FOU, Alm.del - 2015-16 - Endeligt svar på spørgsmål 321: Spm. om en redegørelse for de internationale erfaringer med anvendelse af enheder bemandet fortrinsvist og for nogles vedkommende udelukkende med reservepersonel/deltidssoldater i form af tidligere tjenstgørende personel, til forsvarsministeren

Forsvarsudvalget 2015-16
FOU Alm.del
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ON TRACK

There are too many names to mention, but I would

point you to individuals such as Louie Palu, the photographer

who has incidentally spent more time with Canadian and

American troops than any other journalist.

Calgary Herald journalist Michelle Lang gave up her

life covering Canadian soldiers last year.

With all due respect to the distinguished judges who

awarded me the Ross Munro prize, I would suggest she was

more deserving of the tribute. Her compendium of defence

writing my not have been large, but the spirit which brought

her here; the desire to bear independent witness while our

fellow citizens shed blood was every bit was much deserving

of recognition as the gallons of ink spilled in my copy.

At least three other Canadian journalists have

been wounded in Afghanistan; many others have returned

irrevocably changed by their experiences.

There have been so many gifted, honest people

who’ve gone through Kandahar and given journalism a better

name.

They didn’t sit behind the wire.

Few of us do.

I’m con•ident history will •ind a way of reconciling

the diﬀerent viewpoints, but in the meantime I cling to

something Edward R. Murrow once said:

“To be persuasive we must be believable; to be

believable we must be credible; credible we must be

truthful.”

Those are words for all of us to live by in war and in

peace. ©

Canada’s Army Reserve - Post the Combat Mission in

Afghanistan

by Brigadier-General Gary O’Brien

success in Afghanistan

has shaped a new vision and

con•idence in its Army Reserve. The mission could not

have been accomplished without the signi•icant Reservist

contribution at home and in theatre. At home, most Reservists

were employed to ensure that all operational requirements

to sustain eﬀorts were delivered. The war has done much

to shape the transformation plans within the Army and a

substantial new realization about the depth of contribution

of the Army Reserve is leading to a more Operational style

Reserve, capability based, and actively engaged in the Army

missions of the future.

Army Reserve Transformation—now linked and

driven by the requirements of the Army through Army

Transformation—is forging the roles of the Army Reserve in a

focused manner. Clearly supporting the capabilities required

by the

Canada First

Defence Plan, Reserve roles, missions,

and tasks are being developed to deliver real capability

and relevance within the Armys missions. It is important

to understand that these new requirements of the Army

Reserve are fundamentally changing the culture and essence

of this proud institution and are shaping a new Reserve

con•idence that will be important in securing success. There

In March of 2006 Brigadier-General O’Brien deployed to

Afghanistan where he served as the Deputy Commanding

General, Political Military Integration, in the Coalition

Headquarters of Combined Security Transition Command –

Afghanistan for nine months. Upon his return to Canada he

was appointed Director General Land Reserve and is now Chief

of Staff Land Reserve.

Independent and Informed

anada’s

remain many challenges. Thoughtful and rigorous analyses

will be help ensure that this institution is not broken through

the process.

These new capabilities are focused to deliver eﬀect

in both the Domestic and Expeditionary realms. In addition

to these operational requirements, a new focus on connecting

with communities and Canadians will ensure that the Army

Reserve is achieving the critical success the people of Canada

expect.

Domestic

The Army Reserve has always been available for

military response in a domestic crisis. In recent history

almost all of the domestic operations have had substantial

Reserve participation. In some cases, the Reserve has

supplied all of the support. Soon the Army is standing up the

remaining Territorial Battalion Groups (TBG) to bring this

capability to ten battalions in total, one from each Reserve

Canadian Brigade Group (CBG). These TBGs formalize the

capability the Army Reserve will deliver for basic Domestic

Operations. The TBG may be a Force Employment model, but

it shapes how each CBG will organize and train its soldiers

to conduct these operations. Every unit will contribute

and it is designed to act as the follow on force after the

Immediate Response Units have deployed or to deploy as

the Army’s •irst response to a domestic emergency. It will be

structured to deliver capability across the military spectrum

and its integral Command and Control will provide for the

basic functionality required of an organization to conduct

domestic operations. TBGs will be self-sustaining and

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FOU, Alm.del - 2015-16 - Endeligt svar på spørgsmål 321: Spm. om en redegørelse for de internationale erfaringer med anvendelse af enheder bemandet fortrinsvist og for nogles vedkommende udelukkende med reservepersonel/deltidssoldater i form af tidligere tjenstgørende personel, til forsvarsministeren

ON TRACK

THE ROSS MUNRO MEDIA AWARD

Nominations are invited for the 2011 Ross

Munro Media Award.

The Ross Munro Media Award was

initiated in 2002 by the Conference of Defence

Associations (CDA) in collaboration with the

Canadian Defence & Foreign Aﬀairs Institute

(CDFAI). Its purpose is to recognize, annually,

one Canadian journalist who has made a

signi•icant and outstanding contribution to

the general public’s understanding of issues

that relate to Canada’s defence and security.

PRIX MÉDIA ROSS MUNRO

Nous invitons les nominations pour le prix média

Ross Munro, 2011.

Le prix Média Ross Munro a été

décerné pour la première fois en 2002 par la

Conférence des associations de la défense (CAD),

en collaboration avec l’Institut Canadien de la

Défense et des Aﬀaires Etrangères (ICDAE). Ce

prix a pour but de reconnaître annuellement un

journaliste canadien qui a contribué de manière

importante et remarquable à la sensibilisation du

grand public aux questions liées à la défense et à

la sécurité canadiennes.

Le lauréat ou la lauréate du Prix recevra

une reproduction de la statuette Ross Munro et un

prix en argent de 2500 $.

Au nombre des lauréats des années

précédentes, •igurent Stephen Thorne, Garth

Pritchard, Sharon Hobson, Bruce Campion-

Smith, Christie Blatchford, Matthew Fisher, Alec

Castonguay, Brian Stewart, et Murray Brewster.

Toute personne peut nommer un

(une) journaliste pour le prix Ross Munro. Les

nominations doivent nous parvenir par deux

lettres du soutien, être accompagnées

d’un sommaire citant les raisons qui

motivent votre nomination, d’une

biographie du candidat et des examples

des travaux du journaliste. Pour les

détails voir www.cda-cdai.ca, click:

Ross Munro Award. Les nominations

doivent nous parvenir au plus tard

le 1 septembre 2011, et doivent être

adressées au:

COMITÉ DE SÉLECTION DU PRIX

MÉDIA ROSS MUNRO

LA CONFÉRENCE DES

ASSOCIATIONS DE LA DÉFENSE

222, RUE SOMERSET OUEST, SUITE 400B

OTTAWA, ON K2P 2G3

Le prix média Ross Munro sera présenté vendredi,

le 18 novembre 2011, à un dîner qui aura lieu au Musée

canadien de la guerre.

Pour plus d’informations, incluant la demande de

billets pour le dîner, veuillez contacter la Conférence des

associations de la Défense: télécopieur (613) 236 8191;

courriel [email protected], ou téléphone (613) 236 9903.

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The recipient of the Award will receive a

replica of the Ross Munro statue, along with a

cash award of $2,500.

The past recipients of this prestigious

award are Stephen Thorne, Garth Pritchard,

Sharon Hobson, Bruce Campion-Smith, Christie

Blatchford, Matthew Fisher, Alec Castonguay,

Brian Stewart, and Murray Brewster.

Anyone may nominate a journalist

for the award. Nominations must be in

writing, accompanied by two letters of

support, and include a summary of reasons

for the nomination, a brief biographical

sketch of the nominee, and samples of

the journalist’s work. Further details

are available at www.cda-cdai.ca, click:

Ross Munro Award. Nominations must

be received by 1 September 2011, and

should be addressed to:

ROSS MUNRO MEDIA AWARD

SELECTION COMMITTEE

CONFERENCE OF DEFENCE

ASSOCIATIONS

222 SOMERSET STREET WEST, SUITE 400B

OTTAWA, ON K2P 2G3

The Ross Munro Media Award will be presented

on Friday, 18 November 2011, at the Vimy Award dinner

that will be held at the the Canadian War Museum.

For more information, including ticket orders

for the Award dinner, contact the Conference of Defence

Associations at: fax (613) 236-8191, e-mail pao@cda-cdai.

ca, or telephone (613) 236-9903.

Independent and Informed

ON TRACK

capable of operating in austere environments where civilian

infrastructure has become severally degraded or overloaded.

Fundamentally, the TBG is a signi•icant step forward in

ensuring that the Army Reserve delivers real capability in

real time when required.

In addition to the Territorial Battalion Groups the

Army Reserve makes further contribution in providing HQ

capability and detailed liaison between the multi agency

response organizations during any event. Signi•icantly, as the

military plans develop domestic readiness, the TBG concept

will evolve to ensure the Army Reserve has an important role

in defending Canada.

20% Reserve soldiers that are prepared and integrated long

before the mission training begins.

The Army Reserve was very successful in supporting

the Afghan mission and shared the terrible cost as well. This

success contributes to the con•idence the Army has with its

choice for the way forward and the ABG approach. In addition

to the tactical forces, the Army Reserve will continue to

contribute select Reservists for roles in the higher HQs and

potential capacity building organizations around the world.

Institutional Capabilities

The impact of these new tasks and a more operational

focus for the Army Reserve is also putting pressure on the

basic processes and policies for Reserve management in the

Army. A maturing of the systems within the Army is allowing

for more detailed examination of the Reserve dynamic and

highlighting key policy changes required in supporting this

new environment. The implementation of a Reserve Annual

Military Occupational Review (RAMOR) will lead to a deeper

understanding and more deliberate method of manning

critical occupations across the Army Reserve. This process

also allows for improved planning of individual training and

training capacity. It will have a profound impact on Army

Reserve Culture by enabling a deeper understanding of the

make up of the force.

Key to sustaining this operational focus will be the

establishment of a separate training capability that will

leverage the success of many of the ad hoc training structures

across the Reserve. The establishment of an eﬀective

management organization at the Brigade-level capable of

coordinating the complex requirements of our individual

training system is critical to sustaining the Reserve force

today.

Lastly, within the institutional pillar, the Army is in

the last stages of a fundamental review of its Army Reserve

Establishment Model. This has been a bottom up review

with the intent of revising the establishment model and

subsequently, the actual establishment to correct and align

the Army Reserve to the emerging new requirements. This

review has been undertaken with participation from all

components of the Army and will set the baseline foundation

for a more disciplined management approach across the

Army Land Force Areas.

Arctic

The growing importance of the Arctic will have a

signi•icant eﬀect on the Reserves. To provide capabilities

for potential operations in the Arctic, the Army has stood up

four speci•ically identi•ied Arctic Reserve Company Groups

(ARCGs). These groups are based on four Reserve units, each

in the four Land Force Areas: The Royal Winnipeg Ri•les, The

Grey and Simcoe Foresters, Les Voltigeurs de Québec, and

the 1

Bn, The Royal New Brunswick Regiment (Carleton and

York). The purpose of these company groups is to provide

additional soldiers specially trained in Arctic operations,

and resources for these operations. Critical to this important

and potentially dangerous task is that each of these Units are

being resourced with appropriate equipment sets and special

training to be able to provide follow on forces for Domestic

operations. The Army has already seen successful training

exercises with these new ARCGs and they will participate

broadly across all tasks in the Arctic.

Expeditionary

The Army has recognised that future expeditionary

missions will not succeed without signi•icant inclusion of

reservists, especially with the Civil Military Cooperation

(CIMIC) and Psychological Operations (PSYOPS) capabilities

coming from the Reserve Force. To meet the evolving threats

and to shape the Armys contribution to CF missions abroad

the Army has developed the Af•iliated Battle Group (ABG)

concept. This concept delivers an integrated Regular and

Reserve battle group, scalable by mission. Reserve Units

will receive speci•ic Force Generation tasks to augment

both individually and in sub-sub-units to assist in building

the ABG. The ABGs are shaped around the nine existing

Infantry battalions and the speci•ic linking of Reserve units

in support of individual ABGs will greatly assist in identifying

the readiness requirements and more predictable tasks

for Reserve Augmentation. Every arm in the ABG will

have a Reserve contribution whether that is a troop, gun

detachments, or a ri•le section. The fourth ri•le company of

every ABG will be a Reserve company and each of the ri•le

companies will receive additional Reserve soldiers to bring

them up to operational strength. Overall the ABG will be

Summary

The Army Reserve has matured in the last few years.

We have learned and relearned many important lessons. Our

Soldiers are proud and committed. It is also no secret that

the operations in Afghanistan required the Army Reserve to

do more than ever before. At the height of these operations in

2010, almost one in three Reservists was working full-time in

the Army. A substantial number of these full-time Reservists

were critically employed to back-•ill the Army and reinforce

the systems supporting and force generating for operations.

Independent and Informed

Autonome et renseigné

ON TRACK

Reducing this dynamic is not an easy task as the eﬀect of

this large scale activation has been to reduce the leadership

available on the Armoury •loor. With the coming changes in

the operations and commitments we need to address these

positions and reconstitute the part time Army Reserve.

Each of the new capabilities discussed here

strengthen the Army Reserves’ place in the Army and greater

Canadian Forces capability. It demonstrates a greater

commitment from the Army Reserve to our communities, the

nation, and the people of Canada. Many challenges remain,

but the con•idence now exuded by the Army Reserve is proof

of our acceptance of these challenges and tasks. We are re-

WAR POSTERS?

by Gertrude Kearns

“Editorial in nature, propaganda like in energy and attitude, with a bias towards chivalry and a hint of the devious, this series is

about the nature of command perspectives in modern operations. From Lieutenant-Commander to Colonel to General and Defence

Analyst this group of four Canadians creates a cross section of platforms spanning post cold war Balkans, Canadian security, and the

current Afghan counterinsurgency.“

his article is in part an artist’s statement, the term used

in current art practise whereby the visual arts practitioner

explains the intentions, ideas and contexts of his work, in

general as regards his practice, or as here speci•ically in

relation to a particular body of work.

This series of posters (2004-2010) is a war art

documentation of sorts using Canadian Forces individuals as

subjects. These expanded portraits function on three levels:

military portraiture, editorially tinged commentary, quasi

historical records, inasmuch as each subject’s Canadian

defence career is represented in the context of a speci•ic yet

verbally abstracted mission type. The one exception is the Col

Brian MacDonald piece which is about the nature of defence

analysis.

It is equally imperative that these works function

in the contemporary art forum, establishing another viable

credibility. This age of irony with a penchant for nihilistic

predisposition seeks integrated message and can be as

crucial as any visually technical prowess. These posters

seem to appeal to civilians even if the message remains

somewhat unclear. Even when they function as ‘just guys in

uniforms’, and by association the military in general, there is

an existential ring of sorts which bridges civilian and defence

interpretations.

Gertrude Kearns of Toronto has worked both of•icially and

unof•icially as a Canadian war artist for nearly two decades.

She had a 2006 contract with TFA Roto 0 embedded in theatre

in Kandahar and Kabul under Colonel S P Noonan. Work is in

private, public and corporate collections in Canada; currently

in the 2009-2012, eight venues across Canada “Brush with

War: military art from Korea to Afghanistan”, under DND and

the Canadian War Museum. She is the ‘unof•icial’ war artist

in residence at the RCMI and a SSC member, on the SITREP

Boulter Award jury for 4 years.

These posters are the antithesis of traditional war

posters, which targeted speci•ic audiences for immediate

results in the ‘war eﬀort’. They were highly emotional sales

devices via propaganda, not reliant on symbolism, humour

or metaphor. (The

two earlier posters in this series can be seen

in ON TRACK Vol 15 No 3 and Vol 15 No 4, at http://cda-cdai.

ca/cdai/on-track-library

- ed.).

My intentions are contrary in every sense. These

‘posters’ are not made to be reproduced in quantity,

understood easily, or sell anything. They need to be

interpreted, and gradated through an inherent understanding

of the concern in question. In other words ‘they are meant

for a sophisticated audience’; these words came in response

to a recent informal presentation I made of this group in a

Toronto think tank environment. They cannot even hint

at ‘real’ propaganda as they are not selling defence, not

even questioning it. Rather they aim to express the hinge

in operations via apparent oxymoron. However they are

intended to ‘look’ like propaganda, to suggest some campaign

is being waged as they are responding to the urgency of the

times. Because these portraits are heroic in nature, they are

meant to command attention and impart military ethos and

the psychological and strategic rationale of modern defence

sensibilities.

Suggested paradox and the general aesthete of each

work are points of departure from historical military art into

modern expressions of ‘social commentary’ it has been said,

but more signi•icantly from my perspective, an attempt to

make ‘defence commentary’. If they do not function in this

respect, they are not successful.

Each poster idea evolved slowly, in the midst of

other related work. My intention was to say as much as

possible with the fewest words. A 1942 war poster study

by the Toronto agency Young and Rubicon showed emotional

appeal to be the most eﬀective, whereas humour and

symbolism were ineﬀective sales tools/methods. Relying on

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Independent and Informed