Udenrigsudvalget 2014-15 (1. samling)
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UNICEF
Humanitarian Action
for Children
2015
Overview
unite for children
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Some of these humanitarian crises have dominated headlines
and television news – and none more than the Ebola epidemic.
The biggest outbreak in history of the deadly disease claimed
thousands of lives in 2014 and continues to stalk the affected
countries.
Other humanitarian situations – especially chronic crises – have
been hidden from view. But they are no less a tragedy for the
children trying to survive them.
In 2015, the conflict in Syria enters its fifth brutal year with
no end in sight. More than 5.6 million children inside Syria
are in need of support – with an additional 1.7 million children
who have fled Syria to neighbouring countries. Children
have endured so many years of violence, deprivation and
displacement that it has begun to be their ‘new normal,’ with
tremendous implications for the future of their region.
In the Central African Republic, children have been killed,
maimed, and terrorized by brutal intercommunal violence – and
even forced to take part in it. An estimated 10,000 children
were recruited by armed groups over the past two years.
Similarly, in South Sudan, as many as 12,000 children may have
been recruited by armed forces and groups in the ongoing civil
war – a conflict that also has triggered a nutrition crisis, with
at least 235,000 children under age five in 2014 suffering from
severe acute malnutrition.
In Ukraine, in Iraq and in Gaza, violent conflicts and
indiscriminate attacks have endangered the lives and futures
of far too many children and undermined the fabric of their
societies. And prolonged crises in countries like the Democratic
Republic of Congo, Somalia, Sudan, Myanmar and Afghanistan
continue to affect children most, though they receive the least
attention.
In every case, whether front page news or out of sight, in both
emerging and chronic crises, UNICEF has responded, together
with our partners – in 2014, to hundreds of emergencies
around the world. This report highlights some of that vital work
– and the results for children our joint efforts have achieved.
And it sets out the support UNICEF will need in the coming
year to continue delivering results.
In a world where emergencies seem to be ever increasing,
this year’s Humanitarian Action for Children also underscores
the increasing interdependence of our humanitarian and
development work.
For when we respond to an emergency, or provide health
care, nutrition or protection in the midst of a conflict or natural
disaster, we are also contributing to a nation’s long-term
strength. And in development contexts, when we work to
provide reliable sources of clean water or proper sanitation
facilities, or strengthen health systems, we are also helping
that community to better withstand future crises.
For example, in the wake of Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines,
UNICEF and our partners supported safer designs for schools
that can withstand floods and better pipes to protect water
systems in case of a future disaster. UNICEF’s multi-hazard
risk assessments in disaster-prone Nepal are proving the case
for increased local investment in disaster and climate-change
related measures to reduce future risk.
The Ebola outbreak reveals both the urgent necessity and the
far-reaching potential of such an integrated approach. In Guinea,
Liberia, and Sierra Leone, we are helping establish Ebola
Community Care Centres, training community health workers,
and stepping up efforts to raise public awareness and reduce
transmission. These efforts will not only help end the Ebola
outbreak; they will help strengthen local health systems, so
critical to saving and improving the lives of vulnerable children.
Just as important, we are providing protection, education, and
support services to the many children affected by the outbreak.
We have taken the same approach to the long crisis in Syria –
working to prevent the loss of an entire generation by providing
children with the learning and support they need to overcome
the deprivation and trauma they have suffered – and in doing
so, build hope for the future.
The Convention on the Rights of the Child does not envision
a world in which humanitarian crises never occur. But the
Convention does aspire to a world in which all children,
especially those most vulnerable, can realize their rights and
fulfil their potential – to the benefit of their individual futures,
and the future we all share. Helping build that better world for
every child is at the core of UNICEF’s mandate.
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC, 2014
In January 2014, UNICEF Executive Director Anthony Lake
visits a UNICEF child-friendly space in Bossangoa, the capital of
Ouham Prefecture, Central African Republic, as part of his
four-day visit to the country.
Executive Director’s
Foreword
Humanitarian Action for Children 2015
The year 2014 was one of sharp contrasts for the world’s
children – posing new challenges for UNICEF’s work to improve
their lives and emphasizing the critical necessity of investing in
their resilience, before, during, and after emergencies.
In November, we marked the 25th anniversary of the
Convention on the Rights of the Child and the remarkable
progress that has been made for children over the last quarter
century. There is much to celebrate: A child born today has a far
better chance than a child born in 1989 to survive and thrive, to
learn and grow, to participate and contribute to society.
But for millions of children, the promise of the Convention has
not been fulfilled: their rights brutally violated; their hopes and
dreams for a better life destroyed. Nowhere is this harsh reality
more starkly and sadly apparent than in the lives of children
caught up in humanitarian crises.
In 2014 in countries around the world, violent conflicts
imperiled millions of children and families. Children were
bombed in their beds and in their schools; kidnapped, tortured,
and recruited for battle. Natural and man-made disasters
endangered millions more. And chronic humanitarian crises
subjected yet more children to profound deprivation and
despair.
© UNICEF/NYHQ2014-0070/FLYNN
Anthony Lake
UNICEF Executive Director
1
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Humanitarian Action for Children 2015 –
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Funding required in 2015
This map is stylized and not to scale.
It does not reflect a position by UNICEF
on the legal status of any country or
area or the delimitation of any frontiers.
The dotted line represents
approximately the Line of Control
agreed upon by India and Pakistan. The
final status of Jammu and Kashmir has
not yet been agreed upon by the
Parties. The final boundary between
Sudan and South Sudan has not yet
been determined.
Planned results in 2015
The information below summarizes the global requirements for UNICEF humanitarian
programmes, the total number of people and children to be reached, and the planned
results in
Humanitarian Action for Children.
UNICEF and partners will
work toward the following
results in 2015:
2.7 million
children
to
be treated for
severe acute
malnutrition
GRAND TOTAL:
US$3.1
billion
Middle East and North Africa Region
US$
6,245,000
32,450,000
38,695,000
Regional Office*
Djibouti
Iraq – Internally Displaced Persons (IDP)
Response
State of Palestine
Sudan
US$
5,000,000
4,450,000
319,512,617
37,300,307
116,921,577
279,206,640
624,266,522
60,100,000
1,446,757,663
US$
55,456,780
50,909,000
106,365,780
US$
50,062,000
73,900,000
40,200,000
C
NI
©U
NUTRITION
Electronic users can click on
each name to go to that
office's online content.
Central and Eastern Europe and the
Commonwealth of Independent States
Regional Office*
Ukraine
Total
countries
1
to
be assisted
HEALTH
71
13.6 million
children
to be
immunized
against
measles
98 million people,
including
62 million
children
to be
assisted in 2015
Figure 1. Percentage
2
of total requirements per sector
34.3 million
people
to have access
to safe water
for drinking,
WATER,
cooking and
SANITATION
AND HYGIENE
personal
hygiene
(WASH):
East Asia and Pacific Region
Regional Office*
Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
Myanmar
Philippines
Total
US$
3,594,000
18,000,000
24,905,000
11,000,000
57,499,000
Syria
Syria refugees (Egypt, Iraq, Jordan,
Lebanon and Turkey)
Yemen
Total
South Asia Region
Regional Office*
Afghanistan
Total
West and Central Africa Region
Regional Office*
Central African Republic
Cameroon
Chad
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Ebola (Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone)
Mali
Niger
Nigeria
Total
Global support
Grand total
CLUSTER COORDINATION
2%
NON-FOOD ITEMS
CASH TRANSFERS /
SOCIAL PROTECTION
PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE
3
5%
2%
COUNTRIES IN REGIONAL CHAPTERS
4%
NUTRITION
2.3 million
children
to have
access to
psychosocial
CHILD
support
PROTECTION
2%
2%
14%
Eastern and Southern Africa Region
Regional Office*
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Kenya
Malawi
Somalia
South Sudan
Uganda
Total
US$
12,945,000
13,500,000
36,200,000
25,000,000
10,510,441
111,705,413
165,627,613
36,111,839
411,600,306
SOCIAL MOBILIZATION / C4D
4
CHILD PROTECTION
9%
EDUCATION
HEALTH
18%
4.9 million
children
to have
access to
improved
formal and
non-formal
education
63,100,000
132,000,000
507,439,942
37,500,000
42,500,000
26,510,000
973,211,942
40,635,740
3,107,965,431
1
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/
EF
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EDUCATION
20%
WASH
Latin America and Caribbean Region
Regional Office*
Colombia
Haiti
Total
US$
5,700,000
5,500,000
22,000,000
33,200,000
21%
257,000
people
to
have
access to
information,
HIV and AIDS
testing and
treatment
3
4
*Includes countries with specific budgets in the regional chapter. For more information please visit the website, <www.unicef.org/appeals>.
Includes countries in the regional chapters.
Percentages do not total 100 because of rounding.
HIV and AIDS funding requirement is less than 1% of the total requirement, and because of rounding does not feature in this overview.
This includes preparedness for Ebola, regional support in some cases, as well as global support.
Communication for Development (C4D) costs are separated out only for the Ebola HAC chapter- others have been included under
sectors or preparedness and response.
395,000
people
to be
reached with
cash assistance
4
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Humanitarian Action for Children 2015 –
<www.unicef.org/appeals>
3
UNICEF
Humanitarian Action for Children 2015 |
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Children in crisis
The map below highlights the global humanitarian situation at the end of 2014 and
some of the major crises affecting children and their families.
Countries in
Humanitarian
Action for Children
Central and Eastern Europe
and the Commonwealth of
Independent States
Ukraine
East Asia and the Pacific
Democratic People’s
Republic of Korea
Myanmar
Philippines
Eastern and Southern
Africa
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Kenya
Malawi
Somalia
South Sudan
Uganda
Latin America and
the Caribbean
Colombia
Haiti
Middle East and
North Africa
Djibouti
Iraq – Internally Displaced
Persons (IDP) Response
State of Palestine
Sudan
Syrian Arab Republic
Syria Refugees (Egypt, Iraq,
Jordan, Lebanon and Turkey)
Yemen
South Asia
Afghanistan
West and Central Africa
Central African Republic
Cameroon
Chad
Democratic Republic of the
Congo
Ebola (Guinea, Liberia, Sierra
Leone)
Mali
Niger
Nigeria
5
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Humanitarian Action for Children 2015 –
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Humanitarian Action for Children 2015 |
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Democratic Republic
of the Congo
Armed conflict continues
with 2.7 million people
displaced and over 2.25
million children suffering from
severe acute malnutrition.
South Sudan
A malnutrition crisis
continues, especially in
conflict affected states, with
global acute malnutrition
rates as high as 30% in
high risk counties and
over 235,000 children
suffering from severe acute
malnutrition.
Somalia
Over 1 million people require
life-saving assistance and
2.16 million people remain
highly vulnerable to shocks,
the most vulnerable of which
are children.
Yemen
Political instability, and
expanding localised conflicts,
have increased children’s
vulnerability, including to
malnutrition which is affecting
some 1.6 million children.
Myanmar
Civil conflict has cut off
297,000 people from
essential services and their
needs are compounded by
Myanmar’s high exposure
to natural hazards.
Afghanistan
Violent conflict and natural
disasters has left 1.9 million
Afghans in need of safe
drinking water, sanitation and
hygiene services, and 750,000
people enduring prolonged
displacement.
Colombia
Half of the more than seven
million registered victims
of the 50 year conflict are
children, impacted by forced
displacement, recruitment
into armed groups and
sexual violence among other
violations.
Nigeria
Boko Haram attacks in 2014
escalated in frequency and
intensity resulting in 1.5 million
internally displaced persons of
which the majority are women
and children.
Central African Republic
2.4 million children are
affected by a complex
humanitarian and protection
crisis.
State of Palestine
In the Gaza Strip, hostilities in
mid-2014 exposed children to
unparalleled levels of violence
and destruction with 539
children killed, 2,956 injured,
and left 108,000 people
homeless, half of whom are
children.
Ebola Outbreak
18.7 million people are
affected by the Ebola
outbreak of which 9.8 million
are children and young people
under 20.
Sahel
As the nutrition crisis continues,
a projected 6.4 million children
under-5 years will suffer from
acute malnutrition in the Sahel.
Ukraine
Ukraine faces a humanitarian crisis
affecting 5.2 million people living in
conflict zones, of whom 1.7 million
are children. Over 1 million people
have been displaced in Ukraine and
abroad and a total of 1.4 million
people in conflict zones require
humanitarian assistance.
Sudan
On-going violence in Darfur, the
Kordofan States, Blue Nile and
Abyei has forced over 3.1 million
people to flee their homes. Poor
access to basic services has left
children vulnerable to disease and
malnutrition, including 1.2 million
children suffering from acute
malnutrition.
Syrian Arab Republic and
sub-region
A whole generation of Syrian
children are at risk, with over 8
million children affected (over
5.6 million inside Syria and
another 1.7 million refugees).
Iraq
5.2 million people are affected
by the crisis in Iraq including
2.2 million IDPs (50% children)
across 2,000 sites, and Iraq
is also hosting some 223,000
Syrian refugees.
Considered a Level 3 emergency following activation of UNICEF’s Corporate Emergency Procedure.
This map is stylized and not to scale. It does not reflect a position by UNICEF on the legal status of any country or area or the delimitation of any frontiers. The dotted
line represents approximately the Line of Control agreed upon by India and Pakistan. The final status of Jammu and Kashmir has not yet been agreed upon by the
Parties. The final boundary between the Republic of the Sudan and the Republic of South Sudan has not yet been determined.
All figures come from online chapters unless noted.
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Results achieved in 2014
5
(Through October)
The chart below captures some of the key results achieved against targets for children by UNICEF and partners
through the first 10 months of 2014. In some contexts, achievements were constrained by limited resources,
including across sectors; inadequate humanitarian access; insecurity and a challenging operating environment.
See country funding levels on page 11. Further reporting on 2014 – including country-specific indicators – is
available on the respective country web pages on
<www.unicef.org/appeals>.
Ebola outbreak
18.7 million
people are affected by the Ebola outbreak, of which
9.8 million
are children and young people under 20.
•
•
18.7 million
people are affected by the Ebola outbreak, of which
9.8 million
are children and young people under 20.
Establishment and support to more than
50 Community Care
Centres and rapid isolation facilities
with a bed capacity of
500.
30,000 children
affected by the Ebola outbreak benefitted from
psychosocial support.
4,100 metric tons (MT)
of Ebola-related commodities were
shipped, making this the largest supply response in UNICEF’s
history.
More than
50,000
community volunteers, health workers,
religious leaders and youth were mobilized.
1,400
Community Watch Committees established.
1 million children
received education through remote
programming while schools were closed.
•
5
Targets and results are drawn from country chapters of
Humanitarian Action for Children
and situation reports. Results may differ from targets due to lack of resources per
sector; changes in situation, needs and caseloads; inadequate humanitarian access or insecurity; or simply results surpassing initial targets or not being achieved. More
information can be found in the respective country pages and situation reports at
<www.unicef.org/appeals>.
•
•
•
•
NUTRITION
HEALTH
WATER, SANITATION
AND HYGIENE
(WASH)
CHILD PROTECTION
EDUCATION
KL
F/U
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FP
F/P
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UN
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YH
F/N
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/A
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CENTRAL AFRICAN
REPUBLIC, 2014
6/N
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70%
1.8 million children
treated for severe acute
malnutrition
81%
16 million children
vaccinated against
measles
77%
13 million people were
provided with access to
safe water for drinking,
bathing and cooking
66%
1.8 million children
received psycho-social
support
58%
2 million children were
provided with access to
improved education, both
formal and informal
7
8
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Humanitarian Action for Children 2015 –
<www.unicef.org/appeals>
UNICEF
Humanitarian Action for Children 2015 |
9
8
© UNICEF/NYHQ2014-0944/BINDRA
©U
NIC
C
NI
©U
EF
/S
EF
A
On 7 July 2014 in
the Central African
Republic, a girl holds
a slate at Boy Rabe
Monastery, in Bangui,
the capital. The girl
attends a UNICEF-
supported temporary
learning space (called
ETAPEs locally) at the
monastery.
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Humanitarian funding in 2014
Donors generously responded in 2014 to worsening conflicts
that had a devastating impact on children. Humanitarian funding
reached record levels for UNICEF, approaching US$1.67 billion
by the end of 2014.
6
This sustained and expanded support
came at a time when humanitarian needs were also growing
exponentially with the funding requirement over the year
increasing from US$2.1 billion in January to US$3.16 billion by
the end of 2014 – a 50 per cent increase.
The dramatic surge in humanitarian needs in 2014 resulted
from multiple Level 3 emergencies throughout the world,
including the typhoon in the Philippines; conflicts in South
Sudan, Syria, Iraq, and the Central African Republic; and the
Ebola outbreak in West Africa. The Ebola outbreak and the
worsening situations in Iraq, the State of Palestine (Gaza) and
Ukraine resulted in new or revised appeals, adding almost
US$800 million to the initial request in the 2014 Humanitarian
Action for Children (HAC).
6
Contributions and shortfalls in 2014
Funding received in US$ millions – percentage of requirement
Funding to Level 3 humanitarian crises constituted some 72 per
cent of all funding received. Of these crises the Central African
Republic was the least funded receiving only 56 per cent of its
funding needs. Chronic emergencies in Sudan, Somalia and
Chad, struggled to attract resources and were funded at under
45 per cent. The State of Palestine appeal was severely under-
funded at 23 per cent and the Ukraine crisis response was
even farther behind at only 11 per cent.
Given the highly dynamic nature of the complex emergencies
that UNICEF is facing, the need for flexible and un-earmarked
funds is especially critical. Thematic funding, which has
fewer restrictions than other resources, accounted for
only 9 per cent of humanitarian funding; and un-earmarked
thematic humanitarian funding was less than 1 per cent of
the total received. The three emergencies receiving the most
humanitarian thematic funding in 2014 were the Philippines,
the Syrian Regional Refugee crisis and the Ebola outbreak.
UNICEF encourages donors to contribute humanitarian
thematic funding to make sure UNICEF’s humanitarian
response meets the needs of children in crisis.
FUNDING RECEIVED
Syria refugees
(Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon and Turkey)
Ebola* (Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone)
Iraq*
Syrian Arab Republic
Somalia
South Sudan
Philippines
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Sudan
Chad
West and Central Africa regional office
Central African Republic
Yemen
Afghanistan
FUNDING SHORTFALL
US$576.3 – 66%
US$507.4 – 47%
US$319.5 – 43%
US$193.8 – 60%
US$155.1 – 40%
US$151.8 – 89%
US$144.6 – 109%
US$126 – 43%
US$102.2 – 44%
US$82.2 – 45%
US$81.1 – 29%
US$81 – 57%
US$65 – 46%
US$60.3 – 35%
US$57.8 – 29%
US$48.8 – 28%
US$48.4 – 44%
US$45.1 – 23%
US$42.3 – 36%
US$42.3 – 75%
US$38.9 – 35%
US$35.3 – 45%
US$32.4 – 11%
US$29.7 – 7%
US$21.3 – 47%
US$20.3 – 14%
US$18.4 – 45%
US$15.8 – 4%
US$9.7 – 15%
US$8.1 – 107%
US$8.1 – 4%
US$5 – 26%
US$5 – 30%
US$5 – 41%
US$4.6 – 93%
US$4.2 – 91%
US$3.5 – 57%
All amounts in US$. All funding figures have been rounded.
* The needs for the UNICEF appeals in response to the Ebola outbreak, the Iraq
IDP crisis and the Ukraine emergency response extend to 2015.
** Funding received for the Balkan floods under the CEE/CIS appeal.
The figures are as of 14 December 2014 and reflect the Other Resources Emergency
(ORE) budget issued in 2014, based on signed agreements. The budget issued will
normally exceed the income received, as UNICEF now releases budgets in full when a
contract is signed with a donor, even though it may cover multiple years.
Figure 2. Top 10 sources of humanitarian funds, 2014
Government of the United States
OCHA*
Government of the United Kingdom
European Union
Government of Japan
Government of Germany
Government of Canada
World Bank
UNDP - Multi-Donor Trust Funds
Government of Sweden
$341,077,545
$200,489,378
$165,200,569
$122,247,533
$99,440,847
$77,840,806
$73,626,408
$66,674,539
$60,866,662
$46,693,877
0
50
100
150
200
*OCHA includes Central Emergency Fund
(CERF) and $97 million of the Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia for Iraq
2014 data as of 14 December 2014
Mali
South Asia regional office
Uganda
State of Palestine
Haiti
Ethiopia
Niger
Kenya
Ukraine*
Eastern and Southern Africa regional office
US$ millions
250
300
350
Mauritania
Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
Myanmar
Eritrea
Middle East and North Africa regional office
Global support
Côte d’Ivoire
Angola
Colombia
Djibouti
Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth
of Independent States regional office**
East Asia and Pacific regional office
Latin America and Caribbean regional office
Figure 3. Top 10 donors – thematic humanitarian funds, 2014
Japan Committee for UNICEF
United Kingdom Committee for UNICEF
Government of Finland
German Committee for UNICEF
United States Fund for UNICEF
Spanish Committee for UNICEF
French Committee for UNICEF
Italian Committee for UNICEF
Swedish Committee for UNICEF
Canadian UNICEF Committee
$18,548,064
$15,637,139
$14,230,817
$12,517,472
$10,269,609
$8,016,570
$6,890,040
$5,786,098
$5,092,183
$3,590,912
2014 data as of 14 December 2014
US$ millions
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
US$ millions
0
100
200
300
400
500
9
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1491728_0007.png
modalities of implementation for greater impact in various
humanitarian contexts.
Regional offices are the first port of call to provide support
to a crisis. Dedicated technical and cross-sector advisers
provide direct programme and operational support, with
increased capacity in emergency-prone regions. This
includes strengthening country-level capacity, providing
quality assurance and facilitating surge deployment. Regional
office capacity is also critical during significant regional
emergencies, as seen in the crises in the Syrian Arab Republic
and in responding to the Ebola crisis in West Africa.
UKRAINE, 2014
On 7 October, 6-year-old Maksim,
an orphan who has been displaced
from the city of Bryanka in Luhansk
Oblast Region, sits in a room at
an accommodation centre for
people displaced by the country’s
continuing conflict, in the Pushcha
Vodytsia neighbourhood in Kyiv, the
capital.
What does the global architecture cost?
UNICEF’s 2015 global humanitarian appeal is for US$3.1
billion. Over 98 per cent of requirements will directly support
a wide range of humanitarian actions by UNICEF field offices
around the world. The global support for this response costs
US$40.6 million
7
, approximately one per cent of the overall
appeal. Nearly half of this support budget (US$18.6 million)
will be covered through core or regular resources. Another
US$12.8 million will be raised by early 2015.
© UNICEF/NYHQ2014-1897/KREPKIH
Also critical to UNICEF’s emergency response is its supply
function, which is led from Copenhagen, with supply
hubs located in Dubai, Panama and Shanghai for the rapid
mobilization and shipment of essential life-saving supplies
during the first 24 to 72 hours of a crisis. This complements
locally prepositioned supplies. A significant milestone for
UNICEF’s supply operations took place during 2014, with the
delivery of a record-setting 6,000 tons of life-saving supplies –
enough to fill more than 75 cargo jumbo jets – to the world’s
worst humanitarian crises. The Supply Dashboard, which
captures real time information of supply requirements, stock
items, pending orders and commodities sent or en route, was
rolled out to all Level 3 emergency countries. In addition to
direct emergency response, UNICEF’s efforts in influencing
markets, product innovation and supporting governments
in supply chain strengthening is vital to ensuring that quality
and affordable supplies reach children and communities. The
implementation of a supply and logistics roster in 2014 allows
for the identification and deployment of surge support staff,
such as emergency specialists, logisticians, data analysts
and warehouse staff, to emergencies in a more timely and
efficient way.
In terms of UNICEF’s overall emergency human resource
needs, a dedicated emergency human resources unit
coordinates surge deployment and recruitment for emergency
countries, alongside global standby partnerships. Focal points
in evaluation, communication, resource mobilization, finance
and administration, and information and communication
technology provide further support.
Global support to the field
What is the global architecture of UNICEF’s humanitarian
action?
Humanitarian action is firmly established as core to UNICEF’s
programming and is central to UNICEF’s Strategic Plan
2014-2017. UNICEF delivers results for children in some of
the most challenging environments in the world. In 2014,
the organization committed to achieving even more effective
responses to crises and to building stronger links between
humanitarian and development programming through
investing in risk-informed programming, resilience building
and strengthening humanitarian preparedness. In line with
this, UNICEF invested in a Strengthening Humanitarian Action
initiative with aims to adapt humanitarian action to emerging
operational contexts, to strengthen and expand humanitarian
partnerships, and to further simplify business processes in
order to be a more predictable and effective humanitarian
partner.
The burden of humanitarian crises in 2014 was
unprecedented in the history of the organization. The year
started with ongoing responses to four major emergencies
that required a mobilization of the entire humanitarian system:
the 2013 Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines, the continuation
of conflicts in both the Central African Republic and in Syria
with resulting refugee crises, and the eruption of violence
in South Sudan. At the end of October 2014, UNICEF
and partners were undertaking humanitarian action in 40
countries, including responding to new crises in connection to
the conflicts in Ukraine and Iraq, the escalation of hostilities in
Gaza, and the Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa.
Support to country-level humanitarian action is provided by
UNICEF’s seven regional offices and headquarters divisions.
Together these offices provide the core infrastructure to
support field preparedness and response in order to save
lives and protect rights; systematically reduce vulnerability
to disasters and conflicts; facilitate sector and cluster
coordination and humanitarian partnerships; and contribute to
the strategic response plans of humanitarian country teams.
Headquarters divisions provide overall strategic direction and
guidance, and are responsible for strategic planning, advocacy
and oversight for the entire organization. Headquarters also
leads the development of UNICEF’s global response strategy,
based on experiences and contributions from all parts of the
organization, to inform planning, policy and guidelines for
effective humanitarian action. Global support is coordinated
by a dedicated team in UNICEF’s Office of Emergency
Programmes (EMOPS), including a global security team
and a 24-hour, 7-day-a-week Operations Centre (OPSCEN).
UNICEF’s Programme Division provides sectoral technical
support, as well as a team that coordinates support to
resilience and recovery. The organization is also prioritizing
and investing in strengthening the resilience of children,
communities and systems to multiple shocks and stresses.
The recently created Field Results Group in Headquarters
will be working closely with the regional offices and country
offices to review and explore options for flexible and improved
How do investments in UNICEF’s global architecture translate
into action?
In order to fulfill UNICEF’s commitments to children in
emergencies it must have in place emergency preparedness
measures before a crisis begins. Headquarters divisions
and regional offices are working to support investments in
emergency preparedness at all levels of the organization,
so that response can be quick and effective. Investments in
strengthening UNICEF’s flexible financial modalities, such as
its Emergency Programme Fund, for use by country offices in
the first days of a response, have proven critical to UNICEF’s
ability to rapidly respond. Over the past few years, UNICEF
has significantly increased its investment in strengthening
its capacity to rapidly deploy staff with specialized skills in
emergency coordination, programming and operations. This
includes the expansion of the Emergency Response Team
to fill existing gaps in both programmatic areas as well as
operations, reinforcement of the Immediate Response Teams
and other measures that support timely and predictable
deployments.
UNICEF continues to actively engage collaborative
approaches to humanitarian action by leading the nutrition
and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) global clusters and
co-leading the education global cluster. The organization also
co-leads the child protection and gender-based violence areas
of responsibility within the protection cluster. Global cluster
capacity, including for information management, is ready
to be deployed upon activation of an inter-agency ‘Level 3
emergency response’.
Looking ahead
UNICEF will continue to invest in its humanitarian action
agenda, with a focus on providing staff with specific training
and skills development and continued focus on staff welfare
– particularly for those working in difficult circumstances. The
organization will expand humanitarian partnerships to take
fuller advantage of horizontal and South-South cooperation,
and build a more predictable set of relationships to enhance
operational capacity. Finally, UNICEF recognizes the need for
and seeks data-driven analysis that produces a blueprint for
humanitarian architecture and resources and helps to leverage
capacities and pool expertise. This will enable UNICEF to
deploy human and financial resources to the best advantage,
in the locations and sectors where needs are most critical.
7
This does not include additional requirements in regional chapters of Humanitarian
Action for Children 2015.
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Global architecture of UNICEF’s humanitarian action in 2015
Humanitarian
Programme Support
Operational
Support
Regional
Support
Country
Level
US$24.2 million
Mobilize global support
– Systems and procedures
– Technical support
US$8.5 million
Supply and logistics
– Copenhagen and regional hubs
– Procurement
– Warehousing
– Logistical support
US$7.9 million
Regional support
– Technical support (programmes
and operations)
– Capacity building (emergency
preparedness and response)
– Oversight and quality assurance
– Disaster risk reduction
US$3.1 billion
Afghanistan
Cameroon
Central African Republic
Chad
Colombia
Djibouti
Democratic People’s Republic of
Korea
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Ebola (Guinea, Liberia and
Sierra Leone)
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Haiti
Iraq
Kenya
Malawi
Mali
Myanmar
Programmatic support
– Nutrition, Health, Water
Sanitation and Hygiene,
Child Protection, Education,
HIV and AIDS
– Communication for
Development, Early Childhood
Development, Disabilities
– Resilience
– National capacity
development
– Disaster risk
reduction/preparedness
– Peacebuilding
Human resources
– Headquarters Emergency Unit
– Coordinating three models of
deployment (internal, external,
standby)
Central and Eastern Europe
and the Commonwealth of
Independent States
East Asia and the Pacific
Eastern and Southern
Africa
Latin America and the
Caribbean
Middle East and North
Africa
South Asia
West and Central Africa
Security/Operations Centre
(OPSCEN)
Communication
Resource mobilization
Finance and administration
Information and
communication technology
Results-based management
– Needs assessment
– Performance monitoring
– Evaluation
Policy and guidance
– Core Commitments for Children
– Equity (including gender)
– Protection of civilians (including
children and armed conflict)
– Knowledge management
– Innovation
– High-threat environments
– Humanitarian advocacy
© UNICEF/DENM2013-00167/THOBY
Niger
Nigeria
Philippines
Somalia
South Sudan
© UNICEF/NYHQ2014-1103/KHUZAIE
State of Palestine
Partnerships
– Inter-agency
– Transformative agenda
– NGOs, civil society, academia
– Integrated presences
© UNICEF/UNI175874/REYNA
IRAQ, 2014
On 8 August 2014, a girl stands in the Bajeed
Kandala camp. In the distance, other people
gather to receive humanitarian supplies. They
are among displaced Yazidis who have taken
refuge in the camp, which is near the town
of Peshkhabour, close to the border with the
Syrian Arab Republic, in Dohuk Governorate.
Sudan
Syria
Syria Refugees (Egypt, Iraq,
Jordan, Lebanon and Turkey)
Uganda
Ukraine
Yemen
Global Cluster Coordination
– Field support
– Information management
Total cost:
US$40.6 million
All figures are rounded.
Covered by core resources:
US$18.6 million
Covered by other funding sources:
US$12.8 million
Funding gap:
US$9.1 million
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Further information on UNICEF’s
humanitarian action can be obtained from:
Afshan Khan
Director
Office of Emergency Programmes (EMOPS)
UNICEF New York
Tel:
+1 212 326 7163
Email: [email protected]
Sikander Khan
Deputy Director
Office of Emergency Programmes (EMOPS)
UNICEF New York
Tel:
+41 22 909 2501
Email: [email protected]
Olav Kjørven
Director
Public Partnerships Division
UNICEF New York
Tel:
+1 212 326 7160
Email: [email protected]
United Nations Children’s Fund
Office of Emergency Programmes
3 United Nations Plaza
New York, NY 10017, USA
www.unicef.org/appeals
ISBN: 978-92-806-4784-6
© United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
January 2015
What is
Humanitarian
Action for Children?
Humanitarian Action for Children
(HAC) is UNICEF’s global
appeal, which highlights the challenges faced by children in
humanitarian situations, the support required to help them
survive and thrive, and the results that are possible in even
the most difficult of circumstances. In recent years, the
appeal has progressively moved online, where content can
be updated regularly. As part of UNICEF’s ongoing efforts
to make its systems more strategic and results-based, the
online HAC presents individual humanitarian appeals based
on needs, standards and targets, while showing what results
have been achieved for children and women. Appeals and
results are updated regularly, based on the country context.
The HAC is in line with United Nations inter-agency Strategic
Response Plans.
Visit the HAC website for more details and information:
<www.unicef.org/appeals>
COVER PHOTO: SIERRA LEONE, 2014
On 1 October, a man and the young girl he is
carrying undergo temperature screenings at a
checkpoint between the cities of Waterloo and
Freetown, the capital. Travellers seeking to enter
the capital are being screened at the checkpoint for
signs of Ebola virus.
© UNICEF/NYHQ2014-1813/BINDRA
unite for children