Energi-, Forsynings- og Klimaudvalget 2016-17
EFK Alm.del Bilag 100
Offentligt
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Shale gas exploration in the EU
Florence Limet
DG Environment, European Commission
Unit B.3. Waste Management & Secondary
Materials
30 November 2016
Picture: PGI
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Preliminary remarks
•
It is up to each Member State to decide whether or
not to allow O&G on its territory, while respecting
the need to protect the environment.
•
Need to ensure that these activities comply with EU
law.
•
Recent Paris Agreement on climate change: need to
decarbonise the energy sector.
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Unconventional fossil fuels in the EU
Member States which have granted or
may grant authorisations
Shale gas
Tight gas
Tight oil
Coal bed methane without
fracturing
Coal bed methane using
fracturing
UK (England); PL; NL (tests)
;
DK; LT; DE
(tests); HU; ES; RO; AT; PT
UK, PL, NL, DE, HU, ES
UK, PL, NL
UK; PL; FR; BE; DE
PL; DE ("partially"); ES
Source: Official replies from Member States to the Commission, early 2016:
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/energy/unconventional_en.htm
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Shale gas exploration
in the EU
•
Around 80 exploration wells drilled (incl.at least 16
fractured with high volumes)
•
Mostly in Poland, with a few wells drilled also in
Germany, Denmark, UK (England), Romania
•
Public acceptance issues in several countries
(except PL)
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Shale gas wells fractured
in Poland
•
Environmental
monitoring carried out
at selected sites in 2011
(Lebien) and 2015 (7
sites)
•
Recommend i.a. an
"independent long term
monitoring of the
environment (…) in
prospective and
developed areas"
Source: http://www.opppw.pl/en/fracturing_fluid_composition/23
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Shale gas in England
Source:
https://ogauthority.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=29c31fa
4b00248418e545d222e57ddaa
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Shale gas exploration
in the United Kingdom
• Fracturing operations suspended in the UK in May 2011,
after two seismic tremors near Preese Hall, Lancashire.
• Recent consent granted to several shale gas operators in
England; further permit applications expected next year.
• On-going environmental baseline monitoring by the British
Geological Survey (e.g. Lancashire; North Yorkshire) and
operators
Source:
UKOOG,
BGS
and
Milieu
country
study
Feb.
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/energy/uff_studies_en.htm
2016:
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Studies on the management of environmental
and climate impacts
of shale gas
•
Technical support for assessing the need for a risk
management framework for shale gas extraction,
2014
•
Mitigation of climate impacts of possible future shale gas
extraction in the EU: available technologies, best practices
and options for policy makers,
2014
•
Potential risks for the environment and human health
arising from shale gas extraction in Europe,
2012
•
Climate Impact of Potential Shale Gas Production in the EU,
2012
•
Studies available at:
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/energy/uff_studies_en.htm
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Recommendation 2014/70/EU
•
Minimum principles for the exploration and production of
O&G using high-volume hydraulic fracturing (e.g. shale
gas) adopted in 2014
•
Aims to help ensuring that:
- public health, climate and environment are
safeguarded
- resources are used efficiently
- the public is informed
•
Complements the existing EU environmental legislation
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32014H0070
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Key elements
•
•
Plan ahead
and assess environmental impact
strategically
before granting licences
•
•
Carefully assess
environmental
impact and risks
before
authorising projects
•
• Ensure that
wells are leak-proof
•
•
Assess environmental conditions
before operations start, so
that change can be monitored and liability determined
•
•
Inform the public
about the chemicals used for each well, and
share the baseline data and monitoring results
•
• Keep
air emissions
down
•
•
Ensure firms engaged
throughout the project
in
fracking
apply
best
practices
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Next steps
Report reviewing the effectiveness of Recommendation
2014/70/EU- end 2016
Annual reporting of developments by Member States to EC
Summary of Best Available Techniques for hydrocarbons
exploration and production-2018
Revision of the Best Available Techniques reference document
(BREF) on extractive waste management- 2017
Research projects on environmental impacts and risks of shale
gas funded under Horizon 2020
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Thank you for your attention
For further information on DG ENV's activities on unconventional fossil fuels:
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/energy/unconventional_en.htm