Forsvarsudvalget 2015-16
FOU Alm.del
Offentligt
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Finnish Reserve concept
 FOU, Alm.del - 2015-16 - Endeligt svar på spørgsmål 321: Spm. om en redegørelse for de internationale erfaringer med anvendelse af enheder bemandet fortrinsvist og for nogles vedkommende udelukkende med reservepersonel/deltidssoldater i form af tidligere tjenstgørende personel, til forsvarsministeren
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Main legislation
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•
The Constitution of Finland
“Every Finnish citizen is obligated to participate or assist in
national defence”
Act on the Defence Forces
•
provides for the duties, authority, organization, administration,
military command decision making system and personnel of the
Defence Forces
Conscription Act
•
Every male Finnish citizen is liable for military service starting
from the beginning of the year in which he turns 18 years old until
the end of the year in which he turns 60,
•
military service includes service as a conscript, participation in
reservist training, extra service, and service during mobilization,
in addition to participation in call-ups and examinations assessing
fitness for military service
•
The Ministry of Defence directs the implementation of military
service
•
The Defence Command manages military service according to the
principles provided by the Ministry and is in charge of developing
the conscription system
2
•
 FOU, Alm.del - 2015-16 - Endeligt svar på spørgsmål 321: Spm. om en redegørelse for de internationale erfaringer med anvendelse af enheder bemandet fortrinsvist og for nogles vedkommende udelukkende med reservepersonel/deltidssoldater i form af tidligere tjenstgørende personel, til forsvarsministeren
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Main legislation
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Act on Voluntary Military Service for Women
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A female Finnish citizen can apply for military service
provided she is between 18 and 29 years of age and
both physically and mentally suited for military service
Act on Voluntary National Defence
•
provides for voluntary national defence organized under
the supervision and guidance of the authorities
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intended to develop the capability of citizens and the
authorities to participate in aiding society at large in
cases of serious disruption and exceptional
circumstances.
•
Provides the statues for The National Defence Training
Association of Finland (MPK)
•
The purpose of the National Defence Training
Association is to promote national defence through
training, publicity and education
... and further national legislation
3
•
•
 FOU, Alm.del - 2015-16 - Endeligt svar på spørgsmål 321: Spm. om en redegørelse for de internationale erfaringer med anvendelse af enheder bemandet fortrinsvist og for nogles vedkommende udelukkende med reservepersonel/deltidssoldater i form af tidligere tjenstgørende personel, til forsvarsministeren
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Finnish Defense Forces Wartime units
about 230 000 soldiers
About 3,5 % professional soldiers
Finland will be defended by reserve units
26. syyskuuta 2016
 FOU, Alm.del - 2015-16 - Endeligt svar på spørgsmål 321: Spm. om en redegørelse for de internationale erfaringer med anvendelse af enheder bemandet fortrinsvist og for nogles vedkommende udelukkende med reservepersonel/deltidssoldater i form af tidligere tjenstgørende personel, til forsvarsministeren
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Capabilities
Top
Capabilities
Large Reserve
 FOU, Alm.del - 2015-16 - Endeligt svar på spørgsmål 321: Spm. om en redegørelse for de internationale erfaringer med anvendelse af enheder bemandet fortrinsvist og for nogles vedkommende udelukkende med reservepersonel/deltidssoldater i form af tidligere tjenstgørende personel, til forsvarsministeren
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Military Service; Unit production
JA FEB M RA
N
A PR M YJUN JUL A
A
UG SEP OCT NOV DEC JA FEB
M R
A
N
A
PR M Y JUN JUL
A
BASIC
TRAINING SPECIAL
PERIOD
UNIT
TRAINING
PERIOD
165
TRAINING IN WAR-
TIME DUTIES AND
ORGANIZATIONS
TRAINING PERIOD OF THE RANKS
NCO
COURSE
I
NCO
COURSE II
255
UNIT
TRAINING
PERIOD
LEADER PERIOD
NCO/RO
347
Reserve Unit
training
ROTC
Junior
leaders
BASIC
TRAINING SPECIAL
PERIOD
UNIT
TRAINING
PERIOD
165 (41 %)
255 (16 %)
UNIT
TRAINING
PERIOD
TRAINING PERIOD OF THE RANKS
Legend:
NCO I=NCO course phase I
NCO II=NCO course phase II
ROTC = Reserve Officer
Course
NCO
COURCE
I
NCO
COURCE II
ROTC
LEADER PERIOD
NCO/RO
347
(43 %)
6
 FOU, Alm.del - 2015-16 - Endeligt svar på spørgsmål 321: Spm. om en redegørelse for de internationale erfaringer med anvendelse af enheder bemandet fortrinsvist og for nogles vedkommende udelukkende med reservepersonel/deltidssoldater i form af tidligere tjenstgørende personel, til forsvarsministeren
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Reserve Unit training
WAR TIME UNIT
RESERVE UNIT
RESERVE UNIT EXERCISE
RESERVE UNIT EXERCISE
Military
Service
165/255/347 days
VOLUNTARY
TRAINING
READINESS
EXERCISE
RT
VOLUNTARY
TRAINING
RT
5 - 10 days
3 - 5 years
5 - 10 days
5 - 10 years
7
 FOU, Alm.del - 2015-16 - Endeligt svar på spørgsmål 321: Spm. om en redegørelse for de internationale erfaringer med anvendelse af enheder bemandet fortrinsvist og for nogles vedkommende udelukkende med reservepersonel/deltidssoldater i form af tidligere tjenstgørende personel, til forsvarsministeren
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Refresher Training
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•
•
•
•
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Based on: The Conscription Act
Training is given in a wartime composition and as a unit.
The aim is to re-train the principal wartime units at minimum
intervals of five years.
18 000 reservists per year
Obligatory to attend, 15 % are given permission not to attend
Finnish Defence Forces' voluntary exercises, annually about 6 000
reservists undergo training.
26. syyskuuta 2016
8
 FOU, Alm.del - 2015-16 - Endeligt svar på spørgsmål 321: Spm. om en redegørelse for de internationale erfaringer med anvendelse af enheder bemandet fortrinsvist og for nogles vedkommende udelukkende med reservepersonel/deltidssoldater i form af tidligere tjenstgørende personel, til forsvarsministeren
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Key concepts of the reserve
Liable for military service
1 500 000
Reserve
Reservi
900 000
900 000
VAP
70 000
Regular soldi
8000+
3000
Consc
23 000
Auxiliary reserve
200 000
War –time
units
230 000
Reservists 9
VAP = Person who is vital to Society
tasks activities in exceptional circumstances (war time)
 FOU, Alm.del - 2015-16 - Endeligt svar på spørgsmål 321: Spm. om en redegørelse for de internationale erfaringer med anvendelse af enheder bemandet fortrinsvist og for nogles vedkommende udelukkende med reservepersonel/deltidssoldater i form af tidligere tjenstgørende personel, til forsvarsministeren
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Annually trained reservists
18 000 res
45 000
Reservists
90 000 days
Refresher exercises
10 500 res
144 000
Training days
16 500 pers
21 000 days
FDF´s voluntary
exercises and
NDTA’s military
training
Self-imposed training
X0 000 reservists,
33 000 days
Military courses of the National
Defence Training Association
 FOU, Alm.del - 2015-16 - Endeligt svar på spørgsmål 321: Spm. om en redegørelse for de internationale erfaringer med anvendelse af enheder bemandet fortrinsvist og for nogles vedkommende udelukkende med reservepersonel/deltidssoldater i form af tidligere tjenstgørende personel, til forsvarsministeren
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Approaches to readiness cycles
Extra assets:
Wartime Commander
plans and leads
- LL from international operation
- civil education / profession
- FDF´s Training Portal (ADL)
Wartime unit training in reserve
approximately between ages 20 - 35
 FOU, Alm.del - 2015-16 - Endeligt svar på spørgsmål 321: Spm. om en redegørelse for de internationale erfaringer med anvendelse af enheder bemandet fortrinsvist og for nogles vedkommende udelukkende med reservepersonel/deltidssoldater i form af tidligere tjenstgørende personel, til forsvarsministeren
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Developing the Training of Reserves
Requirements
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Government Programme
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Security and Defence
Policy 2012
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Finnish Conscription -
report 2010
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Guidance of the SUPCOM
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FDF STRATECIG PLAN
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FDF 2030
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Development programs
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FDF Reform 2012
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Battlefield and Tactics
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Composition of Troops
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Production of Troops
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Conscript training and
Women’s Voluntary Military
Service
1. Legislation
Reservists on Live-Firing Exercises
Possibility to Organize FDF’s and NDTA’s exercises somewhere else than in FDF’s areas
Definition of Military Training
“Vision 2020”
”Policy”
High Performance
Wartime Troops and
capable and competent
soldiers
- app
.
230 000
Well-functioning
Conscription
Part of the Total Security
Annually
45 000 reservists trained,
144 000 days
-
FDF’s training 18 000 pers
90 000 days
- Voluntary training 10 500 pers
21 000 days
- NDTA’s training 16 500 pers
33 000 days
2. Norms and Standards of Defence Command
Training and Exercises and Rehearsal Training
”TTP”
”Obligation”
3. Resereve Training by FDF’s
Training of Troops and Units
Training
maintains and develops the skills of the Reservists
Individuals, groups, platoons level
4. The National Defence Training Association of Finland
”Partnership”
“Voluntary”
5. Reserves and Voluntary Defence Organizations
Support to Organizations, Preserving of the Defence Will
6. Reservists own Commission
Knowledge and Skills, Physical Condition and competency on field
Voluntary Organizations
”Based on Capabilities and
Resources”
”Self-imposed Activity”
7. Learning environment and IT- services
Training and Exercise Areas, shooting fields
Ammunitions
Simulators, eLearning
Reports, manuals, tests
Indentify, Confess and make use of Competence
Quality assurance
”Foundation”
- Evaluation of troops
- Quality Standards
- Criteria for Quality
- Proof of skills of the Reservist
2012 - 2013
Planning
2014
Execution
2015
Expanding
2016
Retaining
2017
Evaluation
12
 FOU, Alm.del - 2015-16 - Endeligt svar på spørgsmål 321: Spm. om en redegørelse for de internationale erfaringer med anvendelse af enheder bemandet fortrinsvist og for nogles vedkommende udelukkende med reservepersonel/deltidssoldater i form af tidligere tjenstgørende personel, til forsvarsministeren
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Mobilization system
Personnel
Vehicles
Flexibility
Weapons and
Equipment
Refresher Training - Defence Forces
Additional Service - President
Mobilization - President and the
Goverment
Wartime unit
Refresher training needs to be ordered 3
months before
For readiness reasons no time
limits