Energi-, Forsynings- og Klimaudvalget 2014-15 (2. samling)
EFK Alm.del
Offentligt
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Case Id: ff6257dc-2b6e-4888-ae52-636f7ab9d352
Questionnaire on the application of Commission
Recommendation 2014/70/EU on minimum principles for the exploration
and
production of hydrocarbons (such as shale gas) using high-volume
hydraulic
fracturing
Fields marked with * are mandatory.
Respondents are invited to read the
introductory note
on the right side of the screen before
responding to this questionnaire.
Please indicate in capital letters on
behalf of which Member State you are responding:
*
DENMARK
Recital
10, Points 1.1, 16.1 and 16.4. Did you grant or do you plan to grant
authorisations for the exploration or production of hydrocarbons that may
require the use of high-volume hydraulic fracturing (in onshore and/or
offshore operations) ?
*
Yes
Possibly
No
If you
replied "Yes", please provide further information on authorisations granted
or to be granted and distinguish between onshore and offshore operations,
where relevant:
*
Onshore: Two Licences for exploration and production of Hydrocarbons, w
here the exploration target is shale gas, were granted in 2010.
Offshore: An assessment has been initiated to decide if and in that cas
e how the recommendation should be implemented / handled offshore.
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This questionnaire will be answered concerning onshore activities where
there will be used high-volume hydraulic fracturing and where there cur
rently is limited experience with exploration and not yet established p
roduction from such exploration/production-targets in Europe. Potential
answers concerning offshore activities will await the above mentioned a
ssessment.
3. Strategic planning and environmental impact assessment
Point 3.1 Is a strategic environmental
assessment on the basis of the requirements of Directive 2001/42/EC carried out
before granting licenses for exploration and/or production of hydrocarbons which
may lead to the use of high-volume hydraulic fracturing?
*
Yes
Partially
No
Further
information/comments:
The two licences were granted after an Open Door Procedure. The Open Do
or procedure was introduced in 1997 for the non-licenced
area east of
6° 15' eastern longitude, i.e. all onshore areas as well as the offshor
e area except the westernmost part of the North Sea. This plan was intr
oduced before the Strategic Environmental Assessment – SEA Directive we
nt into force in 2001 and therefore an SEA was not carried out for this
area.
Point 3.2
Are there rules on restrictions of activities
Yes
in protected areas?
in flood-prone areas?
in seismic-prone areas?
in residential areas?
in water protection areas?
in other areas?
Partially
No
Further
comments/information
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Answered partially as restrictions can (and possibly will) be applied c
onsequently of the approval/permit from authorities. When approving act
ivities e.g. wells or seismic surveys a concrete assessment of the acti
vities impact on the area will be conducted in accordance with the EIA
Directive 2011/92/EU , the Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC and the
ive 2009/147/EC on the conservation of wild birds.
Direct
Point
3.2 Are minimimum depth limitations between the area to be fractured and
groundwater established?
*
Yes
Partially
No
Further
comments/information
It will depend on a concrete assessment based on the geology, area, kin
d of activity etc.
Points 1 and 3.3 Is an environmental impact
assessment carried out on the basis of the requirements of Directive 2011/92/EU
prior to carrying out exploration and production of hydrocarbons using
high-volume hydraulic fracturing?
*
Yes
Partially
No
Further
comments/information
An EIA was conducted for the exploration well that is planned to be car
ried out in one of the two licences where the exploration target is sha
le gas. A baseline is included in the EIA.
Point 3.4
Does the public concerned have early and effective opportunities to
participate in the strategic environmental assessment and the environmental
impact assessment processes?
*
Yes
Partially
No
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Further
comments/information
Cf. the answer in 3.1, an SEA was not conducted. The public was consult
ed in the EIA procedure in line with the requirements of Directive 201
1/92/EU. The EIA procedure under the EIA Directive does not involve man
datory scoping, but the EIA procedure concerning the Danish Planning Ac
t before 2014 did, since there had to be undertaken a call for suggesti
ons and proposals (scoping) in connection with the municipal plan suppl
ement. Therefore the public was involved at an earlier stage with regar
d to the planned exploration well where the exploration target is shale
gas than in the general consultation on the EIA report.
4. Exploration and production permits
Point 4. Are the conditions and
procedures for obtaining permits in accordance with applicable Union legislation
fully coordinated if
Yes
more than one competent authority is responsible for the permit
(s) needed?
more than one operator is involved?
more than one permit is needed for a specific project phase?
more than one permit is needed under national or Union
legislation?
Partially
No
Further information/comments:
Answered partially because:
Currently there is only one operator involved in the two licences grant
ed onshore where there is a possibility that high-volume hydraulic frac
turing may be used and where there currently is limited experience with
exploration and where production from such exploration/production-targe
ts has not yet been established in Europe.
If in the future further licences will be granted that involves more th
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an one operator, conditions and procedures for obtaining permits in acc
ordance with applicable Union legislation will be fully coordinated.
5. Selection of the exploration and production site
Point 5.1. Are necessary measures
in place to ensure that the geological formation of a site is suitable for the
exploration or production of hydrocarbons using high-volume hydraulic
fracturing?
*
Yes
Partially
No
Further
comments/information:
Point 5.1 is ensured through the approval/permit system in place.
Point
5.1 Are measures in place to ensure that operators carry out a characterisation
and risk assessment of the following areas:
Yes
any potential site and surrounding surface area?
underground area?
Partially
No
Further
comments/information
Point 5.1 is ensured through the approval/permit system in place.
Point 5.2
Are sufficient data collected regarding the site and surrounding surface and
underground area to identify all potential exposure pathways  and to
assess the risk of leakage or migration of drilling fluids, hydraulic fracturing
fluids, naturally occurring material, hydrocarbons and gases from the well or
target formation as well as the risk of induced seismicity?
*
Yes
Partially
No
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Further
comments/information
Point 5.2 is ensured through the approval/permit system in place and is
a part of the EIA-process.
Point
5.3 As far as the risk assessment is concerned,
Yes
is it based on best available techniques ?
(Note: best available
techniques are to be understood as best techniques that are
available at local, national and/or international level, when no
Best Available Techniques are available at EU level. A Best
Available Techniques Reference Document (BREF) on
hydrocarbon exploration and extraction is currently under
development at EU level. The existing BREF on the
management of extractive waste is under review and will
encompass waste resulting from hydrocarbon exploration and
extraction).
does it anticipate the changing behaviour of the target formation,
geological layers separating the reservoir from groundwater and
existing wells or other manmade structures exposed to the high
injection pressures used in high-volume hydraulic fracturing and
the volumes of fluids injected ?
does it respect a minimum vertical separation distance between
the zone to be fractured and groundwater ?
is it updated during operations whenever new data are
collected ?
Partially
No
Further
information/comments:
Point 1 - The risk assessment will be based on the best available techn
ique that follows standard industry practice.
Point
2 – Is a part of the EIA-process and risk-assessment.
Point 3 - There is no fixed minimum vertical separation distance to gro
undwater – nor horisontal – due to versatility of geology, aquifers and
interaction between the two. Any approval is based on specific ground c
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onditions, as opposed to generalized rules or guidelines.
Point 4 - All risk assessment is dynamic and is required to be updated
to reflect all anticipated and known risks at any time.
Point 5.4
Are measures in place to ensure that no site is selected if the risk
assessment concludes that high-volume hydraulic fracturing will
Yes
result in a direct discharge of pollutants into groundwater?
cause damage to other activities around the installation?
Partially
No
Further information/comments:
A part of the EIA-proces.
6. Baseline study
Point 6.1 Before high-volume hydraulic fracturing
operations start, does the operator determine the environmental status
(baseline) of the installation site and its surrounding surface and
underground area potentially affected by the activities and describe
it appropriately?
*
Yes
Partially
No
Further
comments/information
Directive 2011/92/EU is transposed into Danish Legislation.
Point
6.1. Is the baseline reported to the competent authority before high-volume
hydraulic fracturing operations begin?
*
Yes
Partially
No
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Further
comments/information
Directive 2011/92/EU is transposed into Danish Legislation.
Point 6.2
Before high-volume hydraulic fracturing operations start, is the baseline
determined for the following elements (both at the site and in the surrounding
surface and underground area potentially affected by the activities):
Yes
quality and flow characteristics of surface water?
quality and flow characteristics of ground water?
water quality at drinking water abstraction points?
air quality?
soil condition?
presence of methane and other volatile organic compounds in
water?
seismicity?
land use?
biodiversity?
status of infrastructure and buildings?
existing wells and abandoned structures?
Partially
No
Further
information/comments:
Status of infrastructure, building, existing wells and abandoned struct
ures will depend on the area of influence and definition hereof, hence
answered partially. For the site of operation the answer is Yes.
7. Installation design and construction
Point 7. Are measures in place to ensure that
the installation is constructed in a way that prevents possible surface leaks
and spills to soil, water or air?
*
Yes
Partially
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No
Further
comments/information
Through approval/permit system in place.
8. Infrastructure of a production area
Point 8. Are measures in place to ensure
that 
Yes
operators or groups of operators apply an integrated approach
to the development of a production area with the objective of
preventing and reducing environmental and health impacts and
risks?
adequate infrastructure requirements for servicing the
installation are established before production begins ?
where an installation's primary purpose is producing oil using
high-volume hydraulic fracturing, specific infrastructure is
installed that captures and transports associated natural gas ?
Partially
No
Further
comments/information
Directive 2011/92/EU is transposed into Danish Legislation.
9. Operational requirements
Point 9.1 Are measures in place to ensure that
operators use best available techniques and good industry practice to prevent,
manage and reduce impacts and risks ?(Note:
best available techniques are to
be understood as best techniques that are available at local, national
and/or international level, when no Best Available Techniques are available at
EU level. A Best Available Techniques Reference Document (BREF) on hydrocarbon
exploration and extraction is currently under development at EU level.
The existing BREF on the management of extractive waste is under review and
will encompass waste resulting from hydrocarbon exploration and
extraction)
*
Yes
Partially
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No
Further
comments/information
Through approval/permit system in place.
Point
9.2 Are measures in place to ensure that operators
Yes
develop a project-specific water management plan to ensure an
efficient use of water?
take into account seasonal variations in water availability in such
project-specific water management plan and avoid using water
resources that are under stress?
ensure the traceability of water flows?
develop transport management plans?
capture gases for subsequent use?
minimise flaring?
avoid venting?
limit venting of methane and other air pollutants to the most
exceptional operational circumstances for safety reasons?
carry out the high-volume fracturing process in a controlled
manner and with appropriate pressure management with the
objective of containing fractures within the reservoir and
avoiding induced seismicity?
ensure well integrity through well design, construction and
integrity tests that are reviewed by an independent and qualified
third party?
develop risk management plans?
take measures necessary to prevent and/or mitigate the impacts
and the measures necessary for response?
stop operations and urgently take any necessary remedial action
if there is a loss of well integrity?
stop operations and urgently take any necessary remedial action
if pollutants are accidentally discharged into groundwater?
Partially
No
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immediately report to the competent authority in the event of
any incident or accident affecting public health or the
environment? (including specification of the causes,
consequences and remedial steps taken, using the baseline
study as a reference)
Further
information/comments:
Measures are put into place in connection with the approval system (wel
l approval, development approval, EIA-process).
Answered Partially in 1-5 because:
As part of a possible high-volume hydraulic fracturing phase it will be
reviewed whether there is a need for further administrative and/or lega
l measures.
Point 9.3
Do you promote the responsible use of water resources in high-volume
hydraulic fracturing?
*
Yes
Partially
No
Further
comments/information
Directive 2011/92/EU is transposed into Danish Legislation.
10. Use of chemical substances and water in high-volume hydraulic fracturing
Point 10.1 Are measures in place
to ensure that
Yes
manufacturers, importers and downstream users refer to
"hydraulic fracturing" when complying with their obligations
under REACH Regulation (EC) n°1907/2006 ?
(Note: The
European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) is currently preparing an
update of its database ("use descriptor system") which will
Partially
No
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allow searching for chemical substances registered under
REACH and used for hydraulic fracturing purposes. Changes
in the ECHA database and associated guidance should be
made in 2015/2016, subject to a stakeholders' consultation
process.)
the use of chemical substances in high-volume hydraulic
fracturing is minimised?
the ability to treat fluids that emerge at the surface after high-
volume hydraulic fracturing is considered during the selection
of the chemical substances used in fracturing ?
Further
information/comments:
Point 1. Is regulated on under REACH Regulation (EC) n°1907/2006.
Points 2. and 3. As part of a possible high-volume hydraulic fracturing
phase it will be reviewed whether there is a need for further administr
ative and/or legal measures.
Point 10.2
Do you encourage operators to use fracturing techniques that
Yes
minimise water consumption,
minimise waste streams,
and do not use hazardous chemical substances, wherever
technically feasible and sound from a human health,
environment and climate perspective?
Partially
No
Further information/comments:
In connection with the well approval, approval of development and EIA-p
roces.
11. Monitoring requirements
Points 11.1 and 11.2 Are measures in place to
ensure that operators regularly monitor the installation and the surrounding
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surface and underground area potentially affected by the operations using the
baseline study as reference?
*
Yes
Partially
No
Further
information/comments:
-
Point
11.1. Is such monitoring conducted
Yes
during the exploration phase?
during the production phase?
Partially
No
Further
information/comments:
A part of the well approval, approval of development and EIA-process an
d follows general industry practice.
Point 11.1 In particular, is such monitoring
conducted
Yes
before high-volume hydraulic fracturing ?
during high-volume hydraulic fracturing?
after high-volume hydraulic fracturing?
Partially
No
Further
information/comments:
-
Point 11.3 Are measures in place to ensure that
the operator monitors
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Yes
the precise composition of the fracturing fluid used for each
well?
the volume of water used for the fracturing of each well?
the pressure applied during high-volume fracturing?
the return rate of fluids that emerge at the surface following
high-volume hydraulic fracturing?
the volumes of fluids that emerge at the surface following
high-volume hydraulic fracturing?
the characteristics of fluids that emerge at the surface
following high-volume hydraulic fracturing?
the quantities reused for each well?
the quantities treated for each well?
air emissions of methane, other volatile organic compounds
and other gases that are likely to have harmful effects on
human health and/or the environment?
Partially
No
Further
comments/information:
A part of the well approval, approval of development and EIA-process. M
onitoring follows the general industry practice.
Point 11.4 Are measures in place to ensure that
the operator monitors the impact of high-volume hydraulic fracturing on the
integrity of wells and other man-made structures located in the
surrounding surface and underground area potentially affected by the
operations?
*
Yes
Partially
No
Further
comments/information
The concept of man-made structures is a very wide definition. Denmark e
xpects to follow an evaluative approach to which man-made structures se
em reasonable to monitor.
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Point 11.5
Are measures in place to ensure that the operator reports the monitoring
results to the competent authorities?
*
Yes
Partially
No
Further
comments/information
The information is reported to the competent authority, e.g. in the fin
al well report.
12. Environmental liability and financial guarantee
Point 12.1 Are measures in place to
ensure that the provisions on environmental liability are applied to all
activities taking place at an installation site including those that currently
do not fall under the scope of Directive 2004/35/EC?
*
Yes
Partially
No
Further
comments/information
In accordance with section 35a of the license, the licensee shall be li
able to pay damages for any loss, damage or injury caused by the activi
ties carried on under the licence, even though such loss, damage or inj
ury was caused accidentally.
Directive 2004/35/EC is transposed into Danish legislation, but does no
t currently cover the Subsoil Act. An assessment will be conducted to c
larify this. National law requires companies to present a parent compan
y guarantee or bank guarantee.
Point
12.2 Prior to the start of operations involving high-volume hydraulic
fracturing, does the operator provide a financial guarantee or equivalent
covering
Yes
Partially
No
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the permit provisions ?
potential liabilities for environmental
damage ?
Further
comments/information
Operations involving high-volume hydraulic fracturing are carried out w
ithin granted licenses. Licenses are only awarded if the licensees pres
ent required insurance and financial capacity for the agreed work to be
carried out within the license.
13. Administrative capacity
Point 13.1 Do competent authorities
have adequate human, technical and financial resources to carry out their duties
related to exploration and production of hydrocarbons using high volume
hydraulic fracturing?
*
Yes
Partially
No
Further
comments/information
To be evaluated in case of commercial production. A production phase re
quires further human, technical and financial resources in the state ad
ministration.
Point 13.2 Are measures in place to prevent
conflicts of interest between the regulatory function of competent authorities
and their function relating to the economic development of the resources?
*
Yes
Partially
No
Further
comments/information
To be evaluated in case of commercial production.
14. Closure obligations
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Point 14. Is a closure survey carried out after each
installation's closure to compare the environmental status of the
installation site and its surrounding surface and underground area potentially
affected by the activities with the status prior to the start of operations, as
defined in the baseline study?
*
Yes
Partially
No
Further
comments/information
Environmental status of the installation is an ongoing commitment and o
bligation. Any closure survey will focus on best attainable environment
at point in time and might not be an exact measure against the status p
rior to operation, as this status could be affected by other factors as
well.
15. Dissemination of information
Point 15. a) Are measures in place to ensure that the
operator publicly disseminates information on the chemical substances and
volumes of water that are intended to be used and are finally used for the
high-volume hydraulic fracturing of each well?
*
Yes
Partially
No
Further
comments/information
The only shale gas operator in Denmark has proposed to publish this inf
ormation regarding chemical substances used in the exploration well pla
nned in Denmark. All operators in Denmark have to submit drilling progr
ams including use of chemicals for government approval, as well as repo
rting used substances when a well has been finalized.
Point 15. a) Does this information list the names and
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) numbers of all substances and include a safety
data sheet, if available, and the substances' maximum concentration in the
fracturing fluid?
*
Yes
Partially
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No
Further
comments/information
The Operator in the licence where a shale gas well is planned has infor
med the Government administration that they intend to publish which che
micals that will be used. Information about which chemicals will be use
d is also incluced in an EIA report.
Point
15.b) Is the following information made available by competent authorities on a
publicly accessible internet site
Yes
the number of wells completed and planned projects involving
high-volume hydraulic fracturing?
the number of permits granted?
the names of operators involved?
the permit conditions?
the baseline study?
monitoring results?
Partially
No
Further
information/comments:
Homepage:
http://www.ens.dk/en/node/4216
Point 15.c) Is the public informed by competent
authorities without undue delay of:
Yes
incidents and accidents?
results of inspections?
non-compliance?
sanctions?
Partially
No
Further
information/comments
http://ec.europa.eu/eusurvey/printcontribution?code=ff6257dc-2b6e-4888-ae52-636f7... 18-12-2014
 EFK, Alm.del - 2014-15 (2. samling) - Endeligt svar på spørgsmål 44: Spm. om Danmarks svar på Kommissionens henvendelse, til energi-, forsynings- og klimaministeren
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EUSurvey - Survey
Side 19 af 19
There are requirements concerning publications of inspection reports an
d to conduct inspection when significant environmental accidents have t
aken place. The inspection reports must be published at the latest 4 mo
nths after the inspection of the site.
Any other
comments
(E.g. further measure taken at local, regional or national level to
prevent or manage and mitigate health and environmental risks and impacts of the
exploration and production of hydrocarbons not addressed in the
Recommendation)
-
You may
upload relevant documents here:
Thank you for your contribution !
Useful links
DG ENV webpage on unconventional fossil fuels
(http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/energy/unconventional_en.htm)
Background Documents
Introductory note (/eusurvey/files/22fce4b3-b129-4dda-a89f-c3771f115261)
Contact
[email protected]
http://ec.europa.eu/eusurvey/printcontribution?code=ff6257dc-2b6e-4888-ae52-636f7... 18-12-2014