Retsudvalget 2017-18
REU Alm.del Bilag 78
Offentligt
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EUROP EAN UN ION
SERIOUS
AND
ORGANISED CRIME
THREAT ASSESSMENT
Crime in the age of technology
The European Union (EU) Serious and Organised Crime
Threat Assessment (SOCTA) 2017
is a detailed analysis of the
threat of serious and organised crime facing the EU providing
organised crime in the EU. Europol relied on thousands of
to produce the most detailed assessment of the nature and
scale of criminal threats facing the EU and its Member States.
Serious and organised crime in the EU features a great variety
channels.
www.europol.europa.eu
 REU, Alm.del - 2017-18 - Bilag 78: Rapporter fra EUIPO, EUROPOL og SOCTA om IPR-kriminalitet og organiseret kriminalitet i EU (2017)
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CRIME MARKETS
CURRENCY
COUNTERFEITING
CYBERCRIME
Child sexual exploitation
Payment card fraud
Cyber-dependent crimes
DRUG PRODUCTION
TRAFFICKING AND
DISTRIBUTION
ILLICIT WASTE
TRAFFICKING
TRAFFICKING OF
ENDANGERED SPECIES
FRAUD
Excise fraud
Investment fraud
Mass marketing fraud
Payment order fraud
Value Added Tax fraud
INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY CRIME
MIGRANT SMUGGLING ORGANISED
PROPERTY CRIME
SPORTS
CORRUPTION
TRAFFICKING
OF FIREARMS
TRAFFICKING IN
HUMAN BEINGS
ORGANISED
CRIME GROUPS
5,000
international groups
currently under
investigation
>180
nationalities
involved
STRUCTURE
COMPOSITION
24%
30-40%
LOOSE
NETWORKS
76%
six or more
members
up to five
members
Most OCGs are organised
HIERARCHICALLY
20%
SHORT-TERM
VENTURES
serious and
60%
of the suspects involved inare EU nationals.
organised crime in the EU
INTERNATIONAL DIMENSION
AND MOBILITY
7 out of 10
OCGs are typically active in
more than three countries
TRENDS
Poly-criminality
Sharing Economy
ORGANISED
PROPERTY CRIME
DRUG
TRAFFICKING
45%
reported for the
of the OCGs
SOCTA 2017 are involved in more
than one criminal activity
Many OCGs have expanded
their crime portfolio in
response to the sustained
high level of demand for
smuggling services during
the migration crisis.
= increasing
TRAFFICKING IN
HUMAN BEINGS
An increasing number of
individual criminal
entrepreneurs come together
on an ad hoc basis for
specific criminal ventures or
to deliver crime-as-a-service.
EXCISE FRAUD
MIGRANT
SMUGGLING
 REU, Alm.del - 2017-18 - Bilag 78: Rapporter fra EUIPO, EUROPOL og SOCTA om IPR-kriminalitet og organiseret kriminalitet i EU (2017)
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ENGINES OF ORGANISED CRIME
Document fraud, money laundering and the online trade in
illicit goods and services are the engines of organised crime.
These cross-cutting criminal threats enable and facilitate
most, if not all, other types of serious and organised crime.
DOCUMENT
FRAUD
FR
CE AU
RT DU
IF LE
IC NT
AT
ES TRA
AN NS
D PO
DE R
CL T O
AR RD
AT ER
IO S ,
NS C
US
TO
MS
G
Y
IVIN
TIT S, DR
EN D
D ID CAR
AN ID
VEL RTS,
O
TRA
NT PASSP C.)
LE (
U TS
, ET
UD
RA MEN VISAS
F
,
CU
DO ENSES
LIC
ES,
TH CERTIFICAT
CUMENTS (BIR
S OR
BREEDER DO
ORK CONTRACT
E RECORDS, W
MARRIAG
EU)
O STAY IN THE
INVITATIONS T
SALE AND
STO
LEN
B
RENTAL OF
GEN
KD
UINE DOCU
MENTS
L AN
OCU
MEN
TS
GS
T DRU
ILLICI
FIREARMS
SERIOUS
AND
ORGANISED
CRIME
ONLINE TRADE
IN ILLICIT
GOODS AND
SERVICES
COUNTERFEIT GOOD
S
FRAUD
ULENT
DOCUM
ENTS
COUN
TERF
EIT C
URRE
NCY
MONEY
LAUNDERING
CAS
H
MONEY L
AUNDER
ING
SMU
GGL
I NG
SYNDICA
TES
CRY
TRADE-BASED MONEY LAUNDERING
S
CH A
S SU AND
S
THOD
T ME AYMENT HERS
EN
OUC
INE P
PAYM
NEW IES, ONL ERNET V
INT
RENC
OCUR
PT
 REU, Alm.del - 2017-18 - Bilag 78: Rapporter fra EUIPO, EUROPOL og SOCTA om IPR-kriminalitet og organiseret kriminalitet i EU (2017)
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ONLINE TRADE IN
ILLICIT GOODS AND
SERVICES
85%
SURFACE WEB
Stolen
goods
Counterfeit
medicines
of internet users feel at risk
of becoming a victim of
cybercrime
Illicit drugs
CRIME-AS-A-SERVICE
(CaaS)
The CaaS model provides easy
access to tools and services across
the entire spectrum of
cyber criminality, from entry level to
top tier players, including those with
other motivations such as
hacktivists or even terrorists. This
allows even entry-level
cybercriminals to carry out attacks
of a scale disproportionate to their
technical capability. Criminal forums
and marketplaces within the deep
web or Darknet remain a crucial
environment for cybercriminals to
communicate and are a key
component for CaaS.
DARKNET
HIDDEN
MARKETS
Child Sexual
Exploitation
Material
Malware and
cybercriminal
services
Trafficking
of firearms
CYBERCRIME
Cybercrime continues to grow as society
becomes increasingly digitised.
Malware and ID theft
Malware typically steals user data
such as credit card numbers, login
credentials and personal information
from infected machines for subse-
quent use by criminals in fraud.
Cryptoware
Cryptoware (ransomware using
encryption) has become the leading
malware in terms of threat and
impact. It encrypts victims’ user
generated files, denying them
access unless the victim pays a fee
to have their files decrypted.
Network attacks
Network intrusions that result in
unlawful access to or disclosure of
private data (data breaches) or
intellectual property are growing
in frequency and scale, with
hundreds of millions of records
compromised globally each year.
Payment order fraud
Criminals use fraudulent transfer
orders to defraud private and public
sector organisations. Fraudsters
heavily rely on social engineering
techniques and malware to carry out
this type of fraud.
Payment card fraud
Compromised card data is readily
available and easy to obtain on
forums, marketplaces and automat-
ed card shops in the deep web and
Darknet.
Online sexual exploitation
Child Sexual Exploitation Material is
increasingly produced for financial
gain and distributed through the
Darknet. Coercion and sexual
extortion are increasingly being used
to victimise children.
 REU, Alm.del - 2017-18 - Bilag 78: Rapporter fra EUIPO, EUROPOL og SOCTA om IPR-kriminalitet og organiseret kriminalitet i EU (2017)
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DRUG
TRAFFICKING
THE LARGEST CRIMINAL MARKET
IN THE EU
Drug market generates
EUR
billion/year
in profits
TRENDS
SYNTHETIC DRUGS
of the criminal groups active in
the EU are involved in the drug
market
The market for synthetic drugs
continues to be the most
dynamic of the drug markets in
the EU.
ONLINE TRADE
Online marketplaces on the
Darknet are now a key
platform used to advertise
and sell all types of drugs.
OCGs linked to drugs
75%
are involved in trafficking more than one drug
65%
are involved in other criminal activities
CUTTING - EDGE
TECHNOLOGY
Technical innovation and
sophisticated equipment
allow OCGs to maximise the
production output.
419
previously undetected New
Psychoactive Substances reported in
the EU for the first time over the past
five years.
TOXIC WASTE
The production of synthetic
drugs generates large quantities
of highly toxic and dangerous
waste. Dump sites often remain
contaminated for a significant
period of time and their
recovery is costly.
LIBYA
Libya is emerging as a new
distribution hub for cannabis
resin trafficked to the EU across
the Mediterranean Sea.
 REU, Alm.del - 2017-18 - Bilag 78: Rapporter fra EUIPO, EUROPOL og SOCTA om IPR-kriminalitet og organiseret kriminalitet i EU (2017)
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MIGRANT
SMUGGLING
The demand for smuggling services
has grown significantly
since 2014.
More than 510,000 illegal border crossings
between border-crossing points at the
external border of the EU were registered
in 2016. Nearly all of the irregular migrants
arriving in the EU along these routes use
the services offered by criminal networks
at some point during their journeys.
Armed conflicts, economic and
population pressures in Africa and the
Middle East will continue to act as the
main push factors for irregular migrants
travelling to the EU.
Migrant smuggling to and within the
EU will remain a key criminal threat.
FACILITATION
SERVICES
Migrant smuggling networks offer their services including
transportation, accommodation,
the
provision of fraudulent documents
and
information
on contact points in other countries. This
crime does not require access to significant resources and OCGs can rely on their existing
knowledge of routes and infrastructure used to smuggle goods across borders.
TRANSPORTATION
& ACCOMMODATION
Migrant smugglers pass irregular
migrants from one network to
another along the route of the
migrants’ journey.
EU suspects typically work as
drivers transporting irregular
migrants within the EU to
destination countries.
COMMUNICATION
VIA SOCIAL MEDIA
Migrant smugglers widely rely on
social media
and use online
platforms such as
ride-sharing
websites,
or Peer to Peer (P2P)
accommodation platforms, to
arrange facilitation services.
DOCUMENT FRAUD
Document fraud has emerged as a
key criminal activity linked to the
migration crisis.
The abuse of genuine passports by
look-alikes continues to be the main
modus operandi used by document
fraudsters.
LINKS BETWEEN MIGRANT SMUGGLING AND
TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS (THB)
OCGs involved in the trafficking of human beings
(THB) often exploit existing migratory routes to
traffic victims within the EU. While the migration
crisis has not yet had a widespread impact on THB
for labour exploitation in the EU, some investiga-
tions show that traffickers are increasingly
targeting irregular migrants and asylum seekers in
the EU for exploitation. Irregular migrants in the
EU represent a large pool of potential victims
susceptible to promises of work even if this entails
exploitation.
LABOUR
EXPLOITATION
SEXUAL
EXPLOITATION
CHILD
TRAFFICKING
 REU, Alm.del - 2017-18 - Bilag 78: Rapporter fra EUIPO, EUROPOL og SOCTA om IPR-kriminalitet og organiseret kriminalitet i EU (2017)
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TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS
The trafficking of victims within the EU remains a key threat. The traditional
trafficking flow from Eastern Europe to Western Europe has been replaced by
multiple and diverse flows of victims all over the EU.
The migration crisis has resulted in
an increase in the number of
potential victims of THB.
A growing number of
vulnerable
adults and unaccompanied minors
in the EU are likely to be targeted by
traffickers.
Traffickers continue to rely
on the use of social media,
Voice-over-IP (VoIP) and
instant messaging
applications at all stages of
the trafficking cycle.
LABOUR EXPLOITATION
THB for labour exploitation
is
increasing in the EU.
Traffickers continue to target less
regulated industries as well as those
featuring seasonal demand for
workers.
Vulnerable sectors include
agriculture, catering, cleaning,
construction, entertainment,
fishing, hospitality, retail and
transportation.
SEXUAL EXPLOITATION
Sexual exploitation no longer relies
mainly on the use of violence and
coercion.
OCGs have further increased
the
use of legal businesses
that can conceal exploitations
such as hotels, nightclubs and
massage parlours.
CHILD TRAFFICKING
Traffickers often specifically target
underage victims, both male and
female, to sexually exploit them.
In some cases, underage
victims are trafficked for the
purpose of producing Child
Sexual Exploitation Material
(CSEM), which is traded on
online platforms.
 REU, Alm.del - 2017-18 - Bilag 78: Rapporter fra EUIPO, EUROPOL og SOCTA om IPR-kriminalitet og organiseret kriminalitet i EU (2017)
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ORGANISED PROPERTY CRIME
Organised property crime encompasses a range of different
criminal activities carried out predominantly by mobile OCGs
operating across the EU. Organised burglaries, thefts and robberies
as well as motor vehicle crime and the trafficking of cultural goods
all fall into this broad category of criminal activity.
Online marketplaces have made
it easier to sell stolen goods.
These marketplaces are now
used extensively to sell stolen
goods, particularly phones,
tablets and other electronic
equipment.
ORGANISED BURGLARIES AND THEFTS
OCGs make use of various online services to
facilitate their burglaries.
This includes
checking on social media
platforms
whether individuals are away from targeted
residences and scouting targeted neighbourhoods
using
free online navigation tools.
The scale and level of organisation of
pickpock-
eting
raids across many Member States suggests
that mobile OCGs
are heavily involved in
many
pickpocketing cases.
MOTOR VEHICLE CRIME
CULTURAL GOODS TRAFFICKING
OCGs increasingly rely on technical tools and
expertise to overcome new vehicle security
measures.
Some OCGs steal specific vehicles to order for
clients based in destination countries.
The conflicts in Libya, Syria and Iraq are
thought to have resulted in the intensified
trafficking of cultural goods from this region
to the EU.
EUROP EAN UN ION
SERIOUS
AND
ORGANISED CRIME
THREAT ASSESSMENT
@Europol
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youtube.com/europoltube
europol.europa.eu
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