IFU, Alm.del - 2015-16 - Endeligt svar på spørgsmål 37: MFU spm. om, hvilke krav der skal være opfyldt for at opnå statsborgerskab i konkrete lande, til udlændinge-, integrations- og boligministeren

Indfødsretsudvalget 2015-16
IFU Alm.del
Offentligt

Ministeren

Indfødsretsudvalget

Folketinget

Christiansborg

1240 København K

Folketingets Indfødsretsudvalg har den 16. december 2015 efter ønske fra Ikke-medlem af

udvalget Alex Ahrendtsen (DF) stillet følgende spørgsmål nr. 37 (Alm. del) til udlændinge-,

integrations- og boligministeren, som hermed besvares.

Spørgsmål nr. 37:

Vil ministeren oplyse, hvilke krav der skal være opfyldt for at opnå statsborgerskab i føl-

gende lande?:

– Algeriet

– Bahrain

– Egypten

– Jordan

– Kuwait

– Israel

– Libyen

– Marokko

– Oman

– Qatar

– Saudi-Arabien

– Tunesien

– Tyrkiet

– Yemen

Spørgsmålet har tidligere været stillet i folketingsåret 2014-15, 1. samling, jf. IFU alm. del -

spm. 47, og i folketingsåret 2014-15, 2. samling, jf. IFU alm. del - spm. 7. Spørgsmålene er

foreløbigt besvaret.

Svar:

Som det fremgår af de foreløbige besvarelser af 31. januar 2016 af spørgsmål nr. 37 (Alm.

del), af 7. august 2015 af spørgsmål nr. 7 (Alm. del) og af 13. april 2015 af spørgsmål nr. 47

(Alm. del) fra Folketingets Indfødsretsudvalg, har Justitsministeriet til brug for besvarelsen

af spørgsmålet anmodet Udenrigsministeriet om at søge at indhente de ønskede oplysnin-

ger.

Udlændinge-, Integrations- og Boligministeriet kan oplyse, at ministeriet har modtaget

oplysninger fra Udenrigsministeriet vedrørende de 14 lande, der spørges til. Udenrigsmini-

steriet har i den forbindelse oplyst følgende:

Dato: 5. juli 2016

Udlændinge-, Integrations- og

Boligministeriet

Slotsholmsgade 10

Post

1216 København K

Tel.

7226 8400

Mail

[email protected]

Web

www.uibm.dk

CVR-nr.

Ref.-nr.

36977191

2016 - 716

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IFU, Alm.del - 2015-16 - Endeligt svar på spørgsmål 37: MFU spm. om, hvilke krav der skal være opfyldt for at opnå statsborgerskab i konkrete lande, til udlændinge-, integrations- og boligministeren

”Til brug for UIBM's udarbejdelse af svar på FT spørgsmål 37 IFU alm. del, jfr. tidli-

gere spørgsmål 47 IFU alm. del og spørgsmål 7 IFU alm. del vedr. hvilke krav, der

skal være opfyldt for at opnå statsborgerskab i en række udvalgte lande, bemær-

kes, at Udenrigsministeriet via de danske repræsentationer har indhentet informa-

tioner om indfødsret vedr. de omfattede lande.

Hvor en anmodning om en fyldestgørende redegørelse ikke har kunnet indhentes

ved en direkte forespørgsel hos de lokale myndigheder, er der søgt oplysninger via

myndighedernes officielle hjemmesider, hvorfra der om fornødent er foretaget en

uofficiel oversættelse til engelsk eventuelt med supplerende uofficielle bemærk-

ninger på dansk. I visse tilfælde har repræsentationerne indhentet information via

stedlig advokat.

Særligt for så vidt angår Udenrigsministeriets besvarelse af 21. februar 2016 vedr.

lovgivningen i Saudi Arabien, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman og Yemen, har ambassaden

for de sidstnævnte fire lande efterfølgende vurderet, at kontrahering af en advokat

ikke kunne bidrage med væsentlig substans i forhold til, hvad der allerede forelig-

ger oplyst fra officielle kanaler. Grundet den intense konflikt i Yemen vil brug af ad-

vokat dér ikke tjene et formål til at indhente kurante informationer. Derimod vil

kontakt til en advokat i Bahrain, Oman og Kuwait kunne benyttes i de situationer,

hvor der skal søges oplysninger i en helt konkret sag om indfødsret.

Ambassaden i Riyadh har således ikke iværksat yderligere undersøgelser via advo-

kat.”

Udlændinge-, Integrations- og Boligministeriet har nedenfor gengivet de oplysninger, som

Udenrigsministeriet har fremsendt vedrørende de krav, der skal være opfyldt for at er-

hverve statsborgerskab i de 14 lande.

Algeriet

Udenrigsministeriet har oplyst følgende:

“Til brug for UIBM's udarbejdelse af svar på FT spørgsmål 37 IFU alm. del, jfr. tidli-

gere spørgsmål 47 IFU alm. del og spørgsmål 7 IFU alm. del vedr. hvilke krav, der

skal være opfyldt for at opnå statsborgerskab i en række udvalgte lande, følger

hermed retsgrundlaget for erhvervelse af indfødsret i Algeriet, som den danske rej-

sende ambassadør for Algeriet, pt. København, har tilvejebragt via advokat i Algier:

The conditions of acquisition of the Algerian Nationality are governed by the Order

No 05-01 of February 27th, 2005 modifying and completing the Order No 70-86 of

December 15th, 1970 relating to the Algerian Nationality Code (hereinafter re-

ferred to as the “Order 05-01”.

…

The Algerian nationality can be acquired as follows:

1) Acquisition of the Algerian Nationality by the Marriage

According to Article 09 bis of the Order 05-01, the Algerian nationality can be ac-

quired by the Marriage with an Algerian (male or female), by Decree in the follow-

ing conditions:

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- To prove that the Marriage is legal and effectively established since three (3)

years at least at the time of the filing of the request

- To have an habitual and regular residence in Algeria since two (2) years at least

- To have a good conduct and be of a good morality

- To justify of sufficient means of subsistence.

2) Acquisition of the Algerian Nationality through the Naturalization

According to Article 10 of the Order 05-01, the foreigner who submits such a re-

quest can acquire the Algerian nationality provided:

- To have his residency in Algeria since seven (7) years at least at the date of the re-

quest

- To have his residency in Algeria at the time of the signature of the Decree granting

the naturalization

- To be major

- To be of a good morality and to not have been convicted to an infamous condem-

nation

- To justify of sufficient means of subsistence

- To have a healthy mind and body

- To justify his/her assimilation to the Algerian community.

In addition to the above, please note that are Algerians:

A) Algerians by Filiation:

According to Article 06 of the Order 05-01, is considered as Algerian, the child born

of an Algerian father or of an Algerian mother.

B) Algerians by Birth:

According to Article 07 of the Order 05-01, is of Algerian Nationality by birth in Al-

geria:

a) The Child born in Algeria of unknown parents.

However, the child born in Algeria from unknown parents will be deemed to never

have been Algerian, if during his minority, his filiation is legally established towards

a foreigner (male or female) and if he has, according to the national law of such

foreigner (male or female), the nationality of the latter.

The newborn child found in Algeria is presumed born in Algeria, until proven oth-

erwise.

B) The child born in Algeria of an unknown father and of a mother of which only the

name is on the birth certificate, without other mention that can prove the national-

ity of the latter.

The requests of acquisition of the Algerian Nationality are addressed to the Minis-

try of Justice.”

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Bahrain

Udenrigsministeriet har oplyst følgende:

”Til brug for UIBM's udarbejdelse af svar på FT spørgsmål 37 alm. del, jfr. tidligere

IFU alm. del spørgsmål 47 og IFU alm. del spørgsmål 7 vedr. hvilke krav skal være

opfyldt for at opnå statsborgerskab i en række udvalgte lande, følger hermed bi-

drag fra ambassaden i Riyadh, der tillige dækker Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman og Yemen.

Ambassaden har indhentet senest offentliggjorte lovtekster vedrørende opnåelse

af statsborgerskab fra ovennævnte landes officielle myndighedshjemmesider.

Derudover har ambassaden formelt kontaktet de relevante myndigheder

med anmodning om bekræftelse af, at de ovennævnte indhentede lovtekster er

den gældende lovgivning, og i tilfælde det er relevant at modtage evt. ændringer

hertil.

Ambassaden har foretaget

uofficielle

oversættelser af lovteksterne i de tilfælde,

hvor de ikke fandtes som officielle engelske oversættelser. Med link i dokumenter-

ne med de uofficielle oversættelser er der kildehenvist til de officielle hjemmesi-

der.

…

Bahrain:

Ambassadens henvendelse jf. pkt. 2 er ikke blevet besvaret af Bah-

rains myndigheder, og telefoniske rykkere har ikke afhjulpet sagen. Ambassaden

vurderer, at det er udsigtsløst at afvente yderligere. Kontrahering af en advokat i

Bahrain til at forestå denne afstemning vurderes at være den eneste realistiske

fremgangsmåde, hvorpå det kan bekræftes, at der ikke er foretaget ændringer i lo-

ven efter 2014. Den vedhæftede lovtekst indeholder den oprindelige lovtekst samt

en lovændring fra sommeren 2014. ”

Udlændinge-, Integrations- og Boligministeriet kan i den forbindelse oplyse, at ministeriet

af denne uofficielle oversættelse af den bahrainske statsborgerskabslov bl.a. kan udlede,

at bahrainsk statsborgerskab erhverves på baggrund af afstamning, når den pågældende

er:

Født i Bahrain af en bahrainsk far.

Født uden for Bahrain af en bahrainsk far, såfremt faren eller bedstefaren er født i

Bahrain.

Født i Bahrain eller i udlandet af en bahrainsk mor, hvis faren er ukendt, statsløs el-

ler, hvis faderskabet ikke er underbygget.

Udlændinge-, Integrations- og Boligministeriet kan endvidere af loven udlede, at bahrainsk

statsborgerskab erhverves ved fødslen, når den pågældende er:

Født i Bahrain, og dennes far også er født i Bahrain og har taget permanent ophold i

landet på tidspunktet for fødslen, og vedkommende ikke besidder anden nationali-

tet.

Født i Bahrain af ukendte forældre.

Udlændinge-, Integrations- og Boligministeriet kan derudover af loven udlede, at bah-

rainsk statsborgerskab kan erhverves ved naturalisation, såfremt den pågældende er

myndig og opfylder visse betingelser vedrørende ophold, god opførsel, sprogkundskaber

og ejerskab af fast ejendom. Det fremgår endvidere, at statsborgerskab ved naturalisation

sker efter kongelig resolution.

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Udlændinge-, Integrations- og Boligministeriet kan af loven endelig udlede, at bahrainsk

statsborgerskab erhverves ved indgåelse af ægteskab med en bahrainsk mand.

Genpart af de uofficielle oversættelser af den bahrainske statsborgerskabslov fra 1963 og

ændringsloven fra 2014 er vedlagt som bilag 1 og 2.

Egypten

Udenrigsministeriet har oplyst følgende:

”Til brug for UIBM's udarbejdelse af svar på FT spørgsmål 37 IFU alm. del, jfr. tidli-

gere spørgsmål 47 IFU alm. del og spørgsmål 7 IFU alm. del vedr. hvilke krav,

der skal være opfyldt for at opnå statsborgerskab i en række udvalgte lande, følger

hermed bidrag fra ambassaden i Cairo, for så vidt angår egyptisk lovgivning for ind-

fødsret. Informationerne er tilvejebragt via stedlig advokat.”

Følgende fremgår af det fra ambassaden fremsendte bidrag:

”

Rules and procedures for acquiring an Egyptian citizenship

Please find here below the legalization about how to become an Egyptian citizen,

or the formal demands and specific rules for acquiring that citizenship. All appli-

cants must meet the following criteria:

10 consecutive years of residence in Egypt.

Must be aged 21 or over. Children aged under 21 normally obtain Egyptian citi-

zenship automatically at the same time a responsible parent is naturalized.

Should be mentally sane and suffering from no disability rendering him a bur-

den on society.

Should be of a good conduct and reputation, and that no criminal penalty or

penalty restricting his freedom should have been passed against him in a crime

against honour, unless he has been rehabilitated.

Should be acquainted with the Arabic language.

Should have a legal means of earning his living.

The Egyptian Nationality may be granted by Presidential decree, without being

bound by the restrictions set out under the law, to any foreigner who renders

honourable services to Egypt, as well as to the heads of the Egyptian religious

sects.

By marriage: Wives of Egyptian citizens (but not husbands of Egyptian citizens)

can apply for citizenship (with the consent of the Egyptian husband) and ac-

quire the citizenship after two years provided that the marriage is not termi-

nated, except in case of the husband’s death. However the Ministry of Interior

may issue a justified decree depriving the wife from acquiring the Egyptian na-

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tionality, before the lapse of the two years stipulated herein, but such rejec-

tion can be disputed at court.

By Birth in Egypt:

1) Those who were born in Egypt to an Egyptian mother, and a father whose

nationality is unknown or who is stateless at the time of birth.

2) Those who were born in Egypt, to an Egyptian mother but their kinship to

the father has not been proved legally.

3) Those that were born in Egypt to unknown parents.

10. By Birth to an Egyptian Parent:

1) Those who were born to an Egyptian parent

2) Those who were born abroad, of an Egyptian mother, and of an unknown fa-

ther, or a stateless father, or a father whose nationality is unknown, if he

chooses the Egyptian nationality, within one year from the date he comes of

age, provided he shall advise the Minister of Interior of his choice, after making

his ordinary residence in Egypt, and the minister of Interior does not object

thereto within one year from the date of the advice is received by the Minister.

11. To whoever belongs to an Egyptian origin whenever he applies for Egyptian na-

tionality after 5 years of ordinary residence in Egypt, provided he has already

attained full age at the time he submits the application.

“Egyptian origin” means for the requirements of this law any Egyptian in whose

case the absence of the residence element required in respect of him, his father or

husband, or inability to establish such a residence support has forestalled recogni-

tion for him of the Egyptian nationality, if one of his ancestors or the ancestors of

the husband was born in Egypt.

It is worth mentioning here that a non-Egyptian who has acquired the Egyptian na-

tionality:

(a) shall not be entitled to exercising political rights before the lapse of 5 years

from the date he acquires the nationality.

(b) he may not be elected or appointed a member of any parliamentary body be-

fore the lapse of 10 years from the said date.

However, by Presidential decree, he may be exempted from the first restriction, or

both restrictions combined, those who have joined the Egyptian Armed Forces and

fought in their ranks, from the first restriction or both restrictions combined.”

Israel

Udenrigsministeriet har oplyst følgende:

”Til brug for UIBM's udarbejdelse af svar på FT spørgsmål 37 alm. del, jfr. tidligere

IFU alm. del spørgsmål 47 og IFU alm. del spørgsmål 7 vedr. hvilke krav skal være

opfyldt for at opnå statsborgerskab i en række udvalgte lande, følger hermed bi-

drag fra ambassaden i Tel Aviv:

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…

De relevante israelske myndigheder har i spørgsmålet henvist til nationalitetsloven,

der vedlægges t.o. Der findes ingen officiel oversættelse, men ambassaden har be-

nyttet en uofficiel oversættelse - foretaget af FN - samt selv foretaget oversættelse

af de seneste lovændringer.”

Udlændinge-, Integrations- og Boligministeriet kan i den forbindelse oplyse, at ministeriet

af den uofficielle oversættelse af den israelske nationalitetslov bl.a. kan udlede, at israelsk

statsborgerskab erhverves ved fødslen, når den pågældende er:

Født i Israel af en israelsk far eller mor.

Født i udlandet af en israelsk far eller mor, når vedkommende erhverver israelsk

statsborgerskab ved bl.a. tilbagevenden til Israel, bopæl i Israel, naturalisation el-

ler adoption.

Udlændinge-, Integrations- og Boligministeriet kan endvidere af loven udlede, at israelsk

statsborgerskab kan erhverves af en person, som er født statsløs i Israel, hvis den pågæl-

dende ansøger herom efter det fyldte 18. år og inden det fyldte 21. år, og såfremt ved-

kommende har haft bopæl i Israel i en sammenhængende periode på 5 år umiddelbart

inden indgivelse af en ansøgning. Ansøgningen kan dog afvises, hvis den pågældende er

fundet skyldig i en forbrydelse mod statens sikkerhed eller er blevet idømt fængselsstraf

på 5 år eller derover for en anden strafbar handling.

Udlændinge-, Integrations- og Boligministeriet kan derudover af loven udlede, at israelsk

statsborgerskab kan erhverves ved naturalisation, såfremt den pågældende opfylder visse

betingelser vedrørende alder, ophold, sprog, løsning fra hidtidigt statsborgerskab og afgi-

velse af loyalitetserklæring. I særlige i loven angivne tilfælde vil der kunne dispenseres fra

visse af ovenstående betingelser.

Udlændinge-, Integrations- og Boligministeriet kan endelig af loven udlede, at israelsk

statsborgerskab kan erhverves ved naturalisation af en ægtefælle til en israelsk statsbor-

ger eller en person, som opfylder eller har fået dispensation fra betingelserne for naturali-

sation, selvom den pågældende ikke opfylder naturalisationsbetingelserne.

Genpart af den uofficielle oversættelse af den israelske nationalitetslov er vedlagt som

bilag 3.

Jordan

Udenrigsministeriet har oplyst følgende:

”Til brug for UIBM's udarbejdelse af svar på FT spørgsmål 37 alm. del, jfr. tidligere

IFU alm. del spørgsmål 47 og IFU alm. del spørgsmål 7 vedr. hvilke krav skal være

opfyldt for at opnå statsborgerskab i en række udvalgte lande, følger hermed bi-

drag fra ambassaden i Beirut, der er sideakkrediteret til Jordan. Informationerne

om jordansk indfødsret er tilvejebragt via stedlig jordansk advokat, som oplyser

følgende:

The Jordanian nationality in govern by the Jordanian Nationality Law No (6) for the

Year (1954).

…

According to the mentioned above law,

Arabs

can submit a request to obtain the

Jordanian nationality if they meet the following terms:-

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1- they should have a no less than fifteen consecutive years residency in Jordan.

2- they should relinquish their original nationality in writing.

3- to be a well-reputed person with a well conduct reputation and has no criminal

record against honour and moralities.

4- have a legitimate means of living.

5- to be mentally sound, with no disabilities that could be considered as a public

charge or a burden on the society.

6-to oath-taking of allegiance and loyalty to His Majesty the King in front of a mag-

istrate.

the nationality will be granted through a decision of the Cabinet, upon the recom-

mendation of the Minister of Interior.

The foreign woman

who marries a Jordanian could obtain Jordanian citizenship af-

ter the approval of the Minister of Interior if she declared her desire in writing to

receive it, and according to the following terms: -

(A)if her marriage was for no less than three years and her original nationality was

an Arab nationality.

(B) if her marriage was for no less than five years and her original nationality was a

non-Arab nationality.

Any non-Jordanian,

with full mental faculties, can submit a request to the Cabinet

to obtain the Jordanian nationality under the following terms:

1. applicant should have taken Jordan as his ordinary residence place for four years

before the date of application.

2. not be convicted of any crime against honour and moralities.

3. intends to stay in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.

4. to know the Arabic language reading and writing.

5. To be of good conduct and reputation.

6. to be mentally sound, with no disabilities that could be considered as a public

charge or a burden on the society.

7. have a legitimate means of earning taking into account not compete with Jorda-

nians in occupations where the number of them is available.

The cabinet can grant or deny

the application submitted in accordance with the

provisions of Article 12 of this Law.

2. The Cabinet with the approval of His Majesty the King can dispense the require-

ment for four prior years residence if the applicant was an Arab

Or there was privacy conditions devolve to what benefit the public interest.

3. Jordanian nationality shall not be granted to any person unless the applicant los-

es the original nationality once the Jordanian nationality is granted

Please note that there is an additional procedure where the applicant must obtain

the approval of the security authorizes.

The translation above is not a legal translation, a legal translation can be provided if

requested.”

Genpart af den jordanske statsborgerskabslov nr. 6 fra 1954 er vedlagt som bilag 4.

Kuwait

Udenrigsministeriet har oplyst følgende:

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”Til brug for UIBM's udarbejdelse af svar på FT spørgsmål 37 alm. del, jfr. tidligere

IFU alm. del spørgsmål 47 og IFU alm. del spørgsmål 7 vedr. hvilke krav skal være

opfyldt for at opnå statsborgerskab i en række udvalgte lande, følger hermed bi-

drag fra ambassaden Riyadh, der tillige dækker Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman og Yemen.

Ambassaden har indhentet senest offentliggjorte lovtekster vedrørende opnåelse

af statsborgerskab fra ovennævnte landes officielle myndighedshjemmesider.

Derudover har ambassaden formelt kontaktet de relevante myndigheder

med anmodning om bekræftelse af, at de ovennævnte indhentede lovtekster er

den gældende lovgivning og i tilfælde det er relevant at modtage evt. ændringer

hertil.

Ambassaden har foretaget uofficielle oversættelser af lovteksterne i de tilfælde,

hvor de ikke fandtes som officielle engelske oversættelser. Med link i dokumenter-

ne med de uofficielle oversættelser er der kildehenvist til de officielle hjemmesider.

…

Kuwait:

Ambassadens henvendelse jf. pkt. 2 er ikke blevet besvaret af Kuwaits

myndigheder, og telefoniske rykkere har ikke afhjulpet sagen Ambassaden vurde-

rer, at det er udsigtsløst at afvente yderligere. Kontrahering af en advokat i Kuwait

til at forestå denne afstemning vurderes at være den eneste realistiske frem-

gangsmåde, hvorpå det kan bekræftes, at der ikke er foretaget yderligere ændrin-

ger efter den i loven senest angivne fra 1995.”

Udenrigsministeriet har fremsendt den kuwaitiske statsborgerskabslov fra 1959, som

senest ændret ved lov nr. 32 fra 1995, hvilken ambassaden har indhentet fra Kuwait Nati-

onal Assemblys hjemmeside.

Udlændinge-, Integrations- og Boligministeriet kan i den forbindelse oplyse, at ministeriet

af denne uofficielle oversættelse af den kuwaitiske statsborgerskabslov bl.a. kan udlede,

at kuwaitisk statsborgerskab erhverves ved fødslen, når den pågældende er:

Født i Kuwait eller i udlandet af en kuwaitisk far.

Født i Kuwait af ukendte forældre.

Udlændinge-, Integrations- og Boligministeriet kan endvidere af loven udlede, at kuwaitisk

statsborgerskab kan erhverves af en person, efter denne er blevet myndig, hvis den på-

gældende er født i Kuwait eller i udlandet af en kuwaitisk mor, hvis faren er ukendt, eller

hvis faderskabet ikke er juridisk underbygget.

Udlændinge-, Integrations- og Boligministeriet kan derudover af loven udlede, at kuwaitisk

statsborgerskab kan erhverves ved naturalisation, såfremt den pågældende opfylder visse

betingelser vedrørende alder, ophold, lovligt indtægtsgrundlag, karakter, kriminalitet,

sprog, særlige kvalifikationer og religion.

Udlændinge-, Integrations- og Boligministeriet kan endelig af loven udlede, at kuwaitisk

statsborgerskab kan erhverves ved ægteskab med en kuwaitisk mand, hvis den pågælden-

de afgiver en erklæring herom, og hvis ægteskabet som udgangspunkt har bestået i

mindst 15 år.

Genpart af den uofficielle oversættelse af den kuwaitiske statsborgerskabslov fra 1959,

som senest ændret ved lov nr. 32 fra 1995, er vedlagt som bilag 5.

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Libyen

Udenrigsministeriet har oplyst følgende:

”Til brug for UIBM's udarbejdelse af svar på FT spørgsmål 37 IFU alm. del, jfr. tidli-

gere spørgsmål 47 IFU alm. del og spørgsmål 7 IFU alm. del vedr. hvilke krav, der

skal være opfyldt for at opnå statsborgerskab i en række udvalgte lande, følger

hermed informationer indhentet via ambassaden i Rabat om indfødsretslovgivnin-

gen, for så vidt angår Marokko og Libyen.

Det bemærkes, at Danmark ikke har udsendte el. anden repræsentation i Libyen,

og de diplomatiske forbindelser med Libyen varetages for tiden af Mellemøst- og

Nordafrika kontoret i Udenrigsministeriet.

Materialet vedrørende opnåelse af statsborgerskab i de to nævnte lande baserer

sig på offentligt tilgængelig web-information, herunder fra stedlige myndigheders

hjemmesider. Som følge af den nuværende situation i Libyen har det ikke været

muligt for ambassaden via stedlige kilder eller den libyske repræsentation i Marok-

ko at validere de udfundne oplysninger, hvorfor der tages forbehold for ændringer

og administration af praksis på området.”

Følgende fremgår af det fra ambassaden fremsendte bidrag:

”NATIONALITY:

Libya

In May 2010 ‘Law number (24) on The Libyan Nationality’ was adopted. This law is

currently still in force.

2.1 Right to Nationality

Article 2 of the Nationality Law stipulates that:

Every person with regular residency in Libya since 7 October 1951, without any

other foreign nationality, is considered Libyan if one of the following conditions is

applicable to him/her:

• He/she is born in Libya

• He/she is born outside Libya but one of his/her parents is born in Libya

• He/she is born outside Libya but resided regularly in Libya for a period not less

than 10 years before 07/10/1951

Article 3 adds that a person is also considered Libyan if:

• He/she is born in Libya to a Libyan father

• He/she is born outside Libya to a Libyan father

• He/she is born in Libya to a Libyan mother and a father that either has an un-

known nationality or who is stateless. Or his/her parents are unknown

…

2.3 Reacquisition of Nationality

According to article 8 of the Law on Nationality, it is possible to reacquire the Liby-

an nationality for a person who obtained nationality of the country he/she emi-

grated to. The person needs to submit documents that prove his/her Libyan origin.

Article 7 lists the following conditions for establishing Libyan origin:

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10/20

• Proof of Libyan origin depends on authenticated documents

• Libyan authorities will issue a decision on the needed documents to prove Libyan

origin; witness testimonies are not considered proof.

• The applicant for Libyan nationality must be registered in the registry of Libyan

authorities in the country that he immigrated to and resided in.

More information on the exact procedure to reacquire Libyan nationality has not

been found.

…

2.5 Right for Libyan Women to Pass on Nationality

According to article 3 of the Nationality Law, a Libyan mother can only pass on her

nationality to her child if the child is born in Libya and the father’s nationality is ei-

ther unknown or he is stateless. This article in fact excludes children of Libyan

mothers and non-Libyan fathers from Libyan citizenship. This, however, seems to

contradict article 11 which states that the children of a Libyan mother who is mar-

ried to a non-Libyan can obtain Libyan nationality. No information has been found

on what happens in a situation like this in practise. It remains ambiguous what the

actual rights of Libyan women are regarding the possibility to pass on their nation-

ality to their children if their husbands are not Libyan. Different sources have dif-

ferent interpretations of these articles. No information regarding the actual imple-

mentation of these articles has been found. This seems to support the suggestion

by one media source that the Ministry of Interior is so far refusing to put the law in

this regard into practise.

2.6 Mixed Marriages

2.6.1 Libyan Men with Foreign Spouses

Libyan men can get married to non-Libyan women without restrictions. Their chil-

dren are automatically considered Libyan. This is even the case if they are born

abroad and never obtained a Libyan birth certificate or passport, according to one

source. Foreign women married to Libyan men can apply for Libyan nationality

when they have been married for more than two years. Several sources mention

that foreign women (used to) have to renounce their nationality before acquiring

the Libyan one. Palestinian women married to Libyan men can also acquire Libyan

nationality (unlike Palestinian men married to Libyan women).

2.6.2 Libyan Women with Foreign Spouses

Libyan women must obtain permission from the government to marry non-Libyan

men, according to one source. It also states that they are often confronted with dif-

ficulties and harassment when trying to get the permission. Information on the

procedure of obtaining the government permission has not been found. In 2013

the grand mufti, Sheikh Sadeq al-Ghariani, issued a fatwa against Libyan women

marrying foreigners, claiming the foreigners married Libyan women and made

them convert to other religions. The Ministry of Social Affairs endorsed the fatwa

by suspending issuance of marriage licences. Suspension of the marriage licences is

meant to be a temporary measure until proper laws and regulations are in place.

No information was found regarding cancellation of it which suggests there are still

no marriage licences issued until today. The previous nationality law and its

amendments made it possible for Libyan women to marry foreigners without losing

their Libyan nationality, but they could not pass it on to their children, according to

Human Rights Watch. This made it impossible for these families to obtain the offi-

cial documentation they needed to gain access to state services like medical care,

subsidized food and allowances the state would grant after a child was born. As

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stated above, Libyan women cannot pass their nationality on to their husbands,

and it remains unclear whether or not they can give their children Libyan nationali-

ty. Palestinian men are specifically mentioned in the Nationality law as being una-

ble to obtain Libyan nationality even if they are married to Libyan women.

Report Libya: Nationality, Registration and Documents 19 December 2014.”

Genpart af bidrag udarbejdet af Den Danske Ambassade i Rabat er vedlagt som bilag 6.

Marokko

Udenrigsministeriet har oplyst følgende:

”Til brug for UIBM's udarbejdelse af svar på FT spørgsmål 37 IFU alm. del, jfr. tidli-

gere spørgsmål 47 IFU alm. del og spørgsmål 7 IFU alm. del vedr. hvilke krav, der

skal være opfyldt for at opnå statsborgerskab i en række udvalgte lande, følger

hermed informationer indhentet via ambassaden i Rabat om indfødsretslovgivnin-

gen, for så vidt angår Marokko og Libyen.

…

Materialet vedrørende opnåelse af statsborgerskab i de to nævnte lande baserer

sig på offentligt tilgængelig web-information, herunder fra stedlige myndigheders

hjemmesider.

…”

Følgende fremgår af det fra ambassaden fremsendte bidrag:

”Morocco

Rules and procedures for acquiring citizenship

The most recent reform to the Citizenship Code, introduced by Mohammed VI was

enacted in 2007.

The acquisition of Moroccan citizenship at birth

Morocco grants citizenship to mixed couples’ children born to a male or a female

citizen and a foreign national, whatever the birthplace (art.6)19. Henceforth, chil-

dren born to a Moroccan mother and a foreign father will receive the citizenship of

both of their parents. They are dual citizens at birth, as is the child born to a Mo-

roccan father and a foreign woman. The 2007 reform retains the grant of the citi-

zenship to the child born in Morocco to unknown parents (art.7), but does not ex-

tend it to the child born in Morocco to two stateless parents.

The acquisition of Moroccan citizenship after birth

There is a right for the child born in Morocco to foreign parents also born in Mo-

rocco to become a citizen after the entering into force of the initial citizenship

code, if he/she usually and regularly lives in the country and presents a declaration

within the two years before coming of age (18 years old). An option also exists, at

any age, for the child born in Morocco to foreign parents if the father, born there at

any time, is from a country where the majority of the population is Muslim and

speaks Arabic and if he belongs to this community. Furthermore, the Citizenship re-

form has introduced the possibility for a child, born abroad to unknown parents, to

become a national after five years or to opt for citizenship on his or her own two

years before coming of age (art.9-2).

The acquisition of Moroccan citizenship by marriage

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12/20

Women are unable to transmit their citizenship to their husband, and marrying a

Moroccan woman does not give any priority in terms of naturalisation or access to

citizenship. It may be considered as an element of integration to be taken into ac-

count in naturalisation. Only men can transmit citizenship through marriage. Mo-

rocco has strengthened the conditions needed for a foreign woman to obtain citi-

zenship where the period required before being allowed to submit an application

for Moroccan citizenship is five years (art.10), i.e. equal to the period required for

general naturalisation. Adult foreign nationals wishing to obtain Moroccan citizen-

ship are subject to the same residency requirement be they men or women,

though not the same procedure. The residence still has to be regular and usual, and

the declaration still has to be made during the marriage. Yet, if the marriage ends

after the declaration, it has no effect on the right to obtain citizenship.

The acquisition of Moroccan citizenship by naturalisation

Applicants are required to be of age (art.11); to have had his/her usual and regular

residency in Morocco for at least five years; to be sane of body and spirit (unless

the physical or mental disability is due to a service to the state); to be of good mor-

als; to have a sufficient knowledge of Arabic; and to have sufficient means of living.

Residency has to be established when the declaration is made, but now must still

be established when the request is decided upon (art.11-1). Becoming a national

does not imply renouncing the subject’s previous citizenship. Dual citizenship is tol-

erated and, indeed, widespread, provided that it is allowed by the origin country.

Naturalisation can still be removed within one year of the naturalisation act if con-

ditions go unfulfilled (art.14). The naturalisation can be extended to the naturalised

citizen’s non-married minors, but children over 16 can repudiate citizenship from

18 to 21 years of age (art.18). Morocco does not immediately grant new nationals

all the rights linked to citizenship, and in particular it does not grant political rights

for five years following naturalisation. New nationals have to wait five years before

being allowed to benefit from voting and eligibility rights in political elections and

also if they wish to work in the civil service (art.17). It thus keeps a distinction be-

tween nationality and citizenship and requires naturalised nationals to prove that

they deserve full citizenship with associated rights, and a place in protected areas

such as the political class and sensitive job positions.

...”

Genpart af bidrag udarbejdet af Den Danske Ambassade i Rabat er vedlagt som bilag 7.

Oman