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2012
UNICEFHumanitarianActionfor Children
� United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)January 2012Permission to reproduce any part of this publication is required.Please contact:Division of Communication, UNICEF3 United Nations PlazaNew York, NY 10017, USATel: + 1-212 326-7434Email: [email protected]Permission will be freely granted to educational or non-profit organizations.Others will be requested to pay a small fee.For any update or corrigenda found subsequent to printing, please visit ourwebsite at http://www.unicef.org/hac2012ISBN: 978-92-806-4622-1
2012
UNICEFHumanitarianActionfor Children
AcknowledgementsThis report was made possible with the advice and contribution of many people from UNICEF headquarters andregional and field offices. Information for the country chapters was received from the following UNICEF field offices:Afghanistan, the Central African Republic, Chad, Colombia, the Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Djibouti, the DemocraticPeople’s Republic of Korea, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Haiti, Jordan, Kenya,Lebanon, Liberia, Madagascar, the Niger, Occupied Palestinian Territory, Pakistan, the Philippines, Somalia, Sri Lanka,South Sudan, the Sudan, Syria, Yemen and Zimbabwe.
PROJECT MANAGEMENT, EDITORIAL AND RESEARCHDermot Carty,Deputy Director,Office of Emergency Programmes; Christine Knudsen,Chief,Inter-Agency andHumanitarian Partnership, Office of Emergency Programmes; Marika Hofmeister,Project Manager;Zuhal Ayoub,Researcher;Anastasia Warpinski,LLC Writer/Report Editor;Jennifer Meybaum,Managing Editor;Jenny Ngai,Intern;Catherine Langevin-Falcon,Chief,Publications Section, Division of Communications, Jordan Tamagni,SeniorAdvisor Communications,Office of the Executive Director (foreword), Hirut Gebre-Egziabher and Lisa Kenney,Fact-checkers (foreword and introduction);Charlotte Maitre and Anna Grojec,Copy Editors (foreword and introduction).
PROGRAMME AND POLICY GUIDANCEThanks to the following UNICEF divisions: Office of Emergency Operations, Programme Division, Public-sectorAlliances & Resource Mobilization Office, and Policy and Practice. Particular thanks also to Louis-Georges Arsenault,Director,Office of Emergency Programmes; Nicholas Alipui,Director,Programme Division; Afshan Khan,Director,Public-sector Alliances & Resource Mobilization; Richard Morgan,Director,Division of Policy and Practice; and toPilar Aguilar, Kate Alley, David Anthony, Lisa Bender, Genevieve Boutin, Marie France Bourgeois, Catherine Barnett,Emily Bild, Babita Bisht, Sara Bordas Eddy, Franck Bouvet, Emmanuelle Compingt, Mari Denby, Lisa Doughten,Brendan Doyle; Ilka Esquivel, Faika Farzana, William Fellows, Anne Golaz, James Hedges, Rafael Hermoso; NaomiIchikawa; Josephine Ippe, Pernille Ironside, Akhil Iyer, Robert Jenkins, Sarah Karmin, Jane Lawry-White, Michel LePechoux, Mendy Marsh, Louise Maule, Marixie Mercado, Samantha Millar, Claire Morton, Roseline Murama, JordanNaidoo, Nalinee Nippita, Mads Oyen, Heather Papowitz, Andrew Parker, Stephan Pichette, Ricardo Pires, JalpaRatna, Dolores Rio, James Rogan, Marc Salvail, Cecilia Sanchez, Lara Scott, Oren Schlein, Vijaya Singh, AntonySpalton, Frederick Spielberg, Julien Temple, Christopher Tidey, Jesus Trelles, Ellen Van Kalmthout, Julie Verhaar,Tessa Wardlaw, and Lana Wreikat. Thanks also to UNICEF regional offices: Yodit Abdisa, Shameza Abdulla, SelassieAtadika, Gianluca Buono, Luc Chauvin, Thomas Davin, Andrea James, Grant Leaity, Tania McBride, Robert McCarthy,Heidi Peugeot, Asim Rehman, and Nona Zicherman, as well as all technical advisers.
DESIGN AND PRE-PRESS PRODUCTIONLaurie Douglas Graphic Design
MAPSJihad Abdalla,Emergency Officer
PHOTOGRAPHYEllen Tolmie,Senior Photography Editor;Susan Markisz,Lead Photography, Researcher/Caption Writer
WEBSITE PRODUCTIONAlex Godoy,Multimedia Project Manager;Dennis Yuen,Web Developer;Andrea Verity,English Web Pro-ducer;Emmanuel May, Linda Tom, Ling Tsui,Web Designers;Patrice Brizard, Pedro Bujalance-Andres, SobhiJawabra, Tatiana Molina, Ying Shi,Language Web Production
OUTREACHPatrick McCormick,Emergencies Communication Officer
PRINTINGPhoenix Design Aid
TRANSLATIONFrench edition:Marc ChalametSpanish (Web) edition:Carlos PerellónArabic (Web) edition:Green Ink Publication Services LtdChinese (Web) edition:Bright Translation ServicesFurther Information on UNICEF’s humanitarian action can be obtained from:
Louis-Georges ArsenaultDirectorOffice of EmergencyProgrammes (EMOPS)UNICEF New YorkTel: +1 212 326-7163Fax: +1 212 326-7037E-mail: [email protected]ii
Afshan KhanDirectorPublic Sector Alliances andResource Mobilization (PARMO)UNICEF New YorkTel: + 1-212 326 7160Fax: + 1-212 326 7165E-mail: [email protected]
Dermot CartyDeputy DirectorOffice of EmergencyProgrammes (EMOPS)UNICEF GenevaTel: + 41 22 909 5601Fax: + 41 22 909 5902E-mail: [email protected]
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Contentsvvi1111518192021222324252930313233343538394041424346474849525355585961FOREWORDUNICEF HUMANITARIAN ACTION FUNDING REQUIREMENTS FOR2012INTRODUCTIONGLOBAL SUPPORT FOR UNICEFEASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICAEritreaEthiopiaKenyaMadagascarSomaliaSouth SudanZimbabweWEST AND CENTRAL AFRICACentral African RepublicChadCôte d’IvoireDemocratic Republic of the CongoLiberiaNigerMIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICADjiboutiIraqi refugees in Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and the Syrian Arab RepublicOccupied Palestinian TerritorySudanYemenSOUTH ASIAAfghanistanPakistanSri LankaEAST ASIA AND THE PACIFICDemocratic People’s Republic of KoreaPhilippinesLATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEANColombiaHaitiCENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE ANDTHE COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATESPHOTO CAPTIONS
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Countries and territories includedin 2012 UNICEF HumanitarianAction for Children
DemocraticPeople’s Republicof KoreaOccupiedPalestinianTerritoryIraqi refugees inEgypt, Jordan,Lebanon and theSyrian Arab Republic
AfghanistanPakistan
Haiti
Niger
Chad
Sudan
Eritrea
YemenDjboutiPhilippinesSri Lanka
Côte d'IvoireColombiaLIberia
Central SouthAfrican SudanRepublicDemocraticRepublicof theCongo
EthiopiaSomaliaKenya
Zimbabwe
Madagascar
The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.
“While catastrophes do notdiscriminate, they mostseverely affect those least ableto withstand them: The mostvulnerable children, living inthe poorest and most isolatedplaces, subject to the greatestdeprivations.”—Anthony LakeUNICEF Executive Director
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ForewordIn Somalia, three-year-old Moktar watcheddrought claim his family’s livestock and crops,forcing them to leave their rural home foran uncertain future. By the time he reachedMogadishu, he was so severely malnourishedhe required immediate assistance. Fortunatelyhe received it. But far too many have not.Florence, a young teenager fleeing war andviolence in the Democratic Republic of theCongo, crossed the Ubangui River into theCentral African Republic only to be lost inthe jungle for weeks before being rescued andplaced in an emergency encampment.When monsoon floods returned to Pakistan’sSindh Province in August, 11-year-old Saima’shome was destroyed by the rising waters. Forweeks, she lived in a makeshift shelter on anembankment. Today, she and her family live ina crowded camp, but they consider themselveslucky: unlike many other such camps, theirshas clean water.In 2011, we saw with stark clarity the dev-astating toll such large-scale humanitariancrises take on the lives and futures of childrenlike Moktar, Florence and Saima. For whilecatastrophes do not discriminate, they mostseverely affect those least able to withstandthem: the most vulnerable children, living inthe poorest and most isolated places, subjectto the greatest deprivations.UNICEF’sHumanitarian Action for Children2012reports on the situation of millions ofsuch children around the world. It describesUNICEF’s efforts to assist them by workingwith our partners to distribute life-sustainingsupplies and assistance, provide technicalexpertise, help restore a sense of normalcy andbuild resilience for the future.For example, in Somalia, between July andSeptember 2011, UNICEF helped treat morethan 108,000 children suffering from severeacute malnutrition. During the same periodwe helped secure safe water for more than2.2 million people. And we helped vaccinate1.2 million children against measles.To improve our ability to respond to large-scale and sudden-onset emergencies, thisyear UNICEF has adopted and implementedstreamlined activation procedures to mobi-lize our human and financial resources morequickly and effectively. Such a response wasactivated in July in the Horn of Africa.Beyond UNICEF’s efforts in responding tocrises that require immediate and extraordi-nary measures, this report also highlights ourwork in countries where complex and long-standing emergency conditions endangerchildren’s lives and futures. These ‘silent emer-gencies’ do not make headlines, but theyshould. Because the well-being of millions ofchildren is at stake – from Colombia to theNiger, from the Democratic People’s Republicof Korea to Yemen – as is the stability andfuture strength of their societies.Every year brings new challenges, andUNICEF is determined to meet them. Doingso requires predictable, flexible funding. Sothis report includes projected resources neededto respond to emergencies in more than25 countries and territories, supported byseven UNICEF regional offices as well asUNICEF Global Headquarters. Predictableand flexible funds enable us to act quicklywherever and whenever crises occur.This report presents some of the most extremedifficulties faced by children, but it alsohighlights the promise of a timely and effec-tive response to their needs – malnourishedchildren restored to health, children in con-flict still able to learn, and all children, what-ever their circumstances, better able to realizetheir rights to survive and thrive.In 2012, this is a promise we must keep. Withyour support, we will.
Anthony LakeUNICEF Executive Director
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UNICEF Humanitarian ActionFunding Requirements for 2012REGION/COUNTRYFUNDING REQUIREMENTS FOR 2012 (US$)
EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICAEastern and Southern Africa Regional OfficeEritreaEthiopiaKenyaMadagascarSomaliaSouth SudanZimbabweWEST AND CENTRAL AFRICAWest and Central Africa Regional OfficeCentral African RepublicChadCôte d’IvoireDemocratic Republic of the CongoLiberiaThe NigerMIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICAMiddle East and North Africa Regional OfficeDjiboutiIraqi refugees in Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and the Syrian Arab RepublicOccupied Palestinian TerritorySudanYemenSOUTH ASIARegional Office for South AsiaAfghanistanPakistanSri LankaEAST ASIA AND THE PACIFICEast Asia and the Pacific Regional OfficeDemocratic People’s Republic of KoreaPhilippinesLATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEANThe Americas and the Caribbean Regional OfficeColombiaHaitiCENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE AND THECOMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATESCentral and Eastern Europe and theCommonwealth of Independent States Regional OfficeGLOBAL SUPPORT
TOTAL
11,915,00010,200,00058,339,00047,126,00020,950,000289,134,00062,500,00024,600,000524,764,00027,156,00011,018,00046,424,00026,929,000143,900,00025,929,00030,025,000311,381,0001,600,0008,390,00011,404,00015,436,00098,083,00049,807,000184,720,0003,990,00031,661,00088,400,00020,512,000144,563,0004,700,00022,428,00019,356,00046,484,00012,000,0006,200,00024,105,00042,305,000
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL
8,241,00021,900,000
GRAND TOTAL 1,284,358,000
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UNICEF Humanitarian ActionFunding Requirements for 2012UNICEF COUNTRY, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL FUNDING REQUIREMENTS FOR2012Source: UNICEF country offices, end 2011
SomaliaDemocratic Republicof the CongoSudanPakistanSouth SudanEthiopiaYemenKenyaChadAfghanistanNigerWest and Central AfricaRegional OfficeCôte d’IvoireLiberiaZimbabweHaitiDemocratic People'sRepublic of KoreaGlobal SupportMadagascarSri LankaPhilippinesOccupied Palestinian TerritoryLatin America and theCaribbean Regional OfficeEastern and Southern AfricaRegional OfficeIraqi refugeesCentral African RepublicEritreaDjiboutiCentral and Eastern Europe and theCommonwealth of IndependentStates Regional OfficeColombiaEast Asia and the PacificRegional OfficeRegional Office for South AsiaMiddle East and NorthAfrica Regional Office062.558.349.847.146.431.730.027.226.925.924.624.122.421.920.920.519.415.412.011.911.411.010.28.48.26.24.74.01.650
289.1143.998.188.4
100
150US$ millions
200
250
300
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IntroductionUNICEF’sHumanitarian Action for Children 2012describes the dailysituation of some of the world’s most vulnerable children and women inmore than 25 countries and territories beset by emergencies and crisis.The chapters include summaries of the key humanitarian challenges andthe results of the organization’s interventions in 2011, as well as plans andassociated funding requests for the coming year. The document also laysout the vital support to country operations provided by the seven UNICEFregional offices.1Also included are the unique contributions and fund-ing needs of UNICEF’s global efforts to coordinate emergency assistance.UNICEF’s humanitarianactions in 2011UNICEF’s capacity to meet the urgent needs ofchildren and their families was put to the testfrom the very first days of 2011, as violencestemming from the November 2010 electionsinCôte d’Ivoireled to the displacement ofnearly 1 million people. The country’s dam-aged infrastructure and blighted educationfacilities left many more children vulnerableto protection failures.2The long-planned separation ofSouth Sudanfrom theRepublic of the Sudanleft the newcountry to deal with conflict along the sharedborder, the displacement of 300,000 people andthe return of nearly 350,000 South Sudanese.3By the middle of 2011, extreme hunger andfamine were ravaging theHorn of Africa,affecting over 13 million people and killingtens of thousands of children inSomalia.4Another 750,000 children were at imminentrisk of death as of October 2011.5InPakistan,massive flooding in Sindh andBalochistan Provinces beginning in August2011 affected more than 5 million people,6forcing many from their homes and creating adeep food security crisis in the affected areas.7The wave of political turmoil and changethat swept the Middle East and North Africain 2011 caused widespread violence acrossLibyaandYemen,creating urgent humanitar-ian needs. In the first half of 2011, more than900,000 people fledLibya,primarily toEgyptandTunisia.8Throughout the world, millions of childrenare living amidst crises that persist for years.While some of these emergencies attract sig-nificant media and political attention, oth-ers never reach international awareness, andmany become ‘silent emergencies’ in which1
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deep humanitarian need, existing far from thepublic eye, is too easily and too quickly over-looked.9Multiple and drawn-out crises havea cumulative effect on people who are alreadyvulnerable, and over time, repeated and con-tinuing shocks undermine children’s capac-ity to cope. Many of the countries includedin this appeal report multiple risk factors –including economic shocks and food securityconcerns as well as natural hazards such asdrought and flooding – that are compoundedby security and protection concerns such asconflict, civil unrest, widespread sexual vio-lence and unexploded ordnance. Without areliable social safety net or the time and meansto recover and rebuild, many children, fami-lies, and communities suffer through repeatedcycles of crisis that deepen poverty, heightensocial tensions and compromise well-being.10In many protracted emergencies, crisis hasbecome the norm – but habituation to suchconditions makes them no less challengingfor children and families. In its humanitarianaction, UNICEF is committed to the fullestrealization of the rights ofallchildren’s inallemergency situations.In 2011, UNICEF humanitarian responsesupported vaccination, deworming and vita-min A supplementation for over 36 millionchildren. At least 1.2 million children suf-fering from severe acute malnutrition weretreated, and more than 19 million women and
as cluster lead or co-lead across sectors inmost of the countries in the 2011 appeal,UNICEF continued to coordinate extensivehumanitarian operations relating to water,sanitation and hygiene; nutrition; education;child protection; and gender-based violence.The breadth and depth of nutritional anddrought-related needs in theHorn of Africacompelled UNICEF to activate its highest levelof emergency response, rapidly mobilizingthe entire organization to funnel human andfinancial resources to meet needs inDjibouti,Ethiopia, KenyaandSomalia.Between Julyand October 2011 alone, 108,000 childrenwere treated for severe acute malnutrition.12Assistance reached drought-affected com-munities and displaced persons in camps andneighbouring areas. At least 1.2 million chil-dren were vaccinated against measles, and 2.2million people were provided with access tosafe water. Nearly 50,000 children were ableto access child-friendly spaces or other safeenvironments.13InPakistan,a second year of extreme flood-ing – in addition to ongoing conflict – neces-sitated a sustained, extensive and complexresponse. In flood-affected areas, sanitationfacilities were improved for nearly 3 millionpeople, and approximately 2 million peoplereceived safe drinking water. Polio vac-cines were provided to more than 6 millionchildren, and several million more receivedmeasles vaccines. Some 520,000 childrenwere treated for acute malnutrition in flood-and conflict-affected areas.To respond to food insecurity and high levelsof undernutrition in theDemocratic People’sRepublic of Korea,UNICEF in 2011 extendedthe scope of the Community Managementof Acute Malnutrition programme from 4 to29 emergency counties. Some 3,000 childrensuffering from severe acute malnutrition weretreated. UNICEF also provided routine vac-cination to more than 335,000 infants and339,400 pregnant women.InYemen,civil unrest exacerbated the diffi-cult circumstances of children and womenalready struggling to survive in conditions ofdeep poverty and political volatility. UNICEF
Many children, families, andcommunities suffer through repeatedcycles of crisis that deepen poverty,heighten social tensions andcompromise well-being.children received targeted nutritional support.More than 16 million people gained access tofacilities for adequate sanitation, hygiene orsafe drinking water. Nearly 2.3 million house-holds were provided with shelter or non-fooditems. Some 4 million children had access toimproved education, and over 920,000 wereable to access child protection services.11Working with multiple partners and serving
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supported community-based programmes totreat 36,000 children with moderate acutemalnutrition and provided nutrition suppliesto 37,000 children suffering from severe acutemalnutrition, helped vaccinate some 54,000children against measles, and provided vita-min A supplementation to more than 100,000children. Community and school-based ser-vices helped foster the psychosocial well-beinganother 102,000 children.Ongoing conflict in the east and northeast oftheDemocratic Republic of the Congo,occur-ring in a context of minimal or non-existentsocial services and infrastructure, has had aprofound impact on millions of people overmany years. As of June 2011, more than 1.5million people – half of them children – weredisplaced, slightly fewer than earlier in theyear.14Millions of children in conflict-affectedareas were out of school, while attacks involv-ing mass sexual violence were common insome provinces,15and measles and choleraepidemics threatened the lives of many mil-lions of children.16In 2011 UNICEF pro-vided access to adequate water, sanitation andhygiene facilities for 630,000 people. Morethan 95,000 children with severe acute malnu-trition were treated with supplies provided byUNICEF, and 5.6 million children were vac-cinated, dewormed or given vitamin A supple-ments. During the first three quarters of theyear, more than 15,000 survivors of sexualand gender-based violence (half of them chil-dren) were provided with services.In the midst of an ongoing cholera epidemicinHaiti,325,000 people in marginalized areasgained access to safe drinking water, and 2.2million benefitted from health and hygienecampaigns designed to prevent the spread ofthe water-borne disease. Long after the mediaspotlight on one of the major emergenciesof 2010 had dimmed, many needs stemmingfrom both the earthquake and the country’sbackstory of poverty remained. UNICEFand numerous partner organizations contin-ued to assist survivors of the quake and tookfurther steps to increase the resilience of themost vulnerable Haitians. In 2011, UNICEFhelped reunite 2,500 separated children withtheir families and established 160 temporaryschools to serve nearly 86,000 children.
Alongside immediate humanitarian response,measures were also taken to enhance the resil-ience of partners and communities, in order tohelp them better manage uncertainty and risk– in accordance withHumanitarian Actionfor Children 2011: Building resilience.TheChildren’s Charter on Disaster Risk Reduction,
Alongside immediate humanitarianresponse, measures were also takento enhance the resilience of partnersand communities, in order to help thembetter manage uncertainty and risk.promoted by UNICEF and non-governmentalorganizations, was advanced in more than20 countries. In six regions, education pro-grammes were used to promote risk reductionmeasures. In some countries – for exampleSouth SudanandSri Lanka– recovery pro-gramming included peace-building initiatives.In theHorn of Africa,a disaster risk reductionprogramming approach is the backbone of aninitiative to enhance longer-term resilience tomitigate the effects of future shocks. Such anapproach includes cross-sector planning, riskassessment, partnership, capacity develop-ment and an emphasis on linking national tolocal planning.The many positive results achieved by UNICEFin emergency settings in 2011 reflect its prin-cipled stewardship of funding received for2011 – even thoughHumanitarian Actionfor Children 2011was funded at only 48 percent as of 31 October 2011. Many responsesremained underfunded, leaving needs unmet.In thePhilippines,for example, only 18 percent of requirements were funded, so that only22,000 children of a planned 75,000 wereable to receive new school supplies to replacethose lost or damaged in the floods. InSouthSudan,with 36 per cent funding, 370,000people of a planned 500,000 were providedwith access to safe water; given the resourcesactually received, many water schemes couldnot be constructed or rehabilitated.17UNICEFneeds adequate funding in order to fulfil itscommitments towards children.
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Overall funding trends in 2011In 2011, UNICEF’s funding requirements forhumanitarian action totalled US$1.6 billion.This included the US$1.5 billion presented inthe 38 country, regional and global chaptersoutlined inHumanitarian Action for Children2011,in addition to six flash appeals and fourother appeals.18As of 31 October 2011, UNICEF had receivedUS$854.7 million for all its humanitarianactivities.19This amount reflects a 3 per centincrease over the 2010 humanitarian fundinglevel of US$830.9 million (as of 31 October2010). More than US$372 million (44 percent) of the 2011 humanitarian funding wascontributed to theHorn of Africaresponse,with the remaining US$482.6 million (56 percent) directed towards UNICEF’s other emer-gency operations.TheHumanitarian Action for Children 2011had an initial budget of US$1.4 billion thatwas revised mid-year to US$1.5 billion.The revised request was 48 per cent fundedas of 31 October 2011 (US$744.4 millionreceived), compared to 39 per cent during thesame period in 2010. The higher percentageof funding in 2011 can be attributed largelyto the funding received for the Horn of Africa.As shown in Figure 1.2, onlyYemenandthe West and Central Africa Regional Officereceived full funding in 2011. Most countriesexperienced funding shortfalls. UNICEF coun-try offices in theCongo, Iraq, Madagascar,TajikistanandUgandareceived less than10 per cent of their humanitarian fundingrequirements.UNICEF would like to acknowledge the contri-butions of its public and private sector donorsin supporting the children and vulnerablepopulations affected by humanitarian crisesthroughout the world. The largest proportionof humanitarian funding was received throughdirect financing from government donors (49per cent) while government funding via Multi-Donor Trust Funds (MTDFs) such as theCentral Emergency Response Fund (CERF),Common Humanitarian Funds (CHFs) andEmergency Response Funds (ERFs) pro-vided 18 per cent of the total humanitarian
FIGURE 1.1 EMERGENCY FUNDING TREND, 1999–2011Source: UNICEF Public-Sector Alliances and Resource Mobilization Office
12001000800US$ (millions)600
(A) Thematic (unearmarked) funds(B) Non-thematic (earmarked) funds(A+B) All emergency fundsFunding received for theHorn of Africa response
1,1291,023855735601529663
4434002000197199235240
391
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011*
* 2011 data as of 31 October 2011
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FIGURE 1.2 HUMANITARIAN ACTION FOR CHILDREN 2011: FUNDING REQUIREMENTSAND SHORTFALLS IN US$ AND PERCENTAGE OF FUNDS RECEIVEDSource: UNICEF Public-Sector Alliances and Resource Mobilization Office
Central and Eastern Europeand the Commonwealth ofIndependent States Regional OfficeTajikistanCongoGuatemalaEast Asia and the PacificRegional OfficeGlobal SupportMiddle East and NorthAfrica Regional OfficeUgandaIraq and Iragi refugeesEastern and Southern AfricaRegional OfficeThe Americas and theCaribbean Regional OfficeCameroonColombiaMyanmarKyrgyztan and UzbekistanMadagascarBurkina FasoBurundiPhilippinesDjiboutiDemocratic People’sRepublic of KoreaAfghanistanCentral African RepublicEritreaOccupied Palestinian TerritorySri LankaLiberiaZimbabwePakistanNigerChadCôte d’IvoireYemenSouth SudanWest and Central AfricaRegional OfficeSudanHaitiKenyaEthiopiaDemocratic Republic of the CongoSomalia0
5%9%4%12%29%3%28%7%2%13%7%41%14%13%20%9%18%38%18%73%25%25%50%59%62%85%42%13%16%44%40%50%103%36%152%31%47%87%79%51%86%100200US$ millions300Funding receivedShortfall
*As of 31 October 2011
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contributions. UNICEF’s national committeepartners provided 18.6 per cent of the fund-ing, while inter-governmental organisationssuch as the European Commission provided13.6 per cent of the funding. Local fundraisingthrough UNICEF field offices accounted forthe remaining 0.7 per cent of the total fundingreceived.20
third largest source of humanitarian funding.As of the end of October the top 10 donorsof humanitarian funding (shown in the chartbelow) accounted for approximately 74 percent of the contributions received by UNICEFfor its emergency operations.
2011 Thematichumanitarian fundsIn order to provide predictable and timelyprogrammatic and operational response inhumanitarian action, UNICEF needs flex-ible resources. However, only 17.8 per centof donor contributions for humanitarianaction, or US$152 million of the US$854.7million received by the end of October, wasprovided in the form of thematic humanitar-ian funding.Thematic humanitarian funding allowsUNICEF to respond more effectively tohumanitarian crises. This is particularly cru-cial for large-scale emergencies that requiresustained funding over a long duration – suchas theHorn of Africaresponse – as well as forconsistently underfunded, ‘silent emergencies’.Thematic funds provide the flexibility neededfor integrated early recovery approaches, and
Thematic humanitarian funding allowsUNICEF to respond more effectivelyto humanitarian crises. This isparticularly crucial for large-scaleemergencies that require sustainedfunding over a long duration.As of the end of October 2011, the EuropeanCommission had emerged as the largest sourceof humanitarian funding, with a total contri-bution of US$115.8 million. The governmentof the United States was the second largestfunding source, providing US$98.2 millionof humanitarian funding. The government ofJapan provided US$97.4 million and was the
FIGURE 1.3 TOP 10 SOURCES OF HUMANITARIAN FUNDS, 2011Source: UNICEF Public-Sector Alliances and Resource Mobilization Office
European CommissionGovernment of United StatesGovernment of JapanCERFGovernment of the United KingdomCommon Humanitarian FundsGovernment of AustraliaGovernment of SwedenGerman Committee for UNICEFFrench Committee for UNICEF02218102022.622.43040506070809010011033.332.3Thematic (unearmarked)Non-thematic (earmarked)48.764.998.297.497.1
115.8
120
US$ (millions)* As of 31 October 2011
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they further help UNICEF meet its commit-ments to humanitarian reform, in particularby upholding its leadership responsibilitiesunder the cluster approach.Thematic humanitarian funding for 2011 islower in dollar terms compared to 2010, whenthematic funds totalled US$278.5 million; how-ever, more than 90 per cent of the 2010 the-matic funds were provided for response to theearthquake inHaitiand the floods inPakistan,leaving only US$27.6 million for the remain-ing countries and regions. In 2011, two thirds(US$100.5 million) of the thematic humanitar-ian funds received were for theHorn of Africaresponse, while the remaining US$51.5 millionwas provided for other emergencies.Given the relatively high levels of thematiccontributions in response to the earthquake inHaitiand the floods inPakistanin 2010, aswell as to the currentHorn of Africacrisis, itis evident that donors recognize the benefitsof providing flexible funding for extremelylarge-scale emergencies. UNICEF would liketo encourage donors to consider contributingthematic humanitarian funds to all emergen-cies to provide the flexibility that is so crucialto effective humanitarian action.
In 2011, the top thematic donor was theGerman Committee for UNICEF, followedby the United States Fund for UNICEF andthe French Committee for UNICEF. UNICEFwould like to acknowledge all donors whoprovide thematic funding – and particularlyits national committee partners, who haveprovided 86 per cent of the thematic fundingreceived for 2011.UNICEF continues to urge its donors to pro-vide flexible humanitarian funding for allcountries, particularly at the global level.Next to regular resources, global thematichumanitarian funding is UNICEF’s preferredfunding modality. The amount received as glo-bal thematic humanitarian funding by the endof October (US$2.4 million) only represents2 per cent of the total thematic humanitar-ian funds received in 2011. Global thematichumanitarian funds allow the organizationto prioritize and respond strategically to theneeds of children worldwide. Using thesefunds, UNICEF can invest efficiently in newinitiatives; meet its commitments to humani-tarian reform, particularly its cluster leader-ship responsibilities; prioritize underfundedcrises; and build capacity. These actionsenable UNICEF to shift programmatic focus
FIGURE1.4TOP TEN DONORS – THEMATIC HUMANITARIAN FUNDSSource: UNICEF Public-Sector Alliances and Resource Mobilization Office
German Committee for UNICEFUnited States Fund for UNICEFFrench Committee for UNICEFGovernment of NorwayUnited Kingdom Committee for UNICEFIrish National Committee for UNICEFBelgian Committee for UNICEFCanadian UNICEF CommitteeSpanish Committee for UNICEFGovernment of Finland056.76.66.25.95.710US$ (millions)15208.811.418.918.4
22.1
25
* As of 31 October 2011
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from inputs and activities to outcomes andsustainable results for children.
UNICEF’s planned humani·tarian action in 2012 andassociated funding needsIn 2012, UNICEF expects to assist approxi-mately 97 million persons in the countries andterritories outlined inHumanitarian Actionfor Children 2012.21To carry out its plannedresponse, the organization will need US$1.28billion. Compared to the 2011 appeal,
nutrition support for children. (SeeFigure 1.5.)Approximately 20 per cent of the total requestis earmarked for emergency water, sanitationand hygiene-related interventions; 13 per centfor emergency health interventions; and 14 percent for education. Child protection accountsfor 8 per cent of the 2012 budget; 6 per centgoes towards shelter, non-food items and cashtransfer programmes, with an additional 6per cent towards emergency preparedness anddisaster risk reduction.23Cluster coordina-tion costs amount to 3 per cent of the globalbudget, while 1 per cent is dedicated to HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment.24Although the distribution of funding require-ments across sectors has been fairly constantover the past five years, in 2012 the fundingrequirement for nutrition has been increasedby 47 per cent, now representing 30 per centof total requirements, compared to 19 percent in 2011. This can largely be attributedto UNICEF’s response to the high rates ofsevere malnutrition in countries affected bysevere and consecutive droughts in theHornof Africa,theSahel beltandSouth Asia.The organization will maintain its extensiveeffort in theHorn of Africa,where under-nutrition continues to threaten hundreds ofthousands of children. Nearly one quarterof required funds in 2012 are dedicated toSomalia,reflecting the dire situation in thatcountry. Approximately 33 per cent of allrequested funds are for four countries experi-encing the combined effects of drought, high
Full funding for 2012 is needed in orderto meet the needs of vulnerable childrenand women and to fulfill their right tohealth, survival and development.launched in February 2011, this requirementhas decreased by 9 per cent, as the number ofcountry-specific appeals has been reduced from32 to 25.22Full funding for 2012 is needed inorder to meet the needs of vulnerable childrenand women and to fulfil their right to health,survival and development.Based on current programme plans for allthe countries included in this appeal, 30 percent of the 2012 request is needed for nutri-tion support: Every country included in thisappeal requires some type of emergency
FIGURE 1.5 HUMANITARIAN ACTION FOR CHILDREN 2012: PERCENTAGE OFUS$1.28 BILLION TOTAL FUNDING REQUIREMENT BY SECTOR2%6%6%30%14%
3%1%
8%20%
13%
383,861,000161,447,000251,880,00098,745,000177,352,0009,636,00033,446,00071,601,00074,490,00021,900,000$1,284,358,000
NutritionHealthWater, sanitation and hygieneChild protectionEducationHIV and AIDSCluster coordinationNon food items / shelter / cash transfersEmergency preparedness & disaster risk reductionGlobal supportTOTAL
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food prices and population movements in theHorn of Africa: Djibouti, Ethiopia, KenyaandSomalia;48 per cent of funds for these fourcountries go towards nutrition support.25Thenext largest amount is required for humani-tarian assistance in theDemocratic Republicof the Congo,accounting for 11 per cent ofthe total request, followed by theRepublic ofthe SudanandPakistan,which require 8 and7 per cent, respectively.By region, the greatest funding increases (andthe highest funding totals) in 2012 are forEastern and Southern Africa – owing to theHorn of Africacrisis – with West and CentralAfrica also seeing an increased funding require-ment, mainly because of higher requirementsforCôte d’Ivoire,theDemocratic Republicof the CongoandLiberia.Funding requestsin South Asia and Latin America and theCaribbean have decreased, primarily becausefunding needs forPakistanandHaitiare lower.UNICEF’s ability to undertake humanitarianassistance depends entirely on funding fromdonors. UNICEF gratefully acknowledgesdonors’ strong response during 2011 andinvites supporters to maintain or increase theircommitments to meeting the humanitarianneeds of children and women in emergenciesduring 2012.
12.Response to the Horn of Africa Emergency,p. 5.13. Ibid.14. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs,‘Mouvements de populations Avril-Juin 2011’, OCHA, Kinshasa, July2011, p. 1.15. Schmitt, Céline, ‘Des victimes congolaises de la violence sexuelleappellent la communauté internationale à l’aide’, Articles d’actualité,16 March 2011, http://rdc-humanitaire.net/attachments/article/744/HCR%20-%20Articles%20d’actualite%2016%20mars%202011%20%20Des%20victimes%20congolaises%20de%20la%20violenc,accessed 6 December 2011; van der Vaart, Marieke, ‘U.S. CondemnsCongo Sexual Violence after Soldiers Rape 248’, Washington Times, 6July 2011, www.washingtontimes.com/news/2011/jul/6/us-condemns-congo-sexual-violence-after-soldiers-r/, accessed 6 December 2011;Médicins Sans Frontières, ‘Mass Rape Expands Range and Depth of Vio-lence against Villagers in DRC’, 4 July 2011, www.msf.org/msf/articles/2011/07/mass-rape-expands-the-range-and-depth-of-violence-against-villagers-in-drc.cfm, accessed 6 December 2011.16. United Nations Children’s Fund, World Health Organization, and Min-istry of Public Health of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, ‘Décla-ration de l’épidemie de rougeole en RDC par le Ministre de la SantéPublique’, Press release, Kinshasa, 2 April 2011, www.who.int/hac/crises/cod/releases/rdc_communique_de_press_conjoint_2avril2011.pdf, accessed 6 December 2011; World Health Organization, ‘Situa-tion de l’épidemie de cholera le long du fleuve Congo, en RépubliqueDémocratique du Congo (RDC), au 30 aôut 2011’, WHO, Kinshasa, 30August 2011, www.who.int/hac/crises/cod/rdc_rapport_de_situation_30aout2011.pdf, accessed 6 December 2011.17. The examples highlighted in this report are based on informa-tion provided by UNICEF country and regional offices and are notexhaustive.18. Other appeals include Immediate Needs Documents and CentralEmergency Response Fund funding received for countries withoutinter-agency appeals. The six flash appeals were for El Salvador,Libya, Namibia, Nicaragua, Pakistan (floods) and Sri Lanka.19. All funding data reported is on an interim basis as of 31 October 2011.20. All funding data is indicative, the full donor compendium will beissued in March 2012, providing the full donor ranking for 2011.21. Based on information provided by UNICEF country offices in the textsincluded in this document. This figure includes 50 million childrenbenefitting from provision of vaccines. This does not include addi-tional beneficiaries assisted through regional offices.22. Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, the Congo, Guatemala, Kyrgyz-stan, Myanmar, Nepal, Tajikistan and Uganda had separate chaptersinHumanitarian Action for Children 2011.In 2012, any remainingfunds needed to allow these countries to respond to smaller-scaleemergencies and to support capacity building and early recoveryhave been included in the 2012 regional appeals. A separate chapterfor Liberia was included at mid-year in 2011. This year’sHumanitar-ian Action for Childrenincludes separate chapters for the Sudan andSouth Sudan.23. ‘HAC 2012 Funding Requirements 12 December’ based on informa-tion received from UNICEF country offices. Due to rounding, figuresmay not add up to 100 per cent.24. Prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS are mainstreamed into otherprogramme sectors in some of the countries.25. Based on an analysis of funding requests, by country and sector, forcountries included inHumanitarian Action for Children 2012.
1.
The regional offices provide technical support and also managefunding for residual, seasonal or contained humanitarian needs in 22countries.United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs,‘Emergency Humanitarian Action Plan: Côte d’Ivoire and neighbour-ing countries – Revision, 08 April 2011’, OCHA, New York and Geneva,8 April 2011, pp. 1–2, http://ochaonline.un.org/humanitarianappeal/webpage.asp?Page=1948, accessed 5 December 2011.United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs,‘Weekly Humanitarian Bulletin: 21–27 October 2011’, OCHA Sudan,2011, p. 3.United Nations Children’s Fund, ‘UNICEF and partners race to preventa second wave of death in the Horn of Africa’, Press release, UNI-CEF, Nairobi and Geneva, 28 October 2011, www.unicef.org/media/media_60288.html, accessed 5 December 2011.United Nations Children’s Fund Eastern and Southern Africa RegionalOffice,Response to the Horn of Africa Emergency: A crisis affectinglife, livelihoods and ways of life – Regional three-month progressreport,UNICEF, October 2011, p. 4, www.unicef.org/esaro/HOA_3_month_2011_Report__Final.pdf, accessed 6 December 2011.United Nations, ‘Multi-sector Needs Assessment 2011-Pakistan’,presentation, UN, 30 November 2011, p. 10, http://pakresponse.info/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=CraH1C3PyWQ%3d&tabid=41&mid=597,accessed 12 December 2011.Ibid., p. 4.United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees,Global Appeal2012–2013,UNHCR, Geneva, 1 December 2011, p. 132, http://www.unhcr.org/4ec23100b.html, accessed 11 December 2011.United Nations Children’s Fund, Global Investment Case on SilentEmergencies, UNICEF, Geneva, 30 June 2011, p. 2.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.8.
9.
10. Ibid.11. The examples highlighted in this report are based on informa-tion provided by UNICEF country and regional offices and are notexhaustive.
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2012UNICEF HUMANITARIAN ACTION FOR CHILDREN
Global Support for UNICEF
Global Support for UNICEFHumanitarian funding at workUNICEF responds to more than 250 humanitarian situ-ations on average each year. To provide effective, pre-dictable and timely support to humanitarian actionaccording to the Core Commitments for Children inHumanitarian Action (CCCs),1UNICEF provides globalsupport to country and regional offices facing emergen-cies by bolstering policy guidance, technical assistanceand logistical reinforcement so that colleagues and part-ners in the field may strengthen and improve humani-tarian assistance for millions of children in crisis.health in the Horn of Africa; HIV and AIDS in Haiti; nutri-tion in the Horn of Africa and Pakistan; and WASH in theHorn of Africa and the Philippines.Acting on lessons learned in 2010, UNICEF improved itsresponse and significantly reduced deployment timesby re-establishing its Human Resources in Emergen-cies Unit. Simplified standard operating proceduresfor human resources in emergencies adopted in late2010 are expediting recruitments and fast-track deploy-ments. Already, in the Horn of Africa, these improve-ments have contributed to a more effective response byensuring that the whole organization is working fromone set of agreed procedures along a tight timeline.UNICEF is also developing a retiree roster for emer-gency response, and regional rosters are being putin place – in the Horn of Africa, the majority of surgedeployments came from within the region and weremanaged at the regional level.In 2011, UNICEF also continued working with itsstandby partners. A total of 130 standby personnelwere deployed to support emergency response, withmissions ranging from several weeks to six months.In the Horn of Africa alone, a total of 35 staff weredeployed to four offices (Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenyaand Somalia). Other countries that benefited fromstandby partner support include Côte d’Ivoire, Libe-ria, Pakistan, the Sudan and Yemen. Building on asuccessful experience in the WASH sector, UNICEFpartnered with the Danish Refugee Council, the Nor-wegian Refugee Council and Save the Children Swe-den to establish a Rapid Response Team (RRT) tosupport child protection coordination at the onset ofan emergency.
STRENGTHENED SYSTEMS FOR EFFECTIVEEMERGENCY RESPONSEIn March 2011, UNICEF adopted the Corporate Emer-gency Activation Procedure (CEAP),2which strength-ens its humanitarian response, establishing a specificprocedure for dealing with large-scale, or Level 3,emergencies. Within the first 24 hours of a large-scale emergency, UNICEF’s Executive Director maynow activate the CEAP, which streamlines the chain ofcommand for global support and response and enactssimplified standard operating procedures. The CEAPalso activates the deployment of UNICEF’s Immedi-ate Response Team (IRT), which comprises expertsin key programme and operational sectors as well asexperienced team leaders who have trained togetherand are ready to deploy within 48 hours; prioritizessurge assignments to the emergency; and ensuresthat humanitarian performance-monitoring systemsare implemented. On 21 July 2011, the CEAP for Level3 was invoked for the first time, in the context of theHorn of Africa drought and nutritional crisis. With aclarified and unified chain of responsibility, UNICEFheadquarters, regional offices and country officeswere able to quickly mobilize staff and resources tomeet humanitarian needs across Djibouti, Ethiopia,Kenya and Somalia.
CLUSTER LEADERSHIPUNICEF is committed to being a strong and reliableleader and partner in humanitarian response. Globalcluster coordinator positions for child protection, edu-cation, nutrition and WASH will now be funded fromUNICEF’s regular resources to mainstream the costs ofcoordination at the global level. In an effort to strengthenUNICEF’s management of global cluster coordination,3these functions will be brought together under EMOPSand located in Geneva. With this shift, the organizationwill further strengthen its relationship with Inter-AgencyStanding Committee (IASC) partners and promotegreater efficiency and inclusiveness in the global coor-dination of clusters. Staff will be supervised by EMOPS’Deputy Director, ensuring a clear chain of responsibil-ity and access to senior-level management wheneverrequired. The new global cluster coordination unit willenhance performance and efficiency in leading clusters.
RAPID DEPLOYMENT TO SUPPORTHUMANITARIAN ACTIONIn 2011, UNICEF deployed more than 400 personnel toglobal emergencies, including crises in Côte d’Ivoire,the Horn of Africa and Libya. The members of UNICEF’sEmergency Response Team, a dedicated team of pro-fessionals managed by the Office of Emergency Pro-grammes (EMOPS) who spend their time in support ofemergencies at the field level, conducted 14 missionsfor humanitarian action. UNICEF increased capacity-building initiatives to strengthen technical response inemergencies, providing technical assistance to childprotection in Côte d’Ivoire, Chad, the Horn of Africa,Pakistan, the Philippines, the Republic of South Sudan,Thailand, Tunisia and Uganda; education in Afghani-stan, Liberia and the Occupied Palestinian Territory;
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This, coupled with increased efforts to raise awarenessamong country office management and staff, will ensureconsistent application of the cluster approach in emer-gencies. Support for cross-cluster initiatives through theIASC will also be strengthened.
ENHANCED TOOLS AND GUIDANCEThis year, progress has been made on filling gaps intools and guidance needed by country offices to sup-port humanitarian programmes and partnerships.Advisers deployed to the Central African Republic, theDemocratic Republic of the Congo, Mozambique, theOccupied Palestinian Territory and Yemen assisted inbuilding the technical capacity of staff and cluster part-ners on gender-equality services. The organization alsodeveloped a rapid assessment toolkit for child protec-tion, an alternative care in emergencies toolkit, andminimum standards on child protection in emergencies.UNICEF continues to train and orient partners on itsprogrammes and services, ensuring that an expandedpool of ‘field-ready’ surge capacity is available whenneeded. During 2011, UNICEF supported training at itsheadquarters for child protection, education, gender-based violence and WASH initiatives. UNICEF’s guide-lines were also revised to ensure risks to children aretaken into account at every stage of planning, resultingin programmes that include specific disaster risk reduc-tion interventions in high-risk countries. Updated train-ing in emergency preparedness and response, whichwill be rolled out next year, also promotes the effectiveintegration of humanitarian action with regular pro-grammes in all sectors.
and UNICEF’s long-term development programmes.Performance monitoring that measures UNICEF resultsagainst the CCC benchmarks will expand to target allnew emergencies as well as the largest protractedhumanitarian situations. Preparedness performancemonitoring will continue to cover all UNICEF countryoffices, with increased emphasis on quality in col-laboration with regional offices. To support this work,simple technology options are under development toimprove data accessibility and transfer in the field andto build better links with internal performance manage-ment dashboards, including electronically generatedelements of situation reports.
INVESTING IN NATIONAL CAPACITYUNICEF has renewed its goal of developing capacitiesat the national, district and community levels in orderto achieve results for children in line with the CCCs.Technical training to build capacity for humanitar-ian response will continue with UNICEF and nationalpartners on the ground, as well as standby partners. Inrecognition of the vital role that the community-basedhealth workforce plays in all phases of emergency riskmanagement, UNICEF will continue to support govern-ments and other partners working in 2012 to strengthenexisting health systems and provide resources thatreduce health risks and manage emergencies. Head-quarters has also provided direct mission support oncapacity development planning. Since 2010, five coun-tries were supported in the areas of supply and logistics(Uganda), emergency resilient education (Burundi andthe Republic of South Sudan), child protection (Leba-non) and water (Kenya). UNICEF will also continue tolead an interagency initiative to promote coherent andcoordinated capacity development of national and localactors on capacity development.
PERFORMANCE MONITORINGThe roll-out of the revised CCCs is continuing. As partof this effort, UNICEF is strengthening results-basedperformance monitoring aligned with the CCC frame-work. A Humanitarian Performance Monitoring Systemhas been developed to help country offices effectivelymonitor performance against response targets definedin alignment with the CCCs. The system is designedto strengthen performance data for stronger countryoffice management of UNICEF response and to contrib-ute to cluster and Humanitarian Country Team perform-ance management. It provides concrete performanceinformation for broader organizational accountabilityand meeting external information needs. Informa-tion collected through performance monitoring willbe fed into evaluation and knowledge managementprocesses to generate lessons learned and improvedresults at ground level. The system also includes moni-toring country-office levels of emergency prepared-ness through the Early Warning, Early Action system.In October 2011, the system review indicated that 58per cent of UNICEF country offices reported a high levelof preparedness, 17 per cent a medium level, and theremaining 25 per cent a low level.In 2012, UNICEF will make identifying the key causesof deprivation, vulnerability and risk to children a pri-ority. It will also track its progress in addressing thosecauses. This focus will strengthen the integration ofdisaster risk reduction into both humanitarian action
EXTENDING ITS REACH IN HIGH-THREATENVIRONMENTSUNICEF worked to revise security policies in orderto improve its delivery of humanitarian assistance towomen and children in volatile environments. In 2012,a new methodology will be used in 12 country offices toassess the necessity of aid against acceptable securityrisks to staff, allowing higher levels of risk when the livesof children and women are at stake on a large scale.This will create significant positive changes in UNICEF’soutreach for women and children in high-risk areas. In2011, UNICEF headquarters provided technical supporton programmes in Afghanistan, Kenya and Pakistan.Global support for country offices operating in high-threat environments is expected to increase in 2012.UNICEF will offer training exercises to country officesin how best to balance security risk with programmecriticality and create an e-tool to ensure that theseexercises can continue in the future with little or noexternal support.To further strengthen the capacity of UNICEF countryoffices to deliver programmes in complex environments,headquarters will continue to provide on-demand sup-port in the areas of international humanitarian lawand engagement with non-state entities. Innovations
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and experiences in remote programmes will be docu-mented and made available for country reference andothers in the field. The use of cash-based modalitiesto deliver assistance is spreading in UNICEF and driv-ing innovations in the manner in which humanitarianoutcomes for children and women are delivered. Forexample, in Somalia in 2011, about 13,000 householdsreceived a cash grant or food voucher, and plans for2012 include distributing cash transfers or vouchers to50,000 vulnerable households for necessities such asfood, water and health care.
seeking US$21.9 million to complement the existingUS$19.2 million4that has already been earmarked forthis purpose from UNICEF’s core budget and other gen-erous contributions from donors.UNICEF will continue to strengthen its ability to respondrapidly and efficiently to large-scale humanitarian emer-gencies, ensure implementation of strategic approaches,work with national governments, provide technical sup-port, and strengthen predictable and effective humani-tarian action through clusters.To carry out its responsibilities to children and familiesin crisis situations and provide sustainable globalsupport to regional and country offices, UNICEF ispursuing secure and predictable funding for the global-level work outlined here.
CONFLICT-SENSITIVE PROGRAMMINGAND DISASTER RISK REDUCTIONUNICEF headquarters has developed conflict-sensitiveprogrammes to mitigate the impact of crises and tai-lor humanitarian response to specific emergencies.By improving conflict analysis, UNICEF may use theinformation gained to provide programmes that pro-mote peace and stability, while focusing on traditionalareas of intervention. This work is tied to an organiza-tional priority to mitigate the impact of humanitarianshocks on women and children. In both regular countryprogrammes and humanitarian contexts, UNICEF willcontinue to develop capacity to build resilience andreduce risks. This year, headquarters provided directsupport on disaster risk reduction in the Horn of Africa,Kazakhstan and Mozambique, along with support tointegration issues in Côte d’Ivoire and the Republic ofSouth Sudan. A study on the impact of education andpeace-building was undertaken in 2011, further sup-porting the need for such future programmes.
1.2.
United Nations Children’s Fund, Core Commitment for Children inHumanitarian Action, UNICEF, New York, May 2010.UNICEF’s Corporate Emergency Activation Procedure, CF/EXD/2011-001, 21 March 2011. The Corporate Emergency Activation Procedure(CEAP) categorizes UNICEF’s humanitarian response into three levels:– Level 1: a country office can respond using its own staff, funding,supplies and resources;– Level 2: a country office receives some outside support from head-quarters, regional office, other country office; and– Level 3: an institution-wide mobilization is called for. Level 3 isdefined on the basis of five criteria: scale, urgency, complexity,capacity and reputational risk.
3.
FUNDING REQUIREMENTSUNICEF requires a total of US$41.1 million in 2012 tosupport an effective and integrated response to today’sglobal humanitarian crises. Out of this total, UNICEF is4.
UNICEF is currently assigned the global leadership of the WASH andnutrition cluster, as well as the child protection area of responsibil-ity (under the global protection cluster), co-leadership of the edu-cation cluster with International Save the Children Alliance, as wellas co-leadership of the gender-based violence area of responsibility(under the global protection cluster) with the United Nations Popula-tion Fund. UNICEF also contributes to the funding of the co-chairposition within the IASC Mental Health and Psychosocial SupportReference Group.The funded amount of US$19.2 million does not include a pledgeagainst 2012 requirements from the Government of the United King-dom (GBP – 4 million), nor the contribution from the Government ofNorway (NOK 15 million) received in December 2011.
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Eastern and Southern AfricaERITREA • ETHIOPIA • KENYA • MADAGASCAR • SOMALIA • SOUTH SUDAN • ZIMBABWE
Eastern and Southern AfricaCHILDREN AND WOMEN IN CRISISExtreme poverty, frequent natural disasters, political instability and uncertain economic conditionsleave children and women in Eastern and Southern Africa particularly vulnerable to life-alteringemergencies, including undernourishment, abuse and disease. This year’s severe drought in theHorn of Africa, combined with soaring food prices and the conflict in Somalia, has caused famine insome regions of Somalia and taken a harsh toll on children. More than 13 million people are in needof humanitarian assistance throughout the Horn, with 36 per cent of children under 5 in southernSomalia suffering from acute malnutrition.1The legacy of decades of war poses significant humani-tarian challenges in the new Republic of South Sudan, stretching the capacity of deteriorated infra-structure and very limited basic services.Early 2012 forecasts highlight the likelihood of significant flood risk and possible cyclone activity,posing a particular danger for countries along the Zambezi River. Burundi faces increasing food inse-curity as well as outbreaks of cholera and measles, while Uganda remains vulnerable to drought,floods and refugee influxes. Of the total number of people living with HIV worldwide in 2009, 34 percent resided in 10 countries of Southern Africa, where adolescent women are eight times more likelyto be infected than male counterparts,2making women and children significantly more vulnerable
Extreme poverty,frequent naturaldisasters, politicalinstability anduncertain economicconditions makechildren and womenin Eastern and South-ern Africa particularlyvulnerable to life-altering emergencies.Severe drought inthe Horn of Africa,combined withsoaring food pricesand the conflict inSomalia, has causedfamine in someregions of Somaliaand taken a harsh tollon children.
MEETING URGENT NEEDS IN 2012The Regional Office will continue to advocate for the rights of children in emergencies across bor-ders. In coordination with UN agencies, NGOs and regional institutions, the emergency support unitand technical teams at the regional level will ensure technical support and quality assurance forhumanitarian work, including partnership with UNHCR in refugee camps settings. Early Warning,Early Action systems will be used to increase preparedness and improve response to displacementand health crises. Efforts will also include:
• Elevated staffing levels will be maintained to support emergency response and early recoveryprogramming in the Horn of Africa and, in the event of significant flooding, in Southern Africa.gency preparedness and response, in order to monitor and prevent epidemic-prone diseases.
• Supplies will be pre-positioned and technical and operational guidelines provided for health emer-• The management of acute malnutrition and other nutrition interventions in high-risk countries willbe supported and expanded; and the nutrition community will be helped at country level to reducedisaster risk and improve early response to crises.response sessions conducted in cholera preparedness to contribute to a more timely and adequateresponse.of Africa and the Great Lakes to assist children associated with armed groups, separated children,and child migrants in Southern Africa.countries in Southern Africa.
• WASH in Emergencies training will be coordinated and several technical WASH emergency• Child protection interventions will be strengthened within countries and across borders in the Horn
• HIV-based emergency preparedness capacity development events will be conducted for high-riskBurundiIn the face of the risk of increased insecurity and political violence, UNICEF will strengthen health,nutrition and WASH service delivery in response to the high levels of chronic food insecurity andrepeated outbreaks of cholera and measles.UgandaUNICEF will strengthen decentralized emergency preparedness and response capacity in orderto reduce the vulnerability of communities to drought and floods and prepare for possible refugeeinfluxes due to insecurity in neighbouring countries, especially the Democratic Republic of the Congo.Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia and ZambiaIn preparation for significant flood risk and possible cyclone activity, UNICEF country offices willsupport training of partners and strengthening of sector/cluster coordination mechanisms, as wellas contribute to national capacities for disaster management. With a significant risk of disease out-breaks associated with floods, the country offices are focusing on readiness for WASH and healthresponse, as well as child protection and emergency education.SwazilandUNICEF will strengthen support to essential health services for orphans and vulnerable children inresponse to a major financial crisis that is triggering increased political uncertainty and threateningto undermine education and health services, including safety net programmes. The country also con-tinues to experience a variety of hazards associated with extreme weather conditions and increaseddisease burden due to communicable diseases such as cholera, HIV and AIDS, and drug-resistanttuberculosis.
1.2.
United Nations Children’s Fund, ‘Response to the Horn Of Africa Emergency: A crisis affecting life, livelihoods and ways of life’,UNICEF Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Office, Nairobi, October 2011, pp. 4, 7.Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, ‘Global Reports: UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic 2010’, UNAIDS,Geneva, 2010, pp. 10, 28.
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EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICAEritrea
HUMANITARIANFUNDING AT WORK:HIGHLIGHTS FROM 2011Response to the nutrition crisisin the Horn of Africa dominatedthe second half of 2011, withUNICEF’s first-ever declared multi-country corporate emergency.Led by the Regional Director, whowas appointed Global EmergencyCoordinator for the crisis, theregional team provided technicalsupport and ensured a coherentstrategy across Djibouti, Ethiopia,Kenya and Somalia.In response to the revised Human-itarian Action for Children requestof US$7,450,000 issued in July, atotal of US$963,863 (13 per cent)had been received by October2011 with the support of donors.An operations centre, establishedin Nairobi, provided and sharedreal-time information and morethan 176 personnel were part of asurge response. UNICEF countryoffices procured more thanUS$73 million worth of emer-gency supplies.The regional team also focusedon disaster risk reduction acrossprogramme sectors. The capacityof national education institutionswas strengthened in disasterrisk reduction and emergencypreparedness and response inBurundi and Lesotho.The WASH team focused oncholera risk, developing responseguidelines for use across theregion, and also promoted low-cost, high-impact interventionsto reduce the risk of diarrhoealoutbreaks.The nutrition team initiated thedevelopment of a regional frame-work for the integrated manage-ment of acute malnutrition.
SouthSudan
Ethiopia
SomaliaUgandaRwandaBurundiTanzaniaKenyaUndetermined boundary*Abyei region*** Final boundary between the Republic of Sudan and theRepublic of South Sudan has not yet been determined.** Final status of the Abyei area is not yet determined.
ComorosAngolaZambiaMalawiMozambiqueMadagascar
ZimbabweNamibiaBotswana
The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations
Swaziland
South Africa
Lesotho
The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.
FUNDING REQUIREMENTS FOR 2012UNICEF is requesting US$3,002,000 to continue coordinating humanitarian work in the region. Thisincludes scaled-up support for the Horn of Africa nutrition crisis through mid-2012 and continuedsupport to reduce risk and respond to disasters in the rest of the region. Prompt and full funding isalso important to ensure a smooth transition from emergency to longer-term support. An additionalUS$8,913,000 is requested to prepare for and respond to humanitarian needs in Angola, Burundi,Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Swaziland, Uganda, and Zambia. The total requirements amount toUS$11,915,000.
More information on humanitarian action planned for 2012 can be found at www.unicef.org/hac2012 and the regional office website at www.unicef.org/esaro.
UNICEF HUMANITARIAN NEEDS FOR 2012(in US dollars)
500,0002,353,000400,0001,060,000300,000350,0003,450,000500,0008,913,000
AngolaBurundiMalawiMozambiqueNamibiaSwazilandUgandaZambiaSUBTOTAL
Countries
510,000Nutrition261,000Health280,000Water, Sanitation561,000344,000446,000600,0003,002,000SUBTOTAL$11,915,000TOTAL
Regional Office
and HygieneChild ProtectionEducationDisaster risk reductionEmergency coordination
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EritreaCHILDREN AND WOMEN IN CRISISChildren and women in Eritrea remain vulnerable to poverty and food insecurity resulting fromdrought and the continued political impasse with neighbouring Ethiopia. UNICEF is taking a leadrole in assisting 370,000 children affected by these emergencies within the humanitarian sectors ofhealth, nutrition, and water and sanitation. Despite changes in the level of cooperation between theUnited Nations and the Government of Eritrea and the limited number of partnerships within thecountry, UNICEF remains a critical broker between the Government and bilateral donors in improvingthe well-being of the vulnerable population, especially children and women.
MEETING URGENT NEEDS IN 2012Although a lack of updated and reliable data on the humanitarian situation remains a challenge,field observations indicate dire humanitarian consequences for children and women due to con-tinuing levels of undernutrition, poor sanitation coverage and physical risks associated with expo-sure to landmines and unexploded ordnance. Although the cluster approach has not been activatedin Eritrea, UNICEF plays a lead role in the nutrition and WASH sectors and actively participates inthe health and child protection sectors. In 2012, UNICEF will support the Government of Eritrea inresponding to humanitarian needs to achieve the following goals:
HUMANITARIANFUNDING AT WORK:HIGHLIGHTS FROM 2011In 2011, UNICEF estimated thatUS$14,075,000 was needed tofund its work in Eritrea. As ofend October 2011, US$8,247,480(59 per cent) had been received.Complemented by other fundingsources, UNICEF Eritrea achievedresults for women and children.Measles vaccination was given to72.5 per cent of children under 1.Nearly 9,000 out of an estimated12,800 children with severeacute malnutrition were treatedin facility- and community-based therapeutic feedingprogrammes, and more than21,000 out of 67,500 moderatelymalnourished children werereached through supplementaryfeeding programmes. Some8,000 out of a programmatic goalof 20,000 people gained accessto safe drinking water in theAnseba, Gash Barka and Maekelregions. UNICEF reached its goalof 10,000 vulnerable familiesor newly resettled families/returnees in Debub and GashBarka having access to sanitationthrough the Community-LedTotal Sanitation approach. Nearly13,000 out of 21,000 out-of-school children gained accessto education through mobileschools and complementaryeducation programmes in theAnseba, Gash Barka, NorthernRed Sea and Southern Red Searegions. Approximately 260,000out of 300,000 children 6–18 yearsold and 13,000 out of 100,000women living in war-impactedcommunities received mine-riskeducation.
• Some 21,000 pregnant or breastfeeding women and 300,000 children under 5 will benefit from
community-based outreach and fixed health facilities to reduce child and maternal morbidity andmortality.breastfeeding women will be prevented in six high-risk regions.
• Further deterioration in the nutritional status of 370,000 children under 5 and 40,000 pregnant or• Access to safe drinking water will be expanded for nearly 13,000 children living in 10 rural com-munities, and essential hygiene practices will be promoted to 327,000 pre-primary and elementaryschoolchildren.receive psychosocial support and strengthened mine-risk education.
• Approximately 150,000 children in three regions (Debub, Gash Barka and Northern Red Sea) willFUNDING REQUIREMENTS FOR 2012UNICEF is requesting US$10,200,000 to support life-saving interventions in the sectors of health,nutrition, WASH and child protection for the 370,000 children suffering from ongoing poverty, foodinsecurity and natural hazards such as droughts and floods. The consequences of underfunding aresignificant, and include a potential nutritional crisis among children, as is the case in other countrieswithin the Horn of Africa.
More information on humanitarian action planned for 2012 can be found at www.unicef.org/hac2012 and the country office website at www.unicef.org/eritrea.
UNICEF HUMANITARIAN NEEDS FOR 2012(in US dollars)
4,300,000600,0004,200,0001,100,000$10,200,000
NutritionHealthWater, sanitation and hygieneChild protectionTOTAL
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EthiopiaCHILDREN AND WOMEN IN CRISISDry weather induced by La Niña worsened Ethiopia’s humanitarian situation in 2011. The number ofEthiopians in need of food assistance between July and December 2011 increased to 4.5 million, froman earlier assessment of 2.8 million.1Poor seasonal rains from October to December 2010, followedby failed rains from February to May 2011, diminished water and pasture resources in Ethiopia’ssouthern and south-eastern regions, including major parts of Somali, Oromiya and SNNPR (SouthernNations, Nationalities, and People’s Region).Food insecurity in 2011 further threatened more than 250,000 children who suffer from severe acutemalnutrition.2Shortages of clean water contributed to outbreaks of acute watery diarrhoea, measlesand malaria, which were exacerbated by poor access to health services, particularly in Afar andSomali regions. Drought also led to 87,000 school dropouts and closure of more than 300 schools,primarily in Afar, Oromiya and Somali regions.3Since January 2011, more than 96,000 refugees arrived from Somalia and 25,000 from the Sudan.In total, there are more than 137,000 Somali refugees living in four camps in Dollo Ado district.4Theinflux of refugees put additional burdens on the limited resources as well as social services availablein the district, including water and health facilities.
HUMANITARIANFUNDING AT WORK:HIGHLIGHTS FROM 2011As of end October 2011, UNICEFhad received US$60,912,462(79 per cent) of the requestedUS$76,628,028 for 2011. Withthose funds, UNICEF accom-plished the following: increasedthe number of health centres ableto treat children with severe acutemalnutrition by 1,000; treated221,000 children for severeacute malnutrition and reachedmore than 8 million childrenwith vitamin A supplementation,deworming tablets and nutritionscreening; supported 27 mobilehealth and nutrition teams in theAfar and Somali regions, whichprovided 154,341 consultations,including close to 57,000 forchildren under 5; reduced theexpected acute watery diarrhoealcaseload with preventionand rapid response efforts inpilgrimage and migration sites;reached 6.9 million children in asub-national measles campaign;provided access to clean waterfor more than 1 million people,including 167,100 children under5, in drought-affected areas;improved WASH facilities atmore than 100 health centresand 39 schools to benefit about607,000 people, including 97,000children under 5 and 32,700students; provided access toeducation for 50,000 children;reached more than 4,000 childrenin SNNPR through communitycare coalitions; and supportedtechnical expertise and providedsupplies in refugee camps inDollo Ado and Assossa.
MEETING URGENT NEEDS IN 2012As lead of the nutrition and WASH clusters and co-lead of the education cluster, UNICEF will build thecapacity of line ministries to ensure stronger coordinated preparedness and response and will contributeto the survival and development of children in areas affected by drought, flooding and public healthhazards. UNICEF will partner with the Government of Ethiopia, other UN agencies, and national and inter-national NGOs to provide emergency relief to an estimated 7 million people, including 6 million children.• Approximately 5 million children affected by drought, floods and other emergencies will benefitfrom life-saving interventions, including measles immunization, vitamin A supplementation anddeworming tablets. An additional 280,000 children will receive treatment for severe acute malnutri-tion through technical and supply support to more than 9,000 therapeutic feeding programmes.• Access to safe water will be provided to approximately 1.3 million people, including 200,000children under 5, through new and improved water supply schemes, water treatment chemicals oremergency water trucking. Hygiene and sanitation messages for acute watery diarrhoeal preven-tion will benefit 2 million people.• UNICEF will help build the capacity of sustainable health systems in Afar and Somali regions, whilecontinuing to support responses to disease outbreaks, benefiting an estimated 500,000 people,including 150,000 children.• Approximately 60,000 emergency-affected children will continue their education with the supportof educational materials, and 230,000 children will have access to improved quality educationthrough teacher training.• The establishment and strengthening of community-based structures for the most vulnerable chil-dren and women in the drought- and flood-affected woredas (districts) of Afar, Amhara, Gambella,Oromiya, SNNPR, Somali and Tigray regions, will benefit an estimated 15,000 refugee childrenwith the prevention of family
FUNDING REQUIREMENTS FOR 2012UNICEF requests US$58,339,000 for emergency activities in Ethiopia. This amount represents 24 percent less than the requested amount in 2011 due to the relatively good rains during the second half of2011, which are expected to improve food security in 2012, as well as the fewer number of new refugeesexpected from Somalia. Prompt and adequate funding is crucial; otherwise, more than 200,000 childrenwill not receive life-saving treatment for malnutrition, some 150,000 children living in remote parts ofSomali and Afar regions will not access health services, and about 1.3 million people, including 200,000children under 5, will have reduced/constrained access to safe drinking water. In addition, some 60,000children in drought-affected areas may be forced to discontinue their primary education.
More information on humanitarian action planned for 2012 can be found at www.unicef.org/hac2012 and the country office website at www.unicef.org/ethiopia.1.2.3.4.Government of Ethiopia, United Nations Country Team in Ethiopia and United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Af-fairs, ‘Humanitarian Requirements 2011: Joint Government and Humanitarian Partners’ Document’, OCHA, Addis Ababa, July 2011, p. 4.United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, ‘Humanitarian Bulletin: Weekly humanitarian highlights inEthiopia’, OCHA, Geneva and New York, 14 November 2011, p. 1.‘Humanitarian Requirements 2011’, OCHA, Addis Ababa, July 2011, p. 13.Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, ‘Dollo Ado Population Statistical Report as of 21 November 2011’,UNHCR, Geneva, p. 1.
UNICEF HUMANITARIAN NEEDS FOR 2012(in US dollars)
32,328,0006,405,00013,063,0001,150,0003,260,000200,0001,933,000$58,339,000
NutritionHealthWater, Sanitation and HygieneChild ProtectionEducationHIV and AIDSCluster coordinationTOTAL
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KenyaCHILDREN AND WOMEN IN CRISISSuccessive seasons of poor rainfall and rising food and fuel prices have left about 3.75 million peoplein Kenya in need of food and assistance.1More than 385,000 children under 5 suffer from undernu-trition,2making them more susceptible to communicable disease. Nearly 2 million people in the 29districts worst affected by drought do not have access to safe water.3The movement of populationsin search of pasture has affected the education of 508,000 primary schoolchildren4and resulted in theseparation of children from their families. In 2011, more than 150,000 refugees fled Somalia, seekingprotection and assistance in camps already operating beyond capacity. The most recent Somali influxhas brought the refugee population to more than 460,000.5Undernutrition rates in the refugee campsare alarmingly high, with 23,200 children moderately or severely malnourished,6while threats to theprotection, education and health of women and children abound. Forecasts indicate a likelihood ofpoor rainfall in early 2012 that could further constrain recovery efforts. No significant return of Somalirefugees is anticipated in the near term.
MEETING URGENT NEEDS IN 2012HUMANITARIANFUNDING AT WORK:HIGHLIGHTS FROM 2011According to the mid-2011revised request, US$47,791,121was needed during the past yearto meet urgent humanitarianneeds. As of end October 2011,US$41,565,305 – or 87 per cent –had been received. This amountallowed UNICEF to achievemany humanitarian objectivesto help women and children,including treatment for severeacute malnutrition that benefitedmore than 45,000 children,representing 80 per cent of theexpected caseload. Access tosafe water was provided for 1.25million people, reaching 78 percent of the programme objective,and hygiene education and watertreatment supplies were providedfor 1.2 million people. Animproved school environment for120,000 children was supportedthrough supplies and WASHfacilities. The measles vaccinewas given to more than 1 millionchildren (70 per cent coverage)in drought-affected areas and anadditional 250,000 children fromrefugee and host communitiesfor a coverage rate of more than85 per cent. Integrated protectiveservices through child-friendlyspaces in Dadaab refugee campswere afforded to more than62,000 children.UNICEF will continue to work with the Government of Kenya, other UN agencies and NGOs toimprove and sustain humanitarian programmes reaching the most vulnerable populations affectedby the drought and refugee crises while using disaster risk reduction strategies to build resilienceagainst future shocks. UNICEF will continue to support government-led coordination, by co-chairingsector working groups7in nutrition, education, WASH and child protection. UNICEF aims to reachan estimated 1.4 million children (720,000 boys and 728,000 girls) as well as 750,000 women withhumanitarian programmes in 2012.
• Increased coverage of integrated high-impact nutrition interventions, including management of
moderate and severe malnutrition, infant and young child feeding and micronutrient supplemen-tation, will benefit 375,000 children under 5 affected by severe and moderate acute malnutrition.against measles, and more than 700,000 will have access to essential integrated health services,including immunization, prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and emergency obstet-ric care. Measles immunization coverage of newly arrived refugees will rise to 95 per cent.bilitation/establishment of water supplies, hygiene promotion, household water treatment, andsanitation in schools and health facilities.have access to quality education.
• An estimated 85 per cent of children under age 5 in drought-affected districts will be vaccinated
• Some 2.1 million people will be reached through a combination of interventions including: reha-• More than 360,000 children, including new refugees and children in drought-affected areas, will• An estimated 450,000 children affected by drought and conflict will be protected from separationor reunified with family and will have access to protective services, including response to gender-based violence.
FUNDING REQUIREMENTS FOR 2012UNICEF is requesting US$47,126,000 for its humanitarian programmes in 2012. UNICEF has alignedits request with the 2012 Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP) requirements. Without sufficient fund-ing, the high levels of programme coverage attained in 2011 may not be maintained and will result inincreased morbidity and mortality for women and children.
More information on humanitarian action planned for 2012 can be found at www.unicef.org/hac2012 and the country office website at www.unicef.org/kenya.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, ‘Kenya Emergency Humanitarian Response Plan 2012’, forth-coming. OCHA, New York and Geneva, p. 1.Ibid.WESCOORD, ‘Kenya: Drought affected populations – 7 October 2011’, available at www.wescoord.or.ke.United Nations Children’s Fund, Situation Report UNICEF Kenya #6, 17 – 23 August 2011, UNICEF, Kenya, 28 August 2011.Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, ‘Weekly New Registration Population Composition: 17/10/11 –23/10/11’, UNHCR, Dadaab, Kenya, 2011.Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, ‘UNHCR Nutrition Surveys, Daaab, August-September 2011. GAMrates range between 17.2 per cent and 23.2 per cent.Sector working groups lead by the Government of Kenya and co-chaired by UNICEF perform ‘cluster functions.’
UNICEF HUMANITARIAN NEEDS FOR 2012(in US dollars)
18,751,0004,683,00011,684,0004,197,0006,821,000990,000$47,126,000
NutritionHealthWater, sanitation and hygieneChild protectionEducationCluster coordinationTOTAL
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MadagascarCHILDREN AND WOMEN IN CRISISPoverty, geography and political crisis have combined to create a cycle of suffering for the womenand children of Madagascar, which is one of the world’s poorest countries, ranking 135 out of 169,according to the 2010 Human Development Report.1Poverty is exacerbated by a vulnerable geo-graphical location and topography, which expose the country to various natural hazards, includingtropical cyclones, flooding and drought. Between 2002 and 2011, Madagascar was hit by a total of 22cyclones affecting close to 3 million people, including an estimated 540,000 children under age 5.2Inaddition, an ongoing political crisis has resulted in the suspension of most external assistance to thecountry and has reduced the capacity of Malagasy authorities to effectively respond to emergencies.
MEETING URGENT NEEDS IN 2012UNICEF, together with partners including the Malagasy authorities, other UN agencies and NGOs, willfocus on assisting the most vulnerable children and women in areas prone to cyclone and flooding.As lead of the education, nutrition and WASH clusters and child protection sub-cluster, as well as aparticipant in the health cluster, UNICEF expects to reach more than 1 million people and about 504,000children, including 247,000 girls and 257,000 boys under age 5.
HUMANITARIANFUNDING AT WORK:HIGHLIGHTS FROM 2011UNICEF had receivedUS$1,630,413 (9 per cent) asof end October towards therequested US$19,050,000for humanitarian work inMadagascar. Donor funding,complemented by the use ofpre-positioned stocks and regularresources, helped UNICEF achieveresults. In cyclone-affectedareas, in collaboration with localeducation authorities and localNGO Fiangonan’i Jesosy KristyMadagasikara, UNICEF supportedthe installation of 411 temporaryclassrooms, which benefited23,000 schoolchildren. The WASHcluster disinfected 901 waterpoints following the cyclones,benefiting some 51,000 people,of which UNICEF disinfected 188water points, which benefitednearly 24,000 people.In response to the politicalcrisis, psychosocial supportand assistance was providedthrough 18 child-friendly spacesin Antananarivo, reachingmore than 2,000 children daily.Additional assistance wasprovided through the integratedunit at the maternity hospitalfor child victims of violence.Access to health care in the threesouthern regions was improvedwhen UNICEF met its target ofproviding essential medicinesfor 129,000 children under age5 in 8 districts. The diagnosisand treatment of severe acutemalnutrition in 9 districts insouthern Madagascar benefitedmore than 7,000 childrenunder age 5 through July withcommunity-based managementof malnutrition. The referralsystem was strengthened throughthe training of 3,000 communityhealth workers.
• UNICEF and its partners will maintain the capacity of the local health authorities to treat nearly• UNICEF and its partners will maintain the capacity of the local health authorities to treat nearly
16,000 children 6–59 months old for severe acute malnutrition through a community-based man-agement model.16,000 children 6–59 months old for severe acute malnutrition through a community-based man-agement model.ventive and curative care for diseases, such as acute respiratory infection, fever and diarrhoea,through the provision of essential drugs, vaccines and commodities delivered to health centres incyclone-affected areas. In addition, two rounds of nationwide polio campaigns will be conductedfor children 0–59 months old.sanitation through household water purification products, adequate collection and storage con-tainers, access to emergency water points and improved latrines.struct an estimated 410 temporary learning spaces for 28,000 children whose schooling has beendisrupted by flooding and drought.southern regions of Madagascar in order to decrease violence and abuse of youth and to empowerchild-protection stakeholders and young people in emergencies.vention, care and treatment and post-exposure prophylaxis related to risk behaviours for HIV andsexually transmitted infections in the high-risk areas of Brickaville, Fenerive-Est, Sonierana Ivongoand Tamatave.
• Some 108,000 children under age 5 and 27,000 pregnant women will have access to basic pre-
• More than 1 million vulnerable people across the country will have access to safe water and proper
• To provide children with continuity in education, UNICEF, together with cluster partners, will con-• UNICEF will reinforce child protection networks in the high-risk areas of the eastern, northern and
• UNICEF will ensure children, young people and women will have access to information on pre-
FUNDING REQUIREMENTS FOR 2012UNICEF is requesting US$20,950,000 for its humanitarian work in Madagascar. Because the ongoingpolitical crisis has resulted in the suspension of most development aid, adequate funding is neces-sary to stave off a crisis in health services. Funding for other key humanitarian activities, such asaccess to clean water, adequate sanitation facilities and education, is critical to the the well-being andsurvival of women and children in Madagascar.
More information on humanitarian action planned in 2012 can be found at www.unicef.org/hac2012 and the country office website at www.unicef.org/madagascar.1.2.United Nations Development Programme, ‘Human Development Report 2010: The real wealth of nations – Pathways to humandevelopment’, UNDP, New York, 2009, p. 145.Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters, ‘Summarized Table of Natural Disasters in Madagascar from 2002 to 2011’,EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database, CRED, Brussels, available at www.emdat.be/, and UNICEF estimate ofchild population.
UNICEF HUMANITARIAN NEEDS FOR 2012(in US dollars)
1,200,0005,950,0006,500,000600,0006,350,00025,000325,000$20,950,000
NutritionHealthWater, Sanitation and HygieneChild ProtectionEducationHIV and AIDSCluster coordinationTOTAL
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SomaliaCHILDREN AND WOMEN IN CRISISThe conflict and insecurity that have defined Somalia throughout the past two decades are nowcompounded by the damaging effects of the worst famine the country has seen in 17 years. Fourmillion people, including 2 million children, are in need of immediate food security and livelihoodassistance.1Three million of these people live in the al-Shabab-controlled south, where humanitarianaccess is limited due to the high level of insecurity.Rates of acute malnutrition illustrate an almost unimaginable situation: 30 per cent of children under 5are acutely malnourished, with nearly three quarters of them living in the south.2As the crisis worsens,acute watery diarrhoea and cholera are spreading due to lack of safe water and sanitation. During thefirst two weeks of October, there were more than 906 suspected measles cases (including 711 of childrenunder 5) and 20 related deaths reported in South and Central Somalia, as well as 1,206 suspected malariacases, including 706 cases under 5 and 6 related deaths.3Children’s education has been disrupted andhuman rights violations are escalating mainly due to the combination of displacement and conflict.
MEETING URGENT NEEDS IN 2012HUMANITARIANFUNDING AT WORK:HIGHLIGHTS FROM 2011As of end October 2011, UNICEFhad received US$247,402,422,representing 86 per cent ofthe requested amount ofUS$287,438,693 for its operationsin 2011. This funding enabledUNICEF to treat more than111,000 severely malnourishedchildren (out of a planned goal of155,000), as well as reach morethan 85,000 households (againsta goal of 200,000) with monthlyfood rations through blanketsupplementary feeding. About1.4 million people, includingabout 440,000 children under 5,have access to 400 health facili-ties. Close to 1.5 million of theyearly plan of 2.9 million children6 months to 15 years old havebeen vaccinated against measlessince January. Chlorination,water trucking and constructionor rehabilitation of water sourcesbenefited about 1.5 millionpeople. About 13,000 householdshave received a cash grant orfood voucher. More than 368,000children have enrolled in some1,600 UNICEF-supported schoolsin the south, including bothschools for internally displacedpersons and community schools.More than 31,000 children havebenefited from the establish-ment of 325 of the 353 plannedchild-friendly spaces in camps forinternally displaced persons, tran-sit points, and host communitiesin famine-affected regions.UNICEF is scaling up its response in 2012 in coordination with local authorities and more than 100national and international partner organizations, while leading the education, nutrition and WASHclusters and the child protection sub-cluster.
• Some 145,000 severely and 180,000 moderately malnourished children will be treated and blanketsupplementary feeding will be provided to 200,000 households per month.
• A combination of health interventions, including measles, polio, tetanus, vitamin A and deworm-ing, will be provided through Child Health Days to 1.8 million children under 5 and 2 million womenof childbearing age.
• Treatment for 5.6 million children and 1 million women will be provided at maternal and childhealth centres; appropriate case management will ensure response to outbreaks of measles, chol-era and acute watery diarrhoea.adults and 24,000 children.
• Access to safe water will be gained by 2.2 million people; latrines will be constructed for 96,000• Approximately 50,000 vulnerable households will receive cash transfers or vouchers for necessi-ties such as food, water and health care.
• Access to education and life-saving services through schools will be provided to 400,000 children,
including those in camps for internally displaced persons and in host communities, with 100,000children receiving food vouchers during the school year.psychosocial support (100,000 of them through child-friendly spaces).
• An estimated 300,000 children affected by conflict, famine and displacement will have access to• Support will be available for 250,000 victims of gender-based violence, and reintegration assist-ance will be provided for 1,000 children formerly associated with armed groups.gency supplies.
• About 240,000 people, including 160,000 children, will receive essential shelter and other emer-FUNDING REQUIREMENTS FOR 2012In line with the Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP) requirements, UNICEF is requesting US$289,134,000to provide urgently needed basic services to the children and women of Somalia. In the absence ofa fully functional government, UNICEF and its partners are primary providers of basic services, andchildren are at serious risk of hunger and disease if such services are unavailable. Lack of funding willmean that health centres are likely to experience drug shortages, and many schools will not be ableto function. Children will be subject to increasing risks if UNICEF is unable to respond to the increasedhumanitarian needs at the necessary scale.
More information on humanitarian action planned for 2012 can be found at www.unicef.org/hac2012 and the country office website at www.unicef.org/somalia.1.2.3.Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit – Somalia, ‘Nutrition Analysis Post Gu 2011, Technical Series Report no. VI, vol. 42’,United Nations Somalia, Nairobi, 8 October 2011, p.1.Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit – Somalia, ‘Nutrition Analysis Post Gu 2011, Technical Series Report no VI, vol. 41’,United Nations Somalia, Nairobi, 28 September 2011, p. 9.World Health Organization, ‘Somalia Emergency Health Update – Weekly Highlights 15–21 October 2011’, WHO, Geneva, p. 3.
UNICEF HUMANITARIAN NEEDS FOR 2012(in US dollars)
141,989,00025,942,00021,436,00012,475,00020,392,00060,381,0004,785,0001,734,000$289,134,00022
NutritionHealthWater, Sanitation and HygieneChild ProtectionEducationCash programmeShelterCluster coordinationTOTAL
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Republic of South SudanCHILDREN AND WOMEN IN CRISISThe Republic of South Sudan became the world’s newest country on 9 July 2011, entering statehoodwithin a complex humanitarian landscape. Throughout 2011, activity by rebel militia groups, inter-tribal clashes, cattle raiding and attacks by the Lord’s Resistance Army continued to plague parts ofthe country, fuelled by underdeveloped rule of law institutions and governance gaps.There is widespread chronic food insecurity, and acute malnutrition is above the emergency thresh-old, exceeding 20 per cent in certain areas. Just more than half of the population has access toimproved sources of drinking water and only 20 per cent to improved sanitation.1Access to healthcare remains highly inadequate; less than half of all children have received routine immunization,under-5 mortality is still quite high at more than 100 per 1,000 live births, and maternal mortality is2,054 per 100,000 live births.2Outbreaks of violence in the country (between government troops and rebel militia groups, sometimesalong ethnic lines) and high levels of tension along the border with Sudan (Abyei crisis) have led to thedisplacement of more than 300,000 people.3Clashes in Sudan’s South Kordofan and Blue Nile stateshave increased the influx of refugees into South Sudan, which currently number more than 18,000.4This, coupled with an estimated 350,000 returnees from Sudan,5has put pressure on a situation wherethere are virtually no social services and minimal existing economic opportunities to support integration.Humanitarian interventions are hampered by price increases and shortages of essential commoditiessuch as fuel as a result of intermittent trade blockages along the border coupled with continued insecurity.
HUMANITARIANFUNDING AT WORK:HIGHLIGHTS FROM 2011As of end October 2011,US$26,440,671 (36 per cent) ofUNICEF’s mid-year request ofUS$72,750,000 had been received.UNICEF used this funding toimprove the prospects of womenand children. Measles immuniza-tions exceeded the planned figureand reached more than 650,000children 6–59 months old. Atleast 45,000 children under 5 – or82 percent of the original targetfor 2011 – received treatment forsevere acute malnutrition. Accessto WASH education was providedto 95 per cent of the target or370,000 people in high-risk areas.A campaign on HIV preven-tion, care, treatment and sup-port services exceeded plannedfigures, reaching 380,000 youngpeople, including nearly 40,000pregnant women, and more than30,000 benefited from access toHIV testing and counseling. Inline with planned expectations,more than 400 separated childrenwere identified and returned,and nearly 200 associated witharmed groups were returned totheir families. More than 30,000children (60 per cent of the yearlygoal) gained access to 221 protec-tive learning spaces, and morethan 300,000 received emergencyeducation supplies. Psychosocialsupport training was provided to2,500 teachers and nearly 1,500community members.
MEETING URGENT NEEDS IN 2012In 2012, UNICEF, as lead agency for the education, nutrition and WASH clusters, and sub-clusterlead for child protection, will work with the new Government of the Republic of South Sudan, otherUN agencies and NGOs to address the emergency needs of approximately 1 million children and1.5 million women throughout the country, with a priority focus on the volatile border region.• Health interventions, including immunization, vitamin A supplementation, promotion of exclu-sive breastfeeding, distribution of mosquito nets and provision of clean delivery kits, will benefit1 million children and 1.5 million women.• Nutrition interventions will assist 60,000 children under 5 suffering from severe acute malnutritionand provide micronutrient supplementation for 200,000 pregnant or breastfeeding women.• Approximately 1 million emergency-affected people, including more than 200,000 women and500,000 children, will be assisted with increased access to WASH services in order to reduceWASH-related illnesses.• UNICEF will strengthen efforts to identify 1,200 unaccompanied children and 1,500 children associ-ated with armed forces. In addition, 3,400 children will receive psychosocial support, 1,000 childprotection workers will be trained and 25,000 community members will receive messages on theprevention of recruitment of children into armed forces.• UNICEF’s Emergency Education Project will supply emergency teaching and learning materials;deliver life-saving messages, including regarding HIV prevention; offer psychosocial support; andprovide increased access to 2,400 protective temporary learning spaces, all with the goal of ben-efiting 240,000 students (98,000 girls and 142,000 boys6) and 3,000 teachers.
FUNDING REQUIREMENTS FOR 2012UNICEF is requesting a total of US$62,500,000 to carry out its humanitarian work in the Republic ofSouth Sudan as part of efforts to prevent further deterioration in the health of women and childrenand consolidate gains made during the past year. UNICEF has aligned this request with the Consoli-dated Appeals Process (CAP) requirements.
More information on humanitarian action planned for 2012 can be found at www.unicef.org/hac2012 and the country office website at www.unicef.org/southsudan.1.2.3.4.5.6.United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, ‘Republic of South Sudan: 2011 Consolidated Appeal’, OCHA,New York and Geneva, 20 July 2011, p. 16.Southern Sudan Household Health Survey, 2006, pp. 22, 161.World Food Programme, ‘The Republic of South Sudan (ROSS) Special Operation 200341’, WFP, Rome, 2011.United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, ‘Weekly Humanitarian Bulletin: 27 October 2011’, OCHA SouthSudan, Juba, 2 November 2011, p. 3.Ibid.Note that although this figure represents high gender disparity, on the advice of the IASC Gender Standby Capacity, it is calculatedbased on current enrolment in non-emergency situations, with a targeted 5 per cent reduction in disparity, which is realistic given thecultural context.
UNICEF HUMANITARIAN NEEDS FOR 2012(in US dollars)
16,034,00010,940,0007,882,0005,916,00015,323,000541,0005,864,000$62,500,000
NutritionHealthWater, Sanitation and HygieneChild ProtectionEducationDisaster Risk ReductionCluster coordinationTOTAL
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ZimbabweCHILDREN AND WOMEN IN CRISISAs Zimbabwe struggles to recover from a deep socio-economic crisis and collapse caused by mas-sive hyperinflation, political instability and displacement, seasonal droughts, floods and recurringWASH-related disease outbreaks continue to reduce efforts towards progress. The impact of theseevents on a country with a deteriorated social sector leaves much of the population at risk and inneed of humanitarian assistance.Today, more than 4 million people reside in locations considered high risk for transmission of water-borne diseases due to unsafe water sources, poor sanitation and hygiene1with nearly half the popu-lation in rural areas practicing open defecation.2Chronic food insecurity remains an urgent issuefor 3.5 million girls and boys living below the food poverty line,3who are at risk of poor health andstunting due to greatly diminished access to all basic services and protections. The HIV and AIDSprevalence rate of 13.9 per cent remains one of the highest in the world.4A set of complex factors iscreating a rising population of ‘children on the move’, vulnerable to violence, exploitation and abuse.
MEETING URGENT NEEDS IN 2012HUMANITARIANFUNDING AT WORK:HIGHLIGHTS FROM 2011In 2011, UNICEF requestedUS$119,973,000 for its humanitar-ian work in Zimbabwe. As of endOctober 2011, US$15,393,309 hadbeen received, or 13 per cent ofthe goal, with additional fundingreceived for transition activities.UNICEF provided 80 per cent ofan agreed package of essentialmedicines to health facilitiesacross the country. Basic obstetriccare equipment was obtainedfor 700 health facilities, while16 midwifery schools are nowable to each train an additional40 midwives per year.In districts prone to cholera out-breaks, 60,000 families receivedlife-saving hygiene items, suchas soap and buckets, while 20,000emergency-affected peoplereceived safe water, thus dramati-cally reducing cholera cases.UNICEF increased access to legaland support services for 25,000young survivors of violence.Approximately 500 girls andboys on the move were pro-tected through partnerships withgovernment and internationalagencies.UNICEF assisted in assessmentsof 2,500 schools, which foundthat one in three required urgentattention due to severe storm orflood damage.UNICEF, with governmentagencies and internationalpartners, bolstered emergencyresponse and strengthenedefforts in nutrition, WASH andeducation clusters, benefitingclose to 2.9 million boys and3 million girls nationally.As Zimbabwe transitions towards recovery, UNICEF will continue its work to mitigate and prevent cri-ses emerging from an eroded social service sector. UNICEF will also build capacity to respond quicklyto recurrent natural disasters that so often sweep away development gains, and will play a key role incoordinating and co-leading the nutrition, education and WASH clusters, together with governmentline ministries. This year, UNICEF will reach approximately 300,000 people with humanitarian inter-ventions, including 156,000 women and children.
• UNICEF will provide life-saving care to 12,000 undernourished women and children, ensure provi-
sion of necessary health services through delivery of medicines and medical equipment to morethan 10,000 emergency-affected people, and continue to support HIV and AIDS prevention, careand treatment programming throughout the country.5during WASH-related emergencies, including any outbreaks of cholera, which is endemic in about20 districts. UNICEF will provide safe water and sanitation facilities and work with partners to pro-mote good hygiene behaviours at health centres and schools, as well as in up to 100,000 at-riskhouseholds.in preventing, mitigating or responding to disruptions to the delivery of educational services. Con-tinued access to quality education for all children will be ensured, with particular emphasis onorphans and other vulnerable children.vulnerable ‘children on the move’, including girls and boys, refugee children and other children atrisk of or exposed to violence, exploitation and abuse.
• UNICEF and partners will pre-position supplies to ensure adequate capacity for rapid response
• UNICEF support for improved data collection and coordination in the education sector will assist
• UNICEF will ensure that comprehensive child protection services are provided for at least 12,000
FUNDING REQUIREMENTS FOR 2012UNICEF is requesting US$24,600,000 in 2012 to continue its humanitarian work in Zimbabwe. With-out sufficient funding, efforts to prevent emerging crises will be severely limited, ranging from thespread of cholera to the exploitation and abuse of at-risk adolescents and children..
More information on humanitarian action planned in 2012 can be found at www.unicef.org/hac2012 and the country office website at www.unicef.org/zimbabwe.1.2.3.4.5.UNICEF estimate based on UNICEF ‘Diarrhoea Prevention Campaign – Draft Concept Note’, 30 November 2011.United Nations Children’s Fund and Government of Zimbabwe, ‘A Situational Analysis on the Status of Women’s and Children’sRights in Zimbabwe, 2005 – 2010: A call for reducing disparities and improving equity’, UNICEF, 18 March 2011, p. 73.Ibid., p. 13.Ibid., p. 35.Funding requirements for HIV and AIDs-related activities are streamlines into sectoral response.
UNICEF HUMANITARIAN NEEDS FOR 2012(in US dollars)
1,200,0006,000,00013,700,0001,000,0001,200,0001,500,000$24,600,000
NutritionHealthWater, Sanitation and HygieneChild ProtectionEducationCluster coordinationTOTAL
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2012UNICEF HUMANITARIAN ACTION FOR CHILDREN
West and Central Africa
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC • CHAD • CÔTE D’IVOIRE • DEMOCRATIC REPUBLICOF THE CONGO • LIBERIA • NIGER
West and Central AfricaCHILDREN AND WOMEN IN CRISISEmergencies pose a growing threat to stability and development in the region. In 2011, there hasbeen a sharp increase in both political instability and insecurity, which the already fragile statesof this region are ill-equipped to deal with. Epidemics affect almost every country and climatechange is increasing the impact of droughts, nutrition crises and flooding. The global economiccrisis is putting further pressure on food prices. Natural and human-made hazards multiply theseneeds and have taken a toll on infrastructure and access to basic services, hastening the spread ofepidemics. Immediate epidemic concerns include the cholera outbreaks around Lake Chad Basinand in western Democratic Republic of the Congo; in the three quarters of 2011, reported choleracases in West and Central Africa were at more than 85,000, with 2,500 deaths,1making it one of theworst cholera epidemics in the region’s history. The aftermath of Liberian elections and upcomingelections represent potential flashpoints in Côte d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of the Congo,Liberia, Senegal and Sierra Leone in the immediate period extending into 2012. There is growinginstability in the Sahel region, fuelled by the Arab Spring and increasing activities of Al-Qaida in theIslamic Maghreb and Boko Haram, all compounding the humanitarian needs of children and womenin the region.
Emergencies posea growing threatto stability anddevelopment in theregion. In 2011, therehas been a sharpincrease in bothpolitical instabilityand insecurity, whichthe already fragilestates of this regionare ill-equipped todeal with. Epidemicsaffect almost everycountry and climatechange is increasingthe impact ofdrought, nutritioncrises and flooding.
MEETING URGENT NEEDS IN 2012Regional officeUNICEF’s West and Central Africa Regional Office will continue to provide technical coordinationand improved preparedness to support country offices in 2012, with a goal of reaching vulnerablechildren and women throughout the region.
• UNICEF will improve and reinforce regional emergency response and build capacity to providemulti-sectoral rapid needs assessments in early stages of crises.
• The regional office will monitor nutrition crises and support preventive activities, along with• The regional WASH team will strengthen national and community preparedness through hygiene
life-saving response, in order to reduce risks for children under 5 and pregnant or breastfeedingwomen.promotion. Messages in local languages will be developed regarding cholera outbreaks to improveperception and understanding of the epidemic.for cholera, focusing on central and coastal areas (Benin, Cameroon, Chad, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,the Niger, Nigeria and Togo) and also those at risk for measles and meningitis (Burkina Faso,Cameroon, Chad, Mali, the Niger and Nigeria).focus on the integration of disaster and conflict risk reduction into education sector policies.
• In order to adequately pre-position medical kits and vaccines, UNICEF will map areas at high risk
• The regional office will provide technical assistance for education in emergencies, with particular• Child protection will focus on supporting children separated from families, release and reintegra-tion of children associated with armed groups and increasing access to basic protective services,particularly for victims of gender-based violence.
CameroonThe country is still reeling from the cholera epidemic that occurred in May 2010, and resurged againin 2011, affecting more than 16,000 people. For 2012, cholera prevention activities will target 50district health facilities, community caretaking interventions will support 10,000 people, and a further10,000 will be provided with clinical treatment. About 5,000 children and women will be protectedfrom meningitis through immunization and at least 28,880 severely malnourished children under 5and pregnant or breastfeeding women will be treated for undernutrition.CongoThe spread of epidemics such as cholera and polio, as well as increased exposure to infectiousdiseases continue to threaten the lives of 766,000 women and 1.4 million children in the departmentsof Brazzaville, Cuvette, Likouala, Plateaux, Pool and Pointe Noire. To lessen this crisis, 470,000children 6 months to 15 years old will be vaccinated against measles, including children from amongthe 125,000 refugees from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Access to safe water and sanitationwill be ensured through distribution of water filter kits, and construction of water points and latrinesin refugee sites. Safe practices regarding the treatment of household water and personal hygiene willbe promoted in high-risk regions.GhanaThe priority humanitarian interventions for 2012 will focus on response to floods in three north-ern regions and meeting the needs of the refugees from Côte d’Ivoire, targeting about 25,000people. The main WASH interventions will include the distribution of family hygiene and water kits,the installation of portable toilets and construction of emergency latrines, and hygiene promotion.
1.
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, ‘West and Central Africa: Cholera outbreak’, OCHA, New York,October 2011.
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WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA
HUMANITARIANFUNDING AT WORK:HIGHLIGHTS FROM 2011As of end October 2011,US$27,349,261 had beenreceived against the requestedUS$18,044,000 in 2011. Fundingenabled UNICEF to increase itsdelivery of life-saving interven-tions to more than 325,000children suffering from severeacute malnutrition through-out the Sahel. An additional320,000 people were vaccinatedagainst meningitis in Chad.A campaign to promote keymessages on epidemics wasdelivered to affected popula-tions in Cameroon, Chad andMali. UNICEF responded quicklyand effectively to the choleracrisis in Cameroon with hygienepromotion, supporting accessto safe water and sanitationservices and access to treat-ment. Subregional stockssupported countries duringsmall-scale emergencies, andemergency preparedness train-ings were conducted in Benin,Chad, Guinea, Liberia and Mali.The regional office supportedthe inclusion of educationin emergencies into overallnational education-sector plansand budgets. Training to gov-ernments, international agen-cies and country offices wasprovided, minimizing schooldisruptions during emergenciesin Benin, Gambia, Ghana,Mauritania, Senegal, SierraLeone and Togo. Police forcesand government partnersreceived training on protectingchildren separated from familiesin areas of displacement (Chad,Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Senegal,Sierra Leone and Togo).
Cape Verde
MauritaniaMaliNigerSenegalChadBurkino-FasoGuinea
GambiaBeninCoteMauritaniad’IvoireTogoCameroonEquatorialGuineaGabonCongoDemocratic Republicof the CongoNigeriaCentral AfricanRepublic
Guinea-BissauSierraLiberiaLeone
Sao Tome& Principe
The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsementor acceptance by the United Nations.
In education, the focus will be on the provision of school furniture, learning and teaching materials,as well as the delivery of key messages related to promoting healthy behaviours. In health and nutri-tion, the provision of insecticide-treated mosquito nets, health kits, essential drugs, oral rehydrationsalts, vitamin A supplementation and therapeutic feeding are key interventions. Through support tochildren’s clubs and community-based organizations, UNICEF will provide psychosocial support tochildren affected by crises.GuineaThere is a high risk that the humanitarian situation could worsen given forthcoming legislative elec-tions, which will likely increase tensions and lead to human rights violations, internal displacementand disruption of access to basic needs and services. In addition, there is persistent political and mili-tary unrest, inter-communal conflicts and influxes of refugees from neighbouring countries, as wellas recurrent flooding during the rainy season (May to October) with endemic risk of cholera. UNICEFpriority areas of intervention include child protection, WASH and health, as well as strengthenedhumanitarian coordination.MauritaniaUNICEF will treat 10,000 children 6–59 months old who suffer from severe acute malnutrition.2Another48,000 children 6–24 months old will enrol in feeding programmes, providing nutrition supplementsand therapeutic foods during the lean period. Promotion of infant and young child feeding practices,vitamin A supplementation and deworming will be supported. The education sector will strengthentraining and raise awareness on emergency prevention, preparedness and response. Child protectionwill focus on prevention and response to family separation, gender-based violence support to childprotection systems, and access to integrated services for vulnerable children.NigeriaUNICEF will ensure immediate response to cholera by providing life-saving essential medicalsupplies and supporting provision and use of safe drinking water, safe excreta disposal and familykits for 75,000 flood-affected people, 30,000 cholera-affected people and 150,000 displaced people. Inaddition, programmes will promote hand-washing practices in cholera-prone states. Moreover, about150,000 severely malnourished children will be provided essential nutrition supplements, includingtherapeutic foods, and community-based health workers in 100 feeding centres will be trained on case
2.
According to the July 2011 Nutrition SMART Survey, prevalence of acute malnutrition in four regions of the country exceeds 15per cent (July 2011 Nutrition SMART Survey Mauritania).
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West and Central Africa
(continued)
management of acute malnutrition. UNICEF will establish 50 safe school spaces for 15,000 childrenaffected by flooding and violence. UNICEF will continue to strengthen and support community-basedchild protection networks in emergency-prone states through training on international/domestichuman and child rights laws, child protection in emergencies, children and armed conflict and otherprotection topics. UNICEF will also address the health of children by providing vitamin A supplementsand vaccinations for polio and measles.
FUNDING REQUIREMENTS FOR 2012UNICEF is requesting US$27,156,000 to provide technical support and coordination for humanitarianwork throughout West and Central Africa in 2012. This includes US$19,866,000 to support countriesnot separately profiled in this Humanitarian Action for Children publication, including Cameroon,Ghana, Guinea, Mauritania, Nigeria and the Republic of the Congo.3
More information on humanitarian action planned for 2012 can be found at www.unicef.org/hac2012 and the regional office website at www.unicef.org/wcaro.3.A more detailed funding table can be found at www.unicef.org/hac2012.
UNICEF HUMANITARIAN NEEDS FOR 2012(in US dollars)
3,585,0002,226,000813,000241,0005,778,0007,223,00019,866,000
CameroonCongoGhanaGuineaMauritaniaNigeriaSUBTOTAL
Countries
450,000Nutrition1,500,000Health2,140,000Water, Sanitation400,000800,0002,000,0007,290,000
Regional Office
and HygieneChild ProtectionEducationCoordination, early recovery,disaster risk reductionSUBTOTAL
$27,156,000TOTAL282012UNICEF HUMANITARIAN ACTION FOR CHILDREN| www.unicef.org/hac2012
Central African RepublicCHILDREN AND WOMEN IN CRISISThe Central African Republic is beset by an ongoing conflict among the army, national groupsand foreign armed groups that destabilizes the environment in which women and children live.Some 192,000 people, of whom at least half are children, are currently internally displaced.1Theconflict’s humanitarian impact is evident in all aspects of daily life. The destruction of infrastruc-ture has hampered access to basic health and education services. School enrolment rates are aslow as 46 per cent in conflict-affected regions,2while an estimated 1,500 children have beenrecruited by armed groups.3A recent national survey revealed that 40.7 per cent of children under5 are stunted and 7.4 per cent suffer from moderate or severe acute malnutrition.4In October 2011,a health emergency arose when a cholera outbreak struck south of the capital, with 94 cases and 15deaths reported.5
MEETING URGENT NEEDS IN 2012n 2012, UNICEF will serve as cluster lead for nutrition, WASH and education in order to ensure coor-dinated emergency preparedness and an effective response at national and sub-national levels.UNICEF, along with the Government of the Central African Republic, NGOs and other UN agencies,intends to provide humanitarian assistance to reduce the vulnerabilities of 600,000 conflict-affectedpeople, including 294,000 children.
HUMANITARIANFUNDING AT WORK:HIGHLIGHTS FROM 2011In 2011, UNICEF estimated thatUS$11,763,000 was needed tofund its humanitarian work inthe Central African Republic.As of end October 2011, a totalof US$5,857,564 – or 50 per cent– had been received. UNICEFachieved key results for womenand children, including thefollowing: UNICEF’s educationprojects enabled nearly 160,000children in conflict-affected areas,including 62,000 girls, to newlyenrol in primary school (morethan the planned figure of 150,000children). At least 20 schoolsand 30 health facilities benefitedfrom new boreholes and sani-tation facilities that provideaccess to clean water andsanitation. Child protectionprojects assisted 100 per cent ofa planned goal of 1,000 childrenassociated with armed groupsand also reinforced monitoringand reporting mechanisms.To reduce mortality rates forclose to 74,000 pregnant womenand nearly 320,000 childrenunder 5, UNICEF providedessential drugs for high-impacthealth and nutrition services.UNICEF also administeredpolio vaccines, vitamin A supple-mentation and dewormingtablets to 756,000 children under5 and measles vaccines to about500,000 children.
• Therapeutic food and drugs will be provided to treat 8,000 children suffering from severe acutemalnutrition – approximately 80 per cent of the estimated total.
• UNICEF will help 60 per cent of health facilities in conflict-affected areas obtain functional paedi-
atric units with trained staff, necessary supplies and essential drugs. The organization will alsosupport 65 health centres in acquiring emergency obstetric and neonatal care.gender-friendly latrines in schools and health centres for 50,000 children and women.
• In response to the October cholera outbreak, UNICEF will build or rehabilitate water points and• UNICEF, in collaboration with the Ministry of Education and cluster partners, will establish at least80 child-friendly schools and 9 early childhood development activities in safe environments tobenefit some 40,000 children in order to increase enrolment rates by at least 10 per cent for girlsand 5 per cent for boys.groups, vulnerable children and children without parental care, as well as 3,000 victims of sexualviolence will receive assistance through a tailored reintegration and rehabilitation package provid-ing medical care and psychological, educational and socio-economic reintegration support.
• Approximately 45,000 children affected by the conflict, including those associated with armed
FUNDING REQUIREMENTS FOR 2012UNICEF is requesting US$11,018,000 to support an integrated response for the crisis in the CentralAfrican Republic. To provide for basic needs and to realize the rights of children and women affectedby the country’s ongoing conflict, adequate funding across all sectors is crucial. UNICEF has alignedthis request with the 2012 Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP) requirements.
More information on humanitarian action planned for 2012 can be found at www.unicef.org/hac2012.1.2.3.4.5.Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, ‘Central African Republic: New displacement due to ongoing conflict and banditry’,IDMC, Geneva, 1 December 2010, p. 24, www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004BE3B1/(httpInfoFiles)/95AEC93671A035E7C12577EC003BE9EE/$file/CAR+-+Dec+2010.pdf, accessed 15 November 2011.Central African Republic Ministry of Education, ‘Annual Education Statistics 2010–2011’, Ministry of Education, Bangui, CentralAfrican Republic, p.32.Danish Refugee Council, ‘Evaluation Mission of the Situation of Children in Community Self-Defense Groups’, Daish RefugeeCouncil, Copenhagen, May 2011, p. 3.Central African Institute for Statistics and Socioeconomic Research, ‘Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys – Round 4: Preliminaryresults’, Bangui, Central African Republic, May 2011, p. 2.United Nations Children’s Fund, ‘Cholera Cases in the Central African Republic: Week 40’, UNICEF Central African Republic,Bangui, 12 October 2011.
UNICEF HUMANITARIAN NEEDS FOR 2012(in US dollars)
881,0003,395,0001,562,0002,755,0001,515,000500,000410,000$11,018,000
NutritionHealthWater, sanitation and hygieneChild protectionEducationHIV and AIDSCluster coordinationTOTAL
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ChadCHILDREN AND WOMEN IN CRISISHunger, displacement and disease mark the lives of millions in Chad. More than 100,000 children under5 suffer from malnutrition, with 1 out of every 10,000 dying daily.1Droughts, floods and pests in 2011, aswell as repercussions of the 2009–2010 drought, have heightened food insecurity for people, especiallyfor about 1.3 million in the Sahel strip. In eastern and southern Chad, nearly 350,000 Sudanese and CentralAfrican Republic refugees depend on humanitarian efforts. Roughly 180,000 fled conflict in eastern Chad,but only about 56,000 returned to destroyed villages, without access to social and health services. Morethan 111,000 displaced women and children still depend on humanitarian assistance at resettlement sites.2About 65 per cent of returnees and internally displaced persons are children at risk of trafficking, eco-nomic exploitation and recruitment from armed forces. Women also face exploitation and violence. Ineastern Chad, many areas remain afflicted by mines, unexploded ordnance and abandoned munitions.Lack of sanitation and immunizations have caused epidemics – cholera (17,217), measles (7,647), men-ingitis (5,865) and polio (119, all children under 5) – potentially affecting more than 2.2 million childrenunder 5.3Conflict and the vulnerability of the educational system (lack of infrastructure, materials andqualified teachers) countrywide still affects access to quality education and outcomes for the mostmarginalized children in Chad.
HUMANITARIANFUNDING AT WORK:HIGHLIGHTS FROM 2011As of end October 2011,US$18,333,375 (40 per cent) ofa requested US$45,639,000 hadbeen received. With this funding,UNICEF treated about 65,000malnourished children under 5,distributed nutrition supplementsto 60,000 children, provided75,000 children with vitamin Asupplements and their familieswith insecticide-treated mosquitonets, and immunized 90 per centof infants and pregnant women inrefugee and resettlement camps.More than 1,000 teachers forrefugees, internally displaced andhost community children weretrained, and gender-appropriatelatrines were installed in 120primary schools. Some 30,000youth were educated regardingHIV and AIDS, nearly 6,000pregnant women were testedfor HIV, with almost half of thosewho tested positive receivingtreatment. Survivors of gender-based violence were assistedthrough listening centres andyouth clubs, and psychosocialsupport was provided to nearly8,000 children in 32 child-friendlyspaces. UNICEF also helped15,000 children in eastern Chadobtain birth certificates, instructedabout 11,000 people in minerisk and unexploded ordnance,reunited 165 children who hadbeen in the military in N’Djamenawith family, and provided inde-pendent housing and re-entry intothe workforce for 13 per cent ofthose children.
MEETING URGENT NEEDS IN 2012UNICEF, as cluster lead in nutrition, WASH and education, will work with the Government of Chad andinternational agencies to improve the lives of 2 million vulnerable people, including marginalized nomadsin the Sahel belt (440,000 women, 660,000 girls and 640,000 boys). As sub-cluster lead in child protection,UNICEF will continue to increase awareness of gender-based violence for 90,000 children, women andmen, including local authorities, religious leaders, members of youth clubs, judiciary and security.• UNICEF will increase routine immunizations for polio, meningitis, measles and tetanus; pro-vide deworming tablets, vitamin A supplementation and insecticide-treated mosquito nets; andimprove prenatal care and obstetric services for approximately 500,000 refugees, internally dis-placed persons and people in host communities.• Approximately 100,000 malnourished children in the Sahel belt will be treated through community-based management of services and distribution of Plumpy’doz.• Access to safe water will be improved for 300,000 people. WASH activities at the school level willprotect against health risks and diseases. Provision of potable water and construction of separatelatrines will encourage school attendance and retention, mainly for girls. In cholera epicentres(Guerra, Lac, Mayo Kebbi East and West) UNICEF will provide access to potable water.• Education in the Sahel belt will be ensured for 400,000 pre- and primary schoolchildren amongrefugees, internally displaced persons, returnees and those living in host communities.• Psychosocial support and child-friendly activities will be supported for children in eastern Chad,including 12,000 girls and 7,000 boys.• UNICEF will prevent child military recruitment by training 300 Armée Nationale Tchadienne offic-ers, sensitizing 1,500 members of local child protection committees, training and supporting 20programme staff, and monitoring visits in military establishments.• Information on HIV and AIDS prevention, care and treatment will be provided to peer educators inyouth centres, and community dialogue to benefit 150,000 people (44,000 boys, 56,000 girls and16,000 pregnant women).
FUNDING REQUIREMENTS FOR 2012UNICEF is requesting US$46,424,000 to continue humanitarian work in Chad. UNICEF has alignedthis request with the 2012 Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP) requirements. Inadequate fundingwill result in loss of the progress achieved in providing access to basic essential services in sitesfor refugees and internally displaced persons. Lack of adequate resources will also have a negativeimpact on the morbidity and mortality rates of an estimated 2.2 million children under 5.
More information on humanitarian action planned for 2012 can be found at www.unicef.org/hac2012 and the country office website at www.unicef.org/chad.1.2.3.United Nations Children’s Fund, ‘Preliminary Report Survey: Nutrition and mortality in 11 regions of Chad – From 16 August to 15September 2011’, p. 14.Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, ‘Estimates of Displaced Persons as of 31 August 2011’, UNHCRChad, Gore, 2011 .Government of Chad, ‘Integrated Epidemiologic Surveillance Service: Weekly meeting of the national technical committee for thebattle against epidemics – Week 45’, Chad Ministry of Public Health, N’Djamena, 16 November 2011. UNICEF Chad populationestimate with 3.6 per cent annual population growth projections for 2011.
UNICEF HUMANITARIAN NEEDS FOR 2012(in US dollars)
15,400,0005,235,00015,332,0003,078,0005,939,0001,300,000140,000$46,424,000
NutritionHealthWater, sanitation and hygieneChild protectionEducationHIV and AIDSCluster coordinationTOTAL
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Côte d’IvoireCHILDREN AND WOMEN IN CRISISThe violence and unrest following the November 2010 presidential elections in Côte d’Ivoire left 3,000dead1and displaced almost 1 million people.2An estimated 500,000 people have returned homebut struggle to reclaim their lives in areas where the infrastructure crumbled in the upheaval.3Thecrisis weakened not only the country’s infrastructure, but also its educational system, communityand institutional child protection mechanisms. In addition, the overall health of an already vulnerablepopulation suffered when outbreaks of polio and measles spread throughout the country, as accessto health facilities was drastically reduced and essential drug supplies dwindled. More than 194,000people, of whom 25,000 are in internally displaced person sites and camps, remain displaced;4anadditional 187,000 Ivorian refugees are in neighbouring countries, including 159,000 in Liberia.5Among those at highest risk are the 440,000 people living with HIV in Côte d’Ivoire, including morethan 50,000 children and some 22,000 women who are pregnant and HIV-positive.6
MEETING URGENT NEEDS IN 2012HUMANITARIANFUNDING AT WORK:HIGHLIGHTS FROM 2011UNICEF had received halfof the requested funding ofUS$22,383,121 as of end October,which enabled the improvementof the prospects of womenand children, as seen in somekey results.In response to the polio andmeasles outbreaks, UNICEFreached all 7 million childrenunder 5 with polio vaccinationsduring immunization campaigns,and all 467,000 children 6 months– 5 years old with measles vac-cinations in 13 affected districts.Of 13,000 children treated forsevere acute malnutrition, 78 percent fully recovered. At least 6.5million children benefited fromdeworming and vitamin A supple-ments. Additionally, 7 millioninsecticide-treated mosquito netswere distributed.UNICEF also improved conditionsof the conflict-affected populationthrough the construction ofemergency toilets and showers,which benefited more than500,000 people. In addition,530,000 internally displacedpersons and returnees gainedaccess to safe drinking water.At least 39,000 students wereintegrated into formal schools,and more than 20,000 childrenparticipated in education activitiesin temporary learning spaces.Ninety-seven per cent of schoolsreopened after the crisis, and 55recreational and child-friendlyspaces were established toprovide psychosocial support tomore than 10,400 children.UNICEF promoted essential fam-ily practices (exclusive breast-feeding, handwashing with soap,the use of insecticide-treatedmosquito nets and the use of oralrehydration solution for diarrhea)to 8 million people as part of anaccelerated child survival anddevelopment strategy.UNICEF is the lead agency for the WASH, education and nutrition clusters, as well as for the child pro-tection sub-cluster. In 2012, UNICEF, in partnership with the Government of Côte d’Ivoire and otherinternational agencies, will assist 8 million people.
• UNICEF will target the overall health of 7 million children under 5 by focusing on high-impact inter-ventions, including polio and measles campaigns, vitamin A supplementation and deworming.
• UNICEF will support the treatment of 12,000 children suffering from severe acute malnutrition at20 inpatient and 200 outpatient centres and will promote healthy infant and young child feedingpractices to about 100,000 caregivers.
• In order to reduce rates of diarrhoea, UNICEF will restore rural water supply services to benefit
200,000 internally displaced persons by strengthening management of water schemes and hygienepromotion. In total, 400,000 persons will benefit from sanitation promotion and community-basedinterventions, which will be combined with undernutrition interventions. The cholera containmentand prevention programme will aim to reach 1 million people in Abidjan and in high-risk areas.the provision of emergency education supplies and teacher training. UNICEF will rehabilitate andprovide school supplies to at least 50 schools and support teachers in crisis-affected areas.
• UNICEF will support 20 temporary learning spaces at resettlement sites and formal schools through• UNICEF will strengthen identification, documentation, tracing and reunification systems with the
inter-agency child protection information management system for more than 2,000 separatedfamilies, as well as strengthen psychosocial assistance for at least 30,000 children affected by theconflict. Child protection action networks will be strengthened for prevention of violence againstchildren and for assistance to at least 1,500 child victims of violence and abuse.prevention and care services, including management of common illnesses at community level,active HIV screening among pregnant women, observance of drugs intake, and life-skills educationon HIV and reproductive health, benefiting 500,000 adolescents and 500,000 women.
• UNICEF will train and strengthen capacity building of community-based organizations to provide
FUNDING REQUIREMENTS FOR 2012UNICEF is requesting US$26,929,000 to continue its humanitarian work in Côte d’Ivoire. A shortfall infunding is likely to result in failure to respond effectively to the urgent needs of the country’s womenand children, who are in a transitional phase after the post-election unrest.
More information on humanitarian action planned for 2012 can be found at www.unicef.org/hac2012 and the country office website at www.unicef.org/cotedivoire.1.2.3.4.5.6.United Nations, Twenty-eighth Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Operation in Côte d’Ivoire – S/2011/387,United Nations, New York, 24 June 2011, p. 9.Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, ‘A New Displacement Crisis in West Africa’, available at www.unhcr.org/pages/4d831f586.html.OXFAM, Danish Refugee Council, CARE, ‘Towards Durable Solutions for Displaced Ivoirians: Joint Briefing Paper’, 11 October 2011, p. 5.United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, ‘European tour to raise funds for humanitarian action in Côted’Ivoire’, press release, OCHA, Geneva/Abidjan/New York, 19 October 2011.Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Côte d’Ivoire Situation Update No. 35’, UNHCR, Geneva, 10 October2011, p. 3.Secretariat, National AIDS Control Council, ‘National Report UNGASS, 2010 Côte d’Ivoire: January 2008 – December 2009’,National AIDS Control Council, Abidjan, March 2010, p. 13.
UNICEF HUMANITARIAN NEEDS FOR 2012(in US dollars)
3,200,0006,527,0007,500,0003,152,0003,700,0001,650,0001,200,000$26,929,000
NutritionHealthWater, sanitation and hygieneChild protectionEducationHIV and AIDSCluster coordinationTOTAL
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Democratic Republic of the CongoCHILDREN AND WOMEN IN CRISISOngoing conflict in the east and northeast – along with dysfunctional or non-existent social servicesand infrastructure throughout the country – make the Democratic Republic of the Congo home toone of the world’s worst humanitarian emergencies. The displaced population as of June 2011 isestimated to be at least 1.6 million, more than half of them children. In addition, there are about800,000 returnees and 120,000 host families.1In 2011, attacks by both armed groups and armedforces – which used mass sexual violence – continued, while hundreds of children have escapedarmed groups. Since 2010, measles outbreaks have been prevalent. If preventive campaignsare not implemented in time, 11 million children in the four provinces of Bandundu, Bas Congo,Kinshasa and North Kivu will be at high risk.2Cholera has also broken out in new areas and is quicklyspreading along the Congo River, with 16,680 cases and 482 deaths as of 20 October 2011.3Manychildren have not been able to access education or have had their education disrupted; there is a lackof flexible, appropriate education options, especially for young children and adolescents in such aprecarious environment. Estimates indicate that 7.6 million children are out of school, with 34 percent of them in conflict-affected areas.4Security issues and lack of physical access to communities inneed make delivering humanitarian aid extremely challenging.
HUMANITARIANFUNDING AT WORK:HIGHLIGHTS FROM 2011In 2011, UNICEF requestedUS$123,070,000 for its work inthe Democratic Republic of theCongo. As of end October 2011,US$62,618,453 (51 per cent)had been received. UNICEF’sRapid Response to Movementsof Population assessed theneeds of 1.8 million people,provided essential householditems and shelter materials tomore than 65,000 families, andprovided access to water andsanitation to more than 200,000conflict-affected persons ineastern Democratic Republicof the Congo. Therapeuticfeeding supplies were givento more than 95,000 childrenwith severe acute malnutrition.UNICEF responded to a measlesoutbreak in five provinces byvaccinating more than 5.6million children 6 months to 15years old; some 16,000 choleracases were also treated. Morethan 630,000 people affectedby cholera and displacement(against the programmatic goal of826,000) improved their hygieneknowledge and gained accessto safe water and sanitationfacilities.During the first three quarters ofthe year, more than 15,000 survi-vors of sexual and gender-basedviolence (50 per cent children)were provided with services.Some 71,000 displaced andreturnee children accessedthe protective environment ofchild-friendly spaces, and 4,500children who escaped armedgroups were given temporarycare. More than 26,000 childrenreceived improved access to edu-cation and psychosocial services.
MEETING URGENT NEEDS IN 2012As lead agency for the nutrition, education, WASH, child protection, emergency shelter and non-fooditems clusters, UNICEF will work with the Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo,other UN agencies and NGOs to meet the following needs:
• Shelter materials and emergency education, as well as basic WASH assistance will be providedto an estimated 1.2 million displaced returnees and people in host communities within the RapidResponse to Movements of Population Programme.affected provinces outside the eastern conflict-affected zones.
• Some 54,000 families will be assisted with non-food items and shelter in conflict- and disaster-• Supplies and assistance will be given to treat some 154,000 undernourished children. Measles vac-cines will be provided for 11 million children 6 months to 15 years old; and deworming treatmentand/or vitamin A supplementation will be given to 14 million children. About 30,000 people willreceive treatment for cholera.mated 39 per cent of the country’s displaced population. Around 208,000 people in cholera-pronecommunities will benefit from WASH programmes.
• Access to water and sanitation facilities will be provided for more than 677,000 people, an esti-• An estimated 275,000 vulnerable and crisis-affected children will receive quality formal and non-formal education, including professional training and socio-economic insertion. Training will beprovided for 5,000 teachers and educators.community; 2,000 unaccompanied children will be identified and reunited with their families, andchild-friendly protective spaces will be created for close to 50,000 displaced and returnee children.
• Approximately 3,000 children formerly associated with armed groups will be reintegrated into the• Interventions, medical kits, basic health and treatment will be provided for an estimated 15,000survivors of sexual and gender-based violence in conflict and displacement zones. Psychosocialcare will be provided for 20,000 people.
FUNDING REQUIREMENTS FOR 2012UNICEF is requesting US$143,900,000 to carry out its planned humanitarian activities in the DemocraticRepublic of the Congo. This request is aligned with the 2012 Humanitarian Action Plan (HAP). Immedi-ate and full funding is necessary to support the protection and recovery of women and children.
More information on humanitarian action planned for 2012 can be found at www.unicef.org/hac2012 and the country office website at http://www.unicef.org/drcongo/french.1.2.3.4.5.Democratic Republic of the Congo Humanitarian Action Plan 2012, forthcoming, and UNICEF child population estimate.UNICEF estimate of child population of children 6 months to 15 years old in four provinces.Democratic Republic of the Congo Ministry of Public Health ‘Epidemiological situation of Cholera in the Democratic Republic ofthe Congo Bulletin’, Ministry of Public Health, Kinshasa, 20 October 2011, p.1.‘Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey – 2010’ September 2010.Rapid Response to Movements of Population is a multi-sectoral programme providing emergency humanitarian assistance innon-food items/shelter, WASH and education to conflict- or disaster-affected populations (approximately 1.7 million beneficiariesper year) in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Bas and Haut Uele, Ituri, North and South Kivu).
UNICEF HUMANITARIAN NEEDS FOR 2012(in US dollars)
28,700,00016,500,00019,000,00012,000,00034,500,0003,200,00026,000,0004,000,000$143,900,000
NutritionHealthWater, sanitation and hygieneChild protectionEducationCluster coordinationRapid Response to Movements of Population5Non-food items/shelterTOTAL
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LiberiaCHILDREN AND WOMEN IN CRISISIn 2011, Liberian communities bordering Côte d’Ivoire hosted an influx of refugees fleeing thepost-Ivorian election violence. Children and women represent 80 per cent of the more than 176,000refugees who now reside in camps and host communities, where an estimated 241,000 Liberianshave welcomed them during the past year.1While attempts have been made to ensure that refugeesmove towards the camps and designated host communities for security and access to services, amajority of the refugees still remain dispersed along the border. The critical need of refugee locationsfor essential services has been hampered by lack of adequate funding through the 2011 LiberiaEmergency Humanitarian Action Plan. As a result, children and women are at risk of undernutrition,diarrhoeal and infectious diseases, HIV and AIDS, lack of social protection and disruption of education.While the refugee population is expected to stabilize in 2012, a well-informed, intentional responsewill be necessary in order to adequately support refugees as well as vulnerable Liberian host com-munities affected by the crisis.
MEETING URGENT NEEDS IN 2012HUMANITARIANFUNDING AT WORK:HIGHLIGHTS FROM 2011UNICEF Liberia had receivedUS$12,499,236, or 42 per cent,of the requested US$29,998,993for its programmes in Liberiaas of end October 2011. Whilethis funding enabled UNICEF toprovide essential services to morethan 100,000 people in some100 communities and 6 refugeecamps, gaps still remain in thedelivery of services.Sectoral coordination structuresfor WASH, nutrition, educationand child protection were estab-lished in 4 counties with supportfrom more than 13 donors.The WASH programme expandedits coverage of essential waterand sanitation services in alllocations, focusing on the deliveryof safe drinking water, soap andwater containers, as well asthe construction of latrines inaffected communities, benefitingmore than 102,000 people of the185,000 targeted.More than 44,000 children werescreened for undernutrition,of which 2,500 were treated forsevere malnutrition and 3,400 formoderate malnutrition.Family based care and tracingservices were provided to morethan 1,400 children found to beunaccompanied or separatedfrom their parents or guardians.UNICEF was able to reach slightlymore than 10,000 childrenof the targeted 20,000 in theprovision of child-friendly places.More than 40,000 Ivorian andLiberian children (out of the96,000 targeted) benefited fromcontinued education in crisis-affected areas.UNICEF leads the WASH and nutrition sectors and the child protection sub-sector. In addition, UNICEFis co-lead of the education sector with Save the Children and supports the health and HIV and AIDScoordination and response mechanisms. In 2012, UNICEF will continue to scale up its response notonly to the needs of the refugee children and women, but also those in the host communities.
• UNICEF will treat an expected caseload of 4,000 children under 5 with severe acute malnutrition
and provide more than 4,000 moderately malnourished children under 5 with high-energy andmicronutrient foods, as well as promote optimal infant and young child feeding practices for32,000 children.and NGOs by providing technical health assistance and supplies, ambulances and social mobiliza-tion, benefiting approximately 191,000 children and women.water and sanitation, and will also actively promote healthy hygiene behaviours within targetedhost communities and schools.
• UNICEF will continue to support the host and refugee populations through county health teams
• UNICEF will provide at least 85,000 refugees and 100,000 Liberians with safe, clean and accessible• Child protection efforts will ensure that children separated from their families are cared for while
family tracing takes place by giving nearly 32,000 Ivorian refugee and Liberian host communityat-risk children access to psychosocial activities and areas that promote attachment, stability andresilience.vision of relevant and quality pre-primary and primary education for 80,000 Ivorian and Liberianchildren. The programme will also focus on the delivery of life skills, vocational skills and HIV andAIDS-related education for up to 20,000 Ivorian and Liberian adolescents.tion, and more than 4,000 HIV-positive women and children will have access to treatment and care.
• UNICEF will continue to work closely with the Ministry of Education and partners to ensure the pro-
• The HIV and AIDS programme will provide 80,000 children, young people and women with informa-FUNDING REQUIREMENTS FOR 2012UNICEF requests US$25,929,000 for an ongoing, multifaceted response to vulnerable communities,including those affected by the refugee crisis. UNICEF requires adequate funding for its focused inter-ventions to the vulnerable women and children living in these locations.
More information on humanitarian action planned for 2012 can be found at www.unicef.org/hac2012.1.Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Web portal, http://info.unhcr.org/lr.locsis, accessed 19 October 2011,and ‘UNHCR Field Situation Report’, Zwedru, Liberia, 14–21 August, 2011, p. 2.
UNICEF HUMANITARIAN NEEDS FOR 2012(in US dollars)
3,845,0004,615,0007,918,0003,959,0003,959,000981,000652,000$25,929,000
NutritionHealthWater, Sanitation and HygieneChild ProtectionEducationHIV and AIDSSector coordinationTOTAL
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NigerCHILDREN AND WOMEN IN CRISISInsufficient rainfall and pest infestations of crops leading up to the 2011–2012 harvest season haveraised concerns of food shortages that would put poor households in the Niger at greater risk forfood insecurity and further compromise the nutritional status of children in the country. Accordingto 2011 survey data, one out of two children under 5 suffers from chronic malnutrition, and oneout of five children 6–23 months old suffers from acute malnutrition.1Every year during the rainyseason, populations are affected by floods, in particular in regions bordering the Niger River. Thespread of communicable diseases in the region remains a concern, as two cases of polio were con-firmed in the Niger in 2011. Additionally, 2,126 cases of cholera and 10,510 cases of measles wererecorded as of October 2011.2Besides increased arms trafficking in the north of the country result-ing from the war in Libya, an estimated 220,000 migrants returning to the Niger,3in particular fromLibya, have contributed to increased economic, humanitarian and security-related threats.
MEETING URGENT NEEDS IN 2012HUMANITARIANFUNDING AT WORK:HIGHLIGHTS FROM 2011As of end of October 2011, UNICEFhad received US$16,273,812 –or 44 per cent of the requestedUS$37,062,000 – for programmesin the Niger. UNICEF treatedmore than 224,000 children 6–59months old for severe acute mal-nutrition, exceeding the expected200,000 children. In collaborationwith the World Food Programmeand the Government of the Niger,UNICEF reached nearly 335,000children and 64,000 breastfeedingwomen through blanket feed-ing operations. A cash transferprogramme benefiting close to21,000 highly vulnerable house-holds during the hunger seasonwas implemented in partnershipwith Save the Children.As of October 2011, 632,000 casesof malaria among children under5 were treated, while 733,641children were vaccinated againstmeningitis. Another 500,000children were immunized againstmeasles and 57 children weretreated for cholera.When more than 220,000 peopleentered the Niger in 2011 fleeingarmed conflicts in Libya and Côted’Ivoire, UNICEF provided coun-seling and psychosocial servicesto close to 1,500 Nigeriens in theInternational Organization forMigration-managed transit centreof Dirkou and improved waterand sanitation facilities for 1,000people. The UNICEF-supportedcentre of Agadez sheltered andassisted 144 women and children,including 15 separated children.As cluster lead in nutrition, WASH and child protection, UNICEF will coordinate activities amongpartners to mitigate the impact of natural disasters and epidemics by responding to the humanitar-ian needs of women and children. UNICEF will also help to increase the resilience of the pooresthouseholds against undernutrition and disease through prevention activities such as vaccination andhygiene sensitization.
• UNICEF will treat more than 330,000 children 6–59 months old (146,000 girls and 184,000 boys)suffering from severe acute malnutrition through community-based management of acutemalnutrition.
• In partnership with the World Food Programme, UNICEF will contribute to mitigate the negative
impact of food insecurity on young children in areas most affected by food insecurity throughblanket-feeding operations. To increase the effectiveness of blanket feeding, cash grant distribu-tion will be provided to women with at least one child under 2.reach more than 3.2 million children under 5 in order to reduce child mortality resulting from polio,measles, meningitis, malaria and cholera.facilities to 140,000 victims of floods or cholera.
• In coordination with the Ministry of Health and its partners within the health cluster, UNICEF will• UNICEF will reduce the risk of waterborne diseases by providing safe drinking water and sanitation• UNICEF will ensure that 8,000 women and children receive gender-sensitive psychosocial sup-• UNICEF will train 15 youth groups in disaster risk reduction to engage with 20 vulnerable com-port, reintegration services and legal assistance. Community sensitization and capacity building ofhumanitarian workers will be improved in areas affected by emergencies.munities in flood-prone areas. Together with partners, UNICEF will support risk reduction activitiesprioritized by the communities and youth.
FUNDING REQUIREMENTS FOR 2012UNICEF Niger is requesting US$30,025,000 to carry out its planned activities in 2012. UNICEF hasaligned this amount with the Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP) requirements. Failure to meetthis funding target will deteriorate the well-being of tens of thousands of children affected by severeacute malnutrition and communicable diseases.
More information humanitarian action planned for 2012 can be found at www.unicef.org/hac2012 and the country office website at www.unicef.org/niger.1.2.3.National Institute of Statistics, National Nutrition Survey, June 2011.Integrated Epidemiologic Surveillance database, National Health Information System, October 2011.Information Note on migrants from Libya and the Ivory Coast, National Early Warning System Coordination cell, October 2011.
UNICEF HUMANITARIAN NEEDS FOR 2012(in US dollars)
25,598,0002,836,0001,169,000342,00080,000$30,025,000
NutritionHealthWater, sanitation and hygieneChild protectionCluster coordinationTOTAL
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Middle East and North Africa
DJIBOUTI • IRAQI REFUGEES IN EGYPT, JORDAN, LEBANON AND THE SYRIANARAB REPUBLIC • OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY • SUDAN • YEMEN
Middle East and North AfricaCHILDREN AND WOMEN IN CRISISThe Middle East and North Africa region has long been marked by political instability, humanrights crises and protracted humanitarian emergencies. During 2011, the region witnessed aseries of historical transformations – popularized as the ‘Arab Spring’ – ignited by a multitude ofroot causes, including wide-ranging social inequities and perceptions of inadequate governance.This was aggravated by corruption and constrained political representation, and by record levelsof unemployment, soaring food and fuel prices, severe water scarcity and a volatile political andsecurity context.Tunisia provided the flash point in December 2010–January 2011 with an unprecedented wave ofsocio-political change that spread to Egypt, Libya, the Syrian Arab Republic and Yemen. Egypt andTunisia experienced refugee crises along their borders following the forced displacement of 930,000civilians in Libya.1Children throughout the region were exposed either directly or indirectly to scenesof violence.In the wake of similarly widespread popular contestation, political deadlock and escalating violencein Yemen have contributed to a further deterioration in humanitarian conditions in-country. Thedisintegration of basic services, regional drought, alarming rates of undernutrition and a lack of stateauthority to address these challenges are compounding issues for an already weakened population.Yemen remains at risk of slipping into a full-blown subregional humanitarian crisis should the currentpolitical crisis remain unresolved.While not directly impacted by the ‘Arab Spring’, the situation for children in the Sudan remains ofextreme concern. In July 2011, South Sudan seceded from the Sudan, relatively peacefully. In thefinal months of 2011, however, protracted crises in the Sudan continued to severely impact children’srights to life and access to essential services, while significantly hampering humanitarian accessand UNICEF outreach for children in need in Abyei, the Blue Nile, Darfur and South Kordofan. Morespecifically, the ‘border states’ of Abyei, the Blue Nile and South Kordofan have been characterizedby forced displacement of civilians and severe interruptions to the delivery of humanitarian aid.Meanwhile, severe malnutrition grew increasingly worse in the Sudan: acute malnutrition levels, at16.4 percent, are above the internationally accepted emergency threshold of 15 per cent, with 5.3 percent of these children suffering from severe acute malnutrition.2Throughout the region, large numbers of internally displaced people (estimated in the millions)continue to be highly vulnerable and in need of urgent humanitarian assistance, due to protractedconflicts, combined with natural hazards, climate change, rapidly expanding urbanization, and fastwater-table resource depletion. Drought and famine continue to threaten lives across the Horn ofAfrica, causing high levels of undernutrition and food insecurity in Djibouti.The impact of the ongoing global financial crisis combined with protracted emergencies in Djibouti,the Occupied Palestinian Territory, the Sudan and Yemen, and the extremely fragile situations ofLebanon, Libya and the Syrian Arab Republic require sustained and consistent humanitarian fundingin order to meet the critical needs of women and children in 2012.
During 2011, histor-ical political trans-formation in theregion was ignited bya multitude of rootcauses, includingwide-ranging socialinequities and percep-tions of inadequategovernance. Childrenand women felt theadverse effects ofrecord levels ofunemployment,soaring food and fuelprices, severe waterscarcity and thevolatile political andsecurity context.
MEETING URGENT NEEDS IN 2012UNICEF plans to strengthen disaster risk reduction and crisis preparedness in the Middle East andNorth Africa by helping country offices with technical assistance and resource mobilization. Theregional office will continue to provide surge capacity, leadership and oversight to support UNICEFefforts in countries in crisis, in line with inter-agency cluster coordination mechanisms to meetUNICEF’s commitments as cluster lead in the areas of WASH, nutrition, education and child protection.
• National and regional disaster preparedness systems/infrastructure will be supported with the
creation of a regional training hub/centre on emergency preparedness and response. The centrewill aim to provide capacity building specifically for government partners at senior levels and otherhumanitarian stakeholders with emergency preparedness and response training programmes andrisk reduction policy development.tion initiatives in support of national ministry partners throughout the region, with a specific focuson the education and WASH sector.capacity by pre-positioning life-saving supplies for some 50,000 people in Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon,the Occupied Palestinian Territory and the Syrian Arab Republic.
• The regional office will continue its efforts towards strengthening and expanding disaster reduc-• The regional office will initiate phase 2 of the establishment of a subregional supply procurement
1.2.
‘Update on UNHCR’s Operations in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) – 2011’, Executive Committee of the High Commis-sioner’s Programme: Sixty-second session, UNHCR, Geneva, 3–7 October 2011, p. 1.‘Sudan Household Survey, 2010’, analysed using World Health Organization Growth Standards.
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MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA
HUMANITARIANFUNDING AT WORK:HIGHLIGHTS FROM 2011LebanonOccupiedPalestinianTerritorySyriaIraqJordanIran
MoroccoAlgeria
Tunisia
Libya
Egypt
BahrainSaudi ArabiaOman
Undetermined boundary*Abyei region*** Final boundary between the Republic of Sudan and theRepublic of South Sudan has not yet been determined.** Final status of the Abyei area is not yet determined.
UNICEF had receivedUS$700,394 (28 per cent) ofthe requested US$2,540,000as of end October 2011 forits humanitarian work inthe region. An additionalUS$10,351,965 was receivedin response to the Libyaflash appeal requestingUS$20,540,000.The regional office dispatchedemergency and technical staffto Djibouti, Egypt, Libya, theSudan and Tunisia. The pro-tracted crisis in Libya requiredthe most attention, with over-sight and management offinances, surge capacity andprogrammatic support.The regional office providedleadership to country offices,technical guidance throughcontingency planning, simula-tion exercises and strategicreflection leading up to andduring the secession of SouthSudan from the Sudan.In Yemen, field mission supportand strategic guidance wasprovided from the beginning ofthe Saada crisis and during thepersistent political impasse.The establishment of a sub-regional supply procurementcapacity progressed signifi-cantly, with long-term agree-ments with suppliers in Jordan,Lebanon and the Syrian ArabRepublic to facilitate quickemergency response withinthe region.In response to the Horn of Africanutrition crisis, emergencyadvisors worked alongside theEastern and Southern AfricaRegional Office and the UNICEFDjibouti team to strengthencommunication and the healthand nutrition response.
Sudan
Yemen
Djibouti
The boundaries and names shown and thedesignations used on this map do not imply official endorsementor acceptance by the United Nations.
FUNDING REQUIREMENTS FOR 2012UNICEF requests US$1,600,000 to continue its work pre-empting risks to women and childrenin the region. It is important to note that UNICEF, together with the wider UN system, is facing greatchallenges in the Middle East and North Africa with the multitude of protracted and new humanitariancrises occurring at a time of declining financial resources. Therefore, full funding is critical.
More information on humanitarian action planned in 2012 can be found at www.unicef.org/hac2012.
UNICEF HUMANITARIAN NEEDS FOR 2012(in US dollars)
250,000350,000500,000500,000
Disaster risk reductionRisk mitigationNational capacity developmentSurge, technical leadership andcluster management
$1,600,000TOTAL
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DjiboutiCHILDREN AND WOMEN IN CRISISSome 120,000 people living in the northwest, central and south-eastern parts of Djibouti are in dire needof humanitarian assistance, largely due to five consecutive years of drought and six consecutive years ofrainfall deficit. The 2011 July–September Karan/Karma rains have been below average in intensity andspatial distribution, and ineffective in regenerating pastures and water points. This situation, coupledwith the rise of staple food prices, has drastically deteriorated the coping mechanisms of the most vul-nerable women and children. Additionally, Djibouti City faces a critical shortage of water. The country’schildren and women are vulnerable to food insecurity and extreme undernutrition. There is also aninflux of refugees from Ethiopia, Somalia and Yemen, with an estimated 500 refugees arriving everymonth.1There are currently about 17,000 refugees in camps, many among them children, women andelderly often arriving in poor health and nutritional status.2In Djibouti, 210,000 people – including 120,000people in rural areas, 60,000 people in urban areas and 30,000 refugees – are in need of assistance.3
MEETING URGENT NEEDS IN 2012HUMANITARIANFUNDING AT WORK:HIGHLIGHTS FROM 2011As of end October 2011, UNICEFhad received US$3,934,765 – or73 per cent – of the requestedUS$5,405,000 for its programmesin Djibouti. This funding enabledUNICEF to achieve key resultsfor women and children. UNICEFsupported more than 80 percent of a total of 6,000 childrensuffering from severe acutemalnutrition, who enrolled inone of 40 health centres and 30community therapeutic centres.An estimated 96,000 persons inaffected areas benefited fromrehabilitated drinking-watersources and increased hygienesupplies. UNICEF providedsocial services that helped toprotect and support 700 orphansand other vulnerable children.Furthermore, the conditionalcash transfer programme helpedto improve the nutritional andeducational status of 700 orphansand vulnerable children affectedby drought and rising food prices.Among these children, 515received school kits, access totutoring and vocational trainingfor out-of-school youth. UNICEFsupported 7 early child centres for300 vulnerable, displaced children3 to 5 years old. In addition, 200street children received nutritionin safe, child-friendly spacesequipped with WASH facilities.UNICEF provides leadership for the nutrition and WASH clusters in Djibouti. UNICEF will continueto work with the Government of Djibouti, other UN agencies, non-governmental organizations andpartners in 2012 to respond to the needs of 180,000 people affected by drought and other hardships,especially women and children, out of which 7,500 women, 37,500 girls and 43,500 boys have alreadybeen identified as needing immediate assistance. Given current trends, the numbers of women andchildren needing assistance during the course of the next 12 months are likely to increase.
• Nutrition interventions will target community management of undernutrition in 40 communities
and 30 health centres, promote infant and young child feeding practices, provide blanket supple-mentary feeding and address micronutrient deficiencies. Other activities will assist prevention ofmalnutrition and transition towards development.of comprehensive data for situation monitoring and early warning systems. More than 100,000children under 5 (at least 95 per cent) will receive high-impact interventions, including polio vac-cines, deworming tablets and vitamin A supplementation. An estimated 26,000 pregnant womenand children under 5 will receive insecticide-treated mosquito nets for malaria prevention in 16localities of Djibouti’s peri-urban areas and regions.as construction and/or rehabilitation of water points. Hygiene promotion campaigns will educate80,000 people on improved hygiene behaviours.Ethiopian, Somali and Yemen refugee children in the Ali Addeh and Holl Holl refugee camps. UNICEFwill support 20 public early child centres to benefit 600 vulnerable children 3 to 5 years old.the provision of social services, including conditional cash transfers and vocational training. Estab-lishment of a youth drop-in centre will provide services to an additional 500 children.to essential information provided through community mobilization, capacity building and com-munication for development.
• The health and nutrition surveillance system will be strengthened through the timely collection
• An estimated 120,000 people will have access to drinking water through water trucking as well
• Both basic primary and early childhood development education will be provided for the 3,000
• An estimated 700 orphans and vulnerable children will receive care, support and protection through• About 42,000 adolescents will be able to better protect themselves from HIV by increased access
FUNDING REQUIREMENTS FOR 2012UNICEF is requesting US$8,390,000 for its 2012 humanitarian work in Djibouti, in order to respond tothe increasing needs of the population affected by persistent drought, food insecurity and conflicts inneighbouring countries. Without funding for the key activities described above, the shortfall of food,water and safe housing will continue to threaten the welfare of Djibouti’s children and women. Thisamount is aligned with the 2012 Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP) requirements.
More information on humanitarian action planned for 2012 can be found at www.unicef.org/hac2012 and the country office website at www.unicef.org/djibouti.1.2.3.United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, ‘Response to the Somali Displacement Crisis into Ethiopia, Djibouti and Kenya,2011’, UNHCR, Donor Relations and Resource Mobilization Service, Geneva, July 2011, p. 8.U.S. Fund for UNICEF,Drought in the Horn of Africa: Children in crisis – A proposal,U.S. Fund for UNICEF, New York, August 2011,p. 7.Global Information and Early Warning System on Food and Agriculture, ‘GIEWS Country Brief: Djibouti’, Food and AgricultureOrganization, Rome, 4 November 2011.
UNICEF HUMANITARIAN NEEDS FOR 2012(in US dollars)
4,500,000400,0002,800,000400,000200,00050,00040,000$8,390,000
NutritionHealthWater, sanitation and hygieneChild protectionEducationHIV and AIDSCluster coordinationTOTAL
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Iraqi refugees in Egypt, Jordan,Lebanon and the Syrian Arab RepublicCHILDREN AND WOMEN IN CRISISWith a persistent atmosphere of conflict, violence and political discord inside Iraq, more than 1.5 mil-lion Iraqis continue to seek refuge in surrounding countries, most notably Egypt, Jordan, Lebanonand the Syrian Arab Republic. According to UNHCR, the Syrian Arab Republic received the largestnumber of Iraqi refugees (estimated at 1 million by the Government1) with approximately 113,000people, including 45,000 children. There are an estimated 34,000 Iraqi refugees in Jordan; 9,300 inLebanon; and 7,500 in Egypt.2The return of people to their homes is impeded by continuing fearsand insecurity, while economic deterioration, a by-product of the current regional instability, presentsmajor financial and social challenges for refugee families in their countries of asylum.
MEETING URGENT NEEDS IN 2012UNICEF will continue to work with the Governments of Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and the Syrian ArabRepublic, as well as UNHCR, other UN agencies and NGOs to address the needs of vulnerable Iraqirefugees by providing the following interventions:
HUMANITARIANFUNDING AT WORK:HIGHLIGHTS FROM 2011As of October 2011, US$773,750(2 per cent) of the US$40,056,000requested was received for supportto Iraqi refugees.In Syria, more than 5,000 childrenbenefited from child-friendlyspaces, 4,000 education profession-als were trained and 60 schoolswere renovated. Capacity buildingof health professionals focused onmaternal and child health, nutritionand surveillance. National Immu-nization Days and a localized polioeradication campaign reachedmore than 90 per cent of childrenin high-risk areas.In Jordan, UNICEF successfullyadvocated for free access to publiceducation and learning materialsfor Iraqi refugee children. UNICEFsupported the Ministry of Educa-tion in operating 72 rental schools,20 double-shifted schools andmulti-purpose rooms at 29 schools.Twenty NGOs and community-based organizations providededucational and psychosocialservices to 10,000 Iraqi andJordanian children.In Lebanon, UNICEF offeredpsychosocial assistance to 125cases; support classes to 300children; vocational training for25 dropouts; referral of 150 casesto basic social service providers;and training to 100 teachersand social workers in 4 socialdevelopment centres.In Egypt, 15 health workers weretrained in comprehensive healthscreening for 3,000 childrenunder 5, in addition to awareness,education and support in nutritionand disease prevention to theirmothers. The medical referralsystem was strengthened forcritical cases.
• In the Syrian Arab Republic, more than 10,000 refugees will receive primary health and nutrition careservices; 25,000 Iraqi children will be enrolled in preschool and primary and secondary schools; and1,000 vulnerable refugees and Syrians from hosting communities will receive vocational trainingfocusing on refugee minors, youth and school dropouts. Another 11,000 Iraqi and vulnerable Syrianchildren and 600 families will benefit from community-based psychosocial and protection services,and 7,500 Iraqis and Syrian adolescents will benefit from improved adolescent spaces and activities.
• In Jordan, UNICEF will support the Ministry of Education in accommodating Iraqi children in public
schools. At the community level, greater emphasis will be placed in providing educational and psy-chosocial assistance to the most vulnerable groups of Iraqis, including drop-out and out-of-schoolchildren, pre-primary school-age children, and children with disabilities. More than 9,000 Iraqi andJordanian children and their parents will receive assistance through community-based educationinterventions. Some 3,800 children and their parents and NGO professionals will benefit from psy-chosocial interventions. UNICEF will continue to co-lead the education sector working group withSave the Children to ensure effective coordination.for Iraqi refugee children and families. Psychosocial interventions will be provided to 300 Iraqirefugee children and their families. Communities will benefit from outreach activities of 200services providers in child protection mechanisms. UNICEF will enhance the capacity of 150teachers and administrators from the Ministry of Education, 50 social development centres and200 parents to improve the integration of Iraqi refugees in the national school system. In addition,200 Iraqi children and youth who are dropouts will be supported through vocational training, life-skills activities, recreational activities and assistance for reintegration into the formal educationalsystem. In close coordination with UNHCR, identified cases of at-risk children will be monitored,and advocacy for the integration of Iraqi refugee concerns into the national agenda continued.building for 25 psychosocial workers will be supported in collaboration with the Psychosocial Train-ing Institute. UNICEF will increase the capacity of 13 primary health centres to operate as healthybaby clinics, and conduct health awareness and screening among Iraqi mothers and 3,000 children.
• In Lebanon, UNICEF will promote the protective environment within schools and communities
• In Egypt, UNICEF will improve access to psychosocial counselling for 1,500 Iraqi children. Capacity
FUNDING REQUIREMENTS FOR 2012UNICEF is requesting a total of US$11,404,000 for its work assisting vulnerable Iraqi women andchildren in Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and the Syrian Arab Republic, who require sustained assistanceto assure basic living standards and fundamental protection.
More information on humanitarian action planned for 2012 can be found at www.unicef.org/hac2012.1.2.Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees,UNHCR Global Appeal 2012–2013: Iraq,UNHCR, Geneva, 1 Decem-ber 2011, p. 154.Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees – Regional Data Analysis Group, Statistical Report on UNHCR Regis-tered Iraqis and Non-Iraqis: Iraq, Egypt, Iran, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, and the GCC countries’, UNHCR, Geneva, 31 October2011, pp. 5, 7, 9, 11, 13.
UNICEF HUMANITARIAN NEEDS FOR 2012(in US dollars)Lebanon610,000Childprotection225,000Child protection2,200,000Education325,000Education355,000Cluster550,000SUBTOTALJordanthSyria200,000Nutrition700,000Health1,600,000Child4,500,000100,0007,100,000
60,000479,00050,000589,000
Egypt
NutritionHealthCluster coordinationSUBTOTAL
3,165,000
coordinationSUBTOTAL
protectionEducationClustercoordinationSUBTOTAL
$11,404,000TOTAL
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Occupied Palestinian TerritoryCHILDREN AND WOMEN IN CRISISThe protracted conflict and Israeli military occupation continue to take a toll on the children andwomen in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, resulting in the death of 15 children and the injuryof 351 children between January and October 2011.1Demolitions of homes, schools and health-care centres continue to cause disruption in services basic to human rights, such as education andhealth care. Heightened regional tension during the ‘Arab Spring’, coupled with internal politicalreconciliation and statehood application have brought about further strain. The Israeli blockade onGaza has entered its sixth year, with continued serious humanitarian consequences for 1.6 millionpeople, of which more than 50 per cent are under age 18.2Limited access to goods, services andhuman resources presents a daily challenge for citizens as well as the humanitarian aid community.
MEETING URGENT NEEDS IN 2012UNICEF leads the WASH cluster, the child protection working group and the Israel/OccupiedPalestinian Territory working group on grave violations against children, and co-leads the educationcluster in the Occupied Palestinian Territory. UNICEF also contributes to the health, food securityand nutrition clusters. Together with the Government of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, otherUN agencies and NGOs, UNICEF will provide an effective emergency response to reach 1.8 millionchildren and women (including more than 803,000 children, 240,000 women and 68,000 caregivers)through well-informed, collective and coordinated interventions.
HUMANITARIANFUNDING AT WORK:HIGHLIGHTS FROM 2011In 2011, UNICEF estimated thatUS$18,295,000 was needed tofund its humanitarian work in theOccupied Palestinian Territory.As of end October 2011, a totalof US$11,274,979 (62 per cent)had been received. UNICEF usedthese funds to counsel about18,000 mothers on exclusivebreastfeeding, and to providemicronutrient supplementationfor 210,000 children and 105,000pregnant or breastfeedingwomen. UNICEF also suppliedaccess to safe drinking water for51,000 people (out of a plannedfigure of 207,000), improvedsanitation through emergencyrepairs of water and sewagenetworks, and rehabilitatedWASH facilities in 39 schools tobenefit 23,000 children and about800 teachers. Improved accessto basic education benefitednearly 14,000 children. Access toalternative learning opportunitieswas provided for close to 19,000adolescents at risk of droppingout of school, more than theplanned goal of 13,500. Protectionand psychosocial services,including group and individualcounseling, helped 16,000 girlsand boys and more than 4,000caregivers; emergency andindividual counseling benefitedabout 660 children; and 400professionals and volunteersreceived improved knowledgeand skills to better supportchildren and caregivers’ resilienceand coping mechanisms.
• About 280,000 children and 120,000 women will benefit from mobile clinics, provision of essential
drugs and medical commodities. At least 210,000 children and 110,000 women will receive nutri-tional support through micronutrient supplementation and promotion of exclusive breastfeedingthrough post-natal home visits. They will benefit from the implementation of the Baby FriendlyHospital Initiative3in five hospitals (two in the West Bank and three in Gaza).women through water tanks, rehabilitated sanitation facilities and installation of water and sew-age pipes.efit from alternate learning opportunities, while nearly 1,500 parents and school staff will haveimproved capacity to work with adolescents in emergencies.
• Access to safe water and sanitation will be provided to approximately 20,000 children and 10,000• As many as 4,800 children will have safe access to education and 12,600 adolescents will ben-• Protection and psychosocial support will be provided to about 157,000 children. An estimated61,000 caregivers will be trained in protection and coping skills, and some 4,000 professionals andvolunteers will be mobilized in child protection networks, family centres and child safe spaces.
FUNDING REQUIREMENTS FOR 2012UNICEF requests US$15,436,000 for its humanitarian work in 2012. UNICEF has aligned the requestwith the 2012 Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP) requirements. Without the funding, children andwomen in the Occupied Palestinian Territory will not have basic needs met in terms of clean water,quality education, protection, health and nutrition.
More information on humanitarian action planned for 2012 can be found at www.unicef.org/hac2012 and the country office website at www.unicef.org/oPt.1.2.3.United Nations Children’s Fund, ‘Children Affected by Armed Conflict (CAAC) Bulletin: Israel & the Occupied Palestinian Territory’,UNICEF, New York, September 2011, p. 2.United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, ‘Occupied Palestinian Territory: Humanitarian situation in theGaza Strip’, OCHA, East Jerusalem, July 2011, p. 1.United Nations Children’s Fund, ‘The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative’. UNICEF, New York, www.unicef.org/nutrition/index_24806.html.
UNICEF HUMANITARIAN NEEDS FOR 2012(in US dollars)
907,0001,068,0002,630,0006,076,0003,425,0001,330,000$15,436,000
NutritionHealthWater, sanitation and hygieneChild protectionEducationCluster coordinationTOTAL
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Republic of SudanCHILDREN AND WOMEN IN CRISISThe Republic of Sudan experienced an outbreak of armed conflict in the border areas in 2011, aswell as a lack of humanitarian access in the wake of the Republic of South Sudan’s secession in July.Violence and insecurity, particularly in Abyei, the Blue Nile and South Kordofan, severely affected ordisplaced more than an estimated 440,000 people1– most of them women and children – and is butone example of the urgent need for intervention. In the three Darfur states where 1.9 million peopleremain displaced in camps,2inadequate humanitarian access due to insecurity, weak physical infra-structure and the sharp decline in funding levels has been a significant challenge.The nutrition situation in Sudan is characterized by chronically high levels of acute malnutrition, a trendconfirmed by the Sudan Household Survey 2010, which showed a prevalence of global acute malnu-trition of 16.4 per cent and severe acute malnutrition of 5.3 per cent,3both well above internationalthresholds for an emergency situation. This translates to more than 300,000 children in Sudan withlife-threatening severe wasting at any given time. Meanwhile, diminishing harvests caused by droughtand below-average rainfall, as well as the steady increase in food prices throughout the past five years,rising inflation and increased cost of living have exacerbated the existing socio-economic context andis likely to have further negative effects on children and women, particularly in conflict zones.
HUMANITARIANFUNDING AT WORK:HIGHLIGHTS FROM 2011In 2011, UNICEF estimated thatUS$131,068,300 was neededfor its humanitarian work inSudan. As of end October 2011,US$40,067,906 (31 per cent) hadbeen received. UNICEF expandedcoverage for the treatmentfor severe acute malnutrition,treating 25,000 children inthe first half of 2011. Increasedaccess to primary health-careservices benefited at least6 million people, the majority ofwhom were children. More than4 million people were providedemergency WASH services incamps for internally displacedpersons, host communities,schools and health centres inDarfur, East Sudan and the ThreeTransitional Areas. More than1,000 children associated witharmed forces were released andreintegrated; and psychosocialsupport was provided to morethan 70,000 conflict-affectedchildren. Access and qualityof education improved for340,000 children (more than theprogrammatic goal of 300,000)in the most disadvantaged anddifficult-to-reach communities ofDarfur, East Sudan and the ThreeTransitional Areas. Non-fooditems, such as blankets, sleepingmats, etc., were given to morethan 1.4 million displaced people.More than 250,000 people amongthe returning and resettlingpopulation in Khartoum’s newlyurbanized centre, as well asat Kosti Transit Centre, werereached with communicationand advocacy.
MEETING URGENT NEEDS IN 2012In 2012, UNICEF will aim to meet the urgent needs of more than 7 million at-risk children and womenin conflict-affected regions, particularly in Darfur and the Three Transitional Areas,4as well as inEast Sudan.
• At least 150,000 severely malnourished children will receive ready-to-use therapeutic food.• Sustained access to essential health services for high-impact preventive and curative interven-tions, to reduce common childhood illnesses including diarrhoea, malaria, acute respiratory infec-tions and vaccine-preventable diseases, will reach nearly 7 million pregnant women and childrenunder 5.children.
• Sustained access to WASH services will be provided to at least 4 million people, including 800,000• Protective services, for 3 million people, including 500,000 women and 2.4 million children, will beimproved by providing reintegration and psychosocial support, capacity building, coordination,mine-risk education and supplies.Darfur, East Sudan and the Three Transitional Areas will have improved access to quality education.tion, care and treatment of HIV and AIDS.
• More than 400,000 children in the most disadvantaged and difficult-to-reach communities in
• More than 2 million children, adolescents and women will have access to information on preven-• UNICEF will focus on communication and advocacy to facilitate improved mobilization and com-munity readiness in response to emergencies.
FUNDING REQUIREMENTS FOR 2012UNICEF is requesting US$98,083,000 to continue its humanitarian work in Sudan. UNICEF has alignedthis request with the Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP) requirements. With the continued disrup-tions of livelihoods in Darfur, the intensification of localized conflicts and ongoing challenges of HIV,undernutrition, disease outbreaks and food insecurity, funding and support from donors and partnerswill enable UNICEF to reach more than 7 million children and women throughout Sudan with criticallife-saving support.
More information on humanitarian action planned for 2012 can be found at www.unicef.org/hac2012 and the country office website at www.unicef.org/sudan.1.2.3.4.United Nations, ‘Sudan Humanitarian Work Plan 2012’, forth-coming.United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, ‘Sudan: 2011 Humanitarian Snapshot (as of 24 October 2011)’,OCHA, New York.‘Sudan Household Survey, 2010’, analysed using World Health Organization Growth Standards.The Three Transitional Areas, which include Abyei, Blue Nile State and Southern Kordofan State, were afforded special statusunder the Comprehensive Peace Agreement.
UNICEF HUMANITARIAN NEEDS FOR 2012(in US dollars)
18,300,00017,500,00025,630,0009,750,00018,157,0002,981,0002,435,0003,330,000$98,083,000
NutritionHealthWater, Sanitation and HygieneChild ProtectionEducationHIV and AIDSReturnees and early reintegrationCluster coordinationTOTAL
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YemenCHILDREN AND WOMEN IN CRISISThe civil unrest that began in February 2011 exacerbated pre-existing political and tribal tensions,heightening levels of violence in the main cities and towns of Yemen. This added new sources ofinstability to an already volatile and impoverished country that has very high levels of undernutritionamong children and, increasingly, among pregnant women. The total number of displaced people inthe northern, southern and central governorates reached 420,000 people, of whom about 80,000 arechildren under 5 and another 80,000 are pregnant or breastfeeding women in the emergency sitesalone.1A lack of safe water resulted in increased outbreaks of waterborne diseases, such as choleraand acute watery diarrhoea.The unrest led to disrupted education and return to school has been hindered for more than 280,000children, as their schools are inaccessible, occupied by armies or hosting internally displaced persons.2The recruitment of children by anti- and pro-government militia in the north and by both governmentformal forces3and other armed groups in other parts of the country is increasingly a concern. Theunrest has also impacted the psychosocial well-being of children and has increased child labour, childtrafficking, and the likelihood of forced early marriage for girls as an economic coping mechanism.4
HUMANITARIANFUNDING AT WORK:HIGHLIGHTS FROM 2011UNICEF had receivedUS$23,352,808 as of end October2011. Full funding enabledUNICEF to accomplish the follow-ing results. UNICEF provided nutri-tion supplies to 37,000 childrensuffering from severe acutemalnutrition; the communitymanagement of the moderatemalnutrition programmereached 36,000.An immunization campaignreached 180,000 children under5; some 54,000 children receivedmeasles vaccines. More than102,000 children received vitaminA supplementation. Of the pro-grammatic goal of reaching 13,000infants, 86 per cent received oralpolio vaccines and 67 per centreceived measles vaccines.UNICEF established a biweeklyhousehold survey to monitor keyareas related to child health andwell-being, providing the onlycurrent household data for Yemen.UNICEF provided WASH assistanceto 80,000 people (half of themchildren), including internallydisplaced persons, migrants andvulnerable host communities.Out of some 14,000 cases ofidentified vulnerable children,79 per cent were referred toprotection and other services.The psychosocial well-beingof some 102,000 children waspromoted through community-and school-based services.Advocacy on grave child rightsviolations continued and resultedfor the first time in the listing oftwo parties in Yemen in 2011 inthe annual Report of the Secretary-General on Children and ArmedConflict. Concerns about theseviolations were also raised atthe Human Rights Council inSeptember 2011.
Security, political instability and conflict are major constraints to programme implementation that arepartially being overcome through remote programming, strengthening local capacity and expandingpartnerships with NGOs.
MEETING URGENT NEEDS IN 2012UNICEF will provide leadership and coordinate the education, nutrition and WASH clusters and the childprotection sub-cluster, as well as participate actively in the health cluster to achieve the following results:
• UNICEF will assist community- and facility- level screening , management and treatment of some105,000 severe acute malnutrition cases, and will provide micronutrient supplements to 1.1 mil-lion pregnant or breastfeeding women and children under 5. The availability of supplies such asready-to-use therapeutic foods, related medicines and micronutrients, in addition to anthropo-metric equipment, will be provided in all governorates, targeting two health facilities per district.under 5 and 325,000 pregnant or breastfeeding women will be provided.
• Pre-emptive vaccination campaigns and comprehensive outreach services for 1.3 million children• UNICEF will provide, through formal and non-formal education, an environment conducive tolearning for 700,000 of the 1 million children at risk of education disruption.
• More than 240,000 vulnerable and affected people, half of whom are children, in north, central and
south Yemen will be assisted with WASH services, including water supply through trucking, house-hold water treatment/storage, repair of water systems and sanitation promotion through safeexcreta disposal and solid waste management, while providing hygiene education and supplies.ance from violence, abuse, exploitation and neglect. UNICEF will also continue to report on gravechild rights violations through the Monitoring and Reporting Mechanism.
• Approximately 400,000 conflict-affected and vulnerable children will be provided protection assist-
FUNDING REQUIREMENTS FOR 2012In line with the Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP) requirements, UNICEF is seeking US$49,807,000to procure essential supplies and implement proposed interventions across all governorates inYemen. Funding shortfalls will seriously compromise the protection of children from violence, exploi-tation, abuse, neglect and recruitment by armed groups. In addition, some 53,000 children will be atserious risk of undernutrition, and the lack of water and sanitation will increase death and illness.
More information on humanitarian action planned for 2012 can be found at www.unicef.org/hac2012 and the country office website at www.unicef.org/yemen.1.2.3.4.Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees – IDP Executive Unit, 26 September 2011, and UNICEF populationestimate.United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, ‘Yemen Humanitarian Emergency Situation Report No. 9’,OCHA, New York and Geneva, 14 October 2011, p. 2.The Human Rights Council (A/HRC/18/21) report issued on 13 September 2011 and presented to the Council highlights the use andrecruitment of children by armed forces/ groups (including security forces); as well asChildren and Armed Conflict,Report of theSecretary General (A/65/820– S/2011/250), United Nations, New York, 25 April 2011.Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, ‘Yemen: New displacement due to unrest displacement due to Sa’ada conflict contin-ues’, IDMC, Geneva, 3 October, 2011, p. 6.
UNICEF HUMANITARIAN NEEDS FOR 2012(in US dollars)
15,785,0006,527,00013,880,0006,950,0006,665,000$49,807,000
NutritionHealthWater, sanitation and hygieneChild protectionEducationTOTAL
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South Asia
AFGHANISTAN • PAKISTAN • SRI LANKA
South AsiaCHILDREN AND WOMEN IN CRISISSouth Asia, where UNICEF has offices in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal,Pakistan and Sri Lanka, is one of the most populous and emergency-prone regions in the world. It ismarked by a lack of coping and adaptive capacities to natural hazards such as earthquakes, seasonalfloods and cold spells. It also suffers from localized conflicts and internal tensions fuelled in part bysocial-economic disparities and equity issues.Three countries in the region are among the top 20 high-risk countries for natural hazards, accord-ing to the 2011 World Risk Report.1In 2011, Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Sri Lanka were all severelyaffected by monsoon floods. An exceptionally heavy monsoon hit the southern Pakistan provinceof Sindh between mid-August and mid-September. Of the 5.4 million people affected, half werechildren.2UNICEF appealed for US$50.3 million to support its humanitarian response for the health,nutrition, education and protection of flood-affected children and women in Sindh.3Afghanistan wasaffected by a severe drought that required the humanitarian community to launch a revised con-solidated appeal on 1 October4enabling humanitarian agencies to prevent the situation from furtherdeteriorating for 2.6 million severely-affected persons. On 18 September, an earthquake measur-ing 6.8 on the Richter scale struck Bhutan, Northeastern India and Western Nepal. The earthquake’simpact was particularly severe in Bhutan, where it caused structural damage to more than 8,000houses, 110 schools and 36 health centres throughout the country.5Ongoing internal conflicts within countries in the region have also aggravated the humanitariancontext for women and children. The Afghanistan conflict, now in its tenth year, shows no sign ofabating, and internal displacement, civilian casualties and lack of access to essential health servicesall continue to rise in 2011. According to several reports, humanitarian space dwindled while localcommunities reportedly were forced to take sides in the conflict.6In Pakistan, the fight against insur-gents in the country’s tribal belt has continued to displace more than 800,000 people.7The humanitar-ian funding requirements in 2012 for Afghanistan, Pakistan and Sri Lanka are described in separatechapters; however, technical support from the UNICEF Regional Office for South Asia will be requiredin 2012 for emergency preparedness and response across eight countries in South Asia.
South Asia, populousand emergency-prone, is marked bya lack of coping andadaptive capacitiesto natural hazardssuch as earthquakes,seasonal floods andcold spells. Localizedconflicts and internaltensions are fuelledin part by social-economic disparitiesand inequities.
MEETING URGENT NEEDS IN 2012
• In 2012, UNICEF will augment the disaster risk reduction and emergency preparedness capacity
of UNICEF country offices and partners in the South Asia region, as well as strengthen regionalsupport to UNICEF country offices in emergency response and UNICEF-led cluster areas/areas ofresponsibility (i.e., WASH, nutrition, education and child protection).8itarian action.
• UNICEF will also enhance regional support for knowledge management and partnership in human-• Regional support will cover all eight countries in South Asia. The UNICEF regional office will alsochannel specific emergency preparedness and response contributions received to countries (e.g.,Bhutan, Maldives and Nepal) that do not have a stand-alone appeal in this document. In the caseof a small-to-medium scale emergency in these countries, national authorities might not prioritizeinter-agency appeals as key fundraising tools, yet international support in certain specific sectorswould be welcomed. This component of theHumanitarian Action for Childrenwill provide such avehicle for funding and technical assistance
1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.
United Nations University Institute for Environment and Human Security, ‘World Risk Report 2011’, Alliance Development Works,Berlin, 2011, p. 64. The South Asia countries include: Afghanistan (15), Bangladesh (6), and Bhutan (18).United Nations Children’s Fund, ‘UNICEF Pakistan Update: 2011 Floods – Needs and Response’, UNICEF Pakistan, Islamabad, 2November 2011, p. 1.Ibid., p.3.The 2011 Consolidated Appeal for Afghanistan, Emergency Revision in Response to Drought is an additional funding request inthe amount of US$142 million to enable humanitarian agencies to respond to this drought.United Nations Central Emergency Response Fund, ‘Quarterly Update: 3rd Quarter 2011’, United Nations Office for the Coordina-tion of Humanitarian Affairs, New York, 14 October 2011, p. 3.Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, ‘Afghanistan: Armed conflict forces increasing numbers of Afghans to flee theirhomes – A profile of the internal displacement situation’, Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, Geneva, 11 April 2011, p. 80.Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, ‘UNHCR Global Appeal 2011 Update: Pakistan’, UNHCR, Geneva, 1December 2010, p. 186.For cost-saving reasons, the cluster technical support in WASH, education and child protection will be based in the UNICEF EastAsia and Pacific Regional Office in Bangkok, but will be available to South Asian countries.
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SOUTH ASIALine of Control as promulgated in the1972 SIMLA AgreementChinese Line
HUMANITARIANFUNDING AT WORK:HIGHLIGHTS FROM 2011In 2011 the UNICEF RegionalEmergency Team providedsupport to all eight countriesin the region for emergency-preparedness capacity buildingthrough inter-agency missions.It also allowed for direct‘surge’ support in the acuteemergency-response phase forthe Pakistan Sindh flood andcluster coordination support(e.g., WASH cluster support forUNICEF and partners’ responseto the Afghanistan drought).In addition, it provided supportfor the WASH, nutrition andchild protection working groupfor the Pakistan Sindh floodand disaster-risk reductionmainstreaming in UNICEFcountry programmes (e.g.,Bangladesh, India, Maldives andNepal). This regional supportrepresented 35 missionstotaling 326 person-days.The UNICEF Regional Emer-gency Team also technicallyreviewed and cleared theUNICEF humanitarian plansand appeals from emergency-affected countries.
Jammu
Aksai ChinIndian Line
Afghanistan
andKashmir
Dotted line represents approximately the Lineof Control in Jammu and Kashmir agreed uponby India and Pakistan. The final status of Jammuand Kashmir has not been agreedupon by the parties.
C H I N APakistanNepal
Indian Line
ArunachalPradesh
Chinese Line
BhutanBangladeshIndia
Sri Lanka
MaldivesThe boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the UnitedNations.
FUNDING REQUIREMENTS FOR 2012In order to carry out its planned regional emergency support actions in 2012, the UNICEF RegionalOffice for South Asia is requesting US$3,990,000 from donors. This includes US$3 million for prepar-edness and response activities in emergency-prone countries in the region that are not included ina separate chapter in theHumanitarian Action for Childrenand which are likely not to benefit frominter-agency flash appeals for small-to-medium size emergencies. The funding is critical to continueto provide technical assistance for emergency preparedness, disaster risk reduction, and cluster sup-port costs for WASH, nutrition, education and child protection.Adequate funding will enable the UNICEF Regional Office for South Asia to deliver on its full rangeof regional accountabilities under UNICEF’s Core Commitments for Children in Humanitarian Action.
More information on humanitarian action planned for 2012 can be found at www.unicef.org/hac2012 and the regional office website at www.unicef.org/rosa.
UNICEF HUMANITARIAN NEEDS FOR 2012(in US dollars)
525,000115,000285,0003,065,000
Regional office technical capacityRegional office emergency support activitiesRegional office cluster coordination supportEmergency preparedness and response inemergency-prone countries in the region
$3,990,000TOTAL
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AfghanistanCHILDREN AND WOMEN IN CRISISViolence in Afghanistan continues to inflict severe suffering and is undermining efforts to provide a pro-tective and secure environment for children. A total of 147,661 people were displaced between Januaryand August 2011, bringing the cumulative number of the conflict-related displaced population to 473,000(73,452 families).1Recruitment and use of children in armed conflict emerged as an increasing concern.Children represented at least 81 per cent of mine/explosive remnants of war casualties in the country.Up to 3 million Afghans are severely affected by an unprecedented drought, the eighth in 11 years.There is a significant shortage of safe drinking water, deteriorating sanitation, and an increase inwaterborne or water-shortage disease outbreaks. Some 525,000 children under 5 are at risk of severeacute malnutrition,and trends registered in the second half of 2011 show that roughly 60,000 childrennationwide will need nutrition therapeutic care in 2012.2Measles outbreaks are common, with 107small-scale outbreaks reported and 1,606 measles cases captured by active surveillance systemsfrom 107 districts as of August 2011.3Afghanistan is one of four polio-endemic countries in the world.The harsh winter conditions, which are often accompanied by flooding, disrupt education for children,particularly in schools that are not adequately designed for the conditions.
HUMANITARIANFUNDING AT WORK:HIGHLIGHTS FROM 2011As of end October 2011, UNICEFhad received US$5,642,548 ofthe US$22,698,000 requested forits humanitarian work. With onlyone fourth of the funding needsreceived, UNICEF was able toachieve results in the followingareas: Some 149,000 childrenunder 5 and 28,406 pregnant orbreastfeeding women receivedlife-saving basic maternal andchild health and nutritionservices. An additional 245,000children 6–59 months old and246,000 pregnant or breastfeedingwomen received multiple micro-nutrients and folic acid. Morethan 12,000 children 9–59 monthsold (99 per cent of the program-matic goal) were immunizedagainst measles.A total of 20,000 family kits weredistributed to internally displacedfamilies. Additionally, 10,000sweaters for children under 2were distributed and some 14,000blankets were pre-positioned forthermal protection.At least 200,000 displaced anddrought-affected people gainedaccess to safe drinking water andsanitation facilities. Nearly 4,000community-based classes wereestablished, providing educationto 125,000 children. Some 400schools, which had been closeddue to insecurity, were reopenedwith a community-based protec-tion initiative. A total of 1,050cases of violations dealing withchildren in conflict with thelaw, family separation, sexualabuse and child trafficking wereidentified, followed up with andreferred to support services.
MEETING URGENT NEEDS IN 2012UNICEF is lead of the nutrition and WASH clusters and the child protection sub-cluster in Afghanistan,as well as co-lead for education. Together with the Government of Afghanistan, other UN agenciesand NGOs, UNICEF will seek to meet the basic humanitarian needs of an estimated 2.4 million vulner-able people. Efforts will include:
• Approximately 48,000 severely malnourished children and 91,000 pregnant or breastfeeding women liv-ing in emergency-affected areas will benefit from community-based nutrition care, as well as counselingon infant and young child feeding and supplementary feeding. In order to address micronutrient defi-ciencies for more than 210,000 pregnant or breastfeeding women, UNICEF will promote complementaryfeeding and protection from use of unsolicited infant formula and other inappropriate baby foods.areas will benefit from immunization and basic maternal, newborn and child health care.
• More than 345,000 children under 5 and 69,000 pregnant women from drought- and conflict-affected• Sustainable safe drinking-water sources, sanitation facilities and hygiene services will be providedto 800,000 internally displaced persons (480,000 of them children). This population of displacedpersons includes 100,000 refugee returnees mainly from Iran and Pakistan, 200,000 persons dis-placed due to conflict and other disasters and 400,000 people affected by natural hazards. Serviceswill include repair of 2,000 non functional water points and systems and construction of 600 com-munity water systems. Provision of WASH facilities in 150 schools will benefit 100,000 students(about 50 per cent girls and female teachers). UNICEF will also construct 30 strategic water points,provide WASH emergency supplies and train hygiene educators, mechanics and pump caretakerson the operation, maintenance and management of WASH systems.education will be provided to 580,000 students, focusing on girls, and 800 teachersaffected by conflict and natural hazards through provision of safe, secure child-friendly learningenvironments and relief supplies of emergency teaching and learning materials. In addition, some450,000 students and teachers will be able to continue schooling during the harsh winter season.provided to at least 4,000 people, including 3,000 children, who are at risk of violence, abuse and neglect.
• Emergency
• Psychosocial support, structured play and recreational activities, along with mine-risk education, will beFUNDING REQUIREMENTS FOR 2012In line with the Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP) requirements, UNICEF is requesting US$31,661,000for its emergency activities in Afghanistan. Underfunding will leave millions of Afghans without safedrinking water and life-saving health and nutrition services, as well as deny thousands of children theopportunity to attend school and access to protection services. Full funding will ensure that UNICEFand partners can strengthen emergency preparedness and response at national and community levels.
More information on humanitarian action planned for 2012 can be found at www.unicef.org/hac2012 and the country office website at www.unicef.org/afghanistan1.2.3.United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, ‘Monthly Humanitarian Update’, OCHA Afghanistan, Kabul,August 2011, p. 1.United States Agency for International Development and iMMAP, ‘Afghanistan: Emergency Food Security Assessment’, USAIDand iMMAP, Washington, D.C., 27 July 2011.Measles/Rubella Case Finding Indicators in Afghanistan between 1 January 2011–20 August 2011, 6 September 2011 and Ministryof Public Health, ‘Weekly Morbidity and Mortality Report 44 (5th Yr)’, Afghanistan, 6 November 2011.
UNICEF HUMANITARIAN NEEDS FOR 2012(in US dollars)
10,400,0001,903,0009,576,000604,0008,392,000786,000$31,661,000
NutritionHealthWater, sanitation and hygieneChild protectionEducationCluster coordinationTOTAL
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PakistanCHILDREN AND WOMEN IN CRISISIn 2011, an estimated 5.4 million people in Pakistan were affected by floods that ravaged the countryin the wake of heavy monsoon rains.1Some 1.8 million people were displaced as homes were sweptaway and livelihoods lost.2The devastation left around 2 million children and 1.7 million women vul-nerable to diseases, undernutrition, abuse and exploitation.3With 40 million people living in poverty,4recovery from such natural disasters is hampered. In northwestern Pakistan, nearly 950,000 people(126,224 families) remain displaced, residing either in displacement camps or in host areas.Given the occurrence of devastating floods for two years in a row, disaster risk reduction activitiesfor flooded areas are essential. The scale of the disasters affecting Pakistan, the frequent populationmovements, ongoing strife and an insufficient number of implementing partners continue to poseserious challenges to humanitarian relief efforts in the country.5
MEETING URGENT NEEDS IN 2012UNICEF is the cluster lead in WASH and nutrition, co-lead in education and lead in the child protectionsub-cluster6in Pakistan. In 2012, UNICEF will work with the Government of Pakistan, other UN agen-cies and NGOs to respond to the needs of the millions of children and women affected by the floodsof 2010 and 2011 and the 950,000 displaced due to conflict.
HUMANITARIANFUNDING AT WORK:HIGHLIGHTS FROM 2011In 2011, UNICEF estimated thatUS$104,359,947 was neededfor its humanitarian work inPakistan. As of end October 2011,US$16,247,179 had been received,or 16 per cent of the goal. Withthat funding, UNICEF quicklyresponded to devastating floodsthat struck the country in 2010and again in late 2011. In flood-affected areas, sanitation facilitieswere improved for nearly 3 millionpeople and safe drinking waterwas provided to approximately2 million people. A hygiene pro-motion campaign reached morethan 1.7 million people.UNICEF improved the health ofmillions of children, distributingmore than 183,000 antigens andvitamin A supplementation toat-risk children, providing 2.5million doses of measles vaccinesand 2.5 million doses of polio vac-cines, and treating some 400,000acutely malnourished children.In conflict-affected areas,UNICEF vaccinated 3.7 millionchildren against polio andprovided vitamin A supplementsfor 4.2 million children. Morethan 200,000 people receivedsafe drinking water and nearly120,000 acutely malnourishedchildren were treated. Approxi-mately 205,000 children receivededucation services, while anadditional 56,000 children and22,000 at-risk women weresupported by protection services.
• More than 2.8 million children under 5 will be vaccinated against preventable childhood diseases,• More
including measles and polio. More than 260,000 pregnant or breastfeeding women and an esti-mated 83,000 newborns will be provided with life-saving interventions and essential health services.than 1.2 million children 6–59 months old and 800,000 pregnant or breastfeeding womenwill be provided nutrition services, including micronutrient supplementation, screening, outpatientand clinical treatments, and education on infant feeding and hygiene.and promote healthy hygiene practices in order to reduce vulnerability to preventable diseases.
• UNICEF will provide 1.5 million people with access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities• Nearly 319,000 children will be provided with educational opportunities at protective learning spacesand transitional school structures. UNICEF will also support child friendly schooling, teacher trainingand the provision of necessary school supplies.
• More than 399,000 children, adolescents and women will benefit from protective learning and care
services, including psychosocial support, recreation activities, non-formal education and gender-based violence prevention programmes. UNICEF will also distribute information on HIV preventionto 29,000 at-risk women.
FUNDING REQUIREMENTS FOR 2012In 2012, UNICEF is requesting US$88,400,000 for humanitarian action in Pakistan.7This funding willprovide critical support to women and children in both flood- and conflict-affected regions. Under-funding will greatly increase the vulnerability of displaced children and women to potentially fataldiseases, undernutrition and social protection risks.
More information on humanitarian action planned for 2012 can be found at www.unicef.org/hac2012 and the country office website at www.unicef.org/pakistan.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.United Nations, ‘Multi-sector Needs Assessment 2011-Pakistan’, presentation, UN, 30 November 2011, p. 10, http://pakresponse.info/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=CraH1C3PyWQ%3d&tabid=41&mid=597, accessed 12 December 2011.Ibid., p. 11.Ibid., p. 11.Ibid., p. 3.Government of Pakistan FATA Disaster Management Authority, ‘FATA IDPs Statistics’, FATA Disaster Management Authority,Peshawar, Pakistan, http://fdma.gov.pk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=30&Itemid=27, accessed 20 November2011.The humanitarian clusters of WASH, nutrition, education and protection are operational in KP, FATA; the early recovery thematicworking groups are operational in the areas affected by the 2010 floods; and the WASH cluster and the nutrition, education andchild protection working groups are operational in the areas affected by the 2011 floods.This includes the US$50.3 million requested by UNICEF in the inter-agency Pakistan Floods Rapid Response Plan launched on 18September 2011 for September 2011–March 2012.
UNICEF HUMANITARIAN NEEDS FOR 2012(in US dollars)
18,610,00015,222,00037,576,0004,016,00011,183,000400,0001,393,000$88,400,000
NutritionHealthWater, sanitation and hygieneChild protectionEducationHIV and AIDSCluster coordinationTOTAL
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Sri LankaCHILDREN AND WOMEN IN CRISISThe end of a nearly 30-year civil war in May 2009 marked a period of promise in Sri Lanka, whichneeds to be translated into tangible new opportunities for the most vulnerable children and youthand their families in the Northern and Eastern Provinces. As of end August 2011, nearly 382,000 peoplehad returned to their districts of origin with hopes of reclaiming their lives.Yet the years of war havetaken a serious toll on already limited health services, water and sanitation facilities, education sys-tems and protective safety nets. Landmines and unexploded ordnance remain deadly, hidden threatsthroughout the North and East of Sri Lanka.Recovery efforts, including improving local infrastructure and expanding educational opportunities,are critical for the future of the newly returned population, which includes nearly 112,000 families.Additionally, 7,500 displaced persons, including close to 2,300 families, remain in camps. The numberof returnees and displaced, including the long-term displaced population, is more than 500,000.1The humanitarian goal remains to support these Sri Lankans in returning to their homes and provideaccess to improved social services, particularly to the most vulnerable returning children, to supportbuilding upon the current momentum towards reconciliation.
HUMANITARIANFUNDING AT WORK:HIGHLIGHTS FROM 2011As of end October 2011, donorfunding had provided 85 per centof the requested US$14,750,000.This funding enabled the provi-sion of nutritional and thera-peutic supplements to more than16,000 severely and moderatelymalnourished children. Morethan 10,000 children under 5 andpregnant or breastfeeding womengained access to health servicesin the recently refurbishedMullaitivu General Hospital.The general health status inresettlement areas was improvedwith the ongoing constructionand renovation of 13 primaryhealth-care centres in Kilinochchi,Mullaitivu and Mannar districts inthe Northern Province.Safe water was provided to morethan 33,000 resettled peoplethrough the cleaning and upgrad-ing of 874 dug wells and drillingof 27 tube wells. The rehabilitationand construction of 597 toiletsimproved sanitation and hygiene,and 105 educational sessions pro-moted better hygiene practices.Access to quality education wasimproved for approximately37,000 children by rehabilitating80 schools and training morethan 700 teachers in the ALP.Business training and self-employment grants were providedto 667 youth, while 644 vulnerablefamilies, including 1,900 children,received cash grants. Educationabout landmines and explosiveremnants of war (ERW) benefitedapproximately 170,000 childrenand 152,000 adults living inat-risk areas
MEETING URGENT NEEDS IN 2012UNICEF Sri Lanka is leading the WASH and nutrition clusters and the child protection sub-cluster, andis co-lead of the education cluster together with Save the Children. In 2012, UNICEF will work with theGovernment of Sri Lanka, other UN agencies, local and international NGOs, and host communities inaddressing the needs of vulnerable women and children in the Northern and Eastern Provinces.
• Nutritional assistance will be provided to an increasing number of vulnerable returnees, including30,000 children under 5 and 12,700 pregnant or breastfeeding women. Access to quality health,nutrition and early childhood care services will be enhanced for 42,700 pregnant or breastfeedingwomen and children in resettlement areas.iour will be promoted for 65,000 people in resettled areas. UNICEF will support child-friendly WASHfacilities that are also accessible to children who are disabled in 90 schools and 20 health centres.
• Access to improved water supply and sanitation facilities will be provided and better hygiene behav-• Child-friendly environments will be promoted in 750 schools benefiting 150,000 schoolchildren. An
Accelerated Learning Programme (ALP) will support reintegration and retention within the formaleducation system for up to 150,000 conflict-affected children. Psychosocial support will be providedfor 300,000 children to improve learning environments and enhance ALP achievement levels.for whom formal education is no longer an option. Engagement will be increased in family supportprogrammes, such as cash transfers, to 8,000 single-headed families, as well as psychosocial support,family mediation and referrals for 11,500 conflict-affected families and 110,000 children to strengthenfamily capacity to care for and protect children. UNICEF will assist restoration of social protection serv-ices through village-level child rights monitoring committees and through additional human resourcesand capacity building of child protection officers. Mine-safe behaviour will be promoted through edu-cation to approximately 400,000 resettled persons in the Northern and Eastern Provinces.
• Career guidance, life-skills training and employment will be provided for 3,000 vulnerable adolescents
FUNDING REQUIREMENTS FOR 2012UNICEF is requesting US$20,512,000 to carry out its planned activities in the Northern and EasternProvinces of Sri Lanka. This amount is more than that requested in 2011 due to the increasing num-bers of displaced people being resettled in areas where limited or no infrastructure and servicesare available, livelihood opportunities are lacking and mines/unexploded ordnance remain seriousthreats. Funding support by donors remains crucial to ensure that urgent services will be providedfor children and women rebuilding their lives in former conflict-affected areas.
More information on humanitarian action planned for 2012 can be found at www.unicef.org/hac2012 and the country office website at www.unicef.org/srilanka.1.United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, ‘Joint Humanitarian and Early Recovery Update: Report #35’,OCHA, New York, August 2011, p. 1. There are two major caseloads of displaced people in Sri Lanka. Those recently displaced or‘new’ internally displaced persons refer to those displaced after April 2008 and the ‘old’ protracted caseload refers to those dis-placed prior to April 2008. Note that the total population returned to the Northern Province includes returns from both categoriesof internally displaced persons.
UNICEF HUMANITARIAN NEEDS FOR 2012(in US dollars)
2,223,0002,169,0004,620,0003,500,0007,800,000200,000$20,512,000
NutritionHealthWater, sanitation and hygieneChild protectionEducationCluster coordinationTOTAL
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East Asia and Pacific
DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF KOREA • PHILIPPINES
East Asia and the PacificCHILDREN AND WOMEN IN CRISISMultiple natural hazards – earthquakes, monsoons and cyclones – affect countries in the East Asiaand Pacific region each year, their impact heightened by the extreme poverty and weakened infra-structure that characterize the region. Eight countries in the region are among the top 20 high-riskcountries for natural hazards, according to the 2011 World Risk Report.1In 2011, heavy floodingcaused by typhoons and heavy seasonal rains affected more than 9.5 million people across South-east Asia, including Cambodia, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, the Philippines, Thailand andViet Nam. The number of casualties in the region surpassed 800, with several thousand injured.2Bymid-October, 1.2 million people were affected in Cambodia, 430,000 in the Lao People’s DemocraticRepublic, 4 million in the Philippines, 2.4 million in Thailand and 3.3 million in Viet Nam.3On average,half of those affected were children. Although varying from one country to another, the humanitarianimpact of these floods was vast and multifaceted, with temporary displacement of populations anddestruction of schools and health centres essential to the well-being of children.
MEETING URGENT NEEDS IN 2012
Multiple naturalhazards – earth-quakes, monsoonsand cyclones – affectcountries in EastAsia and the Pacificeach year, theirimpact heightenedby extreme povertyand the region’sweakened infrastruc-ture. In 2011, heavyflooding affectedmore than 9.5 millionpeople acrossSoutheast Asia.
UNICEF’s East Asia and Pacific Regional Office will continue to work to strengthen its coordination ofswift and effective aid in the face of the many natural disasters across the region, with an emphasison preparedness and risk mitigation, including:
• The regional team will strengthen disaster risk reduction and emergency preparedness capacity ofUNICEF country offices and partners in the East Asia and Pacific region.
• Strengthened regional support will be provided to UNICEF country offices in UNICEF-led clusterareas, including WASH, nutrition, education and child protection.4Strengthened regional supportwill also be provided to UNICEF country offices in emergency response and cluster areas througha cluster support platform serving two regions, thereby creating economies of scale.in humanitarian action.
• Enhanced regional support will be provided in terms of knowledge management and partnership• Regional support will cover all 14 countries in the East Asia and Pacific region. The UNICEF regionaloffice will also channel specific emergency preparedness and response contributions receivedto countries that do not have a stand-alone appeal in this document. In the case of a small- tomedium-scale emergency in such countries, national authorities might not prioritize inter-agencyappeals as key fundraising tools, yet they would welcome international support in certain spe-cific sectors. This component of theHumanitarian Action for Childrenwill provide such a vehiclefor funding and technical assistance. Potential beneficiary countries include Fiji, the Lao People’sDemocratic Republic, Malaysia, Mongolia, Thailand and Timor-Leste.
1.2.3.4.
United Nations University Institute for Environment and Human Security, ‘World Risk Report 2011’, Alliance Development Works,Berlin, 2011. The eight countries include: Cambodia (9), Fiji (19), Papua New Guinea (12), Philippines (3), Solomon Islands (4),Timor-Leste (7), Tonga (2) and Vanuatu (1).Yale/Tulane ESF-8 Planning and Response Program Special Report: Threat of flooding – Bangkok’, 30 October 2011, p.2.Food and Agriculture Organization, ‘Southeast Asia Flood Update’, FAO GIEWS, Rome, 21 October 2011, p. 3–4.For cost-saving reasons, this technical cluster support capacity will be based in the UNICEF East Asia and Pacific Regional Officein Bangkok, but will be covering South Asian countries as well.
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EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC
HUMANITARIANFUNDING AT WORK:HIGHLIGHTS FROM 2011In 2011, the UNICEF RegionalEmergency Team providedsupport to 9 of the 14 countriesin the region for emergency-preparedness capacity building,including inter-agency missionsto the Democratic People’sRepublic of Korea, Fiji andThailand. Cluster coordinationsupport was also providedthrough WASH, education andnutrition cluster trainings forUNICEF and partners. Supportwas further provided to main-stream disaster risk reductionin UNICEF country programmesin the Lao People’s DemocraticRepublic, Myanmar and thePhilippines.Kiribati
Mongolia
DPR KoreaChina
Myanmar
LaosThailandCambodiaViet NamPhilippinesMarshallIslands
Mauritania
Micronesia
IndonesiaTimor-Leste
Papua New GuineaSolomon Islands
Vanuatu
Fiji
The boundaries and names shown and thedesignations used on this map do not imply official endorsementor acceptance by the United Nations.
The regional team undertooka total of 31 separate supportmissions totaling 256 persons/days. UNICEF also launched anIntegrated Capacity Develop-ment Approach in Educationin Emergencies, including aroad map in Timor-Leste. TheUNICEF Regional EmergencyTeam also ensured qualitycontrol of humanitarian plansand appeals from emergency-affected countries.
FUNDING REQUIREMENTS FOR 2012In order to carry out its 2012 planned regional emergency support actions, the UNICEF East Asiaand Pacific Regional Office is requesting US$4,700,000. This includes US$3,308,000 for preparednessactivities in emergency-prone countries in the region not included in a separate chapter.This funding is critical in order to continue to strengthen emergency preparedness and disaster riskreduction and provide support for the UNICEF-led WASH, nutrition, education and child protectionclusters. Fulfilled funding needs will enable the regional office to deliver on its full range of regionalaccountabilities under UNICEF’s Core Commitments for Children in Humanitarian Action.
More information on humanitarian action planned for 2012 can be found at www.unicef.org/hac2012 and the regional office website at www.unicef.org/eapro.
UNICEF HUMANITARIAN NEEDS FOR 2012(in US dollars)
505,00065,000822,0003,308,000
Regional office technical capacityRegional office emergency support activitiesRegional office cluster coordination supportEmergency preparedness and response inemergency-prone countries in the region
$4,700,000TOTAL
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Democratic People’s Republic of KoreaCHILDREN AND WOMEN IN CRISISUndernutrition defines the reality for many children and women in the Democratic People’s Republicof Korea. A failing economy and recurrent natural hazards have added new dimensions to a land-scape marked by food insecurity. In 2010, the infant mortality rate increased to 26 per 1,000 livebirths, compared with the 1990 level of 23 per 1,000 live births.1Pneumonia and diarrhoea, stemmingfrom a lack of access to safe water and sanitation facilities, particularly in rural areas, account for thedeaths of 28 per cent of children under 5.2Additionally, a shortage of education resources has dete-riorated school infrastructure and quality of education.Although UNICEF continues to implement the Expanded Programme on Immunization and micronu-trient supplementation, access to people in need remains challenging. UNICEF and other UN agen-cies follow the principle of ‘no access, no support’ and continue to advocate for transparency ofinformation and population access.
MEETING URGENT NEEDS IN 2012HUMANITARIANFUNDING AT WORK:HIGHLIGHTS FROM 2011UNICEF had receivedUS$5,096,810 as of end Octo-ber 2011 towards the requestedUS$20,435,477 to prevent afull-scale nutrition crisis, particu-larly among children. With onlyone fourth of the funding needsreceived, UNICEF gave priority tothe following key interventions forhighest impact: providing multiplemicronutrient interventions to allchildren 6–24 months old in 14baby homes, as well as 182,000pregnant women and 42,000breastfeeding women nationwide;extending community manage-ment of acute malnutrition from4 to 29 emergency counties, withsome 3,000 children with severeacute malnutrition to be undertreatment by end 2011; provid-ing routine vaccines to morethan 335,000 infants and 339,400pregnant women; distributingan estimated 8,500 essentialmedicine kits, benefiting 695,000children under 5 in four provinces;reaching more than 1 millionchildren 24–59 months old withdeworming tablets, and 3.4 mil-lion school-age children and 1.5million children 6–59 months oldwith vitamin A supplementationduring biannual Child Health Days;providing access to safe waterthrough gravity-fed water supplysystems to nearly 82,000 people,including some 25,000 childrenunder 18, in 6 rural communities;reaching at least 75,000 familieswith hygiene education material;improving water connections to1 county hospital, 3 RI clinics,12 child-care institutions and 6schools, benefiting some 3,000children; and providing approxi-mately 14,000 children in 74 otherinstitutions with emergency waterand hygiene kits, more than 1,000flood-affected families in Northand South Hwanghae with emer-gency water kits and more than3,000 children in 16 institutionswith early child development kits.UNICEF, together with the Government of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, NGOs andother international agencies, will focus on assisting the most vulnerable and hard-to-reach people inrural areas. As lead of the WASH, education and nutrition clusters, UNICEF expects to reach approxi-mately 10.6 million people, including 5.9 million women of childbearing age and more than 855,000girls and 892,000 boys under 5.
• In 2012, an integrated package of nutrition, WASH and health interventions will address severe
acute malnutrition for at least 13,300 children 0–59 months old in four provinces (Kangwon, NorthHamgyong, Ryanggang and South Hamgyong) and in 14 orphanages. In addition to biannualChild Health Days, interventions will address chronic malnutrition in the first 1,000 days of life viapreventive actions such as infant and young child feeding interventions and micronutrient sup-plementation. These interventions will target more than 1.6 million children 6–59 months old andmore than 6 million pregnant or breastfeeding women.and sustaining 95 per cent of total vaccine demand. UNICEF will provide 10,500 essential medicinekits in hospitals and health facilities and 300 kits for newborn care, midwifery and emergencyobstetrics.
• Some 350,000 infants and 356,000 pregnant women will be vaccinated, with the goal of reaching
• More than 209,000 people in underserved towns and RIs and more than 39,000 children in child-• UNICEF will support government rehabilitation of school infrastructure for the benefit of more than
care, education and health institutions will benefit from access to safe water from gravity-fed watersupply systems and repaired water and sanitation facilities, as well as hygiene education.7,000 children and will strengthen early learning for some 14,000 preschool children by providingnew early child development kits and training caregivers in their efficient use. To cover the needsfor nutrition, health, water and sanitation and education interventions, UNICEF will pre-positionsupplies for 100,000 people in affected populations.
FUNDING REQUIREMENTS FOR 2012UNICEF is requesting US$22,428,000 for its humanitarian work, an increase reflecting the expandedgeographical reach of its programme, which now covers more people and children affected by under-nutrition in four of the most vulnerable provinces. Without funding for key activities, the adverseeffects of undernutrition; lack of vaccines for tuberculosis, polio and tetanus; lack of essential medi-cines; and unhealthy water and sanitation will continue to threaten the lives and well-being of thecountry’s children and women.
More information on humanitarian action planned for 2012 can be found at www.unicef.org/hac2012 and the country office website at www.unicef.org/dprk.1.2.United Nations Children’s Fund and World Health Organization,Levels & Trends in Child Mortality: Report 2011 – Estimates devel-oped by the UN inter-agency group for child mortality estimation,UNICEF, New York, 2011, p. 13.World Health Organization and United Nations Children’s Fund, ‘Countdownto 2015 Decade Report (2000–2010): Taking stock ofmaternal, newborn and child survival’,WHO and UNICEF, Geneva and New York, 2010, p. 70.
UNICEF HUMANITARIAN NEEDS FOR 2012(in US dollars)
9,288,0005,618,0006,420,0001,070,00032,000$22,428,000
NutritionHealthWater, sanitation and hygieneEducationCluster coordinationTOTAL
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PhilippinesCHILDREN AND WOMEN IN CRISISThe Philippines is a country affected by natural hazards and armed conflict. In 2011, erratic weatherand tropical cyclones caused heavy floods in nearly every region of the country, including EasternVisayas, Central Mindanao and Central Luzon. Millions of women and children suffered because theirhomes and communities were submerged in floodwater when storms struck throughout the year. Alack of preparedness and ability to respond to these disasters by local government authorities leftthe most vulnerable of this already fragile population exposed to a host of negative consequences,including contaminated water sources and waterborne diseases, loss of food and livelihood and aprolonged disruption of schooling. Despite the resumption of the formal peace talks between theGovernment of the Philippines and the major non-state armed groups, therido– clan wars – infight-ing within the Moro Islamic Liberation Front and military operations against other rebel groupspersisted, with at least 375,000 displaced, returned, resettled and home-based people in Mindanaoaffected by armed conflicts and flooding and requiring humanitarian assistance in 2011.1A lack of for-mal protections plague the hazard-prone and politically unstable communities, causing grave childrights violations and increasing risks of abuse and exploitation for women.
HUMANITARIANFUNDING AT WORK:HIGHLIGHTS FROM 2011UNICEF requested US$15,107,400to fund its work in the Philippinesin 2011. As of end October 2011,US$2,767,790 (18 per cent) hadbeen received. Complemented bycarry-over emergency contri-butions, UNICEF was able tomobilize early recovery efforts forrebuilding basic social services inthe conflict-affected communitiesin Central Mindanao and swiftemergency response in the flood-affected regions. At least 54,000families – more than the 14,000planned for the year – wereprovided with WASH services,including access to safe waterand sanitary facilities, hygienepromotion and distribution of kits.Some 64,000 children under 5 –more than the programmatic goalof 37,500 – from more than 20 tar-get municipalities employing thecommunity-based managementof acute malnutrition programmewere screened and provided withmicronutrient supplementation.Of those screened, more than 600children suffering from severeacute malnutrition were treatedand nearly 80 per cent cured.More than 360,000 children (outof a programmatic goal of 136,000children) and 14,000 familiesaffected by armed conflict andflooding participated in psycho-social services. More than 22,000children were provided access toquality early and basic education.
MEETING URGENT NEEDS IN 2012In 2012, UNICEF, together with the Government of the Philippines, other UN agencies and NGOs, willcontinue to provide leadership to emergency clusters on WASH, nutrition, education and child pro-tection, and will work to promote improved and child-centred disaster risk reduction efforts.2UNICEFwill specifically target the needs of approximately 200,000 children and 50,000 women in disaster-stricken and conflict-affected areas.
• Community-based management of acute malnutrition will be expanded in order to mitigate the
chronic prevalence of severe acute malnutrition in the areas struck by both conflict and naturalhazards. Micronutrient supplementation will be provided to some 20,000 pregnant or breastfeed-ing women and 100,000 children under 5 will be screened for acute malnutrition.and conflict. Interventions will include monitoring water quality in flood-prone areas and ensuringcomprehensive WASH services for highly vulnerable communities, with special attention given toWASH in schools and health facilities. Construction/rehabilitation of water supply systems, toiletsand bathing spaces and improving hygiene practices will be essential in preventing morbidity anddeath, as well as in building resilience.teams in areas affected by disasters. Health kits containing essential medicines and basic medical equip-ment will be provided to damaged health units. A total of 150,000 doses of measles vaccines and immuni-zation supplies will be pre-positioned to ensure children in vulnerable areas are fully vaccinated.
• WASH services will be provided to at least 38,000 families in areas affected by typhoons, floods
• UNICEF will target the quick restoration of health services and deployment of emergency mobile health
• Young and school-aged children in conflict- and disaster-affected areas will be supported through
alternative and formal education in safe and secure environments. UNICEF will advocate for dis-aster risk reduction and capacity-building initiatives to benefit 100,000 children in affected areas,particularly the more vulnerable young children and adolescents.child-friendly spaces, youth clubs and capacity building of public social welfare offices.
• Some 135,000 at-risk children will be provided with protection and psychosocial services through• UNICEF will provide approximately 8,000 children, young people and pregnant women with HIVawareness interventions, including informative games and educational materials, as well as refer-rals, should an emergency hit the higher-HIV burden metropolitan areas.
FUNDING REQUIREMENTS FOR 2012UNICEF is requesting US$19,356,000 to continue its ongoing humanitarian activities in Mindanao andother flood- and conflict-affected parts in the Philippines, as well as to prepare for and respond tonew emergencies that may occur elsewhere in the country.
More information on humanitarian action planned for 2012 can be found at www.unicef.org/hac2012 and the country office website at www.unicef.org/philippines.1.2.Philippines (Mindanao) Humanitarian Action Plan, forthcoming.Cluster coordination is done both at the national and sub-national levels. In most instances, clusters are also formed at the sub-national level, such as in Mindanao. It would also include promotion of child-centred disaster risk reduction among the clustersand national government agencies.
UNICEF HUMANITARIAN NEEDS FOR 2012(in US dollars)
1,473,0002,100,0005,788,0003,500,0005,882,00049,000564,000$19,356,000
NutritionHealthWater, sanitation and hygieneChild protectionEducationHIV and AIDSCluster coordinationTOTAL
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Latin America and the CaribbeanCOLOMBIA • HAITI
Latin America and the CaribbeanCHILDREN AND WOMEN IN CRISISFrom hurricanes, flash flooding and landslides to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, environmentaldisasters regularly hit the Latin American and Caribbean region. In the past 10 years, about 64 millionpeople have been affected and tens of thousands of people struggle to survive the aftermath of thesecrises: the indigenous populations living in remote areas; the urban poor settled on slopes prone tolandslides; and the growing poverty-stricken population along river basins. In a region facing thehighest economic disparities in the world, these crises lead to disease outbreaks, chronic undernutri-tion, population displacement, child abuse and trafficking.In 2011, people were affected by heavy rainfall and large-scale flooding in El Salvador, Guatemala,Honduras and Nicaragua. Severe droughts reduced access to water and increasing food prices pushedcountries such as Bolivia, Guatemala, Honduras and Paraguay closer to nutritional crises. Floodingaffected about 150,000 people across seven countries in South America. The region experienced chol-era outbreaks in Haiti and the Dominican Republic and dengue in Bolivia and Paraguay. In Andeancountries, such as Bolivia and Peru, cold temperatures, combined with poor living conditions and lackof health services, continue to cause fatal respiratory diseases in children annually.
Natural hazardshave affected64 million peoplein the region overthe last ten years.Tens of thousands ofpeople – indigenouspopulations livingin remote areas;urban poor settledon slopes prone tolandslides; and thegrowing poverty-stricken populationalong river basins– struggle to survivethe aftermath ofthese crises.
Socio-political conflicts add to the challenge of recovery from disaster. In Colombia, abuse and thedisplacement of thousands of people occur annually, especially among indigenous populations.Increasing violence in Central America and the sub-Caribbean region is leaving children, adolescentsand women especially vulnerable to sexual abuse, trafficking and gang recruitment.
MEETING URGENT NEEDS IN 2012In 2012, UNICEF’s regional office for Latin America and the Caribbean, together with governmentagencies and other international NGOs, will strengthen its ability to enhance disaster risk reduction,preparedness and response in a region marked by natural disasters, with a focus on improving thelives of children most vulnerable to disease, undernutrition and exploitation during these crises.
• The regional team will strengthen its ability to provide aid during natural disasters and other
humanitarian situations, with improved UNICEF technical and direct operational support for coun-try offices in the region.school, water and sanitation infrastructure to survive hazards; and readiness of community net-works to protect children in emergencies.supplies will be provided in order to reduce the outbreak of disease.improve assistance to children in crises.
• Disaster risk reduction will be strengthened, focusing on education on disaster risk; resilience of• Access to safe water and sanitation services will be increased during emergencies and health• Advocacy will take place regionally with governments and will support building capacities to• The regional team will provide technical support to UNICEF country offices in the region and qual-ity insurance to ensure improved preparedness in areas such as supply, provision and readiness ofcoordination mechanisms in education, WASH, protection and nutrition.during emergencies.
• UNICEF will work on preventing exploitation and also delivering educational services to children• The regional team will work to combat child undernutrition and provide immediate emergencyresponse and preventive action, especially in Central American countries hit by floods and droughts.GuatemalaGuatemala is annually affected by large-scale floods or extreme droughts. In 2012, UNICEF willcontinue to provide emergency assistance to populations affected by the 2011 floods and theSanta Rosa earthquake, as well as recovery assistance to communities affected by the 2010 Pacayavolcanic eruption and Tropical Storm Agatha. UNICEF will improve access to safe water, sanitationand hygiene for 35,000 children, and provide access to education for 26,500 children, a protectiveenvironment for 19,000 children and 2,800 adolescents in 200 shelters, and HIV and AIDS preventionfor 12,500 people. UNICEF will provide health and nutrition services for 6,200 women and 25,000children in order to prevent child undernutrition as erratic rains, high temperatures and rising foodprices increase food insecurity. UNICEF will continue to support government institutions to enhancedisaster risk reduction, especially for children.
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LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEANMexicoCubaTurks & Caicos Islands
HUMANITARIANFUNDING AT WORK:HIGHLIGHTS FROM 2011Dominican RepublicBritish Virgins Is.MontserratSt. Kitts & NevisAntigua & BarbudaCommonwealth of DominicaSt. LuciaBarbados
JamaicaBelizeHaitiHondurasGuatemalaEl SalvadorNicaragua
St. Vincent & the GrenadinesGrenada
Trinidad & TobagoVenezuela
Costa RicaPanama
ColombiaGuyanaSuriname
Ecuador
PeruBolivia
Paraguay
ArgentinaUruguayChile
UNICEF had receivedUS$966,987 (7 per cent) of therequested US$13,000,000 byend October 2011. The regionaloffice worked with partners tomobilize supplies and technicalassistance, providing criticalsupport during severe floodingin seven countries. In Haiti,UNICEF improved access tosafe drinking water for morethan 325,000 people at highrisk of cholera, constructed160 semi-permanent schools forsome 85,000 students, and sup-ported the registration of 10,000children separated from family.In Guatemala, UNICEF deliveredmicronutrient supplementationto 22,000 children and providedemergency treatment to 650undernourished children, aswell as provided assistanceto the earthquake-affectedpopulation.The regional office worked withlocal government and partnergroups in disaster risk reduc-tion efforts. In Brazil, UNICEFsupported the adoption of anational protocol for children inemergencies. A regional confer-ence produced the PanamaDeclaration on Disaster RiskReduction for the EducationSector, which was signed by18 education ministries. Effortsto build national capacities inemergency response anddisaster risk reduction resultedin training Bolivia’s 99 mostdisaster-prone municipalitiesand the development inGuatemala of an EmergencyMaster Kit for the media tocommunicate about disasterprevention, mitigation, pre-paredness and response, witha focus on children.
The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.
FUNDING REQUIREMENTS FOR 2012UNICEF is requesting US$12,000,000 for its humanitarian work in the Latin America and Caribbeanregion to improve preparedness, response and disaster risk reduction efforts to the severe weather,natural hazards and complex emergencies that characterize this part of the world.
More information on humanitarian action planned for 2012 can be found at www.unicef.org/hac2012 and the regional office website at www.unicef.org/lac (Spanish) and www.unicef.org/lac/english.html (English).
UNICEF HUMANITARIAN NEEDS FOR 2012(in US dollars)
3,000,000Preparedness, advocacy and3,000,0003,000,0003,000,000
national capacity buildingIntegrated disaster risk reductionEmergency preparedness and responseEmergency response inGuatemala
$12,000,000TOTAL
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ColombiaCHILDREN AND WOMEN IN CRISISThe armed conflict in Colombia, which has now lasted for nearly 50 years, continues to fuel a pro-tracted humanitarian crisis and represents a considerable challenge to governance, the respect ofhuman rights and sustainable economic development in the country. Overall, the security of thepopulation and the humanitarian situation continue to be profoundly affected.Children in Colombia live in a most vulnerable environment and are continually victimized by recruit-ment by armed groups, indiscriminate attacks, sexual violence, displacement, confinement andthreats from anti-personnel mines and unexploded ordnance. The occupation and attacks on schoolshave continued. In this context, girls remain among the most vulnerable segments of the population.The Secretary-General of the United Nations has indicated that the commission by the armed groupsof grave forms of sexual violence against recruited girls is of particular concern.1Many communities are still recovering from the consequences of the rainy season of 2010, whichinclude the loss of homes, displacement and disruption of schooling. No less than 4 million peoplewere affected by the rains during 2010–2011.2
HUMANITARIANFUNDING AT WORK:HIGHLIGHTS FROM 2011UNICEF requested US$10,300,000for its humanitarian work inColombia in 2011. As of endOctober, US$1,396,114 (14 percent) had been received. Comple-mented with funds from regularsources, UNICEF assisted 75,000people affected by natural haz-ards or armed conflict. More than37,000 children and 900 pregnantor breastfeeding women in thenorth and west of Colombiareceived integrated assistance inhealth, nutrition, education andprotection. Some 17,000 childrenimpacted by the rainy season inthese regions were assisted witheducation kits, recreational kitsand school tents.Approximately 20,000 peoplegained access to safe waterwith the installation or repair ofcommunity systems.Nearly 17,000 indigenous childrenand their families in rural commu-nities in the Pacific Coast regionreceived food, nutrition andprotection assistance, and morethan 3,000 indigenous childrenunder 5 were supported in earlychildhood development.More than 41,000 children andadolescents participated in pro-grammes to prevent recruitmentby armed groups. Some 11,000children benefited from psycho-social support through the Returnto Happiness strategy.3
MEETING URGENT NEEDS IN 2012UNICEF leads WASH and education clusters. Together with the Government of Colombia, other UNagencies, the Catholic Church and NGOs, UNICEF will aim to address the needs of 190,000 people,including 8,000 women, 83,000 boys and 88,000 girls. UNICEF expects to achieve the followingkey results:
• UNICEF will provide an estimated 50,000 children and 4,000 pregnant or breastfeeding women
in communities affected by the armed conflict or natural hazards with access to nutrition serv-ices and emergency health supplies, including oral rehydration salts, micronutrient supplements,ready-to-use therapeutic foods and insecticide-treated mosquito nets. UNICEF will strengthen thecapacity of 110 mobile units of the National Institute of Family Welfare, as well as local partnersand authorities of 10 prioritized departments for the comprehensive care of children and pregnantor breastfeeding women affected by natural hazards and armed conflict.have access to safe and sufficient water and sanitation services through the installation or repair ofcommunity systems and education on best hygiene practices.to education. The schools will display signs as places protected by international humanitarian law,and UNICEF will support the development of comprehensive programmes to prevent recruitmentof children and accidents by landmines and unexploded ordnance.in programmes on prevention of recruitment by armed groups. Some 250 children rescued fromarmed groups will be protected by an integral attention programme of the Colombian Family WelfareInstitute that guarantees return to their families. The Monitoring and Reporting Mechanism on GraveChild Rights Violations (UN Security Council Resolution 1612) has improved its information systemand monitoring of cases. Some 5,000 children will receive psychosocial support from the mobileunits of the National Institute of Family Welfare, trained by UNICEF.
• Approximately 15,000 children and women in rural communities affected by natural hazards will• Some 20,000 children from schools affected by the armed conflict will be able to exercise the right
• An estimated 40,000 children will be educated on landmine risk, and 80,000 children will participate
FUNDING REQUIREMENTS FOR 2012UNICEF is requesting US$6,200,000 to continue its humanitarian work in Colombia. Full funding isessential to ensure direct assistance to thousands of children who are affected by the armed conflict andrecurrent natural hazards.
More information on humanitarian action planned for 2012 can be found at www.unicef.org/hac2012 and the country office website at www.unicef.org/colombia.1.2.3.United Nations, Children and Armed Conflict: Report of the Secretary-General, – A/65/820–S/2011/250, United Nations, New York,23 April 2011, p. 37.United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, ‘Humanitarian Situation No. 40’, OCHA, Geneva and New York, p. 1.Using an approach based on the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the methodology of the Return to Happiness strategy aimsto reduce, through a game, the aftermath of the emotional damage that can occur in children affected by emergencies, as well asbuild their capacity resistance and recovery, and help them to return to a normal life.
UNICEF HUMANITARIAN NEEDS FOR 2012(in US dollars)
600,000700,0001,200,0002,700,000800,000200,000$6,200,000
NutritionHealthWater, sanitation and hygieneChild protectionEducationCluster coordinationTOTAL
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HaitiCHILDREN AND WOMEN IN CRISISWomen and children in Haiti struggle to emerge from a series of catastrophic emergencies that beganin 2010: a devastating earthquake, a cholera epidemic and the floods that followed severe storms andhurricanes. Today, almost two years later, the aftermath remains. Approximately 600,000 people,including more than 250,000 children, continue to live in crowded settlements1that increase vulner-ability to health and nutrition problems as well as the possibility of abuse and exploitation. Evictioncases have increased by 400 per cent in the past year, with about 121,0002people currently reportingbeing harassed from their shelters by landowners. Since the outbreak in October 2010 through theend of September 2011, more than 450,000 people contracted cholera, with some 6,300 people deadas a result.3Although incidence rates are declining, localized outbreaks continue to spread, primarilyin rural areas. The unstable situation is worsened by stark disparities in access to social servicesacross the country. UNICEF’s ability to respond to these far-reaching crises, as well as to the earlieststages of the disasters, is critical to the well-being of the country’s women and children.
MEETING URGENT NEEDS IN 2012HUMANITARIANFUNDING AT WORK:HIGHLIGHTS FROM 2011In 2011, UNICEF requestedUS$86,581,014 to continue itshumanitarian work in Haiti. As ofend October 2011, US$40,873,722had been received, or 47 per centof the goal. UNICEF and partnerswere able to reach approximately50,000 children with immuniza-tions, boosting coverage in 36hard-to-reach communities.Access to safe drinking water wasimproved for more than 325,000people at high risk for cholera.More than 2.2 million peoplewere reached with health andhygiene campaigns designed toprevent the spread of cholera.UNICEF constructed 160 semi-permanent schools, benefiting86,000 children, and met its targetin providing 750,000 children and15,000 teachers with learningand teaching materials. UNICEFalso targeted undernutrition inHaiti: approximately 400,000children under 5 were screenedand nearly 12,000 severelymalnourished children receivedtreatment. UNICEF coordinated acampaign of 85 national organi-zations and performed constantcholera prevention activities thatreached 130,000 households.Some 120,000 children benefiteddaily from the 445 child-friendlyspaces across the country. About8,200 separated children wereregistered through the familytracing and reunification network,and close to 2,500 children werereunited with their families. Anadditional 8,000 children living in220 residential care facilities werealso registered.The challenge for UNICEF in Haiti will be to ensure the continuity of humanitarian support for womenand children in camps, while at the same time supporting and encouraging sustainable returns andrelocation through multi-sectoral investments in communities. UNICEF will lead the transition of theWASH, education and nutrition clusters as well as the child protection sub-cluster to national counter-parts, and will continue to work with the Government of Haiti, other UN agencies and NGOs to reachmillions of women and children.
• Up to 100,000 children and women will receive improved access to integrated primary health-careservices in return and relocation areas, and at least 2.3 million children under 9 will be vaccinatedagainst measles.timely, quality care. At least 70,000 women, representing 22 per cent of all pregnant or breast-feeding women, will be provided with information on breastfeeding, complementary feeding andcholera prevention.with access to safe drinking water. An additional 250,000 school-age children in high-risk choleraareas will have access to safe water, sanitation and hygiene facilities at school. More than 1.6 mil-lion people will be reached with a health and hygiene promotion campaign designed to preventchild illness, especially diarrhoea.impacted by emergencies, benefiting at least 120,000 children. More than 12,000 students in earth-quake-affected areas will be provided with a safer learning environment through the constructionof 20 additional semi-permanent schools.tion, social documentation and minimum standards of health and hygiene. More than 100 childprotection committees and 500 child-friendly spaces (hosting 120,000 children) will be establishedand/or strengthened in communities, facilitating referral (including for gender-based violence) andencouraging return/relocation and overall recovery.
• More than 5,000 children under 5 suffering from severe acute malnutrition will be treated with
• UNICEF will provide at least 150,000 women and children in camps, return and relocation areas
• Learning and teaching materials will be provided to teachers in the most vulnerable schools
• Approximately 50,000 extremely vulnerable children in residential care will benefit from registra-
FUNDING REQUIREMENTS FOR 2012In 2011, UNICEF is requesting US$24,105,000 for its humanitarian work in Haiti. This amount is inline with the Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP) requirements. Immediate and adequate funding isneeded to build on the resilience already demonstrated by the country’s women and children.
More information on humanitarian action planned for 2012 can be found at www.unicef.org/hac2012 and the country office website at www.unicef.org/haiti (French).1.2.3.Camp Coordination and Camp Management (Haiti) website, www.cccmhaiti.info/, and UNICEF estimate of child population.Camp Coordination and Camp Management Cluster, ‘Eviction Situation in Camps Hosting Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs)’,Haiti, July 2011, p. 1.Ministry of Population and Public Health, ‘Daily Report’, 18 September 2011, p. 1.
UNICEF HUMANITARIAN NEEDS FOR 2012(in US dollars)
5,429,0004,472,0006,594,0005,129,0001,150,0001,331,000$24,105,000
NutritionHealthWater, sanitation and hygieneChild protectionEducationCluster coordinationTOTAL
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Central and Eastern Europe and theCommonwealth of Independent States
Central and Eastern Europe and theCommonwealth of Independent StatesCHILDREN AND WOMEN IN CRISISCentral and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States is a region prone to natu-ral hazards, which have caused major economic and human loss, destroyed social infrastructure andleft children and women highly vulnerable to displacement, protection concerns and severe healthproblems. Political instability within the region and in neighbouring countries continues. An esti-mated 2.5 million people were still displaced at the end of 2010 in Europe and Central Asia as a resultof conflict arising from independence claims and territorial disputes.1In July 2011, an earthquake measuring 6.1 on the Richter scale in the Ferghana Valley, felt alongthe Kyrgyz-Uzbekistan border, served as a reminder of the risk to populations and highlighted theneed for accelerated disaster management planning. Turkey witnessed an influx of more than 11,000people from Syria who were fleeing civil unrest – the majority of them children2– in addition to a7.2-magnitude earthquake in October. The resurgence of polio in 2010 after more than a decade inCentral Asia and the ongoing measles outbreaks since 2008 – mainly in Eastern European countriesand in Uzbekistan – reflects the fragility of the region with regard to vaccine-preventable diseases.
Central and EasternEurope and theCommonwealthof IndependentStates are proneto natural hazardsthat have causedmajor economic andhuman loss and leftchildren and womenhighly vulnerableto displacement,protection concernsand severe healthproblems.
MEETING URGENT NEEDS IN 2012Regional officeIn 2012, the regional office will focus on:
• Supporting governments in developing national capacity in emergency preparedness and responsethrough simulation exercises.situations.
• Strengthening emergency risk analysis to anticipate, prepare for and respond to humanitarian• Continuing disaster risk reduction activities in Central Asia and the South Caucasus and expandingto other disaster-prone countries to build systems.education sectors.
• Developing regional capacity in inter-agency and cluster coordination for the WASH, nutrition and• Strengthening government capacities in immunization, surveillance and early warning systemsand risk/crisis communication, in collaboration with the World Health Organization.strengthening national disaster management and response.
• Improving regional coordination among agencies regarding the mapping of emergency risks andGeorgiaIn 2012, UNICEF will continue to respond to the needs of 40,000 children and their families in Abk-hazia, Georgia, in collaboration with local and international NGOs and UN agencies. Support willfocus on post-conflict recovery interventions to strengthen delivery of basic social and health serv-ices. The expected priority results are:
• Some 40,000 children will be protected from vaccine-preventable diseases through strengthenedroutine immunization.
• Some 10,000 schoolchildren in 50 schools in Abkhazia will be protected from poor hygiene andsanitation-related diseases through rehabilitation of school water and sanitation infrastructure.
• Approximately 12,000 of the country’s most vulnerable children, including children with disabili-
ties, will have more equitable access to basic social services through a network of 54 communitysupport centres.
KyrgyzstanIn 2012, UNICEF will continue to work with the Government of Kyrgyzstan, other UN agencies andNGOs to increase the sustainability of the emergency response in affected areas and strengthenemergency preparedness mechanisms. As agency lead of the WASH, education and nutrition clustersand child protection and gender-based violence sub-clusters, UNICEF is taking an active part in theinter-agency contingency planning.
• Child protection will focus on the development of sustainable social services for children and families.• UNICEF will procure, for 40,000 persons, emergency stockpiles as well as water tanks, hygiene kits,water purification tablets and soap for distribution, and will contribute to the physical constructionand rehabilitation of latrines and WASH facilities in schools and hospitals.
• Education activities will focus on disaster preparedness through risk reduction in 20 pilot schools
and 10 preschools and the procurement and pre-positioning of emergency education supplies for10,000 children.ing adequate access to micronutrients for 250,000 children and 50,000 women, and managing thecold storage chain for vaccines to cover immunization needs.
• Health and nutrition efforts will focus on developing sustainable and quality health services, ensur-
1.2.
Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, ‘Internal Displacement in Europe’, Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, Geneva,2010, www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004CE90B/(httpRegionPages)/89DF093F3A3371D6C125786A00495575?OpenDocument, accessed 20 November 2011.United Nations Children’s Fund, ‘UNICEF Situation Report: Turkey borders with Syria, UNICEF, New York, 28 June 2011, p. 1.
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CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE ANDTHE COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES
HUMANITARIANFUNDING AT WORK:HIGHLIGHTS FROM 2011As of end October, UNICEFreceived US$100,000(5 per cent) of the requestedUS$2,200,000. Despite fundingshortfalls, UNICEF usedother sources for its regionalactivities. The regionaloffice supported Bosnia andHerzegovina, Kazakhstan,Turkey and Uzbekistan countryoffices, national authoritiesand partners in emergencypreparedness planning andmanagement and assistedArmenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia,Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,Tajikistan and Uzbekistan inimplementing disaster riskreduction activities in education.Disaster risk reduction capacitywas developed for more than28,000 children, educators andstaff. Teaching materials wereadapted and methodologies forthe assessment of school safetywere developed as a pilot inKyrgyzstan.UNICEF responded to thehumanitarian and protectionneeds of 40,000 children andtheir families in Abkhazia,Georgia. Training, equipmentand supplies for maternal andchild health care were providedand a network of communitycentres was established toprovide basic social services.In Turkey, UNICEF supportedthe government by provid-ing psychosocial training toteachers and getting childrenback to school after the Octoberearthquake.In Kyrgyzstan, several post-conflict projects in health,education, child protection andWASH were implemented.UNICEF assisted the responseto the 2010 polio outbreak inTajikistan and neighbouringcountries; the region has beenconfirmed polio-free once again.
KyrgyzstanTajikistanIraqOccupiedPalestinianTerritoryAfghanistanPakistanMyanmarHaitiGuatemalaNigerBurkinaFasoCôte d'Ivoire CameroonColombiaCongoChadEritreaSudanYemenDjboutiSri Lanka
DemocraticPeople’s Republicof Korea
CentralAfricanRepublic
Ethiopia
Philippines
SomaliaUgandaDemocraticKenyaRepublicof theCongoBurundi
Zimbabwe
Madagascar
Russia
BelarusSerbiaMontenegroSloveniaCroatiaBosnia &Herzegovinaunder UNSC res. 1244
UkraineMoldovaRomaniaBulgariaFYRMacedoniaTurkeyGeorgiaAzerbaijanArmeniaUndetermined boundary*
Kazakhstan
UzbekistanTurkmenistan
Kosovo
KyrgyzstanTajikistan
Albania
The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.
TajikistanIn 2012, UNICEF will further strengthen capacity and coordination to respond to disasters as theyoccur – in the context of its role in the various humanitarian clusters – focusing on ensuring children’scontinued access to essential health and nutrition, protection, education and water and sanitationservices. The expected results in the ongoing programmes are:
• More than 5,000 severely and moderately malnourished children will be treated with essential life-saving nutritional items and micronutrient/food supplements.
• A one-time countrywide diphtheria supplementary immunization activity will be conducted among
3–21-year-olds to prevent a potential large-scale outbreak given the existing immunity gaps, thusalso preventing spillover to neighbouring countries.education, and some 400 children will benefit from a new school facility following a disaster.
• More than 20,000 children will benefit from improved water and sanitation facilities and hygiene• As follow-up to the polio outbreak, more than 700 people, mainly children affected by the polio• Efforts will focus on preparedness to respond to affected populations in the event of an emergencyepidemic and children with physical disabilities and their families, will be provided with sustain-able social services through community-based rehabilitation in 24 districts.for improved access to quality life-saving primary health-care services through supply of essentialhealth kits; access of children to psychosocial support, learning spaces, essential learning materi-als and early childhood development activities; and access of families to essential WASH supplies.
FUNDING REQUIREMENTS FOR 2012UNICEF is requesting US$8,241,000 for humanitarian efforts in the region to work with governmentsand partners in delivering quality and timely assistance during emergencies. This includes simula-tion exercises and capacity development of UNICEF staff, as well as governments and partners. Theregional office will continue supporting offices with integrating disaster risk reduction into regularprogrammes to build resilience and mitigate the impact of natural hazards on children and women.
More information on humanitarian action planned for 2012 can be found at www.unicef.org/hac2012 and the regional office website at www.unicef.org/ceecis.
UNICEF HUMANITARIAN NEEDS FOR 2012(in US dollars)
1,695,0002,500,0002,046,000
6,241,000
GeorgiaKyrgyzstanTajikistanSUBTOTAL
Countries
200,000Nutrition200,000Health300,000Water, sanitation500,000800,000and hygieneEducationDisaster riskreduction
Regional Office
2,000,000SUBTOTAL$8,241,000TOTALwww.unicef.org/hac2012 |2012UNICEF HUMANITARIAN ACTION FOR CHILDREN63
Photo CaptionsCOVERSOMALIA� UNICEF/NYHQ2011-1182/HoltChildren and women displaced by drought and conflictline up for food in Mogadishu, Somalia. The nutritionand drought crisis in the Horn of Africa is the largest ofthe many protracted emergencies that challenged therights and welfare of children in 2011.
KENYA� UNICEF/NYHQ2011-1111/HoltChildren and women attend a nutrition session ata health centre in the drought-affected pastoralistTurkana District. UNICEF aims to reach 1.4 million Ken-yan children with humanitarian assistance in 2012.Page 20.
MADAGASCAR� UNICEF/NYHQ2009-1229/PirozziA girl holds a doll in a poor neighbourhood in Antan-anarivo, the capital. Madagascar, beset by poverty, anisolated location, natural hazards and an ongoing politi-cal crisis, is one of the poorest in the world.Page 21.
FOREWORDKENYA� UNICEF/NYHQ2011-1121/HoltUNICEF Executive Director Anthony Lake visits drought-affected villagers in Kenya’s northern Turkana District,in early July, 2011.Page iv.
SOMALIA� UNICEF/NYHQ2011-1194/HoltA displaced girl and her younger brother stand in war-ravaged Mogadishu. Two decades of conflict, com-pounded by severe drought, have left fully 30 per centof all children under age 5 acutely malnourished.Page 22.
INTRODUCTIONPAKISTAN� UNICEF/NYHQ2011-1379/PageWomen fetch water at the edge of rising flood waters,during Pakistan’s second year of extreme flooding.Climate-related disasters, joined by political and eco-nomic shocks, are exposing already vulnerable childrento repeated cycles of crisis.Page viii.
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH SUDAN� UNICEF/NYHQ2011-0453/De ViguerieA newborn sleeps in Wau Hospital, in Western Bahr elGhazal State, South Sudan. The world’s newest countryfaces complex humanitarian challenges, including highinfant mortality and continued rebel activity.Page 23.
GLOBAL SUPPORTHAITI� UNICEF/NYHQ2010-1310/RamonedaQuake-affected girls attend a UNICEF-assisted tem-porary school in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. UNICEF’s timelyresponse to more than 250 annual emergenciesdepends on coordination, surge capacity, enhancedtools and guidance at the global level.Page 11.
ZIMBABWE� UNICEF/NYHQ2009-0828/LiA baby is vaccinated against polio at a mobile outreachunit in Masvingo District, Zimbabwe. The continu-ing political crisis has heightened threats to children,including unsafe water, food insecurity, natural haz-ards, violence and HIV and AIDS.Page 24.
EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICA� UNICEF/NYHQ2011-1019/HoltA dust storm invades a camp for Somali refugees nearthe town of Dadaab in Kenya. More than 13 millionpeople are affected by drought in the Horn of Africa.Poverty and conflict continue to exact a harsh toll onchildren throughout the region.Page 15.
WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA� UNICEF/NYHQ2010-1532/AsselinA woman and her new-born wait to be treated at aillage health post in Bandundum Province in theDemocratic Republic of the Congo. Climate change,political upheaval and epidemics threaten the region’sstability.Page 25.
ERITREA� UNICEF/NYHQ2008-1646/PirozziA girl receives a dose of vitamin A during a UNICEF-assisted nutritional screening in Anseba region. Eritre-ans continue to be affected by drought, poverty and thepolitical impasse with neighbouring Ethiopia.Page 18.
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC� UNICEF/NYHQ2011-0801/GrarupA baby girl is treated for malaria in a hospital in HautMbomou Prefecture. Conflict has affected all aspects ofthe country’s daily life, destroying infrastructure, dis-rupting health and education services and displacing192,000 people.Page 29.
ETHIOPIA
� UNICEF/NYHQ2011-1567/LemmaKurfa Wario draws water from an underground collec-tion tank in a village in the drought-affected Borenazone. Diminished water resources and food insecurityhave left 4.5 million Ethiopians in need of humanitarianassistance.Page 19.
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CHAD� UNICEF/NYHQ2010-1172/GangaleEta Brahim washes her undernourished baby’s handsat a nutrition centre in Chad’s Bar-El-Ghazel region.More than 100,000 children under 5 are undernour-ished. Food insecurity also affects 460,000 internallydisplaced and refugees from neighbouring countries.Page 30.
IRAQI REFUGEES� UNICEF/NYHQ2007-0750/NooraniVolunteers work at an early childhood developmentcentre in a camp for Palestinian Iraqi refugees in Syria.More than 1.5 million Iraqis are still seeking refuge inneighbouring countries, having fled ongoing politicalviolence in their country.Page 39.
COTE D’IVOIRE� UNICEF/NYHQ2011-0580/AsselinA girl receives food at a camp in the western town ofDuékoué for people displaced by violence that followedthe November 2010 presidential election. Stabilityhas returned but basic health and education servicesremain severely hampered.Page 31.
OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY� UNICEF/NYHQ2007-2527/BrooksChildren returning from school pass through an Israelimilitary checkpoint in the town of Ras Atiya in the WestBank. The ongoing Israeli blockade of Gaza and height-ened political tensions throughout the OPT continue todisrupt children’s lives.Page 40.
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO� UNICEF/NYHQ2009-1315/AsselinA boy passes a United Nations peacekeeping com-pound in a remote part of war-torn Oriental Province.Conflict, extreme levels of sexual violence and almostnon-existent social services continue to define one ofthe world’s worst humanitarian crises.Page 32.
REPUBLIC OF SUDAN� UNICEF/NYHQ2004-0863/NooraniA girl sits on a bundle of firewood in the Abu Shoukcamp in North Darfur. Conflict in different parts of theSudan, and restricted humanitarian access to the 1.9million displaced people in Darfur, have exacerbatedcrisis levels of undernutrition.Page 41.
LIBERIA� UNICEF/NYHQ2011-0025/SautereauA refugee child attends class in remote Nimba County,host to most of the 176,000 refugees that fled conflictin neighbouring Côte d’Ivoire. This is severely strain-ing local resources in a country that is itself recoveringfrom years of civil war.Page 33.
YEMEN� UNICEF/NYHQ2010-2846/StirtonEight-year-old Abbas, injured in a landmine blast thatkilled other family members, sits in a camp for the dis-placed in Hajjah Governorate. High rates of undernutri-tion and poverty characterize a country beset by violentpolitical unrest.Page 42.
NIGER� UNICEF/NYHQ2010-1592/HoltzChildren eat a meal of cooked leaves from a communalplate in a village in the Niger’s Maradi region. Half of allchildren under 5 suffer from chronic undernutrition in acountry where rainfall is persistently insufficient.Page 34.
SOUTH ASIA� UNICEF/NYHQ2011-1662/PageA girl carries a baby in a camp for people displaced byflooding in Sindh Province, Pakistan. The region, oneof the world’s most populous, suffers from natural haz-ards, conflict and internal tensions fuelled by economicdisparities.Page 43.
MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA� UNICEF/NYHQ2011-1422/DiffidentiA girl watches a peaceful demonstration in Tripoli. Theregion, long marked by social inequity and crisis, isundergoing an unprecedented ‘Arab Spring’ of socio-political change, with multiple long- and short-termeffects on children.Page 35.
AFGHANISTAN� UNICEF/NYHQ2010-0790/HoltChildren walk on a street patrolled by military forcesin Garmsir bazaar, in Helmand Province. A decades-long conflict continues to undermine children’s devel-opment; 525,000 children under 5 are at risk of severeacute malnutrition.Page 46.
DJIBOUTI� UNICEF/NYHQ2011-1353/MekkiChildren and women queue for water at a UNICEF-supported distribution point in a slum area nearDjibouti City. The country is one of the most waterscarce in the world and one of the worst affected by theHorn of Africa drought.Page 38.
PAKISTAN� UNICEF/NYHQ2011-1393/PageA girl sleeps beside a flooded field in ShaheedBenazirabad District, in Sindh Province. Amid ongoingpolitical strife, heavy monsoon rains have devastatedPakistan for the second consecutive year, affecting 5.4million people.Page 47.
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SRI LANKA� UNICEF/2009-2127/PietrasikChandra and her nephew work in their vegetable gar-den, in Palchenai village, Batticaloa District. They lostfamily to both conflict and the 2004 tsunami in SriLanka. After 30 years of war, nearly 112,000 returningfamilies need assistance.Page 48.
LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN� UNICEF/NYHQ2007-2757/VersianiAn indigenous girl attends class in Guatemala, whichrecently experienced widespread flooding. Environ-mental disasters in this region of high income dispari-ties are hardest on the poor, who also face the highestincome disparities in the world.Page 55.
EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC� UNICEF/NYHQ2011-1813/PerawongmethaA boy paddles a makeshift raft through floodwatersnear Laksi Temple in Bangkok. Natural hazards, weak-ened infrastructure and extreme poverty have affectedmore than 9.5 million people throughout the region.Page 49.
COLOMBIA� UNICEF Colombia/2011/AmadorMiguel Campos is among 4 million Colombians affectedby seasonal flooding in 2010 and 2011.Natural disas-ters are compounding a humanitarian crisis caused by50 years of armed conflict, now including attacks onschools and increased sexual violence.Page 58.
DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE’S REPUBLICOF KOREA� REUTERS/SagoljA child suffers from undernutrition in a hospital inHaeju, in South Hwanghae Province. Many children arechronically malnourished as a result of food insecurity,typhoons and flooding, a failing economy and limitedaccess to safe water.Page 52.
HAITI� UNICEF/NYHQ2011-1322/DorminoA girl walks in a camp for the displaced in Port-au-Prince. Despite progress since the 2010 earthquake anda subsequent cholera epidemic, crowded temporarysettlements remain and stark disparities underscore theneed for continued humanitarian support.Page 59.
PHILIPPINES� UNICEF Philippines/2011/SantosA boy tends to his baby brother in a school being usedas a temporary shelter for families displaced by flood-ing in Central Luzon. Cyclones and ongoing conflicthave disrupted schooling and left children at greaterrisk of disease.Page 53.
CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAND THE COMMONWEALTH OFINDEPENDENT STATES� UNICEF/NYHQ2011-1654/BellA woman walks her children home from a communitykindergarten, in Samarkandek village, Kyrgyzstan. Theschool is piloting a disaster risk reduction programmeto better prepare for emergencies in a region prone tonatural and human-made hazards.Page 61.
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Production by Phoenix Design Aid, Denmark, ISO 14001/ISO 9000 certified and approved CO2neutral company.Printed on environmentally friendly paper (without chlorine) with vegetable-based inks. The printed matter is recyclable.
UNICEFOffice of Emergency ProgrammesPalais des Nations1211 Geneva 10, Switzerlandwww.unicef.org/hac2012Cover photo: � UNICEF/NYHQ2011-1182/Holt� United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)January 2012ISBN: 978-92-806-4622-1
