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Forsvarsudvalget 2013-14
FOU Alm.del Bilag 111
Offentligt

Forsvarsministeriet

Att.: Forsvarsminister Nicolai Wammen

Holmens Kanal 42,

1060 København K

AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL

DANSK AFDELING

Gammeltorv 8, 5. sal

1457 København K

T: 3345 6565

F: 3345 6566

www.amnesty.dk

[email protected]

NATO-topmøde d. 4. – 5. september 2014: Afghanistan og menneskerettigheder

ATO-

27.05.2014

Kære Nicolai Wammen,

Jeg skriver til dig i anledning af det kommende NATO-topmøde d. 4. – 5. september 2014 da vi

er bekendt med, at dagsorden for mødet forhandles i juni måned.

Vi vil gerne opfordre dig til at arbejde for, at menneskerettighederne bliver en central del af

drøftelserne om Afghanistan ved mødet. Derfor vil vi gerne bede dig foreslå, at de følgende

områder og anbefalinger medtages på dagsorden for topmødet. Vi har vedlagt en længere

beskrivelse af vores anbefalinger

Vi mener, at det er endnu mere afgørende, at der bliver fokuseret på, hvordan civile kan

beskyttes, nu når de afghanske styrker overtager ansvaret for de militære operationer. Helt

konkret bør NATO/ISAF assistere den afghanske regering i at udvikle og implementere

beskyttelsesforanstaltninger for civile. Herudover håber vi, at du og dine NATO-kolleger vil

drøfte, hvordan I sikrer, at de fortsatte beskyldninger om strafbare overgreb kan blive

efterforsket, og hvordan de eventuelle skyldige kan stilles til ansvar.

Et andet centralt område er kvinders rettigheder, som traditionelt har ligget danske regeringer

meget på sinde. Vi håber, at I vil sikre, at dette område kommer på dagsorden, bl.a. med fokus

på at sikre kvinders deltagelse i det politiske arbejde, i forhold til offentlige anliggender generelt

og specifikt i forhold til kvinders deltagelse i freds- og forsoningsprocessen. Herudover vil vi

gerne opfordre til, at FN’s Sikkerhedsråds resolution om kvinders rolle i Afghanistan

implementeres.

Vi håber endvidere at spørgsmålet om internt fordrevne vil blive drøftet. Ca. 631.286 afghanere

er internt fordrevne som resultat af konflikterne og de militære operationer. Størstedelen af

internt fordrevne er udsat for adskillige krænkelser af menneskerettighederne, herunder

manglende adgang til helt fundamentale livsfornødenheder som vand, tag over hovedet,

lægehjælp og skolegang.

Endelig vil vi opfordre dig til at arbejde for at sikre, at eventuelle aftaler der måtte blive indgået

på topmødet, ikke kan tjene til at underminere, men snarere styrker menneskerettighederne og

retsstaten i Afghanistan.

Vi står selvfølgelig til rådighed for en eventuelt uddybende drøftelse af vores anbefalinger.

Venlig hilsen

Lars Normann Jørgensen,

Generalsekretær

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Amnesty’s recommendations - agenda of the NATO Summit

1. Protection of civilians

Amnesty International believes that in this year of security transition, with Afghan forces

increasingly taking the lead in military operations, NATO/ISAF should assist the Afghan

government in developing and implementing robust civilian protection policies and

mechanisms. Moreover, although NATO/ISAF forces have greatly strengthened their

operational safeguards to protect civilians in recent years, improvements to their process

and record of accountability remain necessary. Without greater attention to ensuring that

claims of unlawful conduct are properly investigated and, where appropriate, prosecuted,

NATO/ISAF forces risk leaving a legacy of unresolved claims following the completion of the

security transition. Among other things this would make successful advocacy on national

accountability processes more difficult to achieve.

As a NATO/ISAF troop contributing country, we urge you to:

Ensure that all allegations of civilian casualties and harm resulting from NATO/ISAF

military operations are fully investigated and, if there is sufficient admissible

evidence of criminal conduct, prosecute personnel in fair trials without recourse to

death penalty.

Compensate victims of NATO/ISAF military operations, while ensuring that your

country’s laws allow all victims to seek redress through civil actions.

Review practices to ensure compliance with current tactical directives and other

operational guidance, particularly on air-strikes and night raids, and promptly and

transparently conduct thorough investigations into the circumstances of civilian

casualties that do occur.

Assist the Afghan government in establishing a credible, independent mechanism to

monitor, investigate and report publicly on civilian deaths and injuries, or

destruction of civilian objects, attributed to the Afghan National Security Forces

(ANSF), and to ensure timely and effective remedies. This mechanism should

include detailed procedures for recording casualties, receiving claims, conducting

investigations, carrying out disciplinary measures including prosecutions where

warranted, and ensuring reparation which includes restitution, compensation,

rehabilitation, satisfaction and guarantees of non-repetition.

As part of NATO/ISAF efforts to mentor and provide guidance to the ANSF, provide

robust training in international humanitarian and human rights law (including

specific guidance on women’s human rights) to all ANSF personnel.

2. Women’s political participation

The Afghan Constitution grants women equal status to men, with Afghan women having the

right to take part in public affairs, participate in the formulation of public policy, hold

public office, and perform all public functions. To ensure the fulfilment of these rights,

NATO countries should take steps to help strengthen the role of women in the peace and

reconciliation process, and, more broadly, to encourage their participation in public affairs.

This must include the full implementation of the UN Security Council Resolutions on the

role of women in Afghanistan.

As a NATO/ISAF troop contributing country, we urge you to:

Encourage the Afghan government to strengthen the participation of women in

peace talks, as well as in public affairs more broadly.

As part of NATO/ISAF efforts to mentor and provide guidance to the ANSF, support

the increased participation of women in the ANSF, including in the Afghan National

Police Force.

Make efforts at the Summit itself, including inside events and in the follow-up

process, to ensure the meaningful participation of Afghan women both from state

institutions and civil society, and ensure their views are heard and taken into

consideration.

Side 2

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3. Displacement arising from security operations

An estimated 631,286 Afghans are internally displaced in the country as a result of the

conflict, including tens of thousands in the last year alone.

It is possible that the drawdown

of international combat forces this year will lead to increased combat operations that trigger

further displacement.

Many displaced persons subsist in urban slums and settlements as their only option. The

majority experience multiple human rights violations, including lack of adequate housing,

food water, healthcare, education and economic opportunities, which could further erode

the country’s hard-won advances and lead to greater instability in otherwise stable urban

areas.

As a NATO/ISAF troop contributing country, we urge you to prevent and mitigate

displacement by:

Making efforts to predict, monitor and assess the impact of military operations on

displacement, and by taking all measures necessary to minimise displacement in

areas affected by operations.

Supplementing existing tactical directives, operating procedures, and guidance to

troops, on humanitarian responses with explicit guidance on the prevention and

mitigation of forced displacement.

Sharing information on humanitarian needs and displacement with humanitarian

actors.

These include UN Security Council resolutions S/RES/1325 (2000), S/RES/1960 (2010), S/RES/2106 (2013),

S/RES/2122 (2013) on Women, Peace and Security, and S/RES/2120 (2013) and S/RES/2145 (2014) on the

mandates of ISAF and UNAMA, respectively.

UNHCR Afghanistan factsheet, accessed 13 May 2014: http://www.unhcr.org/50002021b.html

Side 3