IFU, Alm.del - 2016-17 - Supplerende svar på spørgsmål 8: Spm. om, hvorfor ministeren ikke – end ikke i fortrolig form – ønsker at oversende kommunikationen med ni lande, som regeringen har konsulteret om mulige ændringer eller omfortolkninger af statsløsekonventionen af 1961, til udlændinge-, integrations- og boligministeren

Indfødsretsudvalget 2016-17
IFU Alm.del
Offentligt

AKT 109746

Dokument 1

[

Tyskland svar pa ha ring

]

Til:

Cc:

Stine Højlund Hansen ([email protected]), Udenrigsministeriet ([email protected]), Udenrigsministeriet ([email protected])

Mathias Wunsch Gaarmann ([email protected]), Katrine Teisen Cramon ([email protected]), William Boe

([email protected]), Lasse Egendal Leipziger ([email protected]), Dan Brømsøe Termansen ([email protected]), Peter Toftlund

([email protected]), Merle Singer-Lippert ([email protected]), Christina Hjorth Korup ([email protected]), Marlene Vincentz

Jensen ([email protected]), Stig Aagaard ([email protected]), Christian Vogel ([email protected]). Martin Strandgaard

([email protected]), Friis Arne Petersen ([email protected])

Udenrigsministeriet ([email protected])

Fra:

Titel: Berlin: Svar på ambassadehøring: FN's konventionen af 1961 om begrænsning af statsløshed (UM id: 1650438)

Sendt: 04-08-2016 13:13:14

Bilag: Gesetz zur Verminderung der Staatenlosigkeit.pdf; Nationality Aet (StaatsangehOrigkeitsgesetz).pdf;

Berlin: Svar på ambassadehøring - Andre landes holdning til ændring af FN's konvention af 1961

om begrænsning af statsløshed

Ambassaden har været i kontakt med det tyske indenrigsministeriums statsborgerskabskontor

(forbundsregeringens ansvarlige enhed) og fremsender på denne baggrund følgende besvarelser af de

fremsendte spørgsmål.

1. Bliver_Konventionen_om Begrænsning_af Statsløshed (1961) diskuteret i Tyskland-=....eller ha[ den været

diskuteret de seneste år?

Indenrigsministeriet har ikke kendskab til en sådan debat. Ambassadens gennemsøgning af tyske medier

har ikke vist tegn på en offentlig debat om Konventionen eller dens bestemmelser.

2. Betragter Tyskland_det som_værende tilladt ift. Konventionen at suspendere tildelingen af

statsborgerskab til en person, der er_dækket af Konventionen?

I Tyskland reguleres tildelingen af statsborgerskab efter Konventionen af en lov (Gesetz zur Verminderung

der Staatenlosigkeit), der implementerer Konventionen om Begrænsning af Statsløshed (1961),

Konventionen om Statsløse Personers Retsstilling (1954) samt Konventionen om Reduktion af Tilfælde af

Statsløshed (1973) i tysk lovgivning. Loven bestemmer, at en statsløs person har ret til tysk

statsborgerskab, hvis følgende betingelser er opfyldt (art. 1):

•

Personen er født i Tyskland

Personen har haft retmæssigt permanent ophold i Tyskland i mindst fem år

Personen indgiver anmodning om statsborgerskab inden afslutningen af det 21. leveår

Personen ikke har været idømt en friheds- eller ungdomsstraf på fem år eller mere.

Loven bestemmer desuden (art. 2), at de almindelige regler om tildeling af statsborgerskab finder

anvendelse i sager om statsløses adgang til tysk statsborgerskab. En tysk kopi af loven (Gesetz zur

Verminderung der Staatenlosigkeit) er vedhæftet denne besvarelse.

Den tyske statsborgerskabslev opstiller en række kriterier for tlldelingen af statsborgerskab, herunder (i

ambassadens uofficfelle oversættelse):

"§ 10 (1) En udlænding, som i otte §r har haft retmæssigt sædvanligt ophold i landet og som er habil efter

37 stk. 1, pkt. 1 eller har en legal repræsentant, skal efter ansøgning tildeles statsborgerskab, hvis han

1. bekender sig til den frie demokratiske grundordning i Forbundsrepublikken Tysklands grundlov og

erklærer, at han ikke forfølger eller støtter eller har forfulgt eller har støttet bestræbelser, som

a) er imod den frie demokratiske grundordning, imod forbundets eller en delstats eksistens eller

sikkerhed eller

b) p§ ulovlig vis har til form§/ at hæmme embedsførelsen ved forfatningsorganer p§ forbundsniveau eller

ved en delstat eller hos medlemmer af disse eller

c) bringer tyske udenrigspolitiske interesser i fare ved anvendelse af vold eller forberedelser hertu

En officiel engelsk oversættelse af den tyske statsborgerskabslov (Nationality Aet) er vedhæftet denne

besvarelse.

Det er muligt for tyske myndigheder at standse tildelingen af statsborgerskab til statsløse, hvis disse

vurderes at udgøre en trussel imod den offentlige og demokratiske orden. Statsborgerskabslovens § 11

indeholder en bestemmelse om, at tildeling af statsborgerskab er udelukket, hvis den pågældende ansøger

ikke bekender sig til den demokratiske grundorden. Proceduren for at søge oplysninger herom er beskrevet

i statsborgerskabslovens § 37 (2) og indebærer, at immigrationsmyndighederne kontakter den tyske

indenrigsefterretningstjeneste (''Verfassungsschutz") og anmoder om en vurdering af alle ansøgere, der

opfylder forudsætningerne for at opnå tysk statsborgerskab. Såfremt efterretningstjenesten finder

anledning til at påpege konkrete, alvorlige sikkerhedsmæssige problemer med en ansøger, vil denne blive

IFU, Alm.del - 2016-17 - Supplerende svar på spørgsmål 8: Spm. om, hvorfor ministeren ikke – end ikke i fortrolig form – ønsker at oversende kommunikationen med ni lande, som regeringen har konsulteret om mulige ændringer eller omfortolkninger af statsløsekonventionen af 1961, til udlændinge-, integrations- og boligministeren

nægtet tysk statsborgerskab.

Det tyske indenrigsministerium vurderer, at denne praksis er i fuld overensstemmelse med Konventionen af

1961. Indenrigsministeriet vurderer på denne baggrund, at der ikke er behov for at tilpasse Konventionen

af 1961

da denne allerede giver statsparterne tilstrækkelige muligheder for at nægte statsborgerskab til

personer, der har begået kriminalitet eller vurderes at udgøre en risiko for den offentlige eller demokratiske

orden. Indenrigsministeriet vurderer ikke, at der er behov for at sænke grænsen for, hvornår en statsløs

kan nægtes statsborgerskab ved lovovertrædelser fra de nuværende fem år.

3. Ville Tyskland være interesseret i at.deltage i en_dialog_om mulighederne fo[_at ændre Artikel 1 (2) (c) i

Konventionen af 1961? Hvilke udfordringer kunne man forudse i en sådan proces?

Det tyske indenrigsministerium vurderer, at Konventionen allerede giver tilstrækkelig mulighed for at

tilbageholde statsborgerskab for personer, der har begået alvorlig kriminalitet eller udgør en trussel for den

offentlige og demokratiske orden (jf. spørgsmål 2). Indenrigsministeriet vurderer på denne baggrund, at det

ikke vil være relevant for Tyskland at deltage i en sådan debat.

Ambassaden har talt med Hr. Benz fra Indenrigsministeriets statsborgerskabskontor.

Amb. Berlin / Steffen Horsmann

STEFFEN HORSMANN /

[email protected]

Ambassadefuldmægtig/ Politisk-økonomisk sektion

DIREKTE +49 (O) 30 5050 2205

MOBIL +49 (0) 170 92 55120

KONGELIG DANSK AMBASSADE, BERLIN

RAUCHSTR. 1 / D-10787 BERLIN

TELEFON +49 (30) 5050 2000 /

TYSKLAND.UM.DK

Oslo ([email protected]), Helsinki ([email protected]), Bruxelles hovedpostkasse ([email protected]), Haag

([email protected]), Paris ([email protected]), Berlin ([email protected]), London ([email protected]), Stockholm

([email protected]), Wien ([email protected])

Mette Nørgaard Dissing-Spandet ([email protected]), Lars von Spreckelsen-Syberg ([email protected]), Tobias Elling

Cc:

Rehfeld ([email protected]), [email protected] ([email protected]), [email protected] ([email protected]), [email protected] ([email protected])

Fra: Rasmus Nexø Jensen ([email protected])

Titel: Ambassadehøring: FN's konventionen af 1961 om begrænsning af statsløshed

Sendt: 30-06-2016 16: 15:49

TIi:

Instruktion: Andre landes holdning til ændring af FN's konvention af 1961 om begrænsning af

statsløshed

Regeringens koordinationsudvalg har den 27. april 2016 resolveret, at Udlændinge-, Integrations- og

Boligministeriet (UIBM) og Udenrigsministeriet i samarbejde skal undersøge andre landes holdning til et

ønske i regeringen om at ændre FN's konvention af 1961 om begrænsning af statsløshed, så den i højere

grad tager højde for nutidens udfordringer ved tildeling af statsborgerskab - f.eks. i forhold til terrorisme.

Det fremgår af forelæggelsesmaterialet for koordinationsudvalget, at det er regeringens opfattelse, at det

bør genovervejes, hvorvidt konventionen fortsat skal forpligte en medlemsstat til at tildele statsborgerskab

til personer omfattet af konventionen, der er under mistanke for at have begået en forbrydelse mod statens

sikkerhed, eller til personer omfattet af konventionen, der er idømt en fængselsstraf 2,5 år eller derover

(mindre end 5 år), at det bør genovervejes, hvorvidt en medlemsstat fortsat skal være forpligtet til at

tildele statsborgerskab til personer omfattet af konventionen, som vurderes at kunne være til fare for

landets sikkerhed (eksempelvis af den nationale efterretningstjeneste), samt at det bør

undersøges, hvorvidt en ansøgning om dansk indfødsret fra en person omfattet af Statsløsekonventionen,

hvor f.eks. den nationale efterretningstjeneste vurderer, at den pågældende kan være til fare for landets

sikkerhed, kan stilles i bero.

Det kan herudover til generel baggrund anføres, at det fremgår af Venstres udlændingeudspil fra august

2014 (vedhæftet), at Venstre ønsker at undgå, at statsløse, der af Politiets Efterretningstjeneste (PET)

vurderes at være til fare for rigets sikkerhed, har et retskrav på at få dansk statsborgerskab, og at Venstre

vil tage initiativ til en ændret fortolkning eller om nødvendigt en indholdsmæssig ændring af

Statsløsekonventionen. Herudover udtalte udlændinge-, Integrations og boligministeren på et samråd den 1.

oktober 2015 i Folketingets Indfødsretsudvalg, at ministeren agter at tage kontakt til FN's

AKT 109746

Dokument 2 :c:::: [ Tyskland svar pa

honng]

Ein Service des Bundesministeriums der Justiz und fur Verbraucherschutz

in Zusammenarbeit mit der juris GmbH- www.juris.de

Ausfuhrungsgesetz zu dem Obereinkommen vom 30. August

1961 zur Verminderung der Staatenlosigkeit und zu dem

Obereinkommen vom 13. September 1973 zur Verringerung

der Falle von Staatenlosigkeit (Gesetz zur Verminderung der

Staaten losigkeit)

StaatenlMindUbkAG

Ausfertigungsdatum: 29.06.1977

Vollzitat:

"Gesetz zur Verminderung der Staatenlosigkeit vom 29. Juni 1977 (BGBI. IS. 1101), das durch Artikel 3 § 4 des

Gesetzes vom 15. Juli 1999 (BGBI.

r s.

1618) geandert worden ist"

stand:

FuBnote

(+++

Geandert durch Art. 3§ 4 G v. 15.7.199911618

Textnachweis ab: 7.6.1977 +++)

Art 1

Das Obereinkommen vom 30. August 1961 zur Verminderung der Staatenlosigkeit (BGBI. 1977 li S. 597) wird

angewandt

1. zur Beseitigung von Staatenlosigkeit auf Personen, die staatenlos nach Artikel 1 Abs. 1 des Obereinkommens

vom 28. September 1954 Ober die Rechtsstellung der Staatenlosen (BGBI. 1976 li S. 473) sind;

2. zur Verhinderung von Staatenlosigkeit oder Erhaltung der Staatsangehorigkeit auf Deutsche nach Artikel 116

Abs. 1 des Grundgesetzes.

Die Verleihung der Staatsangehorigkeit zur Beseitigung von Staatenlosigkeit erfolgt durch Einburgerung.

Art 2

Ein seit der Geburt Staatenloser ist auf seinen Antrag einzuburgern, wenn er

1. im Geltungsbereich dieses Gesetzes oder an Bord eines Schiffes, das berechtigt ist, die Bundesflagge der

Bundesrepublik Oeutschland zu fuhren. oder in einem Luftfahrzeug, das das Staatszugehorigkeitszeichen der

Bundesrepublik Oeutschland fuhrt, geboren ist,

2. seit funf Jahren rechtmaBig seinen dauernden Aufenthalt im Geltungsbereich dieses Gesetzes hat und

3. den Antrag vor der Vollendung des einundzwanzigsten Lebensjahres stellt,

es sei denn, daB er rechtskraftig zu einer Freiheits- oder Jugendstrafe von fi.inf Jahren oder mehr verurteilt

worden ist. Fur das Verfahren bei der EinbOrgerung einschlieBlich der Bestimmung der ortlichen Zustandigkeit

gelten die Vorschriften des Staatsangehorigkeitsrechts.

Art 3 u. 4 ••••

Art 5

Dieses Gesetz gilt nach MaBgabe des§ 13 Abs. 1 des Dritten Oberleitungsgesetzes auch im Land Berlin.

Art 6

Dieses Gesetz tritt am Tage nach der Verkundung in Kraft.

• Seite 1 von 1

AKT 109746

Dokument 3

== [

Tyskland svar pa hanng]

"'=

Nationality Aet

of 22 J uly 1913 (Reich Law Gazette I p. 583 - Federal Law Gazette III 102-1), as last

amended by Article 1 of the

Second Aet Amending the Nationality Aet

of 13

November 2014 (Federal Law Gazette I p. 1714)

Section 1

[Definition of a German]

A German within the meaning of this Aet is a person who possesses German

citizenship.

Section 2

(Repealed)

Section 3

[Acquisition of citizenship]

(1) Citizenship is acquired

by birth (Section 4),

by a declaration pursuant to Section 5,

by adoption as a child (Section 6),

by issuance of the certificate pursuant to Section 15, sub-section 1 or 2 of the

Federal Expellees Aet (Section 7)

4a. for Germans without German citizenship within the meaning of Article 116,

paragraph 1 of the Basic Law, under the procedure laid down in Section 40a

below (Section 40a),

Tilles in square brackets are not official titles.

-2-

for a foreigner by naturalization (Sections 8 to 16, 40b and 40c).

(2) German citizenship shall also be acquired by any person who has been treated by

German public authorities as a German national for 12 years and this has been due

to circumstances beyond his or her control. In particular, any person who has been

issued a certificate of nationality, a passport or a national identity card shall be

treated as a German national. Acquisition of citizenship shall apply as of the date

when the person was deemed to have acquired German citizenship by treating him

or her

as a

German national. The acquisition of German citizenship shall extend to

those descendants who derive their status as Germans from the beneficiary pursuant

to sentence 1.

Section 4

[Acquisition by birth]

(1) A child shall acquire German citizenship by birth if one parent possesses German

citizenship. Where at the time of the birth only the father is a German national, and

where for proof of descent under German law recognition or determination of

paternity is necessary, acquisition shall be dependent on recognition or determination

of paternity with legal effect under German law; the declaration of recognition must

be submitted or the procedure for determination must have commenced befare the

child reaches the age of 23.

(2) A child which is found on German territory (foundling) shall be deemed to be the

child of a German until otherwise proven. The first sentence shall apply mutatis

mutandis to a child born to a mother under condition of anonymity in accordance with

Section 25 (1) of the Aet to Prevent and Resolve Conflicts in Pregnancy (SchKG).

(3) A child of foreign parents shall acquire German citizenship by birth in Germany if

one parent

has been legally ordinarily resident in Germany for eight years and

has been granted a permanent right of residence or as a national of Switzerland

or as a family member of a national of Switzerland possesses a residence

permit on the basis of the Agreement of 21 June 1999 between the European

Community and its Member States on the one hand and the Swiss

Confederation on the ether hand on the free movement of persons (Federal

Law Gazette 2001 li p. 810).

-3-

The acquisition of German citizenship shall be recorded by the registrar responsible

for certifying the child's birth. The Federal Ministry af the lnterior shall, with the

consent of the

Bundesrat,

be authorized to issue regulations concerning the

procedure for recording the acquisition of citizenship pursuant to sentence 1 by way

of ordinance.

(4) German citizenship shall not be acquired pursuant to sub-section 1 in case of

birth abroad if the German parent was bom abroad after

December

1999

and is

ordinarily resident abroad, unless the child would otherwise become stateless. The

legal consequence pursuant to sentence 1 shall not ensue if within a year after the

child's birth an application for certification of the birth pursuant to Section 36 of the

Civil Status Aet is filed; to observe this deadline it shall be sufficient if the application

is received within the above deadline by the competent diplomatic mission. Where

both parents are German nationals, the legal consequences pursuant to sentence

shall ensue only if they both fulfill the conditions stipulated therein.

Section 5

[Right of declaration for children born before 1 July 1993]

By declaring a wish to become a German national, a child born befare

July

1993

a German father and a foreign mother shall acquire German citizenship if

paternity has been recognised or determined with legal effect under German

law,

the child has been legally ordinarily resident in the federal territory for three

years and

the declaration is submitted prior to the child's 23

birthday.

Section 6

[Acquisition by adoption as a child]

A child who is below eighteen years af age at the time of application for adoption

shall acquire citizenship as a result of valid adoption by a German under German

law. The acquisition of citizenship shall extend to the child's descendants.

-4-

Section 7

[Acquisition by issuance of the certificate pursuant to

Section 15, sub-section 1 or 2 of the Federal Expellees Aet]

Repatriates of German ancestry and their family members included in the admission

notice shall acquire the German citizenship when they are issued a repatriates

certificate in accordance with Section 15, sub-section 1 or 2 of the Federal Expellees

Aet.

Section 8

[Discretionary naturalization]

(1) A foreigner who is legally ordinarily resident in Germany may be naturalized upon

application provided that he or she

possesses legal capacity pursuant to Section 80, sub-section 1 of the

Residence Aet or has a legal representative,

has not been sentenced for an unlawful aet and is not subject to any court arder

imposing a measure of reform and prevention due to a lack of criminal capacity,

has found a dwelling of his or her own or accommodation and

is able to support himself or herself and his or her dependents.

(2) The requirements stipulated in sub-section 1, sentence 1, nos. 2 and 4 may be

waived on grounds of public interest or in arder to avoid special hardship.

Section 9

[Naturalization of spouses or life partners of Germans]

(1) Spouses or life partners of Germans should be naturalized in keeping with the

requirements set out in Section 8, if

they lose or give up their previous citizenship or a ground

exists

for accepting

multiple nationality pursuant to Section 12 and

it is ensured that they will conform to the German way of life,

-5-

unless they do not have sufficient command of the German language (Section 1 O

sub-section 1, sentence 1, no. 6 and sub-section 4) and do not fulfill any condition

that would justify an exception under Section

10,

sub-section

(2) The provision pursuant to sub-section 1 shall also apply if naturalization is applied

for within ane year of the German spouse's death or of a ruling dissolving the

marriage becoming final and the applicant is entitled to custody of a child issuing

from the marriage who already possesses German citizenship.

(3) (repealed)

Section 10

[Entitlement to naturalization;

derivative naturalization of spouses and minor children]

(1) A foreigner who has been legally ordinarily resident in Germany for eight years

and possesses legal capacity pursuant to Section 80 of the Residence Aet or has a

legal representative shall be naturalized upon application if he or she

confirms his or her commitment to the free democratic constitutional system

enshrined in the Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany and declares

that he or she does not pursue or support and has never pursued or supported

any activities

a) aimed at subverting the free demecratic constitutional system, the existence

or security of the Federation or a

Land

b) aimed at illegally impeding the constitutional bodies of the Federation or a

Land

or the members of said bodies in discharging their duties er

c) any activities which jeopardize foreign interests of the Federal Republic of

Germany through the use of violence er preparatory actions for the use of

violence,

or credibly asserts that he or she has distanced himself or herself from the

former pursuit er support of such activities,

has been granted a permanent right of residence or as a national ef Switzerland

or as a family member of a national of Switzerland possesses a residence

permit on the basis of the Agreement of 21 June 1999 between the European

-6-

Community and its Member States on the one hand and the Swiss

Confederation on the other hand on the free movement of persons or

possesses an EU Blue Card or a residence permit for purposes other than

those specified in Sections 16, 17, 20, 22, 23, sub-section 1, Section 23a, 24

and Section 25, sub-sections 3 to 5 of the Residence Aet.

is able to ensure his er her own subsistence and the subsistence of his or her

dependents without recourse to benefits in accordance with Book Two ar Book

Twelve of the Social Code ar recourse to such benefits is due to conditions

beyond his or her control,

gives up er loses his or her previous citizenship,

has not been sentenced for an unlawful aet and is not subject to any court arder

imposing a measure of reform and prevention due to a lack of criminal capacity,

possesses an adequate knowledge af German and

possesses knowledge of the legal system, society and living conditions in

Germany.

The conditions under sentence 1, numbers 1 and 7 do not apply to foreigners who do

not have legal capacity pursuant to Section 80, sub-section 1 of the Residence Aet.

(2) The foreigner's spouse and miner children may be naturalized together with the

foreigner in accordance with sub-section (1), irrespective of whether they have been

lawfully resident in Germany for eight years.

(3) Upon a foreigner confirming successful attendance of an integration course by

presenting a certificate issued by the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees

(BMAF), the qualifying period stipulated in sub-section 1 shall be reduced to seven

years. This qualifying period may be reduced to six years if the foreigner has made

outstanding efforts at integration exceeding the requirements under sub-section 1,

sentence 1, no. 6, especially if he or she can demonstrate his or her command of the

German language.

(4) The conditions specified in sub-section 1, sentence 1, no. 6 are fulfilled if the

foreigner passes the oral and written language examinations leading to the

Zertifikat

Deutsch

(equivalent of level B 1 in the Common European Framework of Reference

for Languages). Where a miner child is under 16 years af age at the time of

-7-

naturalization the conditions of sub-section 1, sentence 1 , no. 6 shall be fulfilled if the

child demonstrates age-appropriate language skills.

(5) As a rule, the conditions specified in sub-section 1, sentence 1, no. 7 shall be

fulfilled if the foreigner has passed the naturalization test. To prepare for the test,

foreigners may participate in voluntary integration courses.

(6) The requirements af sub-section 1, sentence 1, nos. 6 and 7 shall be waived if the

foreigner is unable to fulfill them on account of a physical, mental ar psychological

illness ar disability ar on account of his ar her age.

(7) The Federal Ministry of the lnterior shall be authorized, without the need for

approval by the

Bundesrat,

to issue ordinances defining the test and certification

requirements as well as the basic structure and contents af the naturalization courses

under sub-section 5, based an the contents of the orientation course under Section

43, sub-section 3, sentence 1 of the Residence Aet.

Section 11

[Grounds for exclusion]

Naturalization shall not be allowed

if there are concrete, justifiable grounds to assume that the foreigner is pursuing

or supperting ar has pursued or supported activities aimed at subverting the

free democratic constitutional system, the existence or security af the

Federation ar a

Land

or at illegally impeding the constitutional bodies of the

Federation ar a

Land

ar the members of said bodies in discharging their duties

ar any activities which jeopardize foreign interests af the Federal Republic af

Germany through the use af violence ar preparatory actions for the use of

violence, unless he or she credibly asserts that he ar she has distanced himself

ar herself from the former pursuit or support of such activities, or

if a ground for expulsion applies pursuant to Section 54, nas. 5 and 5a of the

Residence Aet.

Sentence 1 , no. 2 shall apply

mutatis mutandis

for foreigners within the meaning af

Section 1, sub-section 2 af the Residence Aet and also for nationals of Switzerland

and their family members possessing a residence permit on the basis of the

Agreement af 21 June 1999 between the European Community and its Member

-8-

States on the one hand and the Swiss Confederation on the other hand on the free

movement of persons.

Section 12

[Naturalization accepting multiple nationality]

(1) The condition stipulated in Section 10, sub-section 1, sentence 1, no. 4 shall be

waived if the foreigner is unable to give up his or her previous citizenship, ar if doing

so would entail particularly difficult conditions. This is to be assumed if

the law af the foreign state makes no provision for giving up its citizenship,

the foreign state regularly refuses to grant release from citizenship,

the foreign state has refused to grant release from citizenship for reasons for

which the foreigner is not responsible, ar attaches unreasonable conditions to

release from citizenship ar has failed to reach a decision within a reasonable

time an the application for release from citizenship which has been submitted in

due and complete form,

the subsequent multiple nationality represents the sole obstacle to the

naturalization af alder persons, the process for release from citizenship entails

unreasonable difficulties and failure to grant naturalization would constitute

special hardship,

in giving up his ar her foreign citizenship the foreigner would incur substantial

disadvantages beyond the loss of his ar her civic rights, in particular such

disadvantages af an economic ar property-related nature, or

the foreigner holds a trave! document in accordance with Article 28 af the

Convention relating to the Status af Refugees af 28 Juty 1951 (Federal Law

Gazette 1953 li, p. 559).

(2) The condition stipulated in Section 10, sub-section 1, sentence 1, no. 4 shall

further be waived if the foreigner holds the citizenship af another member state of the

European Union ar Switzerland.

-9-

(3) Further exemptions from the condition stipulated in Section 10, sub-section 1,

sentence

1 ,

no.

may be granted pursuant to the provisions of agreements under

international law.

Section 12a

[Decision in case of conviction for an offence]

(1)

The following shall not be taken into consideration in the process of naturalization:

the imposition af educational ar disciplinary measures under the Juvenile Court

Aet,

sentencing to fines af up to 90 daily rates and

the imposition af suspended sentences af up to three months' imprisonment

which are waived after expiry of the probationary period.

Where more than one term af imprisonment or more than one fine have been

imposed pursuant to sentence 1, nas. 2 and 3, they shall be cumulated, unless the

court imposes a lower aggregate punishment; where a fine and imprisonment are

imposed simultaneously, ane daily rate equals one day's imprisonment. lf the

punishment or the total of all punishments slightly exceeds the framework under

sentences 1 and 2, it shall be decided an the merits af the individual case whether it

can be disregarded. Where a measure of reform and prevention under Section

61,

no. 5 or no. 6 af the Criminal Code has been imposed, it shall be decided on the

merits af the individual case whether this measure af reform and prevention can be

disregarded.

(2)

Foreign convictions shall be considered if the offence concerned is to be regarded

as liable to prosecution in Germany, the sentence has been passed in proceedings

conducted in accordance with the rule of law and the sentence is commensurate.

Such a conviction cannot be considered if its removal from the records would be

required in accordance with the Federal Central Criminal Register Aet. Sub-section 1

shall apply

mutatis mutandis.

(3)

lf a foreigner who has applied for naturalization is under investigation on suspicion

of having committed an offence, the decision on naturalization shall be deferred until

conclusion of the proceedings, and in the case of conviction until the judgment

becomes unappealable. The same shall apply if the imposition of youth custody is

suspended pursuant to Section

af the Juvenile Court Aet.

- 10-

(4) Convictions abroad and criminal investigations and proceedings which are

pending abroad shall be stated in the application for naturalization.

Section 12b

[lnterruptions of residence]

(1) Ordinary residence in Germany shall not be considered interrupted by stays

abroad of up to six months in duration. In case of longer stays abroad, ordinary

residence in Germany shall be considered to continue if the foreigner re-enters the

federal territory within the deadline stipulated by the fareigners authority. The same

shall apply if the deadline is exceeded solely an account of the foreigner carrying out

statutory military service in his ar her country af origin and the fareigner re-enters the

federal territory within three manths af discharge from military or cammunity service.

(2) lf the foreigner has resided abroad for over six months for a reason of a non

temporary nature, the previous period of residence in Germany may be counted

towards the duration of residence which is necessary for the purposes of

naturalization, up to a period of five years.

(3) lnterruptians in the lawfulness of residence shall be disregarded if they arise as a

result of the foreigner having failed to apply in good time for initial issuance or

subsequent extension of the residence title.

Section 13

[Discretionary naturalization of former Germans abroad]

A former German and his or her miner children who are ordinarily resident abroad

may be naturalized on application if they meet the requirements of Section 8, sub

section 1 , nas. 1 and 2.

Section 14

[General discretionary naturalization abroad]

A foreigner who is ordinarily resident abroad may be naturalized subject to the other

conditions of Sections 8 and 9 if ties with Germany exist which justify naturalization.

- 11 -

Section 15

(Repealed)

Section 16

[Certificate of naturalization]

Naturalization sha/1 become effective upon delivery af the certificate af naturalization

issued by the competent administrative authority. Befare the certificate is handed

over to the foreigner he ar she shall make the following solemn statement: "I

solemnly declare that I will respect and observe the Basic Law and the laws af the

Federal Republic af Germany, and that I will refrain from any activity which might

cause it harm." Section 10, sub-section 1, sentence 2 shall apply

mutatis mutandis.

Section 17

[Loss of citizenship]

(1) Citizenship shall be lost

by release from citizenship (Sections 18 to 24),

by acquisition af a foreign citizenship (Section 25),

by renunciation (Section 26),

by adoption by a foreigner (Section 27),

by joining the armed forces ar a comparable armed organization af a foreign

state (Section 28) ar

by a declaration (Section 29) ar

by revocation of an unlawful administrative aet (Section 35),

(2) Lass of citizenship pursuant to sub-section 1 no. 7 does not affect German

citizensh ip af third persons obtained by law, if they have reached the age of five.

(3) Sub-section 2 shall apply, mutatis mutandis, to decisions pursuant to ether acts

which would result in the retroactive loss af German citizenship of third persons, in

- 12 -

particular in the case of withdrawal of a settlement permit under Section 51, sub

section 1, no. 3 of the Residence Aet, in the case of withdrawal of a certificate under

Section 15 of the Federal Expellees Aet and where non-existence of paternity is

determined under Section 1599 of the Civil Code. The first sentence shall not apply if

paternity is contested pursuant to Section 1600, sub-section 1, no. 5 and sub-section

3 of the Civil Code.

Section 18

[Release from citizenship]

A German shall, on application, be released from citizenship if he or she has applied

for a foreign citizenship and the competent body has furnished an assurance that

such citizenship will be granted.

Section 19

[Release from citizenship of a person in parental custody

or in the care of a guardian]

(1) Application for the release from citizenship of a person in parental custody or in

the care of a guardian may be filed by the legal representative only and shall require

approval from the German family court.

(2) The approval of the family court shall not be required where the father or mother

applies for release from citizenship for himself or herself and for a child at the same

time by virtue of the right of custody and the applicant is entitled to custody for the

child concerned.

Section 20

(Repealed)

Section 21

(Repealed)

-13-

Section 22

[Refusal of release from citizenship]

Release from citizenship must not be granted to:

Civil servants, judges, Federal Armed Forces soldiers and other persons

employed in a service ar official capacity under public law, for as long as they

remain employed in said service or official capacity, with the exception of

persons employed in an honorary capacity.

Persons liable for military service, until it is confirmed by the Federal Ministry of

Defence or a body designated by the said Ministry that no reservations exist

regarding release from citizenship.

Section 23

[Certificate of release]

Release from citizenship shall become effective upon delivery of the certificate of

release from citizenship issued by the competent administrative authority.

Section 24

[lnvalidity of release from citizenship]

The release from citizenship shall be deemed to be null and void if the released

person fails to acquire the foreign citizenship of which he or she was assured within

one year of issuance of the certificate of release.

Section 25

[Loss of citizenship on acquisition of a foreign citizenship following due

application for the same; approval of retention of citizenship]

(1) A German shall lose his or her citizenship upon acquiring a foreign citizenship

where such acquisition results from an application filed by the German concerned or

his or her legal representative, whereas the represented person shall suffer such loss

only if the qualifying conditions for application for release from citizenship apply as

stipulated in Section 19. The loss under sentence 1 shall not take effect if a German

acquires the citizenship of another member state of the European Union, Switzerland

- 14 -

or of a state with which the Federal Republic of Germany has signed a treaty under

Section 12, sub-section 3.

(2) Citizenship shall not be lost by any person who, prior to acquiring foreign

citizenship following their application for the same, received written approval from

their competent authority for retention af their citizenship. Where an applicant is

ordinarily resident abroad, the German diplomatic mission abroad shall be consulted

in this connection. The public and private interests shall be weighed up in reaching

the decision an an application pursuant to sentence 1. With regard to an applicant

who is ordinarily resident abroad, special consideration shall be accorded to the

question af whether he or she is able to furnish credible evidence af continuing ties

with Germany.

(3) (repealed)

Section 26

[Renunciation]

(1) A German may renounce his ar her citizenship if he or she possesses several

nationalities. Such a renunciation shall be declared in writing.

(2) The written renunciation shall require the approval of the authority which is

competent pursuant to Section 23 for issuing the certificate af release. Such approval

shall be withheld if release may not be granted pursuant to Section 22; this sha/1 not

apply, however, if the person renouncing citizenship

has been permanently resident abroad for at least ten years or

has performed military service in one af the states whose citizenship he holds

as a person liable for military service within the meaning of Section 22, no. 2.

(3) The loss of citizenship shall take effect upon delivery af the certificate of

renunciation issued by the approving authority.

(4) Section 19 shall apply

mutatis mutandis

for miners.

- 15 -

Section 27

(Loss of citizenship on adoption by a foreigner]

A German under the age af majority shall lose his ar her citizenship as a result af

adoption by a foreigner in accordance with German law, if he or she acquires the

adopting person's citizenship by virtue of such adoption. The loss of citizenship shall

extend to his or her descendants where the acquisition of citizenship by the adoptee

pursuant to sentence 1 also extends to the descendants. The loss under sentence 1

or sentence 2 shall not take effect if the adoptee or his or her descendants maintain a

legal relation to their German parent.

Section 28

[Loss of citizenship as a result of joining the armed forces or

a comparable armed organization of a foreign state]

A German who, without the consent of the Federal Ministry of Defense or a body

designated by the said Ministry, voluntarily enlists with the armed forces ar a

comparable armed organization of a foreign state whose citizenship he ar she

possesses, shall lose German citizenship. This shall not apply if he or she is entitled

to enlist in the aforesaid manner by virtue of an inter-governmental agreement.

Section 29

[Declaration]

(1) The following persons are required to declare whether they wish to retain their

German or foreign citizenship:

1. persons who have acquired German citizenship pursuant to Section 4 (3) or

Section 40b,

2. persons who did not grow up in Germany in accordance with subsection 1 a,

3. persons having a foreign citizenship ether than citizenship of a European Union

Member State or Switzerland, and

4. persons who within a year of their 21st birthday have been notified of the

requirement to declare pursuant to subsection 5, fifth sentence.

- 16 -

Persons required to declare must declare atter their 21 st birthday whether they wish

to retain their German or their foreign citizenship. The declaration shall be submitted

in writing.

(1 a) A German as defined in subsection 1 shall be regarded as having grown up in

Germany if, by his or her 21st birthday, he or she

1. has normally resided in Germany for eight years,

2. has attended school in Germany for six years, or

3. has completed school or occupational training in Germany.

Persons having a similarly close relation to Germany in the individual case and for

whom having to declare would represent a special hardship under the circumstances

of the case shall also be regarded as having grown up in Germany as defined in the

first sentence.

(2) lf the German required to declare pursuant to subsection 1 declares a wish to

retain the foreign citizenship, German citizenship shall be lost when the competent

authority receives the declaration.

(3) lf the German pursuant to subsection 1 declares a wish to retain German

citizenship, he or she shall be obliged to furnish proof that he or she has given up or

lost the foreign citizenship. lf the loss of the foreign citizenship does not go into effect

within two years of notification of the requirement to declare pursuant to subsection 5,

German citizenship shall be lost, unless pursuant to subsection 1 the German

received prior written approval from the competent authority to retain German

citizenship (retention approval). The application for retention approval, including as a

precautionary measure, may only be filed within one year of notification of the

requirement to declare pursuant to subsection 5. The loss af German citizenship shall

not take effect until the rejection of the application becomes legally valid. The

possibility of provisional legal redress pursuant to Section 123 of the Code of

Administrative Procedure shall remain unaffected.

(4) The retention approval pursuant to subsection 3 shall be granted where

renunciation or loss of the foreign citizenship is not possible or cannot reasonably be

expected or where acceptance of multiple citizenship would be required in case of

naturalization in accordance with Section 12.

-17-

(5) At the request af a German who acquired German citizenship pursuant to Section

4 (3) or Section 40b, the competent authority sha/1 establish the continuation of

German citizenship in accordance with subsection 6 if the necessary conditions are

met. lf the continuation of German citizenship has not been established by the

German's 21 st birthday, the competent authority shall use the registration data to

determine whether the conditions of subsection 1 a, first sentence, no. 1 are met. lf

this is not possible to determine, the authority shall inform the person in question af

the possibility to provide evidence that the conditions of subsection 1 a have been

met. lf such evidence is provided, the competent authority shall establish the

continuation af German citizenship in accordance with subsection 6. lf no evidence is

provided, the competent authority shall notify the person in question of his or her

obligations and the possible legal consequences as set out in subsections 2 to 4.

This notification shall be formally served. The provisions of the Aet on Service in

Administrative Procedure shall apply.

(6) The continuation or loss af German citizenship in accordance with this provision

shall be determined ex officio. The Federal Ministry of the lnterior may, by ordinance

with the consent of the Bundesrat, issue provisions regulating the procedure to

determine the continuation or loss af German citizenship.

Section 30

[Establishment of German citizenship]

(1) Possession or lack of German citizenship shall be established by the nationality

authority upon application. The outcome of this assessment shall be binding in all

matters for which possession or Jack of German citizenship is of legal relevance. In

the case of a public interest, possession of German citizenship ar lack thereof may

be established upon the competent authority's own motion.

(2) To establish possession af German citizenship it shall be required and sufficient

to give reliable evidence that German citizenship was acquired and has not since

been lost by furnishing documents, extracts from the citizens' registers

(Melderegister)

or other written evidence. Section 3, sub-section 2 remains

unaffected.

(3) Where possession of German citizenship has been established upon application,

the nationality authority shall issue a certificate of nationality. Upon request, the

nationality authority shall issue a certificate confirming non-possession of German

citizenship.

§Section 31

[Personal data]

Nationality authorities and diplomatic missions abroad may collect, store, modify and

use personal data insofar as this is necessary to discharge their duties under this Aet

and in accordance with provisions relating to nationality contained in other acts. For

the purpose of deciding on the citizenship of persons specified in Article 116,

paragraph 2 of the Basic Law, such information may also be collected, stored or

modified and used which relates to the political, racial or religious reasons due to

which these persons were deprived of their German citizenship between 30 January

1933 and 8 May 1945.

Section 32

[Transmission of data to nationality authorities]

(1) Public bodies sha/1 transmit personal data to the bodies specified in Section 31

upon request, insofar as knowledge of these data is necessary to discharge the

duties referred to in Section 31. Public bodies shall transmit these data to the

competent nationality authority even without a request if the public body considers

such transmission to be necessary for the nationality authority to decide en a pending

application for naturalization or loss or non-acquisition af German citizenship. With

regard to naturalization procedures, this refers particularly to data relating to the

initiation and execution of criminal proceedings, proceedings for the collection af

fines, and extradition procedures af which the foreigners authorities have obtained

knowledge pursuant to section 87, sub-section 4 af the Residence Aet. The data

referred to in sentence 3 shall be transmitted without delay to the competent

nationality authority.

(2) Personal data shall not be transferred pursuant to sub-section 1 if such transfer is

precluded by special statutory regulations on the use of the said data.

Section 33

[Register of decisions relating to nationality law]

(1) The Federal Office af Administration (registration authority) maintains a register of

decisions relating to citizenship matters. The following shall be entered into the

- 19 -

decisions on certificates on nationality;

decisions on the statutory loss of German citizenship;

decisions en the acquisition, possession and loss of German citizenship made

between 31 December 1960 and 28 August 2007.

(2) More specifically, the following items af information may be stored in the register:

the basic personal data of the person concerned (sumame, surname at birth,

former surnames, given names, date and place of birth, sex, the faet that under

Section 29 German citizenship may be lost, as well as the postal address at the

date of the decision);

the way in which, and the date when the decision ar certificate or the loss of

citizenship shall take effect;

name, postal address and file reference of the authority which made the

decision.

(3) The nationality authorities shall be obliged to immediately transmit all personal

data specified in sub-section 2 relating to decisions made under sub-section 1,

sentence 2, nos. 1 and 2 after 28 August 2007 to the registration authority.

(4) The registration authority shall transmit the data referred to in sub-section 2 to the

nationality authorities and diplomatic missions abroad upon their request insofar as

knowledge af the data is necessary to discharge their duties relating to nationality

law. The provisions of the Federal Data Protection Aet shall apply to the transmission

to ether public bodies ar for research purposes.

(5) The nationality authority shall transmit the data specified in sub-section 2 to the

competent authority to which a person must report his/her current address or to the

competent diplomatic mission abroad immediately atter it has established that a

person has been naturalized, retains German citizenship or has lost, renounced or

never acquired German citizenship.

-20-

Section 34

[Opting procedure]

(1) To implement the opting procedure, in the cases of Section 29 (5), second

sentence, the competent authority to which the person must report his/her current

address (residents' registration authority) shall transmit, by the tenth day of each

calendar month, to the competent nationality authority the foliowing personal data

relating to persons who will turn 21 in the foliowing month:

1. surname,

2. previous names,

3. given names,

4. current and previous addresses and, in case of immigration from abroad, the last

previous address in Germany,

5. date moved in, date moved out, date last moved out of a home in Germany and

date last moved to Germany from abroad,

6. date and place of birth,

7. sex,

8. current citizenships, including the faet that under Section 29 the person may lose

German citizenship.

(2) It a person referred to in subsection 1 has moved to a foreign country, the

residents' registration authority shall transfer the data specified in subsection 1, the

date when the person moved abroad and the new address abroad, it known, to the

Federal Office of Administration within the period specified in subsection 1. In case of

immigration from abroad, the first sentence shall apply mutatis mutandis.

Section 35

[Withdrawal of an unlawful naturalization or permission to retain German

citizenship]

(1) Any unlawful naturalization or permission to retain German citizenship may be

withdrawn if the administrative aet was obtained under false pretences, by threat or

- 21 -

bribery or by providing incorrect or incomplete information whieh determined the

issuance af this administrative aet.

(2) As a rule, subsequent statelessness of the person concerned shall not preclude

such withdrawal.

(3) Withdrawal is permissible only within five years after notification of the

naturalization or permission to retain German citizenship.

(4)

The administrative aet shall be withdrawn with retroactive effect.

(5)

lf the withdrawal affects the lawfulness of administrative acts issued pursuant to

this present Aet with regard to third persons, a discretionary decision on the merits of

the individual case shall be taken for every person affected. In particular, involvement

of the third person concerned in committing fraud, threat or bribery or in deliberately

providing incorrect or incomplete information an the one hand, and his ar her

legitimate interests an the other, shall be weighed in reaching the decision, also

taking particular account of the welfare af the chi/d.

Section 36

[Naturalization statistics]

(1)

Annual naturalization surveys shall be conducted for the purposes af federal

statistics, beginning in 2000 and relating in each case to the previous calendar year.

(2)

The surveys shall cover the following attributes for each naturalized person:

year of birth,

sex;

marital status,

place af residence at time of naturalization,

duration af residence in the federal territory in years,

legal basis for naturalization,

previous citizenships and

- 22 -

continuation of previous citizenships.

(3) Supplementary attributes covered in the survey shall be:

designations and addresses of those obliged to furnish information pursuant to

sub-section 4,

names and telecommunication numbers af the persons available to answer

queries and

registration number af the naturalized person at the naturalization authority.

(4)

In respect af the surveys there shall be a duty to furnish information. This duty

shall be incumbent an the naturalization authorities. The naturalization authorities

shall furnish the information to the competent statistical offices of the

Lander

1 March each year. Provision of the information pertaining to sub-section 3, no. 2

shall be voluntary.

(5) Transmission af tables containing statistical results, including where a field in a

table only shows a single case, may be effected by the Federal Statistical Office and

by statistical offices af the

Lander

to the competent highest federal and

Land

authorities for use in dealings with the legislative bodies and for planning purposes,

but not for measures pertaining to individual cases.

Section 37

[Procedural provisions]

(1) Section 80, sub-sections 1 and 3 and Section 82 of the Residence Aet shall apply

mutatis mutandis.

(2) The naturalization authorities shall transmit the personal data which they have

stored an applicants aged 16 ar over to the authorities for the protection of the

constitution for the purpose af investigating grounds for exclusion under Section 11.

The authorities for the protection af the constitution shall notify the inquiring body

forthwith in accordance with the applicable special statutory provisions on use of the

said data.

- 23 -

Section 38

[Fees]

(1) In the absence of any statutory provision to the contrary, official acts in citizenship

matters shall be subject to costs (fees and expenses).

(2) The fee for naturalization under this Aet shall be 255 Euros. This fee shall be

reduced to 51 Euros for a minor child which is naturalized at the same time and

which has no independent income within the meaning of the lncome Tax Aet. No fee

shall be payable for the acquisition of German citizenship pursuant to Section 5 and

the naturalization of former Germans who have lost their German citizenship as a

result of marrying a foreigner. Establishment of the possession or non-possession of

the German citizenship under Section 29, sub-section 6 and Section 30, sub-section

1, sentence 3, as well as issuance of a retention approval under Section 29, sub

section 4 are free of charge. The fee stipulated in sentence 1 may be reduced or

renounced on grounds of equity or public interest.

(3) The Federal Minister af the lnterior shall be empowered to determine the

additional circumstances in which fees shall be payable and to make provision in

respect of the leve Is af fees and the reimbursement of expenses via statutory arder

with the approval of the

Bundesrat.

The fee shall not exceed 51 Euros for release

from citizenship, 255 Euros for retention approval and 51 Euros for the certificate of

citizenship and other forms of certification.

Section 38a

[Ban on issuance of

citizenship certificates in electronic form]

It shall not be permissible to issue certification pertaining to citizenship matters in

electronic form.

Section 39

(Repealed)

Section 40

(Repealed)

-24-

Section 40a

[Acquisition of German citizenship by Germans without German citizenship

within the meaning of Article 116, paragraph 1 of the Basic Law]

Any person who, on 1 August 1999, is a German within the meaning of Article 116,

paragraph 1 of the Basic Law without possessing German citizenship shall acquire

German citizenship on the said date. For a repatriate, his or her non-German spouse

and his or her descendants within the meaning of Section 4 of the Federal Expellees

Aet, this shall apply only if they have been issued a certificate pursuant to Section 15,

sub-section 1 or 2 af the Federal Expellees Aet prior to the aforesaid date.

Section 40b

rrransitional provision for children up to the age of ten]

A foreigner who is legally ordinarily resident in Germany on 1 January 2000 and is

under ten years of age shall be naturalized upon application if the conditions

pursuant to Section 4, sub-section 3, sentence 1 were met at the time of his or her

birth and continue to be met. The application can be filed up to 31 December 2000.

Section 40c

rrransitional provision for persons applying for naturalization]

Sections 8 to 14 and Section 40c as last amended befare 28 August 2007 (Federal

Law Gazette I, p. 1970) shall continue to apply to applications for naturalization filed

befare 30 March 2007, as far as these sections contain more lenient provisions.

Section 41

[No possibility of deviation on the part of the

Lander]

Land

law may not deviate from the regulations of the administrative procedure set out

in Sections 32 to 33 and Section 37 (2).

-25-

Section 42

Penal provision

Anyone who furnishes ar uses incorrect ar incomplete information concerning

essential requirements for naturalization with a fraudulent intent to procure

naturalization for themselves ar any third person shall be punished with imprisonment

of up to five years ar a fine.

• ••••

"'= AKT 126598 "'"' Dokument 1 :c:= [ Tyskland - svar pa supplerende horing

] ==

TIi:

Cc:

Fra:

Titel:

Sendt: 13-09-2016 15:39:32

Mette Nørgaard Dissing-Spandet ([email protected]), Rasmus Nexø Jensen ([email protected]), [email protected]

([email protected])

Friis Arne Petersen ([email protected]), Berlin, Polok (lNTERNAL) DL (Distributionsliste)

Steffen Horsmann ([email protected])

Berlin: Svar på supplerende spørgsmål til Berlin, vedr. ambassadehøring: FN's konventionen af

1961

om begrænsning

af statsløshed

Berlin: Svar på supplerende spørgsmål, vedr. ambassadehøring: FN's konventionen af 1961 om

begrænsning af statsløshed

Ambassaden har været r fornyet kontakt med indenrigsministeriets kontor for statsborgerskab. På baggrund

af indenrigsministeriets skriftlige besvarelse af de fremsendte supplerende spørgsmål, fremsendes følgende

besvarelse i ambassadens uofficielle oversættelse. Desuden har ambassaden telefonisk afklaret visse

tvivlsspørgsmål. Det tyske svar vedlægges.

Til spørgsmål 1:

hvilket juridisk grundlag vurderer det tyske indenrigsministerium, at det er i

overensstemmelse med artikel 1(2)(c) i FN's konvention af 1961 om begrænsning af statsløshed at nægte

statsborgerskab

til

statsløse personer, der er født I Tyskland, som alene vurderes at udgøre en risiko for den

offentlige eller demokratiske orden, og

som

ikke er fundet skyldige i en forbrydelse mod statens sikkerhed?

I Tyskland er der indtil nu ingen konkrete tilfælde, hvor tysklandsfødte statsløse, som for det meste stadig

er børn og som efter fem års retmæssigt permanent ophold kan meddeles indfødsret, er blevet nægtet

statsborgerskab pga. sikkerhedsbetænkeligheder.

Hvis en ansøger dog først fremsætter sin ansøgning senere (fx kort tid inden afslutningen på det 21. leveår)

og hvis den indenlandske efterretningstjeneste er i besiddelse af oplysninger, der efter tysk ret ville forbyde

tildeling af indfødsret jf. statsborgerskabslovens

11), må man gå ud fra, at Artikel

stk.

sidste

sætning ("...to such conditions as may be prescrlbed by the national law") retfærdiggør, at der ikke tildeles

Indfødsret. Det tiske Indenrigsministerium oplyser, at en domstol endnu ikke har taget stilling til hjemlen,

hvorfor spørgsmalet Ikke kan afklares endeligt på nuværende tidspunkt. Men den konsoliderede forventning

i indenrigsministeriet er, at hjemlen vil være Artikel

stk. 1, sidste sætning.

Til spørgsmål 2:

Hvad ligger der efter tysk lovgivning i begrebet "retmæssigt permanent ophold

Tyskland

mindst 5 §r", jf. art. 2 i den nationale lov, Loven til Begrænsning af Statsløshed?

Ifølge tysk ret (se fx Erstes Sozialgesetzbuch

30, stk. 3) har en person sit 'faste ophold' [gewohnlicher

Aufenthalt] der, hvor han opholder sig på en sådan måde, som tydeliggør, at vedkommende Ikke kun

opholder sig midlertidigt i dette område eller på dette sted". Begrebet udlægges på samme måde i

statsborgerskabsretlig sammenhæng. Hvis en person opholder sig retmæssigt I Tyskland, viser det, at

personen ikke kun opholder sig midlertidigt, men har 'fast ophold'. For så vidt er dette ikke i modstrid med

Konventionen.

Ifølge tysk retspraksis er betydningen af "permanent ophold" [dauernder Aufenthalt], som nævnt i Loven

om Begrænsning af Statsløshed, art. 2 Indholdsmæssigt i al væsentlighed det samme som 'fast ophold'

[gewohnllcher Aufenthalt], En person har 'permanent ophold'

Tyskland, hvis vedkommende ikke kun

opholder sig her midlertidigt, men tidsubestemt, sådan at opholdets afslutning er ukendt. Børn og unge har

som regel samme ophold som deres forældre. Også når udlændingemyndighederne udsteder gentagne

udsættelser på ubestemt tid ifm. udrejsehindring, er der tale om et 'permanent ophold'.

"Retmæssigt" er et permanent ophold ifølge art. 2 i Loven om Begrænsning af Statsløshed, hvis

udlændingemyndighederne meddeler opholdstilladelse efter § 5 i Opholdsloven [tidl.: Udlændingeloven],

eller hvis den statsløse er fritaget fra kravet om opholdstilladelse. Det tyske indenrigsministerium oplyser

fsva. sidstnævnte undtagelelsesmulighed, at den primært skal ses i et historisk lys: Personer, der efter

anden verdenskrig befandt sig i Tyskland, kunne ikke

alle tilfælde sendes tilbage til deres oprindelige

hjemlande (bl.a. fordi disse ikke længere eksisterende).

I forbundsregeringens memorandum s. 27 ['Denkschrift', svarende til bemærkningerne til et lovforslag] om

Tysklands ratificering tll Konventionen hedder det (i ambassadens uofficielle oversættelse):

''Ved forhandlingen af konventionsudkastene på statskonferencerne blev også det retskravsgivende ophold

diskuteret. I den forbindelse antages det, at et varigt ophold kendetegnes ved et gensidigt tillidsforhold, der

beror på retmæssig adfærd. Med det lovlige ophold skabes tætte personlige forbindelser, der skaber særlige

bindInger. Indlemmelse i landets befolkning bevirker, at opholdsstaten i praksis bliver den pågældendes

hjemland. Dette forhold kræver følgelig mere end blot tilstedeværelse; det er ikke udelukkende begrænset

til målelige kriterier. Uretmæssig adfærd kan derfor ikke forpligte til tildeling af Indfødsret

henhold til

Konventionen. Rettigheder, der følger af Konventionen, skal således Ikke gives til personer, der opholder sig

illegalt på statens område. Forhandlingerne på statskonferencerne har vist, at ingen af de involverede stater

ville være rede til at affinde sig med en indskrænkelse af deres suveræne ret til tildellng af Indfødsret, hvis

de kan blive tvunget til dette trods en ansøgers lovstridige adfærd. Ved anvendelse af Konventionen kan der

fsva. fortolkningen af begrebet "permanent ophold" ikke gribes tilbage til bosættelsesbegrebet

[Nlederlassungsbegriff*] i den nationale statsborgerskabsret, eksempelvis i paragraf 8 og 9 I Rigs- og

Statsborgerskabsloven. Dette ville gå imod den udlægning af bosættelsesbegrebet, som retspraksis har vist,

ifølge hvilken bosættelsesbegrebet kun baserer sig på målelige kriterier og ikke forudsætter et lovligt

ophold (afgørelse ved Forbundsforvaltningsdomstolen d. 9.12.1975**). Hvis Konventionens opholdsretlige

forudsætninger skulle bedømmes på lige fod med de nationale bosættelsesregler ifm. naturalisation, ville

det ved en skønsmæssig afgørelse ikke være givet, at man kunne tage højde for en ansøgers evt. ulovlige

adfærd, som kunne falde negativt ud for ansøgeren.

* Niederlassung, definition pr. 2016: Retten til at bosætte sig er tidsmæssig ubegrænset. Med denne

tilladelse må man arbejde i Tyskland. Der er ingen geografiske kriterier tilknyttet. For at kunne få denne

status, skal man principielt have haft opholdstilladelse I fem år og skal desuden opfylde flere betingelser.

Man skal kunne sikre sin og sine familiemedlemmers underhold, have tilstrækkelige tyskkundskaber og må

ikke være straffet.

** Dom fra 1975 ved Forbundsforvaltningsdomstolen om fortolkningen af bosættelsesretten ved

naturalisation. Ifølge statsborgerskabsloven anno 1975 baserede bosættelsesretten [Nlederlassungsrecht]

sig kun på målelige kriterier. Bosættelsesretten forudsatte et permanent ophold koblet med en tydelig

intention om at vllle fortsætte dette ophold. Det spillede ifølge domstolen Ingen rolle, om opholdet havde

været lovligt eller ulovligt.

Ambassaden har talt med Hel nz Peter Benz fra fndenrlgsml nlsterlets kontor for statsborgerskab.

Forbundsregeringens memorandum (bemærkninger) til Konventionen fra 1976

Ambassaden Berlin/ Christina Hjorth Karup

Steffen Horsmann

AKT

126598

Dokument 2 ==

[

Tyskland - svar pa supplerende ha ring]==

Supplementary questions-1961 UN Convention on the Reduction on Statelessness

1. Under the wording of article 1(2)(c) of the 1961 UN Convention on the Reduction on Statelessness a

Contracting State may make the grant of its nationality- to stateless persons fa Iling within the scope of the

Convention - subject of a condition:

"that the person concerned has neither been convicted of an offence against national security nor has been

sentenced to imprisonment for a term of five years or more on a criminal charge".

It appears that under the German rules German nationality will be denied to stateless persons - barn in

Germany and covered by the 1961 Convention - if the German security service considers the person in

question to be a threat to public or democratic order. It appears that such person will not acquire German

nationality despite not being convicted of an offence against national security.

Please state on which judicial grounds the German authorities asses that a State is allowed to deny the

grant of nationality to a stateless person covered by the 1961 Convention when the national security

service considers that the person in question might be a threat to public or democratic order despite that

the person has

not been convicted

of an offence against national security.

Any interpretation aid or explanatory notes supporting the German view on article 1(2)(c) of the 1961 UN

Convention on the Reduction on Statelessness would be very welcome.

2. Under the wording of article 1(2)(b) of the 1961 UN Convention on the Reduction on Statelessness a

Contracting State may make the grant of its nationality- to stateless persons falling within the scope of the

Convention - subject of a condition:

"that the person concerned has habitually resided in the territory of the Contracting State for such period as

may be fixed by that State, not exceeding five years immediately preceding the lodging of the application nor

ten years in all".

It appears that under the German rules - Gesetz zur Verminderung der Staatenlosigkeit, Article 2(2) - an

applicant covered by the 1961 Convention has to comply with a condition that he or she:

"2, seit funf Jahren rechtmaBig seinen dauernden Aufenthalt im Geltungsbereich dieses Gesetzes hat."

Please state under which conditions a stateless person will be considered fulfilling the criteria in art. 2(2) of

the Gesetz zur Verminderung der Staatenlosigkeit ("seit fi.inf Jahren rechtma8ig seinen dauernden

Aufenthalt im Geltungsbereich dieses Gesetzes hat'').

Please further state how the German authorities asses the term "habitually resided" in article 1(2)(b) of the

1961 Convention. Please atso state whether the German authorities asses the term "habitually resided" in

article 1(2)(b) to imply a legal or formal residence in the country.

Any interpretation aid or explanatory notes supporting the German view on article 1(2)(b) of the 1961 UN

Convention on the Reduction on Statelessness would be very welcome.

== AKT 126598 == Dokument 3

[

Tyskland - svar pa supplerende høring ]

Sehr geehrter Herr Horsmann, sehr geehrter Herr Gaardmann,

ich bitte um Nachslcht, dass lch Ihre Anfrage erst so spat beantworten kann.

Ihre In englischer Sprache verfassten Fragen verstehe lch so, dass Sie um Auskunft

bitten,

aus welchen rechtllchen Grunden deutsche Behorden die ElnbOrgerung

(gemåØ Artikel 2 des Gesetzes zur Vermlnderung der Staatenloslgkeit) In Deutschland

geborener Staatenloser verwelgern konnten, wenn die Verfassungsschutzbehorden sle

fur elne Bedrohung fur die Offentllchkelt oder die freiheltlich demokratlsche

Grundordnung halten, und

wleso Artikel 2 des Gesetzes zur Vermlnderung der Staatenloslgkelt

bestfmmt, dass die hier geborene staatenlose Person lhren mindestens funfjahrigen

dauernden Aufenthalt In Deutschland rechtmåØlg gehabt haben muss, obwohl die

Konvention elnen gewohnllchen Aufenthalt fordert, und wie deutsche Behorden den

Rechtsbegriff "gewohnllcher Aufenthalt" auslegen.

Zu 1.

Hier sind blsher kelne praktlschen Falle bekannt geworden, ln denen in Deutschland

geborene Staatenlose, die ja nach 5 Jahren rechtmåØlgen dauernden Aufenthalts

elngebOrgert werden konnen und damit melst noch Kinder sind, wegen

Slcherheltsbedenken nlcht elngeburgert worden wåren.

Sollte eln Betroffener selnen Antrag jedoch erst spater (z.B. kurz vor Vollendung des

einundzwanzlgsten Lebensjahres) stellen und sollten den Verfassungsschutzbehorden

entsprechende Erkenntnisse vorllegen, die eine Elnburgerung nach deutschem Recht

verbieten (vgl. § 11 StAG), gehe ich davon aus, dass Artikel 1, Absatz 1, letzter Satz ,, ...

to such conditions as may be prescrlbed by the national law ... " die NlchtelnbOrgerung

rechtfertlgt.

Zu 2.

Nach deutschem Recht (vgl. z.B. § 30 Absatz 3, letzter Satz, Erstes Buch

Sozlalgesetzbuch) hat jemand den "gewohnlichen Aufenthalt dort, wo er slch unter

Umstanden aufhalt, die erkennen lassen, dass er an dfesem Ort oder In dlesem Geblet

nlcht nur vorObergehend verwellt." Entsprechend wlrd dleser Begrlff auch

staatsangehorlgkeltsrechtllch verstanden. Nur wenn sich eine Person rechtmaØlg In

Deutschland aufhålt, lassen die Umstande erkennen, dass sle nlcht nur vorubergehend

hier verwellt (= gewohnllcher Aufenthalt). Insowelt llegt h.E. keln Wlderspruch zur

Konvention vor.

Nach hleslger Rechtsprechung (z.B. BVerwG, 1 C 45/90, vom 23.02.1993) besagt

"Dauernder Aufenthalt" lm Sinne dleser Vorschrlft lnhaltllch lm Wesentllchen dasselbe

wle "gewohnlicher Aufenthalt". Elne Person hat lhren "dauernden Aufenthalt" in

Oeutschland, wenn sle hier nlcht nur vorubergehend, sondern auf unabsehbare Zelt lebt,

so dass elne Beendlgung lhres Aufenthalts ungewlss 1st. Kinder und Jugendllche teilen In

der Regel den AufenthaJt lhrer Eltern. Auch wenn die Auslanderbehorde den Aufenthalt

auf nlcht absehbare Zett durch wiederholt ertellte Duldungen hlnnlmmt, kommt eln

dauernder Aufenthalt fn Betracht.

"RechtmaBlg" 1st eln dauernder Aufenthalt lm Sinne dleser Vorschrlft, wenn die

Auslanderbehorde elne Aufenthaltsgenehmigung nach

5 AuslG

1990

[Anmerkung

Benz: heute AufenthG] ertellt oder der Staatenlose vom Erfordernls elner

Aufenthaltsgenehmlgung befrelt 1st.

Erganzend verwelse lch auf die Denkschrift der Bundesreglerung zu dem

Oberelnkommen (BT-Drucks.

8/12,

27).

Dort he1Bt es:

"Bel der Beratung der KonventlonsentwOrfe durch die Staatenkonferenzen Jst auch der

den Verleihungsanspruch begrundende Aufenthalt erortert worden. Danach 1st davon

auszugehen, dass der dauernde Aufenthalt eln gegenseltiges Vertrauensverhaltnls

kennzelchnet, das auf rechtmaBlgem Handeln beruht. Mit dem erlaubten Aufenthalt

werden personllch enge Beziehungen geschaffen, die besondere Bindungen erzeugen.

Die Elnbezrehung in den Kreis der elgenen Wohnbevolkerung bewlrkt, dass der

Aufenthaltsstaat fOr den Betroffenen praktisch schon zur Helmat geworden rst. Dleses

Verhaltnls verlangt mithln mehr ais bloBe Anwesenhelt; es 1st nlcht alleln auf reln

tatsachliche Merkmale beschrankt. UnrechtmaBlges Handeln vermag deshalb die

Verpfllchtung zur Verlelhung der Staatsangehorlgkelt auf Grund des Oberelnkommens

nlcht auszulosen; die Vergunstigungen aus dem Oberelnkommen werden somft Personen

nicht gewahrt, die slch illegal lm Vertragsgebiet aufhalten. Die Verhandlungen der

Staatenkonferenzen haben gezelgt, dass kelner der beteillgten Staaten bereit gewesen

ware, die mit elnem Verlelhungsanspruch verbundene Elnschrankung selner

Elnburgerungshohelt hlnzunehmen, wenn sie lhm auch durch wrderrechtliches Handeln

elnes Begunstlgten aufgezwungen werden konnte. Bel der Anwendung des

Oberelnkommens kann hlnslchtllch der Auslegung des Begrlffs des dauernden

Aufenthalts deshalb nlcht auf den Nlederlassungsbegrfff des innerstaatlichen

Elnburgerungsrechts, zum Belsplel in

§§

B, 9 des Relchs- und

Staatsangehorigkeltsgesetzes, zuruckgegrlffen werden. Dem stunde die Auslegung

entgegen, die der Nlederlassungsbegriff durch die Rechtsprechung erfahren hat, der

zufolge er nur auf tatsachllche Merkmale abstellt und elnen erlaubten Aufenthalt nlcht

voraussetzt (Urtell des Bundesverwaltungsgerlchts vom

09.

Dezember

1975 --

BVerwG I

40.71).

Die bel der Entscheidung Ober eine ElnbOrgerung lm Ermessenswege noch

mogliche Beruckslchtigung des rechtswidrigen Verhaltens zuungunsten des

Elnburgerungsbewerbers ware bel AnspruchseinbOrgerungen jedenfalls nicht gegeben,

wenn die das Recht auf Verlelhung der Staatsangehorlgkelt begrOndende

Aufenthaltsvoraussetzung des Oberelnkommens der Nlederlassungsvoraussetzung des

lnnerstaatllchen EinbOrgerungsrechts gleichbeurtellt werden mOsste."

Ich wOrde mlch freuen, wenn ich Ihnen mit diesem Informationen weiter helten konnte.

Mit freundllchen Gr0Ben

I.A.

Heinz Peter B e n z,