MIU, Alm.del - 2014-15 (1. samling) - Bilag 102: Præsentationer fra Sundheds- og Forebyggelsesudvalgets og Miljøudvalgets studietur til det hollandske mellemlager for opbevaring af atomaffald COVRA den 8. december 2014

Miljøudvalget 2014-15 (1. samling)
MIU Alm.del Bilag 102
Offentligt

Radioactive waste management

in the Netherlands II

Ewoud Verhoef and Hans Codée

COVRA NV

8 December 2014

MIU, Alm.del - 2014-15 (1. samling) - Bilag 102: Præsentationer fra Sundheds- og Forebyggelsesudvalgets og Miljøudvalgets studietur til det hollandske mellemlager for opbevaring af atomaffald COVRA den 8. december 2014

CONTENTS

•  Siting

•  Organisation

SITE SELECTION

• 

1984 new policy: >>centralised solution

• 

siting? >>>>NIMBY

• 

1984 procedure approved by Parliament:

- high level governmental committee

- selection criteria

SITE SELECTION

Criteria:

•  industrial site

•  large enough

•  discharge water/

cooling water

•  infrastructure

•  directly available

➨

12 sites

Co-operation from local government

SITE SELECTION

•  2 sites

COVRA had to choose:

>>> Borsele site

FINDING A SITE

…the municipality planted some trees around it,

now you hardly see it…….

FINDING A SITE

Please, mister

can we have our ball?

SITE SELECTION

NORM storage

HLW storage

office

LILW treatment

LILW storage

COVRA site:

21 ha

CONTENTS

•  Siting

•  Organisation

WASTE MANAGEMENT ORGANISATIONS

POSIVA

SKB

DEKOM

ALARA

RAPA

RATA

NDA

COVRA

DBE

ZUOP

NIRAS

SURAO

JAVIS

NAGRA

ANDRA

PURAM

ARAO

AN&DR

ENRESA

SOGIN

SE RAW

GENERAL PRINCIPLES RWM

•  adequate framework to manage radioactive

waste

•  cover all responsibilities and liabilities in ‘the

classical triangle’

INFRASTRUCTURE, RESPONSABILITIES?

CLASSICAL TRIANGLE

• 

policy

laws

• 

independence,

authority

• 

no conflict of interest

licenses

waste

• 

prevent, minimise, re-use

•  notify, deliver

money

•  payment

user,

waste producer

•  clarity of roles,

clear definition of responsibilities

•  inspection

•  polluter pays,

cost efficient

• 

infrastructure

liability

WMO

•  acceptance criteria

•  financing

•  execution

RWM POLICY THE NETHERLANDS

• 

all waste managed and

owned

by COVRA

all waste managed at one industrial site

at least 100 years storage, in buildings

deep disposal after 100 years

stable policy since 1984!

•  policy to be executed by COVRA

COVRA

•  statutory task:

to take care of all Dutch radioactive waste

•  N.V. (Ltd. , Inc. or GmbH)

shareholders 1982:

- 30% n.p.p. Borssele

- 30% n.p.p. Dodewaard

- 30% research foundation ECN

- 10% Dutch state

2002:

100 %

COVRA’S TASKS

• 

collection and shipment

treatment and conditioning

long-term storage

final disposal

monitoring

administration

informing the public

COVRA PRINCIPLES

• 

polluter pays

costs covered by fees

cost effective

no retrospective adjustment of fees paid

COVRA takes over full title

future costs to be paid from funds

capital growth fund

COVRA PRINCIPLES

1.  polluter pays to COVRA

2.  transfer of title to COVRA

3.  capital growth fund within COVRA

COVRA PRINCIPLES

1.  polluter pays:

LILW (including DSRS)

•  collecting drum delivered to producer

•  collection of filled drum + data

•  treatment of waste >>cemented waste form

•  at least 100 years storage

•  final disposal

standard tariff for standard waste

cost-plus for other waste

FINANCING

•  treatment and storage buildings financed by

COVRA / capital loans / investment subsidy

•  waste producers pay according to kind of

treatment and storage volume (and radiation

level at surface of conditioned waste)

•  for LILW no relation to activity

COVRA PRINCIPLES

1.  polluter pays:

HLW (spent fuel, reprocessing waste, other)

•  shipment research SF, other waste to COVRA

•  packaging research SF, other waste

all waste types

•  at least 100 years storage

•  geological disposal

FINANCING

•  direct payment upfront of share in treatment

installations and storage volume

•  shared between clients

(1994: 2 npp, 3 research

establishments; now: 1 npp, 2 research establishments )

•  direct payment of shipment and delivery costs

when executed

COVRA PRINCIPLES

2.  transfer of title to COVRA:

ownership and all liabilities for COVRA

•  collection at waste producer:

at moment waste delivered in COVRA truck

•  delivery by train (repro waste, depU):

at moment waste delivered at COVRA premises

or inside building

COVRA PRINCIPLES

• 

Capital growth fund:

all producers pay

contribution per m

HLW : LILW = 2 : 1

after 100-130 years:

€

2 billion

real interest rate 2.3%

safe investments

State as back-up

money mio

€

1000

1500

2000

2500

500

CAPITAL GROWTH FUND

time

reference line

CAPITAL GROWTH FUND

2500

2000

money mio

€

every year evaluation of quantities,

every 5 years of costs & options

1500

1000

500

time

CONCLUSION

waste

liability

money

Active for the future

www.COVRA.nl

EXPERIENCE: A MIRROR

1986

FINDING A SITE

…the municipality planted some trees around it,

now you hardly see it…….

FINDING A SITE

Please, mister

can we have our ball?

COMMUNICATION 1986-1992

•  door to door flyers

•  local municipal interest group

•  involvement of local companies

COVRA attitude:

rational approach (facts

and figures)

COVRA experience with negative local attitude:

include communication in the design

YOUR NEIGHBOUR?

YOUR NEIGHBOUR?

OPENNESS IN DESIGN

open area

freely accessible,

friendly

TRANSPARANCY IN DESIGN

TRANSPARANCY IN DESIGN

be clean,

LLW treatment building

look tidy

EVERYBODY WELCOME

COMMUNICATION 1992-2002

• 

impeccable behaviour

be open, transparent

all facts easy accessible and understandable

always answer

but…….

look for positive things to share

focus on non technical aspects

show emotions!!!!!!

create opportunities

• 

COMMUNICATION 1982-2003

1982-2003:

• 

rational approach: facts & figures

2003-now:

• 

emotional approach: art & time

COMMUNICATION 2003-NOW

Include Art:

• Safe is beautiful

• Metamorphosis 2003-2103

• Art exhibitions

• performances

• the Art of storage, the storage of Art

SAFE = BEAUTIFUL

2003

2023

2043

2063

2083

2103

ART IS PART OF TECHNICAL VISIT

HABOG, METAMORPHOSIS

•  the story about changing colour/art includes

that we will take care

•  people remember the concept of decay

•  people understand the importance of time

•  easy to be proud of something beautiful

•  people remember the art, forget technical

details

Store for 100 years?

THE ART OF STORAGE

• 

unused space available

well guarded

only slow and gradual temperature changes

air humidity 60% or lower

available for a very long time

perfect depot storage for museums!

THE ART OF STORAGE

DEPOT FOR MUSEUMS

many museum artefacts

are > 400 years old

(golden age)

ART EXHIBITIONS

PERFORMANCES

THEATRE

(QUARTET BY HEINER MÜLLER)

What did we learn?

THINK OUTSIDE

THE BOX

SHOW EMOTIONS!