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Oxford Research A/S, December 2012
The Effect of the Industrial PhD
Programme on Employment
and Income
 UFU, Alm.del - 2015-16 - Endeligt svar på spørgsmål 168: Spm. om ministeren vil fremsende relevante evalueringer af Globaliseringspuljen 2007-12, til Uddannelses- og forskningsministeren
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The Effect of the Industrial PhD
Programme on Employment
and Income
The Effect of the Industrial PhD
Programme on Employment
and Income
Published by:
The Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation
Bredgade 40
1260 København K
Tlf. 35446200
Fax 35446201
Text: Oxford Research
ISBN: 978-87-92776-68-6
The Effect of the Industrial PhD Programme on Employment and Income
3
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TABLE OF CONTENT
1.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.
2.
3.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
SAMMENFATNING (DANISH EXECUTIVE SUMMARY)
INTRODUCTION
3.1.
The Industrial PhD Programme
5
7
9
9
11
12
12
14
14
14
17
17
23
23
27
29
34
An Industrial PhD project is an industry focused doctoral project conducted in
cooperation of a private company, a PhD student and a university. The Industrial
PhD student is employed by a private company and the company applies for a
subsidy from the Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation to cover
part of the wage intended for the PhD student. The Industrial PhD programme was
initiated in 1971 but was transformed in 1988 to allow the students to achieve a
doctorate upon completion.
This report analyses the effect of the Industrial PhD Programme on graduates’
subsequent employment and income. This analysis includes a mapping of the
graduates’ profile, employment type, job functions, and mobility in the labour
market.
The analysis is based on access to a number of Statistics Denmark’s data registers.
PhD holders can be tracked through their personal security number and various data
registers can be merged to extract information. The Industrial PhDs are compared
to a comparison group composed of conventional PhDs which match the Industrial
PhDs on sex, relevant work experience before starting the PhD and field of research.
For each Industrial PhD there is a similar traditional PhD in the comparison group.
When interpreting the results it is important to remember that the comparison group
is not a representative sample of conventional PhDs but a sample which mirrors the
Industrial PhDs on the parameters mentioned.
The central conclusions in the report are summarised below:
4.
METHODOLOGY
4.1.1.
4.1.2.
Comparison group
Statistics Denmark datasets
5.
INDUSTRIAL PHD GRADUATES’ EMPLOYMENT AND INCOME
5.1.
Who are Industrial PhD students?
5.1.1.
5.2.
Background of Industrial PhDs
Where do Industrial PhDs work and what do they do?
5.2.1.
Sociology of work
5.3.
How many are employed
5.3.1.
Employment rates
Employment among the Industrial PhDs is high.
The rate of employment
5.4.
Industrial PhDs’ income
5.4.1.
Income
5.5.
Mobility
5.5.1.
Mobility
for Industrial PhDs varies during the period of 2004-2010, with the proportion of
those employed ranging between 95-99 percent (as of November each year). For the
period 2004-2009, between 2 to 9 percent are unemployed during the course of a
year. Very few experience long-term unemployment. On average, those affected by
unemployment are unemployed 15-36 percent of the year. Employment among the
comparison group of conventional PhDs is correspondingly high.
34
38
68
Industrial PhDs have a high income.
In 2010, graduates from the Industrial PhD
programme earned an average of DKK 636,158 per year (gross income). With an
annual income of DKK 785,086, the Industrial PhDs from social sciences had the
highest income. On average, graduates from the Industrial PhD programme in 2010
earn more than half a million Danish kroner a year, irrespective of their field of
research.
6.
7.
APPENDIX A – OVERVIEW OF DATA
PUBLICATIONS
Industrial PhDs earn significantly more than conventional PhDs.
In 2010,
Industrial PhDs earned on average DKK 38,778 more per year than the comparison
group of conventional PhDs. (DKK 636,158 versus DKK 597,380 per year).
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The Effect of the Industrial PhD Programme on Employment and Income
The Effect of the Industrial PhD Programme on Employment and Income
5
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2.
Industrial PhDs are - unlike conventional PhDs - typically recruited by the
private sector.
Close to 80 percent of Industrial PhDs are employed in the private
sector. Among the comparison group of conventional PhDs, the number is just
under 50 percent. Industrial PhDs are typically employed in industrial and business
sectors, while most conventional PhDs are employed in public administration.
SAMMENFATNING (DANISH EXECUTIVE SUMMARY)
Et ErhvervsPhD-projekt er et treårigt erhvervsrettet forskningsprojekt, hvor den
studerende ansættes i en privat virksomhed og samtidig indskrives på et universitet.
Ph.d.-projektet har et erhvervsrettet fokus, men kandidaten skal bruge al sin
arbejdstid på projektet og forskeruddannelsen og må ikke varetage andre opgaver i
virksomheden.
Analysen belyser, hvem der tager en ErhvervsPhD, og hvilke jobfunktioner de
efterfølgende varetager, hvor mange der er i beskæftigelse, hvor meget de tjener, og
hvor mobile de er på arbejdsmarkedet.
Den centrale del af analysen er en omfattende registeranalyse baseret på en række
af Danmarks Statistiks registre. Resultaterne for ErhvervsPhD’erne sammenlignes
med en kontrolgruppe af traditionelle ph.d.’er. De traditionelle ph.d.’er matcher
ErhvervsPhD’erne på uddannelsesretning, erhvervserfaring ved påbegyndelse af
ph.d.-projekt og køn. De centrale konklusioner i rapporten er opsummeret nedenfor:
Industrial and conventional PhDs earn the same if employed in the
same sector (public/private).
The difference in income between Industrial
and conventional PhDs disappears when we compare salaries within the public
and private sector, respectively. In 2010, an Industrial PhD employed in the private
sector earned on average DKK 674,922 per year and a conventional PhD in the
private sector earned an average of DKK 700,582. Thus, effect on income of being
Industrial/conventional PhD is indirect and caused by the type of employment
to which the PhD leads. A graduate from an Industrial PhD programme is more
likely to work in the private sector and the conventional PhD is more likely to find
employment in the public sector, with a correspondingly lower salary.
Industrial PhDs are typically specialised experts and rarely hold
management positions.
Most industrial PhDs (85 percent in 2010) perform
Beskæftigelsen blandt ErhvervsPhD’er er høj.
I perioden 2004-2010 ligger
functions that require knowledge at the highest level. Only 8 percent hold positions
in management. However, conventional PhDs are even more specialized, with 90
percent performing a work function that requires knowledge at the highest level
and only 5 percent employed as managers. Thus, completing an Industrial PhD
slightly increases the likelihood of becoming a manager compared to completing a
conventional PhD.
beskæftigelsen blandt ErhvervsPhD’er omkring 99 pct. (hvis man ser bort fra
personer, der er gået på pension eller har orlov). Hvis man ser på, hvor mange der
i løbet af et år berøres af ledighed, er det mellem 2 og 9 pct. i perioden 2004-
2009. Meget få er dog langtidsledige, idet den gennemsnitlige årsledighedsgrad
blandt dem, der berøres af ledighed, ligger på 15-36 pct. Beskæftigelsen blandt
kontrolgruppen af traditionelle ph.d.’er er tilsvarende høj.
The rate of mobility and a “brain drain” out of the country is limited.
Few
ErhvervsPhD’er har en høj indtægt.
I 2010 tjente de i gennemsnit 636.158 kr.
Industrial PhDs leave Denmark after graduation without returning. Since 2004, 24
people have emigrated without returning, equivalent to approximately 7 percent
of all graduates. Most - 4 people - have emigrated to the United States and China,
while 3 have emigrated to Australia.
om året. ErhvervsPhD’erne med en samfundsvidenskabelig/juridisk baggrund har
den højeste indtægt. De tjente i gennemsnit 785.086 kr. i 2010.
ErhvervsPhD’er tjener væsentligt mere end traditionelle ph.d.’er.
I 2010
Industrial PhDs have considerable professional experience when enrolling
as PhDs and typically study a technical science at DTU.
The Industrial PhD
students have, on average, around 4 years of professional experience by the time they
enrol in an Industrial PhD propgramme. By far, most pursue advanced education
in a technical science, followed by those studying the natural sciences. The vast
majority - nearly half - have completed their education at DTU.
tjente ErhvervsPhD’erne i gennemsnit 38.778 kr. om året mere end kontrolgruppen
af traditionelle ph.d.’er. (636.158 kr. mod 597.380 kr. om året).
ErhvervsPhD’er og traditionelle ph.d.’er tjener det samme, når de er ansat
i samme sektor (privat/offentlig).
Traditionelle ph.d.’er, der er ansat i det private,
tjener nogenlunde det samme som ErhvervsPhD’er, der er ansat i det private. Det
samme gælder for traditionelle ph.d.’er og ErhvervsPhD’er ansat i det offentlige.
Effekten på indkomsten er derved indirekte og opstår, fordi et ErhvervsPhD-bevis i
højere grad end en traditionel ph.d.-grad kvalificerer til ansættelse i en stilling med
høj løn i det private.
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3.
ErhvervsPhD’er bliver typisk fagspecialister og kun i få tilfælde ledere.
INTRODUCTION
De fleste ErhvervsPhD’er (85 pct. i 2010) har en arbejdsfunktion, der kræver viden
på højeste niveau. 8 pct. har ledelsesarbejde. De traditionelle ph.d.’er er endnu
mere specialiserede, idet 90 pct. har en arbejdsfunktion, der kræver viden på
højeste niveau. 5 pct. har ledelsesarbejde. Der er således flere ErhvervsPhD’er end
traditionelle ph.d.’er, der er ansat som ledere.
This report analyses the effect of the industrial PhD programme on employment and
income for the graduates. The analysis includes aspects like:
•
•
•
•
•
Level of employment among Industrial PhDs
Income
Type of employment and work function performed
Share of Industrial PhDs in management positions
Mobility on the labour market
ErhvervsPhD’erne ansættes modsat de traditionelle ph.d.’er typisk i
det private.
Tæt på 80 pct. af ErhvervsPhD’erne er ansat i det private. Blandt
kontrolgruppen af traditionelle ph.d.’er er det lige under 50 pct. ErhvervsPhD’erne
ansættes typisk i sektorerne industri og erhvervsservice, mens flest traditionelle
ph.d.’er ansættes i sektoren offentlig administration.
The study continues the research presented in previous studies.
1
The analysis covers
the period 2004-2010 and therefore gives the first indications of the effect of the
financial crisis on industrial PhDs.
Mobilitet og brain drain ud af landet er begrænset.
Få ErhvervsPhD’er
forlader Danmark efter endt uddannelse uden at returnere. Siden 2004 er 24
personer udvandret uden at være vendt tilbage, hvilket svarer til godt 7 pct. af
populationen. Flest – 4 personer - er udvandret til henholdsvis USA og Kina, mens 3
er udvandret til Australien.
3.1.
The Industrial PhD programme
ErhvervsPhD’er har betydelig erhvervserfaring, når de starter deres
ph.d.-forløb, og er typisk tilknyttet en teknisk uddannelse på DTU.
ErhvervsPhD’erne har i gennemsnit omkring 4 års erhvervserfaring, når de starter
som ErhvervsPhD. Klart flest tager deres ph.d.-grad inden for en teknisk uddannelse,
mens naturvidenskab er den næst mest hyppige uddannelsesretning. Langt de fleste
– næsten halvdelen – er tilknyttet DTU under ErhvervsPhD-forløbet.
The Industrial PhD programme was initiated in 1971 under the name “The
Industrial Researcher Programme”. In 1988 it was made possible to qualify for
a PhD degree when graduating. The programme was subsequently reformed
to comply with Danish PhD regulations, making every graduate a formal PhD
graduate.
An Industrial PhD project is an industry focused PhD. The research project is
conducted in cooperation between a private company, an Industrial PhD student and
a university.
The Industrial PhD student is employed by a private company. The company
receives a subsidy for the student’s salary from the Danish Agency for Science,
Technology and Innovation. In general the subsidy corresponds to 30-50 percent of
the Industrial PhD’s total salary. In addition, the company can receive subsidies to
cover certain documented expenses for the Industrial PhD candidate’s activities.
The student divides his or her working hours equally between the university and the
company over the three-year course of the project and cannot work on other projects
in the company.
1
See for example The Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation (2011): Analysis of the Industrial PhD
Programme, and Forskning- og innovationsstyrelsen (2007): ErhvervsPhD – Et effektivt redskab for innovation og
videnspredning.
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4.
The objective of the Industrial PhD Programme is to:
• educate the researchers at a PhD level with first-hand knowledge of research
and innovation in the private sector,
• create growth in the Danish businesses through cooperation on R&D
between universities and Danish privately held companies, and
• facilitate knowledge transfer and networking between Danish companies
and researchers at universities in Denmark and abroad.
Public institutions may also apply for approval of an Industrial PhD project. If
funding has not been allocated for this purpose in a particular funding round,
public institutions must cover all expenses, including expenses for enrolment and
supervision at the university.
METHODOLOGY
The central part of the analysis is a statistical analysis based on access to a number
of Statistics Denmark’s databases. The statistical analysis has been carried out by
Oxford Research.
The Industrial PhD Programme is administered by the Danish Agency for Science,
Technology and Innovation, which collects personal security numbers for all
Industrial PhDs. The personal security numbers make it possible to track the
industrial PhDs in the registers of Statistics Denmark and follow their subsequent
career patterns. The relevant information is stored in different registers that have
been merged to extract the relevant information. However, the personal security
number has been encrypted by Statistics Denmark to ensure the anonymity of the
study population.
The data in the analysis covers the period from 2004 to the latest year available in
the registers. For most registers this is 2010, but for some registers the more recent
data available is from 2009.
The Industrial PhD programme in its current form was initiated in 1988
2
and the
population for the analysis is defined as follows:
• The person must be identifiable based on the personal security number in
the registers of Statistics Denmark
• The person must have been enrolled as an Industrial PhD student from 1988
onwards
• The person must have completed an Industrial PhD in 2009 or earlier
The last criterion ensures that Industrial PhDs are no longer PhDs when we analyse
their income and employment. Thus, to be included in the 2010 analysis – the last
year we have data for - the Industrial PhDs must have finished in 2009 or earlier.
For the analysis of previous years the same criteria apply. Only PhDs who have
graduated at least one calendar year before this date are included.
Since 2004 is the starting point for the analysis, we start out looking at Industrial
PhDs who have graduated in 2003 or earlier. This also implies that the population
is gradually increasing from 2004 to 2010 as more Industrial PhDs graduate from
the programme. The analysis of income, employment, and other variables in 2010
includes around 700 Industrial PhDs who fulfil the above-mentioned criteria.
2
As mentioned a similar programme existed already before 1988 but did not lead to the award of a PhD degree.
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4.1.1.
Comparison group
The results for Industrial PhDs are compared to the results for a comparison group
of conventional PhDs. The comparison group has been established by Statistics
Denmark based on a number of predefined criteria. Thus, the comparison group of
conventional PhDs:
• Have the same sample size as the Industrial PhDs
• Have graduated as conventional PhDs
• Match the Industrial PhDs on
° Sex
° Field of research
° Work experience after master degree (but before starting the PhD
programme)
No persons can be in both groups.
When interpreting the results, it is important to remember that the comparison group
is not a representative sample of conventional PhDs but a sample which mirrors the
Industrial PhDs on the above parameters. That is, the objective of the analysis is
to compare industrial PhDs to comparable students enrolled in conventional PhD
programmes and not to the average conventional PhD student.
The datasets used in the analysis are briefly described below.
Establishments
and firms cover such variables as year of establishment, sector,
employees and level of labour earnings. The dataset is used to analyse in which
sector the Industrial PhDs are employed.
Register Based Work Force Statistics (RAS)
contains information on the Danish
population’s attachment to the labour market at the end of November. For persons
in employment, RAS contains information on location of residence and location of
establishment, which is used for commuter statistics. The dataset is used to analyse
employment and whether PhDs are employed in the public or private sector.
The High Quality Income Statistics (INDH)
contains information on average
gross income, taxable income, etc. The dataset is used to analyse income levels of
PhDs.
Historical Migrations (VNDS)
contains information on immigration and
emigration and is used to analyse the mobility of PhDs.
Persons in the Population (BEF)
contains background information on people and
is used to document the sex of PhDs.
The PhD-register
covers all persons in Denmark who have completed a PhD
Education. The register gives information on entrance of doctoral students by area of
research, gender, and points in time. The dataset is used to analyse fields of research,
graduation rates, and time of graduation. It can also be used to identify conventional
PhD students’ work experience prior to enrolling in a PhD Education.
4.1.2. Statistics Denmark datasets
The
Integrated Database for Labour Market Research (IDA)
provides access to
coherent data about persons and establishments at the level of individual persons and
individual establishments. The database is suitable for research on labour market
issues. The distinctive feature of this database is that it allows researchers to connect
specific persons with specific companies.
The headlines for variables in IDA are persons, jobs and establishments/firms.
Persons
cover variables such as gender, age, family and household, education,
employment and work experience, unemployment and income. The dataset is used to
analyse unemployment.
Jobs
cover variables such as job/occupation (full-time/part-time), hourly labour
earnings, seniority and change in appointments. The dataset is used to analyze type
of employment and change in employment.
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5.
INDUSTRIAL PHD GRADUATES’ EMPLOYMENT AND INCOME
This section analyses the effect of the Industrial PhD programme on graduates’
subsequent employment and income. This includes a breakdown of who they are,
where they work, which functions they perform, and their mobility in the labour
market. The results are compared to a comparison group of conventional PhDs.
FIGURE 5.1.1 Field of research of Industrial PhDs 2010
54%
5.1.
Who are Industrial PhDs?
19%
This section provides background characteristics on Industrial PhDs. The central
conclusions are:
12%
7%
7%
Social science
1%
Humanities
Technical science Medical science Natural science Agricultural and
veterinary
sciences
Industrial PhDs typically obtain their PhD in technical sciences
• Most of them from the Technical University of Denmark.
They have significant professional experience when starting the
PhD
• They typically obtain approximately four years of
professional experience prior to entering the Industrial PhD
programme.
3
Notes: The figure shows within which field of research the PhDs have completed their Industrial PhD
degree. The 2010 data refers to all persons having completed an Industrial PhD Education by 2010 or
earlier. The comparison group has been composed to match the field of research of the Industrial PhDs.
N=676.
Source: Oxford Research based on data from Statistics Denmark.
Keeping in mind that the vast majority of Industrial PhDs are from the technical
sciences, it is not surprising that 44 pct. of all Industrial PhDs graduate from the
Technical University of Denmark. The second largest source of Industrial PhDs is
the University of Copenhagen with 30 pct. Only a few Industrial PhDs graduate
from the IT University of Copenhagen and Roskilde University. By 2010, only 1 and
7 graduated from these universities, respectively.
FIGURE 5.1.2 Industrial PhDs 2010 – Educational institution
5.1.1.
Background of Industrial PhDs
44%
30%
The vast majority of Industrial PhD students graduate within the technical sciences.
By 2010, 54 pct. of all persons who completed an Industrial PhD Education did so in
the technical sciences. This corresponds to 362 of the 676 Industrial PhDs in 2010.
The second most common field of research for Industrial PhDs is medical sciences,
representing 19 pct. of all graduates. Humanities is the rarest field of research
for Industrial PhDs. By 2010, only 7 persons had a background in humanities,
corresponding to approximately 1 pct of the group.
10%
5%
Technical
University of
Denmark
University of
Copenhagen
Aalborg
University
Aarhus
University
5%
University of
Southern
Denmark
4%
Copenhagen
Business
School
1%
Roskilde
University
0%
IT University of
Copenhagen
Notes: Educational institution illustrates which universities the Industrial PhDs have been attached to
during their PhD Education. The data refers to all persons having graduated in 2010 or earlier. N=676.
3
As mentioned the comparison group has been composed to match the professional experience of the Industrial PhDs.
Source: Oxford Research based on data from Statistics Denmark.
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Industrial PhD students typically gain a fair share of work experience prior to
starting their PhD Education. This is most likely because the PhD project must
involve a private company (or public institution) to be approved. Many university
graduates at the master level presumably have limited networks to private companies
and public institutions and little insight into which types of research projects are
available. Thus, many are initially employed and subsequently decide to complete a
PhD in collaboration with their employer.
The 676 persons with an Industrial PhD degree in 2010 had, on average, 3.8 years of
professional experience prior to the start of their PhD Education. From 2004-2010,
the average pre-PhD work experience decreased by roughly half a year. Hence, in
2004 the 418 Industrial PhDs who had graduated by then had 4.3 years experience
prior to their PhD.
FIGURE 5.1.3 Professional experience in years prior to enrolment in the Industrial
PhD Programme, 2004-2010
5.2. Where do Industrial PhDs work and what do they do?
This section focuses on where Industrial PhDs work and what they do. The central
conclusions are:
Both industrial PhDs and conventional PhDs are employed
primarily in large companies.
• For both Industrial and conventional PhDs, slightly more
than half work for firms with more than 250 employees.
Almost four out of five Industrial PhDs work in the private
sector in functions which require high levels of expertise.
• 52 pct. of conventional PhDs are employed in the public
sector. Like Industrial PhDs, they mainly perform functions
which require high level of expertise.
• 8 pct. of Industrial PhDs are managers, while 5 pct. of
conventional PhDs are in management.
4.3
4.1
4.1
4.0
3.9
3.9
3.8
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
5.2.1. Sociology of work
Most Industrial PhDs work in large companies. By 2009, more than half of the
graduates had found employment in companies with more than 250 employees,
corresponding to 288 of the 528 PhDs. 72 pct. worked in companies with more than
100 employees, while only 19 pct. were employed in private companies with 50
employees or less. This differs significantly from the general distribution of private
firms in Denmark. Among all companies in the private sector, only 0.2 pct. employ
more than 250 people while 93 pct. of all companies had less than 10 employees.
4
However, since large companies invest by far the most in research and development,
it is natural that the Industrial PhDs also cluster in these companies.
The conventional PhDs in the comparison group are similarly distributed. By 2009,
51 pct. were employed in large companies with more than 250 employees while only
6 pct. were employed in small companies with 10 employees or less. The reason for
the large share of conventional PhDs being employed by large companies is most
likely that universities, where conventional PhDs are often employed, employ more
than 250 people.
4
Notes: The figure illustrates the average professional experience of all Industrial PhDs prior to enrolling
as a PhD. Data is from Statistics Denmark’s PhD register. The comparison group has been composed to
match the professional experience of the Industrial PhDs prior to the initiation of the Industrial PhD. The
population is gradually enlarged as the number of Industrial PhD graduates increase. 2004: N=418, 2010:
N=676.
Source: Oxford Research based on data from Statistics Denmark.
Appendix A contains all background data on Industrial and conventional PhDs.
Danmarks Statistik (2012): Nyt fra Danmarks Statistik, nr. 425.
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FIGURE 5.2.1 Number of employees at the work place of Industrial PhDs and con-
ventional PhDs 2009
FIGURE 5.2.2 Sectoral employment 2009 – type of PhD
55%
Manufacturing, mining and quarrying
and public utilities
21%
38%
27%
31%
43%
15%
5%
8%
2%
4%
1%
2%
1%
2%
0%
1%
0%
0%
51%
Other business services
Public administration, education
and health
Information and communication
17% 19%
9%
12%
11% 12%
Trade and transport etc.
8%
6%
1-10
Financial and insurance
Arts, entertainment and
other services
Agriculture, forestry and fishing
Construction
251+ employees
101-250
51-100
11-50
Industrial PhDs
Conventional PhDs
Notes: The work place refers to the place where Industrial PhDs have their main employment. The data
on conventional PhDs refers to the comparison group and not the total population of conventional PhDs.
N(Industrial PhDs)=528, N(conventional PhDs)=526.
Source: Oxford Research based on data from Statistics Denmark.
Conventional PhDs
Industrial PhDs
Although the distributions of the two types of PhDs are very similar in 2009,
different developments have occurred since 2004. From 2004 to 2009 the share
of Industrial PhDs working in large firms has increased from 47 to 55 pct. For the
comparison group of conventional PhDs, the share employed in large firms has
decreased from 55 pct. in 2004 to 51 pct. in 2009.
Most Industrial PhDs are employed in the sector of “Manufacturing, mining and
quarrying and public utilities” (manufacturing) while most conventional PhDs are
employed in “Public administration, education and health”. In 2010, 38 pct. of the
graduates from the Industrial PhDs were employed in manufacturing and 31 pct. in
other business services. Thus, these two sectors employ nearly 7 out of ten Industrial
PhDs. For the conventional PhDs, 42 pct. are employed in public administration,
education and health while manufacturing and other business services collectively
employ 48 pct. of conventional PhD graduates.
Notes: Sectoral employment is based on the official categorisation of sectors into 10 standard groups
(Dansk branchenomenklatur, DB07). N(Industrial PhDs)=528, N(conventional PhDs)=526.
Source: Oxford Research based on data from Statistics Denmark.
The vast majority of Industrial PhDs work in the private sector. By 2010, a total of
487 of the 624 Industrial PhDs worked in the private sector, equivalent to 78 pct. or
almost four out of five persons in the group. Only 22 pct. are employed in the public
sector. This distribution differs considerably from the roughly equal split between
the conventional PhDs.
18
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FIGURE 5.2.3 Sectoral employment 2010 – type of PhD
TABLE 5.2.4 Job function of PhDs 2010 – type of PhD
78%
52%
Industrial PhDs
Job function
Work requiring high-level
expertise
Management
Work requiring expertise
Office and customer service
Conventional PhDs
Count
523
30
18
6
2
2
0
0
581
Count
514
50
29
4
3
2
2
2
607
Percentage
85
8
5
1
0
0
0
0
100%
Percentage
90
5
3
1
0
0
0
0
100%
48%
22%
Industrial PhDs
Conventional PhDs
Agriculture, forestry and
fishery
Handicrafts
Operation, assembly and
transport
Other manual work
Total
Private sector
Public sector
Notes: The public sector includes public administration and services and public companies and public
quasicompanies. Sectoral employment is determined in accordance with the international guidelines in
SNA (System of National Accounts. N(Industrial PhDs)=624, N(conventional PhDs)=603.
Source: Oxford Research based on data from Statistics Denmark.
The overwhelming majority of Industrial PhDs perform highly skilled work. Indeed,
85 pct. of the Industrial PhDs with a reported job function in 2010 were employed in
positions requiring a high level of expertise. 8 pct. are employed as managers.
Conventional PhDs are even more specialised. In 2010, 90 pct. performed work
requiring a high level of expertise, while 5 pct. performed management work.
Thus, the likelihood of becoming a manager is slightly higher for Industrial PhDs
compared to conventional PhDs.
Notes: Job function is based on primary employment. For employees primary employment is based on
the employment where they have received the highest salary for the year.
Source: Oxford Research based on data from Statistics Denmark.
For both industrial and conventional PhDs, few perform functions other than
management and work requiring high-level expertise. For conventional PhDs,
only 28 individual graduates reported working outside of these two professional
functions, while the corresponding number for the Industrial Phd graduates is 42.
The work performed by Industrial PhDs requiring high level expertise is often
engineering work. Approximately one in every four Industrial PhDs performs
engineering work as their main employment, while 10 percent mainly engage in
research and teaching at higher education institutions. The figures for conventional
PhDs are the opposite. Among this group 30 percent perform research and teaching
at higher education institutions, while 15 percent are engaged in engineering work.
20
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TABLE 5.2.5 Job function of PhDs 2010 – type of PhD
5.3. How many are employed
Conventional PhDs
Count
88
30
176
33
33
221
581
Industrial PhDs
Job function
Engineering work
Pharmaceutical work
Research and teaching at
higher education institutions
Work requiring high level
expertise
Regular medical work
All other work
Total
This section focuses on employment of the Industrial PhDs. The central conclusions
are:
Count
156
70
61
38
8
274
607
Percentage
26%
12%
10%
6%
1%
45%
100%
Percentage
15%
5%
30%
6%
6%
38%
100%
Industrial PhDs have a very high employment rate
• Only around one percentage of industrial PhDs experience
unemployment during the year.
The few that experience unemployment quickly find a new job
• The average unemployment period is 2-4 months.
Conventional PhDs in the comparison group also experience
high employment and only short spells of unemployment.
The financial crisis has not affected the unemployment rate of
Industrial PhDs markedly
• Unemployment has only been affected marginally by the
financial crisis. However, more recent data is necessary to be
able to draw more firm conclusions on the impact of the
financial crisis.
Notes: Job function is based on primary employment. For employees primary employment is based on
the employment where they have received the highest salary for the year.
Source: Oxford Research based on data from Statistics Denmark.
Appendix A contains all data on where Industrial and conventional PhDs work and
what they do.
5.3.1. Employment rates
Unemployment among Industrial PhDs is very low. Between 2004-2010 the
employment rate of Industrial PhDs reported annually on November 1st has been
around 99 pct. In November 2010 595 of 601 Industrial PhDs were employed. In
November 2008 only 1 of the 505 Industrial PhDs was unemployed.
The employment rates for conventional PhDs are equally high. Of the 575 persons
reported in November 2010, 570 were employed.
22
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FIGURE 5.3.1 Development in the percentage of employment 2004-2010 – type of
PhD
100.0%
99.0%
98.0%
97.0%
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
FIGURE 5.3.2 Percentages of PhDs experiencing unemployment during the year
2004-2009 – type of PhD
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Industrial PhDs
Conventional PhDs
Industrial PhDs
Conventional PhDs
Notes: The employment rate illustrates the percentage of Industrial PhDs with employment on 1
November the specific year. Only persons reported as employed or unemployed are included in the data.
Missing values and persons not in the labour force are excluded from the data. The notion of not being
in the labour force mainly refers to retirees or persons on parental leave. International guidelines from
the International Labour Organisation (ILO) are employed to determine attachment to the labour market.
2010: N(Industrial PhDs)=601, N(conventional PhDs)=575.
Source: Oxford Research based on data from Statistics Denmark.
Notes: The unemployment rate illustrates the percentage of Industrial PhDs experiencing unemployment
at some point during the specific year. The specific year refers to the period between January 1st and
December 31st of that year. 2010: N(Industrial PhDs)=568, N(conventional PhDs)=568.
Source: Oxford Research based on data from Statistics Denmark.
PhDs listed as not in the labour force and with no information on employment status
have been excluded from the data. The notion “not in the labour force” mainly
refers to PhDs who have retired or who are on parental leave. Since they are neither
employed nor unemployed they have not been added to either of these categories.
5
Looking at the share of Industrial PhDs experiencing unemployment during a
specific year tells a similar story. Only a small percentage of Industrial PhDs are
unemployed at some point during a year. From 2004-2008 the share of Industrial
PhDs experiencing unemployment decreased from 9 pct. to 2 pct. In 2008 only 8 of
the 512 Industrial PhDs were unemployed at some point during the year.
The impact of the financial crisis on the unemployment of Industrial PhDs from
2008 to 2009 was modest. In 2009, 15 of the 553 Industrial PhDs experience
unemployment. This is slightly more than the year before but the increase is very
limited. However, to draw firm conclusions on the impact of the financial crisis, data
for 2010 and later is needed. Comparable developments characterize the group of
conventional PhDs.
Of the Industrial PhDs who experience unemployment at some point throughout the
year, the average duration of unemployment was about 3 months out of the year. In
2005, the 27 Industrial PhDs without employment were out of work for 15 pct. of the
year, equivalent to 55 days. In 2008, the 8 persons affected by unemployment were
on average unemployed for 36 pct. of the year, equivalent to 131 days over the course
of the year.
5
Further, the employment status of 6-8 pct. of Industrials PhDs and 12-13 pct. of the conventional PhDs are missing in the
registries of Statistics Denmark from 2004-2010. They have also been omitted.
24
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FIGURE 5.3.3 Average share of the year as unemployed 2004-2009 – type of PhD
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
5.4. Industrial PhDs’ income
This section focuses on the income of the Industrial PhDs. The central conclusions
are:
Industrial PhDs have a higher income than conventional PhDs
• In 2010, an average Industrial PhD had a gross yearly
income of DKK 636,158 while a conventional PhD on
average earned DKK 597,380.
The Industrial PhDs have experienced a substantial salary
increase
• In 2004, the average income for an Industrial PhD was DKK
509,757. By 2010, salaries for this group had increased by
approximately 25 percent.
Industrial PhDs from the social sciences earn the highest income
Industrial PhDs
Conventional PhDs
Notes: Average share of the year as unemployed measures the proportion of the year in which a person
has been unemployed for either a continuous period or several periods combined. Unemployment ratio
is calculated as the number of unemployed hours as a share of the (potential) working hours. A share of
100 percent implies that the person has been unemployed the entire year. 2010: N(Industrial PhDs)=568,
N(conventional PhDs)=568.
Source: Oxford Research based on data from Statistics Denmark.
The results should be interpreted with caution. The relatively high average duration
of unemployment in 2008 is generated primarily by a small number of outliers (8
persons) experiencing unemployment slightly longer than the other years.
Appendix A contains all employment data for Industrial and conventional PhDs.
• The cohort of 2010 graduates from the Industrial PhD
programme in the social sciences earn on average
DKK 785,086 per year. They are followed by Industrial
PhDs from humanities, who earn on average DKK 644,977
and from technical sciences, with average incomes of DKK
581,013 per year.
• Among conventional PhDs, the group in social sciences
also earn the highest income. A comparison of the
fields of research for Industrial and conventional
PhDs shows that the biggest difference is within humanities,
where Industrial PhDs earn approximately twice as
much as conventional PhDs. However, few Industrial PhDs
have completed their PhD in humanities and the results are
influenced by a few individuals having very large incomes in
some years.
Industrial PhDs employed in the private sector earn a higher
income than Industrial PhDs in the public sector
• Industrial PhDs in 2010 on average earned DKK 674,922 per
year while their counterparts employed in the public sector
earned DKK 574,894.
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Conventional PhDs and Industrial PhDs earn the same when
employed in the same sector (private/public)
• Over the period 2004-2010, an average Industrial PhD
employed in the private sector earned DKK 610,716 per year,
while a conventional PhD in the private sector had
an average income of DKK 625,832. Likewise, the
two groups had similar income in the public sector.
• Thus, despite the industrial PhDs being an industry-focused
PhD and conventional PhDs being focused on the public
sector, they do not earn a higher salary when employed
in their “own” sector. The positive effect on income from
completing an Industrial PhD is indirect and arises because
they are more likely to find employment in high paying jobs
in the private sector upon completion of their PhD.
5.4.1. Income
This section analyses Industrial PhDs’ income and the impact of field of research
and employment (public / private) on income. The results for Industrial PhDs are
compared to conventional PhDs, and development is traced over time.
Industrial PhDs earn significantly more than the conventional PhDs. In 2010,
industrial PhDs earned on average DKK 636,158 per year before taxes, while
conventional PhDs earned DKK 597,380. This is a difference of nearly 40,000
per year, which represents a little more than six pct. As illustrated by figure 3.5.1
Industrial PhDs earned more than conventional PhDs throughout the entire 2004-
2010 period.
FIGURE 5.4.1 Average gross income for PhDs 2004-2010 – Type of PhD
700,000
650,000
600,000
566,384
525,055
509,757
564,138
543,444
541,547
592,925
587,946
536,158
597,380
The following section presents a more detailed presentation of the data and
conclusions.
550,000
500,000
450,000
400,000
501,663
494,718
540,511
475,570
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Industrial PhDs
Conventional PhDs
Notes: Gross income is the income that is the object of ordinary income tax (calculated by Statistics Den-
mark). 2010: N(Industrial PhDs)=655, N(conventional PhDs)=639.
Source: Oxford Research based on data from Statistics Denmark.
The industrial PhDs’ income has been steadily increasing since 2004. During the
period 2004-2010, the income of Industrial PhDs increased from DKK 509,757
per year to DKK 636,158, which represents an increase of DKK 126,000 a year
or approximately 25 pct. Similarly, the conventional PhDs’ annual income has
increased from 475,570 to 597,380, which also corresponds to an increase of
approximately 25 pct.
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The field of research affects the income of the PhDs considerably. Industrial PhD
graduates with a background in the social sciences had the highest income in 2010,
making on average DKK 785,096 per year. Industrial PhDs from the humanities
had on average the second highest income, making on average DKK 758,306. Given
that humanities is generally not a field of research that leads to a high income, this
is surprising. However, it should be stressed that observed level of income is based
on few observations and that a few individuals with very high incomes have a strong
impact on the average income.
Industrial PhDs in natural sciences and agricultural and veterinary sciences have the
lowest income in 2010, making DKK 560,363 and 571,006 respectively. Thus, the
industrial PhDs with a social science background make around 40 percentage more
on average a year than Industrial PhDs from natural sciences and agricultural and
veterinary sciences.
FIGURE 5.4.2 Average gross income for PhDs 2010 – field of research
785,086
Humanities graduates have by far the biggest difference in income between
Industrial PhDs and conventional PhDs. As mentioned, they have the second highest
average income among Industrial PhDs; however, among conventional PhDs, they
have the lowest income (DKK 376,275).
Thus, those who have completed their Industrial PhDs within humanities earn an
average of approximately DKK 380,000 more per year than the conventional PhDs.
This means that the Industrial PhDs make about twice as much as the conventional
PhDs. It should be stressed again that only a few persons have completed an
Industrial PhD in humanities.
In each year included in the study, the industrial PhDs with a social science
background are the group with the highest income. They are followed by humanities
as the second highest income group, all years except 2009, where the group with a
technical science background has a slightly higher income. Natural, medical, and
agricultural and veterinary sciences have the lowest incomes.
FIGURE 5.4.3 Development in average gross income for Industrial PhDs 2004-2010
– field of research
800,000
700,000
600,000
500,000
400,000
300,000
200,000
775,246 758,306
648,074
582,391
614,897
641,003
571,006
566,572
560,363
543,250
850,000
800,000
750,000
376,275
700,000
650,000
600,000
Social
sciences
Humanities
Technical
sciences
Medical
sciences
Agricultural and
veterinary
sciences
Natural
sciences
550,000
500,000
450,000
400,000
350,000
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Social sciences
Humanities
Technical sciences
Medical sciences
Agricultural and veterinary sciences
Natural sciences
Industrial PhDs
Conventional PhDs
Notes: Gross income is the income that is object to ordinary income tax (calculated by Statistics Den-
mark). Field of research refers to the field of research the PhDs have completed their PhD degree in.
The data for humanities for Industrial PhDs are based on 7 observations. 2010: N(Industrial PhDs)=655,
N(conventional PhDs)=639.
Source: Oxford Research based on data from Statistics Denmark.
Among the conventional PhDs, the group of social science PhDs are also the
ones with the highest income in 2010, followed by the medical sciences. Medical
sciences are also the only field of research where conventional PhDs have a higher
income than Industrial PhDs. Conventional PhDs on average had an income of
DKK 641,003 in 2010, which is about DKK 26,000 higher than the Industrial PhDs
(average yearly income DKK 614,897).
30
Notes: Gross income is the income that is object to ordinary income tax (calculated by Statistics Den-
mark). 2010: N(Industrial PhDs)=655, N(conventional PhDs)=639.
Source: Oxford Research based on data from Statistics Denmark.
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As illustrated by figure 3.4.3, the annual fluctuations for the PhDs with a social
science background and humanities are significant. The main reason is that the
results are based on relatively few observations and that some PhDs have a very high
income in some years but fall back to an income around the average the following
year. For the other fields of research, income increased steadily over the period.
As illustrated in section 3.3 on work sociology, more industrial PhDs than
conventional PhDs are employed in the private sector. Since wages are traditionally
higher in the private sector than in the public sector, we distinguish between public
and private sector employment in the next analysis. Further, since the Industrial PhD
is industry-focused and the conventional PhDs complete their PhD in the public
sector, one could also imagine that Industrial PhDs provide more value in the private
sector than conventional PhDs, while conventional PhDs provide the most value in
the public sector.
As illustrated in figure 3.4.4, Industrial and conventional PhDs employed in the
private sector have roughly the same average income over the period 2004-2010.
The same is the case for the PhDs employed in the public sector.
Over the period 2004-2010, an Industrial PhD employed in the private sector
earned on average DKK 610,716 per year, while a conventional PhD in the private
sector had an average income of DKK 625,832. Correspondingly, an industrial PhD
employed in the public sector earned, on average, DKK 515,305 per year and an
average conventional PhD earned DKK 500, 049.
Thus, if income is an indicator of the value an employee generates, then a
conventional PhD generates the same value as an Industrial PhD when employed
in the private sector. Similarly, an Industrial PhD generates the same value as a
conventional PhD when employed in the public sector. Thus, the effect of the PhD
programmes (Industrial/conventional) on income is indirect. The Industrial PhD
degree more often leads to high income employment in the private sector. This is
also possible as a conventional PhD, but it is more likely to lead to employment
in the public sector, with correspondingly lower salaries. In other words, the PhD
programme affects the type of sector, which in turn affects the level of income.
For most years – looking at 2004-2010 – the Industrial PhDs and the conventional
PhDs in the public and private sector respectively have roughly the same income.
This is illustrated by figure 3.5.5. Only in 2007 did the conventional PhDs in the
private sector make substantially more than the Industrial PhDs (roughly DKK
70,000).
FIGURE 5.4.5 Development in average income for PhDs 2004-2010 - sector
750,000
700,000
650,000
600,000
FIGURE 5.4.4 Gross salary for PhDs 2004-2010 average - sector
550,000
500,000
650,000
610,716
625,832
590,541
558,774
450,000
400,000
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
600,000
550,000
500,000
450,000
400,000
Industrial PhDs
515,305
500,049
Conventional PhDs (Private)
Industrial PhDs (Private)
Conventional PhDs (Public)
Industrial PhDs (Public)
Notes: The public sector includes public administration and services and public companies and public
quasicompanies. 2010: N(Industrial PhDs)=624, N(conventional PhDs)=603.
Conventional PhDs
Source: Oxford Research based on data from Statistics Denmark.
Private
Public
Total average
Notes: The public sector includes public administration and services and public companies and public
quasicompanies. 2010: N(Industrial PhDs)=624, N(conventional PhDs)=603.
Source: Oxford Research based on data from Statistics Denmark.
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In 2010, an Industrial PhD employed in the private sector earned on average DKK
674,922 per year and a conventional PhD also in the private sector earned an
average of DKK 700,582. In the public sector, an Industrial PhD in 2010 had an
average income of DKK 574,894 per year while their counterparts with conventional
PhDs earned, on average, DKK 553,957 per year.
In 2010, male Industrial PhDs earned on average approximately DKK 90,000 more
than female Industrial PhDs. The difference is larger than for conventional PhDs
(DKK 61,000 per year). Appendix A contains all income data for Industrial and
conventional PhDs for the period 2004-2010 broken down by type of employment,
field of research and sex.
In general, it is positive to have a mobile labour force. This ensures that the labour
force can be employed where it is most needed and moved away from positions or
sectors where it is not needed anymore. Also, mobility brings new challenges to the
employees and can help develop new competencies and skills.
In 2004, 82 pct. of the Industrial PhDs worked for the same company throughout
the year and 18 pct. changed to a job in another company as illustrated by figure
5.3.1. The mobility of Industrial PhDs on the labour market was relatively stable up
until 2008, with 80 to 84 pct. remaining in the same job every year and 16 to 20 pct.
finding a new job in another company. Thus, on average, Industrial PhDs change job
every five years. The pattern is similar for conventional PhDs and the findings are in
line with findings from other sectors and other periods of time.
6
2004-2008 was characterised by a booming economy, a low level of unemployment,
and labour shortages in some sectors. This started to change in 2008 when the
financial crisis erupted and unemployment started to rise. This seems to have
affected mobility of the Industrial and conventional PhDs negatively. For Industrial
PhDs the share remaining in the same employment went up from 82 pct. to 86 pct.
and for conventional PhDs the share went up from 79 pct. to 88 pct.
FIGURE 5.5.1 Development of PhDs with unchanged employment or movements
within the same company 2004-2009 – type of PhD
5.5. Mobility
This section focuses on the mobility of the PhDs. The central conclusions are:
Mobility of industrial PhDs between companies is in line with
patterns in other sectors and time periods
• Approximately 20 pct. of the Industrial PhDs change to a
new job in another company every year.
• The pattern is similar for conventional PhDs.
Indications are that the financial crisis has reduced mobility of
PhDs
• The financial crisis seems to have reduced voluntary
mobility more than it has increased involuntary mobility.
Mobility out of the country and brain drain is limited
• 7 pct. of the industrial PhDs who have graduated since 2004
have moved abroad and not returned.
87%
87%
86%
82%
88%
86%
82%
82%
84%
80%
77%
79%
2004
2005
Industrial PhDs
2006
2007
2008
2009
Conventional PhDs
5.5.1. Mobility
The mobility of Industrial PhDs in the labour market has been fairly stable from
2004-2009.
Notes: The figure illustrates the share of PhDs with unchanged employment compared to the previ-
ous year. Unchanged employment includes PhDs who have moved inside the company. The specific
year refers to the period from November 1st of the previous year to October 31st of the specific year.
It is not possible to distinguish between voluntary and forced mobility. 2009: N(Industrial PhDs)=498,
N(conventional PhDs)=503.
Source: Oxford Research based on data from Statistics Denmark.
6
See for example: Rosdahl, Anders. Danskerne lader sig flytte, hvis incitamenterne er der. http://www.sfi.dk/
danskerne_lader_sig_flytte-_hvis_incitamenterne_er_der-4815.aspx
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When more recent data becomes available it will be possible to better assess the
impact of the financial crisis. One would suspect the financial crisis to have two
opposite effects. On the one hand less people will voluntarily change job because the
supply of jobs is lower. On the other hand some people will be laid off and therefore
be forced to change job. Early indications suggest that the reduced voluntary
mobility is stronger than the increased forced mobility.
Mobility can also happen between countries. It is generally regarded as positive that
knowledge workers move abroad and acquire new competencies. However, at the
same time it can lead to loss of competencies if they do not return.
Only a small share of Industrial PhDs move abroad after graduation and do not
return. Of the 331 Industrial PhDs graduating between 2004 and 2010, 24 have
moved abroad and not returned by the end 2011. 14 have moved abroad but had
returned by the end of 2011.
TABLE 5.5.1 Number and share of PhDs moving abroad and returning by 2011
– type of PhD
Industrial PhDs
PhDs graduating 2004-2010
Moved abroad and not returned
Moved abroad and returned
Total number of PhD graduates
Conventional PhDs
Number
30
22
n/a
Number
24
14
331
Percentage
7
4
100
Percentage
n/a
n/a
n/a
Notes: The table shows whether PhDs who have graduated between 2004 and 2010 have moved abroad
and whether they have returned by the end of 2011. N(Industrial PhDs)=331
Source: Oxford Research based on data from Statistics Denmark.
Mobility out of the country for conventional PhDs is slightly higher. 30 PhDs
graduating between 2004 and 2010 have moved abroad without returning, while 22
others have returned after moving abroad. Appendix A contains all data on mobility
for Industrial and conventional PhDs.
36
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The Effect of the Industrial PhD Programme on Employment and Income
37
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1647751_0020.png
6.
APPENDIX A – OVERVIEW OF DATA
Appendix for section 5.1. Who are the Industrial PhDs?
Field of research 2004-2010 for Industrial PhDs and conventional PhDs
Industrial PhDs
2004
Count
Technical science
Medical science
Natural science
Agricultural and veterinary
sciences
Social sciences
Humanities
Total
248
64
49
26
27
4
418
Industrial PhDs
2005
Percentage
59%
15%
12%
6%
6%
1%
100%
2006
Percentage
58%
17%
11%
6%
6%
1%
100%
2007
Percentage
57%
18%
12%
6%
6%
1%
100%
2008
Percentage
56%
19%
12%
6%
6%
1%
100%
2009
Percentage
56%
18%
12%
7%
6%
1%
100%
2010
Percentage
54%
19%
12%
7%
7%
1%
100%
Count
268
81
53
30
27
4
463
Count
281
89
57
31
29
4
491
Count
300
99
66
32
31
4
532
Count
316
104
68
39
33
5
565
Count
334
118
73
43
40
6
614
Count
362
128
81
49
49
7
676
Percentage
54%
19%
12%
7%
7%
1%
100%
Conventional PhDs
2004
Count
Technical science
Medical science
Natural science
Social sciences
Agricultural and veterinary
sciences
Humanities
Total
248
64
60
37
34
10
453
Conventional PhDs
2005
Percentage
55%
14%
13%
8%
8%
2%
100%
2006
Percentage
54%
16%
14%
8%
8%
2%
100%
2007
Percentage
53%
16%
14%
8%
7%
2%
100%
2008
Percentage
54%
16%
14%
7%
7%
2%
100%
2009
Percentage
54%
16%
13%
8%
7%
2%
100%
2010
Percentage
53%
17%
13%
7%
7%
2%
100%
Count
264
77
67
37
37
10
492
Count
280
85
75
41
38
10
529
Count
304
89
78
42
40
11
564
Count
331
98
82
46
43
12
612
Count
347
111
84
47
47
14
650
Count
365
126
85
53
49
16
694
Percentage
53%
18%
12%
8%
7%
2%
100%
Source: Register Based Work Force Statistics 2004 - 2010
Work experience prior to the PhD
Measured in years
2004
Industrial PhDs
Conventional PhDs
4,3
4,4
2005
4,1
4,3
2006
4,1
4,1
2007
4,0
4,0
2008
3,9
4,0
2009
3,9
3,9
2010
3,8
3,9
Source: Register Based Work Force Statistics 2004 - 2010
38
The Effect of the Industrial PhD Programme on Employment and Income
The Effect of the Industrial PhD Programme on Employment and Income
39
 UFU, Alm.del - 2015-16 - Endeligt svar på spørgsmål 168: Spm. om ministeren vil fremsende relevante evalueringer af Globaliseringspuljen 2007-12, til Uddannelses- og forskningsministeren
1647751_0021.png
University
Industrial PhDs
2004
Count
Technical University of
Denmark
University of Copenhagen
Aalborg University
Aarhus University
University of Southern
Denmark
Copenhagen Business
School
Roskilde University
IT University of Copenhagen
Total
206
114
45
20
12
17
4
0
418
Industrial PhDs
2005
Percentage
49%
27%
11%
5%
3%
4%
1%
0%
100%
2006
Percentage
48%
29%
10%
5%
3%
4%
1%
0%
100%
2007
Percentage
48%
29%
10%
5%
3%
4%
1%
0%
100%
2008
Percentage
47%
29%
11%
5%
4%
4%
1%
0%
100%
2009
Percentage
47%
30%
11%
5%
3%
4%
1%
0%
100%
2010
Percentage
45%
30%
11%
5%
4%
4%
1%
0%
100%
Count
224
134
47
23
14
17
4
0
463
Count
234
143
51
23
17
19
4
0
491
Count
249
156
57
27
19
20
4
0
532
Count
264
167
60
29
19
20
6
0
565
Count
274
185
66
31
26
25
6
1
614
Count
296
204
70
37
33
28
7
1
676
Percentage
44%
30%
10%
5%
5%
4%
1%
0%
100%
Conventional PhDs
2004
Count
Technical University of
Denmark
University of Copenhagen
Aalborg University
Aarhus University
University of Southern
Denmark
Copenhagen Business
School
Roskilde University
IT University of Copenhagen
The Royal Danish Academy
of Fine Arts, School of
Architecture
Missing
Total
197
134
58
43
12
7
2
0
0
Conventional PhDs
2005
Percentage
43%
30%
13%
9%
3%
2%
0%
0%
0%
2006
Percentage
43%
30%
12%
10%
3%
1%
1%
0%
0%
2007
Percentage
43%
30%
12%
11%
3%
1%
1%
0%
0%
2008
Percentage
43%
29%
12%
11%
3%
1%
1%
0%
0%
2009
Percentage
43%
28%
12%
11%
3%
1%
0%
0%
0%
2010
Percentage
42%
29%
12%
11%
4%
1%
0%
0%
0%
Count
212
146
59
50
15
7
3
0
0
Count
226
158
61
57
17
7
3
0
0
Count
245
164
65
60
19
7
3
0
1
Count
265
174
72
66
21
9
3
1
1
Count
275
187
79
70
24
9
3
1
1
Count
285
200
87
81
24
9
5
1
1
Percentage
41%
29%
13%
12%
3%
1%
1%
0%
0%
0
453
0%
100%
0
492
0%
100%
0
529
0%
100%
0
564
0%
100%
0
612
0%
100%
1
650
0%
100%
1
694
0%
100%
Source: Register Based Work Force Statistics 2004 - 2010
40
The Effect of the Industrial PhD Programme on Employment and Income
The Effect of the Industrial PhD Programme on Employment and Income
41
 UFU, Alm.del - 2015-16 - Endeligt svar på spørgsmål 168: Spm. om ministeren vil fremsende relevante evalueringer af Globaliseringspuljen 2007-12, til Uddannelses- og forskningsministeren
1647751_0022.png
Appendix for section 5.2. Where do Industrial PhDs work and what do they do
Description of the work places of PhDs 2004-2009
Industrial PhDs
2004
Count
1-10
11-50
51-100
101-250
251+ employees
Total
35
62
36
65
175
373
Industrial PhDs
2005
Percentage
9%
17%
10%
17%
47%
100%
2006
Percentage
9%
16%
8%
19%
48%
100%
2007
Percentage
9%
16%
8%
17%
49%
100%
2008
Percentage
9%
12%
9%
18%
52%
100%
2009
Percentage
8%
12%
9%
17%
53%
100%
Count
38
67
33
78
201
417
Count
41
71
36
76
213
437
Count
43
58
42
82
242
467
Count
41
59
43
86
263
492
Count
43
60
48
89
288
528
Percentage
8%
11%
9%
17%
55%
100%
Missing
5
7
9
11
12
15
Conventional PhDs
2004
Count
1-10
11-50
51-100
101-250
251+ employees
Total
27
47
33
62
209
378
Conventional PhDs
2005
Percentage
7%
12%
9%
16%
55%
100%
2006
Percentage
5%
13%
7%
16%
58%
100%
2007
Percentage
6%
12%
8%
16%
58%
100%
2008
Percentage
7%
12%
11%
20%
50%
100%
2009
Percentage
7%
10%
11%
19%
52%
100%
Count
21
53
29
66
235
404
Count
25
53
35
71
250
434
Count
31
57
51
92
233
464
Count
35
52
53
96
260
496
Count
33
62
63
99
269
526
Percentage
6%
12%
12%
19%
51%
100%
Missing
5
7
9
11
12
9
Source: Integrated Database for Labour Market Research 2004 - 2009
42
The Effect of the Industrial PhD Programme on Employment and Income
The Effect of the Industrial PhD Programme on Employment and Income
43
 UFU, Alm.del - 2015-16 - Endeligt svar på spørgsmål 168: Spm. om ministeren vil fremsende relevante evalueringer af Globaliseringspuljen 2007-12, til Uddannelses- og forskningsministeren
1647751_0023.png
Sector employment
Industrial PhDs
2004
Count
Public administration and
service
Public companies and
quasi-companies
Private
Not reported/missing
Total
71
13
294
40
418
Industrial PhDs
2005
Percentage
17%
3%
70%
10%
100%
2006
Percentage
16%
3%
72%
8%
100%
2007
Percentage
16%
3%
71%
9%
100%
2008
Percentage
16%
3%
72%
10%
100%
2009
Percentage
16%
2%
72%
11%
100%
2010
Percentage
16%
2%
70%
12%
100%
Count
74
15
335
39
463
Count
81
15
351
44
491
Count
83
15
381
53
532
Count
88
11
405
61
565
Count
101
11
431
71
614
Count
121
16
487
52
676
Percentage
18%
2%
72%
8%
100%
Conventional PhDs
2004
Count
Public administration and
service
Public companies and
quasi-companies
Private
Not reported/missing
Total
196
11
176
70
453
Conventional PhDs
2005
Percentage
43%
2%
39%
15%
100%
2006
Percentage
43%
3%
38%
16%
100%
2007
Percentage
43%
2%
39%
16%
100%
2008
Percentage
42%
3%
39%
16%
100%
2009
Percentage
42%
2%
39%
17%
100%
2010
Percentage
43%
1%
38%
18%
100%
Count
211
13
187
81
492
Count
226
13
204
86
529
Count
237
16
222
89
564
Count
257
10
241
104
612
Count
281
8
246
115
650
Count
302
11
290
91
694
Percentage
44%
2%
42%
13%
100%
Source: Integrated Database for Labour Market Research 2004 - 2009
44
The Effect of the Industrial PhD Programme on Employment and Income
The Effect of the Industrial PhD Programme on Employment and Income
45
 UFU, Alm.del - 2015-16 - Endeligt svar på spørgsmål 168: Spm. om ministeren vil fremsende relevante evalueringer af Globaliseringspuljen 2007-12, til Uddannelses- og forskningsministeren
1647751_0024.png
Sector employment (without ‘not reproted/missing’ values)
Industrial PhDs
2004
Count
Public administration
and service
Public companies and
quasi-companies
Private
Total
71
13
294
378
Industrial PhDs
2005
Percentage
19%
3%
78%
100%
2006
Percentage
17%
4%
79%
100%
2007
Percentage
18%
3%
79%
100%
2008
Percentage
17%
3%
80%
100%
2009
Percentage
17%
2%
80%
100%
2010
Percentage
19%
2%
79%
100%
Count
74
15
335
424
Count
81
15
351
447
Count
83
15
381
479
Count
88
11
405
504
Count
101
11
431
543
Count
121
16
487
624
Percentage
19%
3%
78%
100%
Conventional PhDs
2004
Count
Public administration
and service
Public companies and
quasi-companies
Private
Total
196
11
176
383
Conventional PhDs
2005
Percentage
51%
3%
46%
100%
2006
Percentage
51%
3%
45%
100%
2007
Percentage
51%
3%
46%
100%
2008
Percentage
50%
3%
47%
100%
2009
Percentage
51%
2%
47%
100%
2010
Percentage
53%
1%
46%
100%
Count
211
13
187
411
Count
226
13
204
443
Count
237
16
222
475
Count
257
10
241
508
Count
281
8
246
535
Count
302
11
290
603
Percentage
50%
2%
48%
100%
Source: Integrated Database for Labour Market Research 2004 - 2009
46
The Effect of the Industrial PhD Programme on Employment and Income
The Effect of the Industrial PhD Programme on Employment and Income
47
 UFU, Alm.del - 2015-16 - Endeligt svar på spørgsmål 168: Spm. om ministeren vil fremsende relevante evalueringer af Globaliseringspuljen 2007-12, til Uddannelses- og forskningsministeren
1647751_0025.png
Sector employment ('public' refers to both 'public administration and services' and 'public companies and
quasi-companies')
Industrial PhDs
2004
Count
Public
Private
Total
84
294
378
Industrial PhDs
2005
Percentage
22%
78%
100%
2006
Percentage
21%
79%
100%
2007
Percentage
21%
79%
100%
2008
Percentage
20%
80%
100%
2009
Percentage
20%
80%
100%
2010
Percentage
21%
79%
100%
Count
89
335
424
Count
96
351
447
Count
98
381
479
Count
99
405
504
Count
112
431
543
Count
137
487
624
Percentage
22%
78%
100%
Conventional PhDs
2004
Count
Public
Private
Total
207
176
383
Conventional PhDs
2005
Percentage
54%
46%
100%
2006
Percentage
55%
45%
100%
2007
Percentage
54%
46%
100%
Count
253
222
475
Percentage
53%
47%
100%
2008
Count
267
241
508
Percentage
53%
47%
100%
2009
Count
289
246
535
Percentage
54%
46%
100%
2010
Count
313
290
603
Percentage
52%
48%
100%
Count
224
187
411
Count
239
204
443
Source: Integrated Database for Labour Market Research 2004 - 2009
48
The Effect of the Industrial PhD Programme on Employment and Income
The Effect of the Industrial PhD Programme on Employment and Income
49
 UFU, Alm.del - 2015-16 - Endeligt svar på spørgsmål 168: Spm. om ministeren vil fremsende relevante evalueringer af Globaliseringspuljen 2007-12, til Uddannelses- og forskningsministeren
1647751_0026.png
Job position 2010
Job position (without ‘not reportes/missing’ values)
Industrial PhDs
Count
Work, requiring high level expertise
Management
Work, requiring expertise
Office and customer service
Agriculture, forestry and fishery
Handicrafts
Operation, assembly and transport
Other manual work
Service and sales
Military work
Not reported
Missing
Total
Source: The High Quality Income Statistics
Conventional PhDs
Count
523
30
18
6
2
0
0
0
2
0
60
53
694
Industrial PhDs
Count
Work, requiring high level expertise
Management
Work, requiring expertise
Office and customer service
Agriculture, forestry and fishery
Handicrafts
Operation, assembly and transport
Other manual work
Service and sales
Military work
Total
Source: The High Quality Income Statistics
Conventional PhDs
Count
523
30
18
6
2
0
0
0
2
0
584
Percentage
76%
7%
4%
1%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
7%
3%
100%
Percentage
75%
4%
3%
1%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
9%
8%
100%
Percentage
85%
8%
5%
1%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
100%
Percentage
90%
5%
3%
1%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
100%
514
50
29
4
3
2
2
2
1
0
49
20
676
514
50
29
4
3
2
2
2
1
0
607
50
The Effect of the Industrial PhD Programme on Employment and Income
The Effect of the Industrial PhD Programme on Employment and Income
51
 UFU, Alm.del - 2015-16 - Endeligt svar på spørgsmål 168: Spm. om ministeren vil fremsende relevante evalueringer af Globaliseringspuljen 2007-12, til Uddannelses- og forskningsministeren
1647751_0027.png
Appendix for section 5.3. How many are employed
Socio-economic status - main attachment to the labour market
Industrial PhDs
2004
Count
Missing
Employed (115-135)
Unemployed (200)
Not in labour force (310-
400)
Total
26
378
3
11
418
Industrial PhDs
2005
Percentage
6%
90%
1%
3%
100%
2006
Percentage
7%
92%
1%
1%
100%
2007
Percentage
7%
91%
1%
1%
100%
2008
Percentage
8%
90%
1%
1%
100%
2009
Percentage
8%
89%
0%
3%
100%
2010
Percentage
7%
88%
0%
4%
100%
Count
33
424
3
3
463
Count
35
447
4
5
491
Count
41
479
5
7
532
Count
45
504
1
15
565
Count
46
543
3
22
614
Count
52
595
6
23
676
Percentage
8%
88%
1%
3%
100%
Conventional PhDs
2004
Count
Missing
Employed (115-135)
Unemployed (200)
Not in labour force (310-
400)
Total
55
383
5
10
453
Conventional PhDs
2005
Percentage
12%
85%
1%
2%
100%
2006
Percentage
13%
84%
1%
2%
100%
2007
Percentage
13%
84%
1%
3%
100%
2008
Percentage
13%
84%
1%
2%
100%
2009
Percentage
14%
83%
0%
3%
100%
2010
Percentage
13%
82%
1%
4%
100%
Count
66
411
4
11
492
Count
67
443
4
15
529
Count
72
475
5
12
564
Count
83
508
1
20
612
Count
82
535
5
28
650
Count
91
570
5
28
694
Percentage
13%
82%
1%
4%
100%
Source: Register Based Work Force Statistics 2004-2010
52
The Effect of the Industrial PhD Programme on Employment and Income
The Effect of the Industrial PhD Programme on Employment and Income
53
 UFU, Alm.del - 2015-16 - Endeligt svar på spørgsmål 168: Spm. om ministeren vil fremsende relevante evalueringer af Globaliseringspuljen 2007-12, til Uddannelses- og forskningsministeren
1647751_0028.png
Socio-economic status - main attachment to the labour market without ‘missing’
Industrial PhDs
2004
Count
Employed
Not in labour force
Unemployed
Total
378
11
3
392
Industrial PhDs
2005
Percentage
96%
3%
1%
100%
2006
Percentage
99%
1%
1%
100%
2007
Percentage
98%
1%
1%
100%
2008
Percentage
98%
1%
1%
100%
2009
Percentage
97%
3%
0%
100%
2010
Percentage
96%
4%
1%
100%
Count
424
3
3
430
Count
447
5
4
456
Count
479
7
5
491
Count
504
15
1
520
Count
543
22
3
568
Count
595
23
6
624
Percentage
95%
4%
1%
100%
Conventional PhDs
2004
Count
Employed (115-135)
Not in labour force
(310-400)
Unemployed (200)
Total
383
10
5
398
Conventional PhDs
2005
Percentage
96%
3%
1%
100%
2006
Percentage
96%
3%
1%
100%
2007
Percentage
96%
3%
1%
100%
2008
Percentage
97%
2%
1%
100%
2009
Percentage
96%
4%
0%
100%
2010
Percentage
94%
5%
1%
100%
Count
411
11
4
426
Count
443
15
4
462
Count
475
12
5
492
Count
508
20
1
529
Count
535
28
5
568
Count
570
28
5
603
Percentage
95%
5%
1%
100%
Source: Register Based Work Force Statistics 2004-2010
Socio-economic status - main attachment to the labour market without ‘missing’ and ‘not in labour force’
Industrial PhDs
2004
Count
Employed
Unemployed
Total
378
3
381
Industrial PhDs
2005
Percentage
99%
1%
100%
2006
Percentage
99%
1%
100%
2007
Percentage
99%
1%
100%
2008
Percentage
99%
1%
100%
2009
Percentage
100%
0%
100%
2010
Percentage
99%
1%
100%
Count
424
3
427
Count
447
4
451
Count
479
5
484
Count
504
1
505
Count
543
3
546
Count
595
6
601
Percentage
99%
1%
100%
Conventional PhDs
2004
Count
Employed (115-135)
Unemployed (200)
Total
383
5
388
Conventional PhDs
2005
Percentage
99%
1%
100%
2006
Percentage
99%
1%
100%
2007
Percentage
99%
1%
100%
2008
Percentage
99%
1%
100%
2009
Percentage
100%
0%
100%
2010
Percentage
99%
1%
100%
Count
411
4
415
Count
443
4
447
Count
475
5
480
Count
508
1
509
Count
535
5
540
Count
570
5
575
Percentage
99%
1%
100%
Source: Register Based Work Force Statistics 2004-2010
54
The Effect of the Industrial PhD Programme on Employment and Income
The Effect of the Industrial PhD Programme on Employment and Income
55
 UFU, Alm.del - 2015-16 - Endeligt svar på spørgsmål 168: Spm. om ministeren vil fremsende relevante evalueringer af Globaliseringspuljen 2007-12, til Uddannelses- og forskningsministeren
1647751_0029.png
Yearly duration of unemployment
Industrial PhDs
2004
Employed throughout the whole year
Experienced unemployment during the year
Average yearly duration of unemployment
Total population
Percentage experiencing unemployment
during the year
355
37
21%
392
9%
2005
403
27
15%
430
6%
2006
437
19
24%
456
4%
2007
462
29
24%
491
6%
2008
512
8
36%
520
2%
2009
553
15
19%
568
3%
Missing
26
33
35
41
45
46
Conventional PhDs
2004
Employed throughout the whole year
Experienced unemployment during the year
Average yearly duration of unemployment
Total population
Percentage experiencing unemployment
during the year
365
35
29%
400
9%
2005
389
37
24%
426
9%
2006
428
34
18%
462
7%
2007
459
33
19%
492
7%
2008
517
12
15%
529
2%
2009
550
18
28%
568
3%
Missing
Source: Register Based Work Force Statistics 2004-2010
55
66
67
72
83
82
56
The Effect of the Industrial PhD Programme on Employment and Income
The Effect of the Industrial PhD Programme on Employment and Income
57
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1647751_0030.png
Appendix for section 5.4. Industrial PhDs’ income
Taxable gross income in DKK before deductions vs. sector employment
Industrial PhDs
2004
Public
Private
Total average
456,098
554,026
532,264
Industrial PhDs
2005
447,879
561,835
537,915
2006
495,285
608,283
584,015
2007
532,007
605,284
590,292
2008
566,219
635,693
622,047
2009
534,753
634,967
614,297
2010
574,894
674,922
652,961
Average income 2004-2010
515,305
610,716
590,541
Conventional PhDs
2004
Public
Private
Total average
447,016
563,480
500,535
Conventional PhDs
2005
479,449
565,522
518,611
2006
478,384
593,355
531,328
2007
490,341
675,880
577,056
2008
514,106
657,352
582,063
2009
537,088
624,653
577,352
2010
553,957
700,582
624,473
500,049
625,832
558,774
Source: The High Quality Income Statistics
58
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The Effect of the Industrial PhD Programme on Employment and Income
59
 UFU, Alm.del - 2015-16 - Endeligt svar på spørgsmål 168: Spm. om ministeren vil fremsende relevante evalueringer af Globaliseringspuljen 2007-12, til Uddannelses- og forskningsministeren
1647751_0031.png
Taxable gross income in DKK before deductions vs. field of research
Industrial PhDs
2004
Social sciences
Humanities
Technical science
Medical science
Agricultural and
veterinary sciences
Natural science
Total average
707,532
573,486
506,051
502,604
437,825
460,425
509,757
Industrial PhDs
2005
724,645
618,570
533,917
482,430
475,147
463,321
525,055
2006
707,615
691,453
582,726
528,823
478,241
489,612
564,138
2007
704,469
634,388
577,095
544,869
511,083
508,099
566,384
2008
773,332
640,779
606,468
559,020
555,658
514,124
592,925
2009
645,630
597,858
612,759
548,638
571,579
515,798
587,946
2010
785,086
758,306
648,074
614,897
571,006
560,363
636,158
Average income 2004-2010
721,187
644,977
581,013
540,183
514,363
501,677
568,909
Conventional PhDs
2004
Social sciences
Medical science
Technical science
Agricultural and
veterinary sciences
Natural science
Humanities
Total average
543,148
486,781
482,467
478,257
410,688
366,957
475,570
Conventional PhDs
2005
568,867
494,579
512,740
476,125
417,351
337,888
494,718
2006
573,180
527,660
511,615
499,991
415,539
373,573
501,663
2007
855,710
537,586
533,497
537,076
444,581
400,619
543,444
2008
765,739
548,713
529,857
532,469
473,441
390,331
540,511
2009
680,797
596,014
530,518
514,728
481,003
381,329
541,547
2010
775,246
641,003
582,391
566,572
543,250
376,275
597,380
680,384
547,477
526,155
515,031
455,122
375,282
527,833
Source: The High Quality Income Statistics
60
The Effect of the Industrial PhD Programme on Employment and Income
The Effect of the Industrial PhD Programme on Employment and Income
61
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1647751_0032.png
Appendix for section 5.5. Mobility
Mobility of PhDs in the labour market 2004-2010 - job change without latest year
Industrial PhDs
2004
Count
U Unchanged
T3 From other company (other employment)
T4 From other employment to new work place
T6 From outside the labour force (retirement)
T8 From abroad
T1 From other job within the same company
Missing
04 From employee
T2 From unknwon job within the same company
T5 From unemployment
T7 From leave of absence
Total
278
38
11
1
4
6
1
0
0
7
0
346
Industrial PhDs
2005
Percentage
80%
11%
3%
0%
1%
2%
0%
0%
0%
2%
0%
100%
2006
Percentage
82%
9%
2%
2%
0%
3%
0%
1%
0%
1%
0%
100%
2007
Percentage
81%
12%
1%
0%
1%
4%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
100%
2008
Percentage
76%
13%
4%
0%
1%
4%
1%
0%
0%
1%
0%
100%
2009
Percentage
76%
9%
7%
0%
0%
6%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
100%
Count
314
36
7
8
0
11
0
3
0
3
0
382
Count
339
50
5
2
5
15
1
1
0
1
0
419
Count
338
57
20
2
3
16
3
2
0
3
1
445
Count
359
43
31
2
1
29
2
2
1
1
1
472
Count
421
44
10
6
6
5
3
3
0
0
0
498
Percentage
85%
9%
2%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
0%
0%
0%
100%
Conventional PhDs
2004
Count
U Unchanged
T3 From other company (other employment)
T1 From other job within the same company
T4 From other employment to new work place
T6 From outside the labour force (retirement)
T8 From abroad
04 From employee
T5 From unemployment
Missing
T2 From unknwon job within the same company
Total
297
31
6
7
0
4
0
3
1
1
350
Conventional PhDs
2005
Percentage
85%
9%
2%
2%
0%
1%
0%
1%
0%
0%
100%
2006
Percentage
85%
8%
2%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
0%
100%
2007
Percentage
82%
8%
4%
2%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
0%
100%
2008
Percentage
74%
10%
3%
9%
1%
0%
0%
1%
1%
0%
100%
2009
Percentage
71%
12%
8%
5%
1%
0%
1%
1%
0%
0%
100%
Count
331
31
6
4
3
4
2
3
3
1
388
Count
341
33
15
8
3
3
3
3
4
1
414
Count
331
43
14
40
6
2
2
4
4
0
446
Count
337
57
37
25
3
2
4
4
2
1
472
Count
422
33
21
11
7
5
3
1
0
0
503
Percentage
84%
7%
4%
2%
1%
1%
1%
0%
0%
0%
100%
Source: Integrated Database for Labour Market Research 2004 - 2009
62
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The Effect of the Industrial PhD Programme on Employment and Income
63
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1647751_0033.png
Mobility of PhDs in the labour market 2004-2010 - job change without latest year (without missing values and
movements within the same company are registered as ‘unchanged’
Industrial PhDs
2004
Count
U Unchanged
T3 From other company (other employment)
T4 From other employment to new work place
T6 From outside the labour force (retirement)
T8 From abroad
04 From employee
T5 From unemployment
T7 From leave of absence
Total
284
38
11
1
4
0
7
0
346
Industrial PhDs
2005
Percentage
82%
11%
3%
0%
1%
0%
2%
0%
100%
2006
Percentage
82%
9%
2%
2%
0%
1%
1%
0%
100%
2007
Percentage
84%
12%
1%
0%
1%
0%
0%
0%
100%
2008
Percentage
80%
13%
4%
0%
1%
0%
1%
0%
100%
2009
Percentage
82%
9%
7%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
100%
Count
314
36
7
8
0
3
3
0
382
Count
354
50
5
2
5
1
1
0
419
Count
354
57
20
2
3
2
3
1
445
Count
389
43
31
2
1
2
1
1
472
Count
426
44
10
6
6
3
0
0
498
Percentage
86%
9%
2%
1%
1%
1%
0%
0%
100%
Conventional PhDs
2004
Count
U Unchanged
T3 From other company (other employment)
T4 From other employment to new work place
T6 From outside the labour force (retirement)
T8 From abroad
04 From employee
T5 From unemployment
Total
304
31
7
0
4
0
3
350
Conventional PhDs
2005
Percentage
87%
9%
2%
0%
1%
0%
1%
100%
2006
Percentage
87%
8%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
100%
2007
Percentage
86%
8%
2%
1%
1%
1%
1%
100%
2008
Percentage
77%
10%
9%
1%
0%
0%
1%
100%
2009
Percentage
79%
12%
5%
1%
0%
1%
1%
100%
Count
338
31
4
3
4
2
3
388
Count
357
33
8
3
3
3
3
414
Count
345
43
40
6
2
2
4
446
Count
375
57
25
3
2
4
4
472
Count
443
33
11
7
5
3
1
503
Percentage
88%
7%
2%
1%
1%
1%
0%
100%
Source: Integrated Database for Labour Market Research 2004 - 2009
64
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The Effect of the Industrial PhD Programme on Employment and Income
65
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1647751_0034.png
Moving abroad and returning after PhD graduation
Industrial PhDs
Graduation year
Number of persons having moved abroad and not
returned by the end of 2011
Number of persons having moved abroad and return in
the end of 2011
Total number of Industrial PhD graduates this year
Countries permanently moved to:
Industrial PhDs
2004
4
2
45
USA (3)
Switzerland (1)
2005
2
1
28
China (1)
Australia (1)
2006
4
5
41
China (3)
Norway (1)
2007
0
2
33
2008
3
4
49
Portugal (1)
Canada (1)
Netherlands (1)
2009
3
0
62
USA (1)
Switzerland (1)
Australia (1)
2010
8
0
73
Australia (1)
Netherlands (1)
Germany(1)
Great Britain (1)
Czech Republic (1)
Norway (1)
Ireland (1)
Italy (1)
Total
24
14
331
Percentage
7%
4%
100%
Conventional PhDs
Graduation year
Number of persons having moved abroad and not
returned by the end of 2011
Number of persons having moved abroad and return in
the end of 2011
Total number of Industrial PhD graduates this year
Countries permanently moved to:
Conventional PhDs
2004
5
7
2005
3
3
2006
3
3
2007
6
2
2008
4
4
2009
3
2
2010
6
1
Total
30
22
Percentage
Not relevant since data is not based on the entire population
China (2)
Iceland (1)
USA (1)
Netherlands (1)
USA (1)
Norway (1)
Italy (1)
Sweden (1)
Israel (1)
Great Britain (1)
Poland (1)
Switzerland (1)
USA (1)
North Korea (1)
India (1)
Sweden (1)
Not relevant since data is not based on the entire population
USA (1)
Iceland (1)
Spain (1)
Belgium (1)
USA (1)
Mexico (1)
Poland (1)
Australia (1)
Germany(1)
Great Britain (1)
Poland (1)
Ireland (1)
Turkey (1)
Source: Historical Migrations statistics
66
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The Effect of the Industrial PhD Programme on Employment and Income
67
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1647751_0035.png
7.
PUBLICATIONS
Publications from The Danish Agency for Science, Technology and
Innovation in the series Innovation: Analysis and assessment
2013
11/2013
10/2013
09/2013
08/2013
07/2013
06/2013
05/2013
04/2013
03/2013
02/2013
01/2013
2012
14/2012
13/2012
12/2012
11/2012
10/2012
09/2012
08/2012
07/2012
06/2012
05/2012
04/2012
03/2012
02/2012
01/2012
2011
20/2011
19/2011
18/2011
17/2011
16/2011
15/2011
14/2011
The Effect of the Industrial PhD Programme on Employment and Income
Strategi for samarbejde om Danmarks klynge- og netværkindsats
De skjulte helte – eksportsucceser i dansk industris mellemklasse
An Analysis of the Level of Consistency in the Danish Innovation
Ecosystem
Key Success Factors for Support Services for Cluster Organisations
Performanceregnskab for GTS-net 2013
Kommercialisering af forskningsresultater – Statistik 2012 (Public
Research Commercialisation Survey – Denmark 2012)
Innovation Network Denmark – Performance Accounts 2013
Productivity Impacts of Business Investments in R&D in the Nordic
Countries - A microeconomic analysis
Erhvervslivets forskning, udvikling og innovation i 2013
Performanceregnskab for innovationsmiljøerne 2013
Evaluering af GTS-instituttet DFM
Evaluering af GTS-instituttet Alexandra
Evaluering af GTS-instituttet Agrotech
An Analysis of Danish Innovation Policy – The Knowledge Pilot Scheme
(The Innovation Assistant Scheme)
Impact Study: The Innovation Network Programme
The Perfect Cluster Programme - Nordic-German-Polish-Baltic project
The impacts of Danish and Bavarian Cluster Services – results from the
Nordic-German-Polish Cluster Excellence Benchmarking
Kommercialisering af forskningsresultater – Statistik 2011 (Public
Research Commercialisation Survey – Denmark 2011)
Performanceregnskab for GTS-net 2012
Performanceregnskab for Innovationsmiljøer 2012
Innovation Network Denmark – Performance Accounts 2012
Produktivitetseffekter i Norden af erhvervslivets forskning og udvikling
Erhvervslivets forskning, udvikling og innovation i 2012
Evaluering af innovationsmiljøerne
Access to Research and Technical Information in Denmark
Universiteternes Iværksætterbarometer 2011
Impact Study: The Innovation Network Programme
Clusters are Individuals: Nordic-German-Polish Cluster Excellence
Benchmarking
24 ways to cluster excellence – successful case stories from clusters in
Germany, Poland and the Nordic countries
Impact Study of Eureka Projects
Evaluering af GTS-instituttet Teknologisk Institut
69
13/2011
12/2011
11/2011
10/2011
09/2011
08/2011
07/2011
06/2011
05/2011
04/2011
03/2011
02/2011
01/2011
2010
12/2010
10/2010
09/2010
08/2010
07/2010
06/2010
05/2010
04/2010
Evaluering af GTS-instituttet DBI
Evaluering af GTS-instituttet DELTA
Kommercialisering af forskningsresultater – Statistik 2010 (Public
Research Commercialisation Survey – Denmark 2010)
Performanceregnskab for Videnskabsministeriets GTS-net 2011
Performanceregnskab for Videnskabsministeriets Innovationsmiljøer 2011
Innovation Network Denmark – Performance Accounts 2011
Erhvervslivets Outsourcing af FoU
Evaluering af GTS-instituttet FORCE Technology
Evaluering af GTS-instituttet Bioneer
Evaluering af GTS-instituttet DHI
Erhvervslivets forskning, udvikling og innovation i 2011
Økonomiske effekter af erhvervslivets forskningssamarbejde med
offentlige videninstitutioner
Analysis of Danish innovation policy - The Industrial PhD Programme
and the Innovation Consortium Scheme
Brugerundersøgelse af GTS-institutterne 2010
Universiteternes Iværksætterbaromenter 2010
Performanceregnskab for Videnskabsministeriets Innovationsmiljøer 2010
Innovationsnetværk Danmark - Performanceregnskab 2010
Performanceregnskab for Videnskabsministeriets GTS-net 2010
Kommercialisering af forskningsresultater - Statistik 2009
InnovationDanmark 2009 - resultater og evalueringsstrategi
Effektmåling af videnpilotordningens betyd¬ning for små og mellemstore
virksomheder
03/2010 An Analysis of Firm Growth Effects of the Danish Innovation
Consortium Scheme
02/2010 Erhvervslivets forskning, udvikling og innovation i Danmark 2010
01/2010 Produktivitetseffekter af erhvervslivets forskning, udvikling og innovation
68
The Effect of the Industrial PhD Programme on Employment and Income
The Effect of the Industrial PhD Programme on Employment and Income