Miljø- og Fødevareudvalget 2015-16
MOF Alm.del Bilag 33
Offentligt
Toxoplasma Gondii
Supplerende dokumentation ifm. foretræder og fremlæggelse for
Folketingsudvalg den 6/11-2014 samt 17/11-2015.
Input til udvalgsspørgsmål til Ministeren af 23/11-2015
November 2015
Bo Hembæk Svensson et al.
 MOF, Alm.del - 2015-16 - Bilag 33: Henvendelse af 15/10-15 fra Bo Hembæk Svensson, Nærum, om den fødevarebårne Toxoplasma Gondii
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Rejste spørgsmål til ministeren af 23/11 d.å
•
Der er fremsat nedenstående
udvalgsspørgsmål
til Sundhedsministeren – vores
bemærkninger hertil er med
blåt
•
Spm 112
•
Vil ministeren oplyse, hvilken vurdering Statens Serum Institut og Fødevarestyrelsen har af
Toxoplasma Gondil? Jf. SUU alm. del – bilag 8, 58 og 83 (2014-15, 2. samling).
•
•
•
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Af SSI’s hjemmeside fremgår det at TG hovedsageligt er asymptomatisk og sovende. Dette er
ukorrekt.
SSI beskriver hovedsageligt det medfødte aspekt…..WHO
advarer
om at det er alt for snævert
SSI’s anbefalinger vedr. forebyggelse handler mestendels om
fødevare hygiejne
Fødevarestyrelsen nævner
stort set ikke
TG i deres officielle kommunikation
•
Spm 113
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Vil ministeren oplyse, hvilke overvejelser WHO har om Toxoplasma Gondil?
•
WHO’s forskere beskriver TG som en
”very large global burden”
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FN’s Fødevareprogram FAO advarer og kalder parasitter
”a major public health issue”
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Amerikanske CDC har
prioriteret
indsatsen omkring TG
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Rejste spørgsmål til ministeren af 23/11 d.å
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Der er til ministeren fremsat nedenstående udvalgsspørgsmål, jf Folketingets hjemmeside – vores bemærkninger hertil er med
blåt
•
Spm 114
•
Vil ministeren oplyse, hvilken forskning der finder sted i Toxoplasma Gondil, nationalt og i
Skandinavien?
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Århus Universitet har lavet forskning og publiceret rapporter & artikler, f.eks:
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Statens Serum Institut foretager forskninig I Toxoplasma Gondii
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“Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity is
positively associated with anxiety and burnout-syndrome”
-
link
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“Toxoplasma Infection and
Later Development of Schizophrenia in Mothers”
–
link
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The
Laboratory of Parasitology,
Statens Serum Institut, serves both as a primary clinical microbiology laboratory,
specialising in the diagnosis of parasitic infections
•
Spm 115
•
Vil ministeren oplyse, om grundlaget for at stoppe screeningen for toxoplasmose hos
spædbørn fortsat er gældende, eller der er kommet nye forskningsresultater m.m. de seneste
år, som betyder, at beslutningen om at stoppe screeningen bør genovervejes?
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Det antages at kun 1 af 5.000 i DK har medfødt Toxoplasmose
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Af 1.000 fødte forventes 300 inficeret inden de er 30 år gamle og 500 inden de er 50 år gamle
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Man bliver immuniseret efter smitte
 MOF, Alm.del - 2015-16 - Bilag 33: Henvendelse af 15/10-15 fra Bo Hembæk Svensson, Nærum, om den fødevarebårne Toxoplasma Gondii
Rejste spørgsmål til ministeren af 23/11 d.å
•
Der er til ministeren fremsat nedenstående udvalgsspørgsmål, jf Folketingets hjemmeside – vores
bemærkninger hertil er med
blåt
•
Spm 116
•
Vil ministeren oplyse, hvor stort problemet med Toxoplasma Gondil er i
Danmark? Jf. SUU alm. del – bilag 8, 58 og 83 (2014-15, 2. samling).
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Ca 1,5 millioner er inficerede in Danmark
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Forskere antager at mindst 20% af alle tilfælde af Skizofreni kan tilskrives TG – i Danmark
udgør dette således ca. 4.000 personer
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Medtages de øvrige sygdomme som TG relateres til er dette det største
sundhedsmæssige problem vi står med nogensinde…men også den bedste
sundhedsmæssige nyhed i mange år
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WHO’s forskere advarer – “very large global
burden”
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The global burden of congenital toxoplasmosis: a systematic
review (WHO)
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Our estimates of the incidence and burden of CT point to a
very large global burden of toxoplasmosis.
The burden is
even greater when various conditions and problems related
to toxoplasmosis are considered. For example,
toxoplasmosis
is known to cause chorioretinitis in healthy adults
29
and
especially in people who have
immunosuppression.
30
Encephalitis due to toxoplasmosis is a
well-known complication of HIV infection.
There are also
increasing reports of neurological, psychiatric or
psychomotor disorders related to “latent” toxoplasmosis,
31–
34
and of a
higher frequency of road traffic accidents
among
seropositive individuals.
35
Even if toxoplasmosis accounts for
only a small fraction of these problems in the population,
the
global burden of disease attributable to toxoplasmosis is
considerably greater than suggested by our CT data.
In
addition, since much toxoplasmosis can be prevented, at
least in theory, by observing appropriate food hygiene,
36
the
disease deserves a higher profile in GDB studies and should
not be subsumed into other disease categories, such as
“congenital disorders”.
•
http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/91/7/12-111732/en/
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FAO og CDC advarer og beder politikere og
presse om attention
•
United Nations
(UN/FAO) issued a
warning
recently:
“But considering the problems they cause,
these parasites do
not get the attention they deserve.
We hope that by
releasing a top 10 ranking
we can increase awareness among
policy makers, the media and the general public about this
major public health issue.”
•
http://foodnewsinternational.com/tag/toxoplasma-gondii-
protozoa/
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Center for Disease Control,
USA-- Five types of parasitic
infections
have just been labeled priorities for public health
action
by U.S. health officials.
More than 60 million people (in USA) are chronically
infected with Toxoplasma gondii,
the parasite that causes
toxoplasmosis. New infections in pregnant women can cause
birth defects, and
infections in people with weakened
immune systems can be deadly.
The CDC actions to protect people from these parasitic
infections include:
increasing public and physician
awareness;
improving diagnosis methods; providing
treatment advice, including distribution of otherwise
unavailable drugs;
and analyzing data to learn more about
the infections.“
•
http://health.usnews.com/health-
news/articles/2014/05/08/cdc-targets-5-parasitic-infections
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The WHO is engaging in an ever-increasing number of cross
sectoral activities to address health threats at the human-
animal-ecosystem interface.
These threats include existing
and emerging zoonoses
as well as antimicrobial resistance,
food-borne zoonoses, and other threats to food safety.
 MOF, Alm.del - 2015-16 - Bilag 33: Henvendelse af 15/10-15 fra Bo Hembæk Svensson, Nærum, om den fødevarebårne Toxoplasma Gondii
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“Conventional wisdom” er forkert…Toxoplasma er IKKE sovende, men
aktiv i hele sin livscyklus og derfor ikke asymptomatisk
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“Toxoplasma gondii persist in tissue cysts for the
lifetime of an infected host
and can reactivate to
cause clinical disease. It was thought that in vivo
bradyzoites within tissue cysts are biologically
inactive dormant forms that rarely replicate.
Apparently, consensus was wrong.”
•
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26515047
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”This
latent infection has been assumed, until
recently, to be clinically asymptomatic;
as
indicated in the accompanying articles,
this
assumption is being reconsidered.”
•
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC25
26127/
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“Led by Anthony Sinai, professor at the UK College
of Medicine, the study has
significant implications
on the understanding of
chronic toxoplasmosis in
the brain,
a condition suggested to contribute to a
range of neurological diseases including
schizophrenia
in humans. These findings
directly
challenge the prevailing notion
of bradyzoites as
dormant nonreplicative entities in chronic
toxoplasmosis
and have implications on our
understanding of this enigmatic and clinically
important life cycle stage.”
“This
fundamentally
alters our understanding of chronic
toxoplasmosis,”
Sinai said
•
http://uknow.uky.edu/content/uk-researchers-
find-%E2%80%9Cdormant%E2%80%9D-parasite-
cysts-are-actually-quite-active
•
http://uknowledge.uky.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?ar
ticle=1066&context=microbio_facpub
“That Toxo is
asymptomatic
has been the key argument downplaying the dangers of Toxo….but also
the only
argument. It has no scientific merit and there is no trace of its origins…it has just been
assumed as common wisdom since Toxo was discovered many years ago…..one wonders why ?”
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Hovedkilde for smitte er fødevarer
•
Katteejere kan ånde lettet op, mens grill-gourmeter skal
passe på. Den katteparasit, som øger risikoen for både
skizofreni og for at begå selvmord,
smitter nemlig
hovedsageligt via kødet i vores husholdning
og ikke i så stort
omfang via afføring fra vores kæledyr.
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Det vurderer Rune Stensvold, forsker på Statens Serum
Institut og ekspert i parasitter.
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Når det gælder mennesker, så var knap 27 procent af de ca.
46.000 kvinder i en dansk undersøgelse inficerede.
Undersøgelsen viser, at de inficerede kvinder har større risiko
for at forvolde skade på sig selv og i yderste konsekvens
forsøge at tage deres eget liv.
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En tommelfingerregel lyder ifølge Rune Stensvold, at
30
procent af befolkningen på 30 år har antistoffer mod
T.
gondii,
mens det gælder 40 procent af de 40-årige og 50
procent af de 50-årige.
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PM Fears Behavior-Changing Microbe in Imported Meat
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Prime Minister Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson … has
expressed an added fear of the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii,
which causes the disease Toxoplasmosis.
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“..there is for example a protozoan that
causes people’s
behavior to change.
If people for instance eat meat abroad
that is not properly cooked, they
risk ingesting this
protozoan and it can lead to changes in behavioral patterns,
and people have even wondered if this could be changing the
behavior of whole nations
•
http://icelandreview.com/news/2014/08/15/pm-fears-
behavior-changing-microbe-imported-meat
•
http://ing.dk/artikel/pas-pa-ved-grillen-katteparasit-smitter-
gennem-din-bof-130602
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Kaldes “Global Trussel”. Forbindes ofte med Alzheimers
og Parkinson
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"Toxoplasma gondii is not only implicated
in
schizophrenia and related disorders,
but also in
Alzheimer's
or
Parkinson's
disease, cancer, cardiac myopathies,
and
autoimmune disorders.
During its life
cycle, the pathogen interacts with ~3000
host genes or proteins. Susceptibility
genes for multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's
disease, schizophrenia,
bipolar disorder,
depression, childhood obesity,
Parkinson's disease,
attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder
(multiple
sclerosis), and
autis
•
http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpat
h/2013/965046/
•
Toxoplasmosis –
A Global Threat.
Correlation of Latent Toxoplasmosis with
Specific Disease Burden in a Set of 88
Countries
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Toxoplasmosis is becoming a global
health hazard
as it infects 30–50% of the
world human population. Clinically, the
life-long presence of the parasite in
tissues of a majority of infected
individuals is usually considered
asymptomatic.
However, a number of
studies show that this ‘asymptomatic
infection’ may also lead to development
of other human pathologies.
•
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?i
d=10.1371/journal.pone.0090203
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Skandinavisk forskning viser bla. øget selvmordsrisiko blandt
kvinder
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”En mikroskopisk parasit, der sætter sig i vores
hjerner,
har sandsynligvis en del danske
selvmordsforsøg på samvittigheden.
•
Det viser et nyt stort studie, som har undersøgt
sammenhængen mellem infektioner med
parasitten
Toxoplasma gondii
og selvmordsforsøg
blandt over 45.000 danske kvinder.
Risikoen for, at
de inficerede kvinder ville forsøge at begå
selvmord var øget med 50 procent.
•
Undersøgelsen viser også, at
26 procent af
kvinderne var inficerede
– og formodentlig er
tallet lige så stort blandt mænd”
•
http://videnskab.dk/krop-sundhed/kattelort-
parasit-koblet-til-danske-selvmordsforsog
•
http://archpsyc.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?arti
cleid=1206779
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“Toxoplasmosis is a common "cat parasite", and
has previously been in the spotlight owing to its
observed effect on risk-taking and other human
behaviours.
To some extent, it has also been
associated with mental illness.
A study led by
researchers from Karolinska Institutet now
demonstrates for the first time how the parasite
enters the brain to influence its host.”
•
http://www.uu.se/en/news/news-
document/?id=2213&typ=artikel&area=2&lang=en
•
En gruppe kinesiske forskere, tog derfor en række
mennesker og testede dem for toxoplasmose. De
havde 600 med skizofreni, 600 med affektiv lidelse
og 400 i en kontrolgruppe.
Resultaterne var klare.
De psykiatriske patienter havde lang flere og
meget kraftigere antistoffer mod toxoplasmose.
•
http://www.netpsych.dk/nyhedsbrev/Archive.aspx
?mode=show&id=90
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Skizofreni, OCD, bipolar ADHD mv.
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“By finding out how important a factor T. gondii infection is, this work
might inform our attitude to researching the subject,” Smith
said.
“Instead of ridiculing the idea of a connection between
T. gondii and schizophrenia because it seems so extraordinary, we
can sit down and consider the evidence…”
Using a standard epidemiological modeling format, but taking into
account all of the age-related changes in the relevant factors,
Smith
found the average PAF during an average lifetime to be 21.4 percent.
“In other words, we ask, if you could stop infections with this parasite,
how many cases could you prevent?” Smith said.
“Over a lifetime, we
found that you could prevent one-fifth of all cases. That, to me, is
significant.”
http://www.upenn.edu/pennnews/news/epidemiological-study-penn-
vet-professor-investigates-parasite-schizophrenia-connection
Conclusions: Our results
supported the longstanding hypothesis of
correlation between T. gondii infection and schizophrenia.
We also
considered this infection as a possible etiological factor in the
development of schizophrenia.
http://scimetr.com/?page=article&article_id=15386
Toxoplasma's links to schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and increased
risk taking
A number of studies published in recent years have suggested that
toxoplasma infection increases the chances of someone developing
serious psychological disturbances, such as schizophrenia and bipolar
disorder.
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/toxoplasmas-links-to-
schizophrenia-bipolar-disorder-and-increased-risk-taking-
8102706.html
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
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Our results demonstrated that mice from Toxoplasma infection and
MK-801 administration (as the model of schizophrenia) were impaired
in learning and memory capability, and they had more serious
depression and stereotypy compared with the control mice, especially
the mice from congenital Toxoplasma infection…Collectively,
these
results suggested a potential association between Toxoplasma
infection and schizophrenia.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23999146
Opsigtsvækkende studie: Katteparasitten
T. gondii kan give skizofreni
og OCD
•
•
•
•
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Forskere har fundet en sammenhæng mellem en parasit kaldet T.
gondii og udviklingen af
skizofreni, maniodepressiv sindslidelse,
afhængighed og tvangstanker.
Hver fjerde dansker er allerede
inficeret.
Det hollandske studie er dermed det største af sin slags og det mest
omfattende nogensinde.
»Specielt
i forhold til skizofreni så vi en klar sammenhæng, hvor
smittede med Toxoplasma gondii havde dobbelt så høj risiko for at
udvikle lidelsen som smittefrie personer..”
http://videnskab.dk/krop-sundhed/opsigtsvaekkende-studie-
katteparasitten-t-gondii-kan-give-skizofreni-og-ocd
http://politiken.dk/forbrugogliv/sundhedogmotion/sygdom/ECE27155
90/katteparasit-kan-give-mennesker-skizofreni/#loggedin
A study of 199 patients with
bipolar disorder
reported an increased
prevalence compared to controls
http://www.stanleyresearch.org/patient-and-provider-
resources/toxoplasmosis-schizophrenia-research/toxoplasmosis-and-
other-diseases/
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•
•
•
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Cancer og autoimmune sygdomme, f.eks Diabetes
•
•
Katteparasit
øger risikoen for kræft i hjernen
En international undersøgelse viser,
at risikoen for at udvikle kræft i
hjernen stiger med 80 procent,
hvis man er inficeret med en udbredt
parasit fra katte. Den fjerdedel af danskerne, der er inficeret med
katteparasitten Toxoplasma gondii, på dansk kaldet haresyge, har
højere risiko for at få kræft i hjernen.
Det viser en undersøgelse udført af franske og amerikanske forskere.
De konkluderer, at på tværs af de 37 lande, som de har undersøgt, er
ondartet hjernekræft 80 procent mere udbredt blandt folk, der er
inficeret med parasitten, end blandt resten af befolkningen.
•
•
•
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Mind-Controlling Parasite May Increase Brain Cancer Risk
Mind-altering parasites already linked to neurosis and schizophrenia
might also be linked to brain cancer, scientists now find.
http://www.livescience.com/15241-mind-controlling-parasite-
increase-brain-cancer-risk.html
T. Gondii forbindes også med Diabetes I og andre autoimmune
sygdomme
•
•
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3918195/
http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2013/965046/
•
•
'Vores resultater er tilstrækkeligt stærke til at slå til lyd for, at
Toxoplasma gondii potentielt øger risikoen for hjernekræft',
konkluderer forskerne i en artikel i det videnskabelige tidsskrift Biology
Letters.
http://ing.dk/artikel/katteparasit-oger-risikoen-kraeft-i-hjernen-
131304
•
•
Der er dokumenteret mange pathways mellem TG og Diabetes, der er
dertfor grund til at antage at TG er kausal for et antal tilfælde af
Diabetes I,
men også Diabetes II og overdreven fedme
•
We realized that many of these pathways were also in play in various
neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and even
schizophrenia. Some may contribute to atherosclerosis or diabetes.
When this powerful immune response remains on the job it can have
effects that might be harmful.
http://sciencelife.uchospitals.edu/2014/07/22/what-does-it-mean-
when-2-billion-people-share-their-brain-with-a-parasite/
•
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Antages at kunne påvirke hele samfundet…og reducere
indlæringsevnen hos børn
•
Can the common brain parasite,
Toxoplasma gondii,
influence human
culture?
•
What Does It Mean When 2 Billion People Share Their Brain With
A Parasite?
•
•
•
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1635495/
Toxoplasma – the brain parasite that influences human culture.
Carriers tend to show
long-term personality changes that are small
but statistically significant.
Women tend to be more intelligent,
affectionate, social and more likely to stick to rules. Men on the other
hand tend to be less intelligent, but are more loyal, frugal and mild-
tempered.
The one trait that carriers of both genders share is a higher
level of neuroticism – they are more prone to guilt, self-doubt and
insecurity.
http://phenomena.nationalgeographic.com/2008/10/05/toxoplasma-
the-brain-parasite-that-influences-human-culture/
Researchers from the University of Iowa and Florida International
University have conducted a study examining how the Toxoplasma
gondii affects test scores in school children aged 12 to 16 years old.
The test scores included math, reading, visuospatial reasoning and
verbal memory.
Children who tested positive for the parasite were associated with
lower reading scores.
http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?aid=9841724&fi
leId=S0031182015000505
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More effective medicines or a vaccine could protect against the
devastating diseases this parasite causes. This recent work raises the
possibility that better treatments, by quickly controlling or eliminating
infection, may also reduce the age-related illnesses we speculate
may associate with toxoplasma for some people.
http://sciencelife.uchospitals.edu/2014/07/22/what-does-it-mean-
when-2-billion-people-share-their-brain-with-a-parasite/
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•
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Islands statsminister advarer :
“..there is for example a protozoan that
causes people’s behavior to
change.
If people for instance eat meat abroad that is not properly
cooked, they risk ingesting this protozoan and it can lead to changes in
behavioral patterns,
and people have even wondered if this could be
changing the behavior of whole nations
http://icelandreview.com/news/2014/08/15/pm-fears-behavior-
changing-microbe-imported-meat
•
•
•
•
•
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Uddrag af linksamling fra omtale i Danske
Medier
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http://videnskab.dk/krop-sundhed/kattelort-
parasit-koblet-til-danske-selvmordsforsog
•
https://www.180grader.dk/Videnskab/ny-
forskning-aendrer-forstelse-af-toxoplasma-this-
fundamentally-alters-our-understanding
•
http://www.information.dk/307931
•
http://www.dr.dk/sundhed/Forskning/2012/07050
95611.htm
•
http://ing.dk/artikel/katteparasit-oger-risikoen-
kraeft-i-hjernen-131304
•
http://www.dr.dk/arkivP1/Videnskabensverden/Ud
sendelser/2013/04/parasitten-med-den-store-
paavirkning-paa-mennesker.htm
•
http://www.madforlivet.com/viden-og-
forskning/din-kat-kan-goere-dig-syg/
•
http://ing.dk/artikel/hjernevasker-parasitter-mus-
og-maend-113671
•
http://natgeo.dk/dyr/jaroslav-flegr
•
http://politiken.dk/forbrugogliv/sundhedogmotion
/sygdom/ECE2715590/katteparasit-kan-give-
mennesker-skizofreni/
•
http://ekstrabladet.dk/nyheder/videnskab_og_tek
nik/katteparasit-kan-give-skizofreni-og-ocd-hver-
fjerde-er-allerede-smittet/5608071
•
http://www.mx.dk/viden/videnskab/story/112091
92
•
http://videnskab.dk/krop-
sundhed/opsigtsvaekkende-studie-katteparasitten-
t-gondii-kan-give-skizofreni-og-ocd