (Lifting)

182

Fysiske krav i arbejdet (Physical demands)

183

Fysisk arbejdsbelastning (physical work load)

184

Monotont arbejde (monotonous work)

185

Appendiks 14. Forest- og funnelplots for psykosocialt arbejdsmiljø (højkvalitetsstudier)

Høj job-kontrol (high job control)

186

Høje psykiske krav i arbejdet (high job demands)

187

Psykiske arbejdsbelastningr (job strain)

188

Lav job-kontrol (low job control)

Natarbejde (night work)

189

Skrifteholdsarbejde (shift work)

190

Høj social støtte (high social support)

191

192

Appendiks 15. Forest- og funnelplots for sundhedsadfærd (højkvalitetsstudier)

Fysisk aktiv (active)

193

Højt alkoholindtag (alcohol use high)

194

Intet alkoholindtag (alcohol use none)

195

Tidligere ryger (ex smokers)

196

Inaktiv (inactive/low)

197

Fedme (obesity)

198

Overvægt (overweight)

199

Rygere (smokers)

200

Undervægt (underweight)

201

Appendiks 16. Forest- og funnelplots for mentale helbredsproblemer (højkvalitetsstudier)

Generelle mentale lidelser (any mental disorder)

202

Affektive lidelser (affective disorders)

203

Personlighedsforstyrrelser (pesonality disorders)

204

Neurologiske, stressrelaterede og somatoforme lidelser (neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders)

205

Misbrug (substance abuse)

206

Appendiks 17. Forest- og funnelplots for somatiske helbredsproblemer (højkvalitetsstudier)

Kadiovaskulære sygdomme (cadiovascular diseases)

207

Cancer

208

Muskel- og skeletbesvær (musculoskeletal disorders)

209

Neurologiske sygdomme (nervous disorder)

210

Appendiks 18. Oversigt over spørgeskemaspørgsmål opdelt efter domæne

Domæner

1) Domæne: Fysiske krav i arbejdet

Fysiske krav

Hvor fysisk hårdt opfatter du normalt dit nuværende arbejde?

Ergonomiske krav

Hvor stor en del af din arbejdstid

Sidder du?

Går eller står du?

Arbejder du med ryggen vredet eller foroverbøjet uden at støtte med hænder og

arme?

Har du armene løftet i eller over skulderhøjde?

Gør du de samme armbevægelser mange gange i minuttet (fx pakkearbejde,

montering, maskinføring, udskæring)?

Sidder du på hug eller ligger på knæ når du arbejder?

Skubber eller trækker du?

Bærer eller løfter du?

2) Domæne: Psykosocialt arbejdsmiljø

Kvantitative krav

Hvor ofte

Oplever du, at du har tid nok til dine arbejdsopgaver?

Er det nødvendigt at holde et højt arbejdstempo?

Har du tidsfrister, som er svære at holde?

Får du uventede arbejdsopgaver, der sætter dig under tidspres?

Står du til rådighed uden for normal arbejdstid?

Er det nødvendigt at arbejde over?

Emotionelle krav

Hvor ofte

Bliver du følelsesmæssigt påvirket af dit arbejde?

Har du i dit arbejde kontakt med personer, der befinder sig i vanskelige situationer

(personer, der fx er ramt af alvorlig sygdom, ulykke, sorg, krise eller sociale

problemer)?

Indflydelse

Hvor ofte

Har du indflydelse på, hvordan du løser dine arbejdsopgaver?

Har du indflydelse på, hvornår du løser dine arbejdsopgaver?

Jobusikkerhed

I hvilken grad er du bekymret for at du bliver arbejdsløs?

Skala

Skala fra 0-10,

0 er ”ikke hårdt” og 10 er

”maksimalt hårdt”

Næsten hele tiden

ca. ¾ af tiden

ca. �½ af tiden

ca. ¼ af tiden

sjældent

aldrig

Altid

Ofte

Sommetider

Sjældent

Aldrig

Altid

Ofte

Sommetider

Sjældent

Aldrig

Altid

Ofte

Sommetider

Sjældent

Aldrig

I meget høj grad

I høj grad

I nogen grad

I ringe grad

I meget ringe grad

Altid

Ofte

Sommetider

Rollekonflikt

Hvor ofte

Får du den information, du behøver for at udføre dig arbejde?

211

Får du den vejledning og instruktion, du behøver for at udføre dit arbejde?

Ved du helt klart, hvad der er dine arbejdsopgaver?

Bliver der stillet modsatrettede krav til dig i dit arbejde?

Ledelseskvalitet

Hvor ofte

Forklarer din nærmeste leder dig virksomhedens mål, så du forstår, hvad de betyder

for dig?

Har du tilstrækkelige beføjelser i forhold til det ansvar, du har i dit arbejde?

Tager din nærmeste leder sig tid til at engagere sig i din faglige udvikling?

Involverer din nærmeste leder sig i tilrettelæggelsen af dit arbejde?

Giver den nærmeste leder dig den nødvendige feedback (ris og ros) for dit arbejde?

Bliver dit arbejde anerkendt og påskønnet af ledelsen?

Får du den hjælp og støtte, du har brug for fra din nærmeste leder?

Kan man stole på de udmeldinger, der kommer fra ledelsen?

Organisatorisk retfærdighed

Hvor ofte

Bliver alle medarbejdere, der påvirkes betydeligt af en given beslutning, hørt?

Bliver alle medarbejdere behandlet retfærdigt på arbejdspladsen?

Natarbejde

På hvilket tidspunkt af døgnet arbejder du sædvanligvis i din hovedbeskæftigelse?

Sjældent

Aldrig

Altid

Ofte

Sommetider

Sjældent

Aldrig

Har ingen leder

Altid

Ofte

Sommetider

Sjældent

Aldrig

Fast dagarbejde (overvejende

mellem kl 06 og 18)

Fast aftenarbejde (overvejende

mellem kl 15 og 24)

Fast natarbejde (overvejende

mellem kl 24 og 05)

Skiftende arbejdstider med

natarbejde

Skiftende arbejdstider uden

natarbejde

Antal cm

Antal kg

Ja, dagligt

Ja, af og til

Har røget, men ryger ikke mere

Nej, har aldrig røget

0, 1, 2, 3-4, 5 eller derover

3) Domæne: Helbredsadfærd

Højde

Hvor høj er du?

Vægt

Hvor meget vejer du?

Rygning

Ryger du?

Alkoholindtag

Hvor mange genstande alkohol drikker du pr. dag i gennemsnit

På hverdage (mandag til torsdag)?

I weekenden (fredag, lørdag og søndag)?

Fysisk aktivitet uden for arbejdstid

Over 4 timer pr. uge

Hvor meget tid har du i gennemsnit brugt på hver af de følgende fritidsaktiviteter i det 2-4 timer pr. uge

sidste år? (medregn også løb, cykling eller gang til og fra arbejde)

Under 2 timer pr. uge

Dyrker ikke denne aktivitet

Gang, cykling eller anden lettere motion hvor du ikke bliver forpustet eller sveder (fx

søndagsture, lettere havearbejde)

Motionsidræt, tungt havearbejde eller hurtig gang/cykling, hvor du sveder og bliver

forpustet?

212

Hård træning eller konkurrenceidræt?

4) Domæne: Mentale helbredsproblemer

Depressive symptomer

Hvor stor en del af tiden i de sidste 2 uger

Har du følt dig trist til mode, ked af det?

Har du manglet interesse for dine daglige gøremål?

Har du følt, at du manglede energi og kræfter?

Har du haft mindre selvtillid?

Har du haft dårlig samvittighed eller skyldfølelse?

Har du følt, at livet ikke var værd at leve?

Har du haft besvær med at koncentrere dig, fx om at læse avis eller følge med i

fjernsyn?

Har du følt dig rastløs?

Har du følt dig stille eller fåmælt?

Har du haft besvær med at sove om natten?

Har du haft nedsat appetit?

Har du haft øget appetit?

Behandling for depression

Er du, eller har du, inden for det sidste år været i behandling for en eller flere af

følgende sygdomme?

Depression

5) Domæne: Somatiske helbredsproblemer

Selvvurderet helbred

Hvordan synes du, at dit helbred er alt i alt?

Hele tiden

Det meste af tiden

En hel del af tiden

Noget af tiden

Lidt af tiden

På intet tidspunkt

Nej

Somatisk helbred

Er du, eller har du, inden for det sidste år været i behandling for en eller flere af

følgende sygdomme?

Diabetes (alle typer sukkersyge)

Åreforkalkning eller blodprop i hjertet

Blodprop i hjernen (hjerneblødning)

Kræft

Rygsygdom

Smerter i muskler

Hvor ofte har du haft smerter inden for de sidste 3 måneder?

Fremragende

Vældig godt

Godt

Mindre godt

Dårligt

Nej

Dagligt

En eller flere gange om ugen

Et par gange om måneden

Enkelte gange

Slet ikke

Grad af smerter

Skala fra 0 til 10,

Angiv graden af den værste smerte, du har haft i nakke eller skuldre inden for de sidste Hvor 0 er ”slet ingen smerter” og

3 måneder?

10 er ”værst mulige smerte”

Angiv graden af den værste smerte, du har haft i lænden inden for de sidste 3

måneder?

213

Appendiks 19. Model 5: Yderlige analyser med justeringer på tværs af domæner (supplerende

analyser)

Domæner

Fysiske krav i arbejdet

Oplevede fysiske krav

Ergonomiske krav

Det psykosociale arbejdsmiljø

Kvantitative krav

Indflydelse

Jobusikkerhed

Uklare rammer og rollekonflikt

Ledelseskvalitet

Retfærdighed

Ingen natarbejde

Natarbejde

Emotionelle krav*

Sundhedsadfærd

BMI 0-18.5

BMI 18.5-25

BMI 25-30

BMI >30

Ikke-ryger

Tidligere ryger

Ryger

Intet alkoholindtag

Lavrisiko alkoholindtag

Mellem risiko alkoholindtag

Højrisiko alkoholindtag

Aktivitet uden for arbejdstid

Inaktivitet uden for arbejdstid

Mentale helbredsproblemer

MDI<21

MDI≥21

HR 95% CI

0,99 (0,96;1,03)

1,01 (0,99;1,02)

0,69

1,12

1,15

0,98

1,19

1,25

(0,63;0,76)

(1,02;1,23)

(1,05;1,25)

(0,89;1,07)

(1,06;1,34)

(1,13;1,37)

1 ref.

0,89 (0,6;1,33)

0,98 (0,83;1,17)

1,48

0,97

1,11

(0,69;3,17)

ref.

(0,77;1,22)

(0,85;1,44)

1 ref.

1,07 (0,84;1,36)

1,60 (1,26;2,03)

1,48

0,73

0,78

(1,17;1,87)

ref.

(0,54;0,99)

(0,56;1,07)

1 ref.

1,35 (1,05;1,73)

1 ref.

1,90 (1,45;2,47)

214

Somatiske helbredsproblemer

Ingen kronisk sygdom

Kronisk sygdom

Godt selvvurderet helbred

Dårligt selvvurderet helbred

Mindre end ugentlige smerter

Daglig eller ugentlige smerter

Grad af smerter i nakke og skulder (blandt dem med smerter)*

Grad af smerter i lænd (blandt dem med smerter)*

1 ref.

2,80 (2,28;3,45)

1 ref.

5,13 (4,09;6,44)

1 ref.

2,68 (2,16;3,33)

1,12 (1,08;1,17)

1,13 (1,09;1,17)

justeret for køn, alder, uddannelse, domænet psykosocialt arbejdsmiljø, sundhedsadfærd og domænerne

mentale og somatiske helbredsproblemer

justeret for køn, alder, uddannelse, domænet fysisk krav i arbejdet, sundhedsadfærd og domænerne

mentale og somatiske helbredsproblemer

justeret for køn, alder, uddannelse, domænet fysisk krav i arbejdet, domænet psykosocialt arbejdsmiljø og

domænerne mentale og somatiske helbredsproblemer

justeret for køn, alder, uddannelse, domænet fysisk krav i arbejdet, domænet psykosocialt arbejdsmiljø,

sundhedsadfærd og domænet somatiske helbredsproblemer

justeret for køn, alder, uddannelse, domænet fysisk krav i arbejdet, domænet psykosocialt arbejdsmiljø,

sundhedsadfærd og domænet mentale helbredsproblemer

*Modellerne for emotionelle krav er kørt med subpopulation af respondenter fra AH 2014 og AH 2016

(n=34.103)

215

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