Decision 1/CP.16The Cancun Agreements: Outcome of the work of the AdHoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Actionunder the ConventionThe Conference of the Parties,Recallingits decision 1/CP.13 (the Bali Action Plan) and decision 1/CP.15,Seekingto secure progress in a balanced manner, with the understanding that,through this decision, not all aspects of the work of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the Convention are concluded, and that nothing in thisdecision shall prejudge prospects for, or the content of, a legally binding outcome in thefuture,Reaffirmingthe commitment to enable the full, effective and sustainedimplementation of the Convention through long-term cooperative action, now, up to andbeyond 2012, in order to achieve the ultimate objective of the Convention,Recallingthe principles, provisions and commitments set forth in the Convention, inparticular its Articles 3 and 4,Recognizingthat climate change represents an urgent and potentially irreversiblethreat to human societies and the planet, and thus requires to be urgently addressed by allParties,Affirmingthe legitimate needs of developing country Parties for the achievement ofsustained economic growth and the eradication of poverty, so as to be able to deal withclimate change,Notingresolution 10/4 of the United Nations Human Rights Council on humanrights and climate change, which recognizes that the adverse effects of climate change havea range of direct and indirect implications for the effective enjoyment of human rights andthat the effects of climate change will be felt most acutely by those segments of thepopulation that are already vulnerable owing to geography, gender, age, indigenous orminority status, or disability,

A shared vision for long-term cooperative action1.Affirmsthat climate change is one of the greatest challenges of our time and that allParties share a vision for long-term cooperative action in order to achieve the objective ofthe Convention under its Article 2, including through the achievement of a global goal, onthe basis of equity and in accordance with common but differentiated responsibilities andrespective capabilities; this vision is to guide the policies and actions of all Parties, whiletaking into full consideration the different circumstances of Parties in accordance with theprinciples and provisions of the Convention; the vision addresses mitigation, adaptation,finance, technology development and transfer, and capacity-building in a balanced,integrated and comprehensive manner to enhance and achieve the full, effective andsustained implementation of the Convention, now, up to and beyond 2012;

(a)Scaled-up overall mitigation efforts that allow for the achievement of desiredstabilization levels are necessary, with developed country Parties showing leadership byundertaking ambitious emission reductions and providing technology, capacity-buildingand financial resources to developing country Parties, in accordance with the relevantprovisions of the Convention;(b)Adaptation must be addressed with the same priority as mitigation andrequires appropriate institutional arrangements to enhance adaptation action and support;(c)All Parties should cooperate, consistent with the principles of theConvention, through effective mechanisms, enhanced means and appropriate enablingenvironments, and enhance technology development and the transfer of technologies todeveloping country Parties to enable action on mitigation and adaptation;(d)Mobilization and provision of scaled-up, new, additional, adequate andpredictable financial resources is necessary to address the adaptation and mitigation needsof developing countries;(e)Capacity-building is essential to enable developing country Parties toparticipate fully in, and to implement effectively, their commitments under the Convention;and that the goal is to enhance the capacity of developing country Parties in all areas;3.Recognizesthat warming of the climate system is unequivocal and that most of theobserved increase in global average temperatures since the mid-twentieth century is verylikely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations, asassessed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in its Fourth AssessmentReport;4.Further recognizesthat deep cuts in global greenhouse gas emissions are requiredaccording to science, and as documented in the Fourth Assessment Report of the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change, with a view to reducing global greenhouse gasemissions so as to hold the increase in global average temperature below 2 �C above pre-industrial levels, and that Parties should take urgent action to meet this long-term goal,consistent with science and on the basis of equity;also recognizesthe need to consider, inthe context of the first review, as referred to in paragraph 138 below, strengthening thelong-term global goal on the basis of the best available scientific knowledge, including inrelation to a global average temperature rise of 1.5 �C;5.Agrees,in the context of the long-term goal and the ultimate objective of theConvention and the Bali Action Plan, to work towards identifying a global goal forsubstantially reducing global emissions by 2050, and to consider it at the seventeenthsession of the Conference of the Parties;6.Also agreesthat Parties should cooperate in achieving the peaking of global andnational greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible, recognizing that the time frame forpeaking will be longer in developing countries, and bearing in mind that social andeconomic development and poverty eradication are the first and overriding priorities ofdeveloping countries and that a low-carbon development strategy is indispensable tosustainable development; in this context,further agreesto work towards identifying a timeframe for global peaking of greenhouse gas emissions based on the best available scientificknowledge and equitable access to sustainable development, and to consider it at theseventeenth session of the Conference of the Parties;7.Recognizesthe need to engage a broad range of stakeholders at the global, regional,national and local levels, be they government, including subnational and local government,private business or civil society, including youth and persons with disability, and that

gender equality and the effective participation of women and indigenous peoples areimportant for effective action on all aspects of climate change;8.Emphasizesthat Parties should, in all climate change related actions, fully respecthuman rights;9.Confirmsthat Parties, especially developing country Parties that would have to beara disproportionate or abnormal burden under the long-term cooperative action under theConvention, should be given full consideration;10.Realizesthat addressing climate change requires a paradigm shift towards building alow-carbon society that offers substantial opportunities and ensures continued high growthand sustainable development, based on innovative technologies and more sustainableproduction and consumption and lifestyles, while ensuring a just transition of the workforcethat creates decent work and quality jobs;

II. Enhanced action on adaptation11.Agreesthat adaptation is a challenge faced by all Parties, and that enhanced actionand international cooperation on adaptation is urgently required to enable and support theimplementation of adaptation actions aimed at reducing vulnerability and buildingresilience in developing country Parties, taking into account the urgent and immediateneeds of those developing countries that are particularly vulnerable;12.Affirmsthat enhanced action on adaptation should be undertaken in accordance withthe Convention, should follow a country-driven, gender-sensitive, participatory and fullytransparent approach, taking into consideration vulnerable groups, communities andecosystems, and should be based on and guided by the best available science and, asappropriate, traditional and indigenous knowledge, with a view to integrating adaptationinto relevant social, economic and environmental policies and actions, where appropriate;13.Decidesto hereby establish the Cancun Adaptation Framework encompassing theprovisions laid out below, with the objective of enhancing action on adaptation, includingthrough international cooperation and coherent consideration of matters relating toadaptation under the Convention;14.Invitesall Parties to enhance action on adaptation under the Cancun AdaptationFramework, taking into account their common but differentiated responsibilities andrespective capabilities, and specific national and regional development priorities, objectivesand circumstances, by undertaking, inter alia, the following:(a)Planning, prioritizing and implementing adaptation actions, includingprojects and programmes,1and actions identified in national and subnational adaptationplans and strategies, national adaptation programmes of action of the least developedcountries, national communications, technology needs assessments and other relevantnational planning documents;(b)Impact, vulnerability and adaptation assessments, including assessments offinancial needs as well as economic, social and environmental evaluation of adaptationoptions;(c)Strengthening institutional capacities and enabling environments foradaptation, including for climate-resilient development and vulnerability reduction;

(d)Building resilience of socio-economic and ecological systems, includingthrough economic diversification and sustainable management of natural resources;(e)Enhancing climate change related disaster risk reduction strategies, takinginto consideration the Hyogo Framework for Action,2where appropriate, early warningsystems, risk assessment and management, and sharing and transfer mechanisms such asinsurance, at the local, national, subregional and regional levels, as appropriate;(f)Measures to enhance understanding, coordination and cooperation withregard to climate change induced displacement, migration and planned relocation, whereappropriate, at the national, regional and international levels;(g)Research, development, demonstration, diffusion, deployment and transfer oftechnologies, practices and processes, and capacity-building for adaptation, with a view topromoting access to technologies, in particular in developing country Parties;(h)Strengthening data, information and knowledge systems, education andpublic awareness;(i)Improving climate-related research and systematic observation for climatedata collection, archiving, analysis and modelling in order to provide decision makers at thenational and regional levels with improved climate-related data and information;15.Decidesto hereby establish a process to enable least developed country Parties toformulate and implement national adaptation plans, building upon their experience inpreparing and implementing national adaptation programmes of action, as a means ofidentifying medium- and long-term adaptation needs and developing and implementingstrategies and programmes to address those needs;16.Invitesother developing country Parties to employ the modalities formulated tosupport the above-mentioned national adaptation plans in the elaboration of their planningeffort referred to in paragraph 14 (a) above;17.Requeststhe Subsidiary Body for Implementation to elaborate modalities andguidelines for the provisions of paragraphs 15 and 16 above, for adoption by theConference of the Parties at its seventeenth session;18.Requestsdeveloped country Parties to provide developing country Parties, takinginto account the needs of those that are particularly vulnerable, with long-term, scaled-up,predictable, new and additional finance, technology and capacity-building, consistent withrelevant provisions, to implement urgent, short-, medium- and long-term adaptation actions,plans, programmes and projects at the local, national, subregional and regional levels, inand across different economic and social sectors and ecosystems, as well as to undertakethe activities referred to in paragraphs 14–16 above and paragraphs 30, 32 and 33 below;19.Acknowledgesthe need to strengthen, enhance and better utilize existing institutionalarrangements and expertise under the Convention;20.Decidesto hereby establish an Adaptation Committee to promote theimplementation of enhanced action on adaptation in a coherent manner under theConvention, inter alia, through the following functions:(a)Providing technical support and guidance to the Parties, respecting thecountry-driven approach, with a view to facilitating the implementation of adaptationactivities, including those listed in paragraphs 14 and 15 above, where appropriate;(b)Strengthening, consolidating and enhancing the sharing of relevantinformation, knowledge, experience and good practices, at the local, national, regional and2

international levels, taking into account, as appropriate, traditional knowledge andpractices;(c)Promoting synergy and strengthening engagement with national, regional andinternational organizations, centres and networks, in order to enhance the implementationof adaptation actions, in particular in developing country Parties;(d)Providing information and recommendations, drawing on adaptation goodpractices, for consideration by the Conference of the Parties when providing guidance onmeans to incentivize the implementation of adaptation actions, including finance,technology and capacity-building and other ways to enable climate-resilient developmentand reduce vulnerability, including to the operating entities of the financial mechanism ofthe Convention, as appropriate;(e)Considering information communicated by Parties on their monitoring andreview of adaptation actions, support provided and received, possible needs and gaps andother relevant information, including information communicated under the Convention,with a view to recommending what further actions may be required, as appropriate;21.InvitesParties to submit to the secretariat, by 21 February 2011, views on thecomposition of, and modalities and procedures for, the Adaptation Committee, including onproposed linkages with other relevant institutional arrangements;22.Requeststhe secretariat to compile these submissions into a miscellaneousdocument, to be made available by the fourteenth session of the Ad Hoc Working Group onLong-term Cooperative Action under the Convention, and to prepare a synthesis reportbased on those submissions by the fourteenth session of the Ad Hoc Working Group onLong-term Cooperative Action under the Convention;23.Requeststhe Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under theConvention, taking into account the above-mentioned submissions and synthesis report, toelaborate the composition of, and modalities and procedures for, the AdaptationCommittee, for adoption by the Conference of the Parties at its seventeenth session;24.Also requeststhe Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action underthe Convention, in elaborating the above-mentioned modalities and procedures, to define,as appropriate, linkages with other relevant institutional arrangements under and outside theConvention, including at the national and regional levels;25.Recognizesthe need to strengthen international cooperation and expertise in order tounderstand and reduce loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climatechange, including impacts related to extreme weather events and slow onset events;326.Decidesto hereby establish a work programme in order to consider, includingthrough workshops and expert meetings, as appropriate, approaches to address loss anddamage associated with climate change impacts in developing countries that are particularlyvulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change;27.Requeststhe Subsidiary Body for Implementation to agree on activities to beundertaken under the above-mentioned work programme;28.InvitesParties and relevant organizations to submit to the secretariat, by 21 February2011, views and information on what elements should be included in the work programme,including the following:

29.Requeststhe secretariat to compile these submissions into a miscellaneous documentand to prepare a synthesis report based on those submissions, to be made available forconsideration by the Subsidiary Body for Implementation at its thirty-fourth session, andwith a view to making recommendations on loss and damage to the Conference of theParties for its consideration at its eighteenth session;30.InvitesParties to strengthen and, where necessary, establish regional centres andnetworks, in particular in developing countries, with support from developed countryParties and relevant organizations, as appropriate, and to facilitate and enhance national andregional adaptation actions, in a manner that is country-driven, encourages cooperation andcoordination between regional stakeholders and improves the flow of information betweenthe Convention process and national and regional activities;31.Notesthat an international centre to enhance adaptation research and coordinationcould also be established in a developing country;32.Invitesall Parties to strengthen and, where necessary, establish and/or designatenational-level institutional arrangements, with a view to enhancing work on the full rangeof adaptation actions, from planning to implementation;33.Decidesthat all Parties should use existing channels to provide information, asappropriate, on support provided and received for adaptation actions in developingcountries and on activities undertaken, including, inter alia, progress made, experiences,lessons learned, and challenges and gaps in the delivery of support, with a view to ensuringtransparency and accountability and encouraging best practices;34.Invitesrelevant multilateral, international, regional and national organizations, thepublic and private sectors, civil society and other relevant stakeholders to undertake andsupport enhanced action on adaptation at all levels, including under the Cancun AdaptationFramework, as appropriate, in a coherent and integrated manner, building on synergiesamong activities and processes, and to make information available on the progress made;35.Requeststhe secretariat to support the implementation of the Cancun AdaptationFramework, including related institutional arrangements under the Convention, inaccordance with its mandate and subject to the availability of resources;

Acknowledgingthat the largest share of historical global emissions of greenhousegases originated in developed countries and that, owing to this historical responsibility,developed country Parties must take the lead in combating climate change and the adverseeffects thereof,36.Takes noteof quantified economy-wide emission reduction targets to beimplemented by Parties included in Annex I to the Convention as communicated by themand contained in document FCCC/SB/2011/INF.14(to be issued);37.Urgesdeveloped country Parties to increase the ambition of their economy-wideemission reduction targets, with a view to reducing their aggregate anthropogenic emissionsof carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol to alevel consistent with the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel onClimate Change;38.Requeststhe secretariat to organize workshops to clarify the assumptions and theconditions related to the attainment of these targets, including the use of carbon creditsfrom the market-based mechanisms and land use, land-use change and forestry activities,and options and ways to increase their level of ambition;39.Also requeststhe secretariat to prepare a technical paper based on Parties’submissions with the aim of facilitating understanding of the assumptions and conditionsrelated to the attainment of their emission reduction targets and a comparison of the level ofemission reduction efforts;40.Decides,building on existing reporting and review guidelines, processes andexperiences, to enhance reporting in the national communications of Parties included inAnnex I to the Convention on mitigation targets and on the provision of financial,technological and capacity-building support to developing country Parties as follows:(a)Developed countries should submit annual greenhouse gas inventories andinventory reports and biennial reports on their progress in achieving emission reductions,including information on mitigation actions to achieve their quantified economy-wideemission targets and emission reductions achieved, projected emissions and the provisionof financial, technology and capacity-building support to developing country Parties;(b)Developed countries shall submit supplementary information on theachievement of quantified economy-wide emission reductions;(c)Developed countries shall improve the reporting of information on theprovision of financial, technology and capacity-building support to developing countryParties;41.Also decidesto enhance the guidelines for the reporting of information in nationalcommunications by Parties included in Annex I to the Convention, including thedevelopment of common reporting formats and methodology for finance, in order to ensurethat information provided is complete, comparable, transparent and accurate;42.Further decidesto enhance guidelines for the review of information in nationalcommunications with respect to the following:(a)Progress made in achieving emission reductions;

43.Decidesthat developed countries should establish national arrangements for theestimation of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all greenhousegases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol;44.Also decidesto establish a process for international assessment of emissions andremovals related to quantified economy-wide emission reduction targets under theSubsidiary Body for Implementation, taking into account national circumstances, in arigorous, robust and transparent manner, with a view to promoting comparability andbuilding confidence;45.Further decidesthat developed countries should develop low-carbon developmentstrategies or plans;46.Decideson the following work programme for the development of modalities andguidelines described above, building on existing reporting and review guidelines, processesand experiences:(a)The revision of guidelines, as necessary, on the reporting of nationalcommunications, including the biennial report:(i)The provision of financing, through enhanced common reporting formats,methodologies for finance and tracking of climate-related support;(ii)Supplementary information on achievement of quantified economy-wideemission reduction targets;(iii)Information on national inventory arrangements;

Nationally appropriate mitigation actions by developing country PartiesRecognizingthat developing country Parties are already contributing and willcontinue to contribute to a global mitigation effort in accordance with the principles andprovisions of the Convention, and could enhance their mitigation actions, depending onprovision of finance, technology and capacity-building support by developed countryParties,Reaffirmingthat social and economic development and poverty eradication are thefirst and overriding priorities of developing country Parties, and that the share of globalemissions originating in developing countries will grow to meet their social anddevelopment needs,48.Agreesthat developing country Parties will take nationally appropriate mitigationactions in the context of sustainable development, supported and enabled by technology,

financing and capacity-building, aimed at achieving a deviation in emissions relative to‘business as usual’ emissions in 2020;49.Takes noteof nationally appropriate mitigation actions to be implemented by Partiesnot included in Annex I to the Convention as communicated by them and contained indocument FCCC/AWGLCA/2011/INF.15(to be issued);50.Invitesdeveloping countries that wish to voluntarily inform the Conference of theParties of their intention to implement nationally appropriate mitigation actions inassociation with this decision to submit information on those actions to the secretariat;51.Requeststhe secretariat to organize workshops to understand the diversity ofmitigation actions submitted, underlying assumptions and any support needed for theimplementation of these actions, noting different national circumstances and the respectivecapabilities of developing country Parties;52.Decidesthat, in accordance with Article 4, paragraph 3, of the Convention,developed country Parties shall provide enhanced financial, technological and capacity-building support for the preparation and implementation of nationally appropriatemitigation actions of developing country Parties and for enhanced reporting by theseParties;53.Also decidesto set up a registry to record nationally appropriate mitigation actionsseeking international support and to facilitate matching of finance, technology andcapacity-building support for these actions;54.Invitesdeveloping country Parties to submit to the secretariat information onnationally appropriate mitigation actions for which they are seeking support, along withestimated costs and emission reductions, and the anticipated time frame forimplementation;55.Also invitesdeveloped country Parties to submit to the secretariat information onsupport available and provided for nationally appropriate mitigation actions;56.Requeststhe secretariat to record and regularly update in the registry the informationprovided by Parties on:(a)(b)(c)Nationally appropriate mitigation actions seeking international support;Support available from developed country Parties for these actions;Support provided for nationally appropriate mitigation actions;

(c)Once support has been provided, internationally supported mitigation actionsand associated support;60.Decidesto enhance reporting in national communications, including inventories,from Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention on mitigation actions and theireffects, and support received, with additional flexibility to be given to the least developedcountry Parties and small island developing States:(a)The content and frequency of national communications from Parties notincluded in Annex I to the Convention will not be more onerous than that for Partiesincluded in Annex I to the Convention;(b)Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention should submit theirnational communications to the Conference of the Parties, in accordance with Article 12,paragraph 1, of the Convention, every four years or in accordance with any furtherdecisions on frequency by the Conference of the Parties, taking into account a differentiatedtimetable and the prompt provision of financial resources to cover the agreed full costsincurred by Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention in preparing their nationalcommunications;(c)Developing countries, consistent with their capabilities and the level ofsupport provided for reporting, should also submit biennial update reports containingupdates of national greenhouse gas inventories, including a national inventory report andinformation on mitigation actions, needs and support received;61.Also decidesthat internationally supported mitigation actions will be measured,reported and verified domestically and will be subject to international measurement,reporting and verification in accordance with guidelines to be developed under theConvention;62.Further decidesthat domestically supported mitigation actions will be measured,reported and verified domestically in accordance with general guidelines to be developedunder the Convention;63.Decidesto conduct international consultations and analysis of biennial reports underthe Subsidiary Body for Implementation, in a manner that is non-intrusive, non-punitiveand respectful of national sovereignty; the international consultations and analysis will aimto increase transparency of mitigation actions and their effects, through analysis bytechnical experts in consultation with the Party concerned and through a facilitative sharingof views, and will result in a summary report;64.Also decidesthat information considered should include the national greenhouse gasinventory report, information on mitigation actions, including a description, analysis of theimpacts and associated methodologies and assumptions, progress in implementation andinformation on domestic measurement, reporting and verification, and support received;discussion about the appropriateness of such domestic policies and measures is not part ofthe process; discussions should be intended to provide transparency of information relatedto unsupported actions;65.Encouragesdeveloping countries to develop low-carbon development strategies orplans in the context of sustainable development;66.Agreeson a work programme for the development of modalities and guidelines for:facilitation of support to nationally appropriate mitigation actions through a registry;measurement, reporting and verification of supported actions and corresponding support;biennial reports as part of national communications from Parties not included in Annex I tothe Convention; domestic verification of mitigation actions undertaken with domesticresources; and international consultations and analysis;

Policy approaches and positive incentives on issues relating to reducingemissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developingcountries; and the role of conservation, sustainable management offorests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countriesAffirmingthat, in the context of the provision of adequate and predictable support todeveloping country Parties, Parties should collectively aim to slow, halt and reverse forestcover and carbon loss, in accordance with national circumstances, consistent with theultimate objective of the Convention, as stated in Article 2,Also affirmingthe need to promote broad country participation in all phasesdescribed in paragraph 73 below, including through the provision of support that takes intoaccount existing capacities,68.Encouragesall Parties to find effective ways to reduce the human pressure onforests that results in greenhouse gas emissions, including actions to address drivers ofdeforestation;69.Affirmsthat the implementation of the activities referred to in paragraph 70 belowshould be carried out in accordance with appendix I to this decision, and that the safeguardsreferred to in paragraph 2 of appendix I to this decision should be promoted and supported;70.Encouragesdeveloping country Parties to contribute to mitigation actions in theforest sector by undertaking the following activities, as deemed appropriate by each Partyand in accordance with their respective capabilities and national circumstances:(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)Reducing emissions from deforestation;Reducing emissions from forest degradation;Conservation of forest carbon stocks;Sustainable management of forests;Enhancement of forest carbon stocks;

(c)A robust and transparent national forest monitoring system for the monitoringand reporting of the activities referred to in paragraph 70 above, with, if appropriate,subnational monitoring and reporting as an interim measure,7in accordance with nationalcircumstances, and with the provisions contained in decision 4/CP.15, and with any furtherelaboration of those provisions agreed by the Conference of the Parties;(d)A system for providing information on how the safeguards referred to inappendix I to this decision are being addressed and respected throughout theimplementation of the activities referred to in paragraph 70 above, while respectingsovereignty;72.Also requestsdeveloping country Parties, when developing and implementing theirnational strategies or action plans, to address, inter alia, the drivers of deforestation andforest degradation, land tenure issues, forest governance issues, gender considerations andthe safeguards identified in paragraph 2 of appendix I to this decision, ensuring the full andeffective participation of relevant stakeholders, inter alia indigenous peoples and localcommunities;73.Decidesthat the activities undertaken by Parties referred to in paragraph 70 aboveshould be implemented in phases, beginning with the development of national strategies oraction plans, policies and measures, and capacity-building, followed by the implementationof national policies and measures and national strategies or action plans that could involvefurther capacity-building, technology development and transfer and results-baseddemonstration activities, and evolving into results-based actions that should be fullymeasured, reported and verified;74.Recognizesthat the implementation of the activities referred to in paragraph 70above, including the choice of a starting phase as referred to in paragraph 73 above,depends on the specific national circumstances, capacities and capabilities of eachdeveloping country Party and the level of support received;75.Requeststhe Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice to develop awork programme on the matters referred to in appendix II to this decision;76.UrgesParties, in particular developed country Parties, to support, throughmultilateral and bilateral channels, the development of national strategies or action plans,policies and measures and capacity-building, followed by the implementation of nationalpolicies and measures and national strategies or action plans that could involve furthercapacity-building, technology development and transfer and results-based demonstrationactivities, including consideration of the safeguards referred to in paragraph 2 of appendix Ito this decision, taking into account the relevant provisions on finance including thoserelating to reporting on support;77.Requeststhe Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under theConvention to explore financing options for the full implementation of the results-basedactions8referred to in paragraph 73 above and to report on progress made, including anyrecommendations for draft decisions on this matter, to the Conference of the Parties at itsseventeenth session;78.Also requestsParties to ensure coordination of the activities referred to in paragraph70 above, including of the related support, particularly at the national level;

Various approaches, including opportunities for using markets, toenhance the cost-effectiveness of, and to promote, mitigation actions,bearing in mind different circumstances of developed and developingcountriesAcknowledgingthe need to maintain consistency with the principles of theConvention,Emphasizingthe importance of contributing to sustainable development, includingthrough technology transfer and other co-benefits,Recognizingthe importance of enhancing sustainable lifestyles and patterns ofproduction and consumption,Aware ofthe need to provide incentives in support of low-emission developmentstrategies,80.Decidesto consider the establishment, at the seventeenth session of the Conferenceof the Parties, of one or more market-based mechanisms to enhance the cost-effectivenessof, and to promote, mitigation actions, taking into account the following:(a)Ensuring voluntary participation of Parties, supported by the promotion offair and equitable access for all Parties;(b)Complementing other means of support for nationally appropriate mitigationactions by developing country Parties;(c)(d)(e)emissions;Stimulating mitigation across broad segments of the economy;Safeguarding environmental integrity;Ensuring a net decrease and/or avoidance of global greenhouse gas

81.Requeststhe Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under theConvention to elaborate the mechanism or mechanisms referred to in paragraph 80 above,with a view to recommending a draft decision or decisions to the Conference of the Partiesfor consideration at its seventeenth session;82.InvitesParties and accredited observer organizations to submit to the secretariat, by21 February 2011, their views on the matters referred to in paragraph 81 above;83.Undertakes,in developing and implementing the mechanism or mechanismsreferred to in paragraph 80 above, to maintain and build upon existing mechanisms,including those established under the Kyoto Protocol;84.Decidesto consider the establishment, at the seventeenth session of the Conferenceof the Parties, of one or more non-market-based mechanisms to enhance the cost-effectiveness of, and to promote, mitigation actions;

85.Requeststhe Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under theConvention to elaborate the mechanism or mechanisms referred to in paragraph 84 above,with a view to recommending a draft decision or decisions to the Conference of the Partiesfor consideration at its seventeenth session;86.InvitesParties and accredited observer organizations to submit to the secretariat, by21 February 2011, their views on the matters referred to in paragraph 85 above;87.Also invitesParties and accredited observer organizations to submit to thesecretariat, by 21 February 2011, information on the evaluation of various approaches inenhancing the cost-effectiveness of, and promoting, mitigation actions, including activitiesimplemented jointly under Article 4, paragraph 2(a), of the Convention and any otherrelevant activities, for synthesis by the secretariat;

Economic and social consequences of response measuresReaffirmingthe importance of the objective of the Convention, and the relevantprinciples and provisions of the Convention related to economic and social consequences ofresponse measures, in particular its Articles 2, 3 and 4,Recognizingthat the implementation of response measures to mitigate climatechange taken by a Party may result in negative economic and social consequences for otherParties, and the need to take into consideration in the implementation of the commitmentsof the Convention the situation of Parties, particularly developing country Parties, witheconomies that are vulnerable to the adverse impact of the implementation of measures torespond to climate change, referred to in Article 4, paragraphs 8, 9 and 10, of theConvention,Affirmingthat responses to climate change should be coordinated with social andeconomic development in an integrated manner, with a view to avoiding adverse impactson the latter, taking fully into account the legitimate priority needs of developing countryParties for the achievement of sustained economic growth and the eradication of poverty,and the consequences for vulnerable groups, in particular women and children,Recognizingthe importance of avoiding or minimizing negative impacts of responsemeasures on social and economic sectors, promoting a just transition of the workforce, thecreation of decent work and quality jobs in accordance with nationally defined developmentpriorities and strategies, and contributing to building new capacity for both production andservice-related jobs in all sectors, promoting economic growth and sustainabledevelopment,Taking noteof relevant provisions of the United Nations Declaration on the Rightsof Indigenous Peoples,88.UrgesParties, in the implementation of measures to mitigate climate change, to takeinto consideration the economic and social impacts of response measures and the needs ofParties, in particular developing country Parties, impacted by response measures, consistentwith relevant provisions of the Convention;89.Also urgesdeveloped country Parties to strive to implement policies and measures torespond to climate change in such a way as to avoid negative social and economicconsequences for developing country Parties, taking into account Article 3 of theConvention, and to assist these Parties to address such consequences by providing support,including financial resources, transfer of technology and capacity-building, in accordancewith Article 4 of the Convention, to build up the resilience of societies and economiesnegatively affected by response measures;

90.Reaffirmsthat the Parties should cooperate to promote a supportive and openinternational economic system that would lead to sustainable economic growth anddevelopment in all Parties, particularly developing country Parties, thus enabling thembetter to address the problems of climate change; measures taken to combat climate change,including unilateral ones, should not constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiablediscrimination or a disguised restriction on international trade;91.Agreesthat information relating to response measures should be considered in astructured manner in order to enhance the implementation of Article 4, paragraph 1(g) and(h), of the Convention, recognizing the needs of developing country Parties identified inArticle 4, paragraphs 8, 9 and 10;92.Decidesthat Parties should cooperate fully to enhance understanding of theeconomic and social consequences of response measures, taking into account the need forinformation from those affected, and evidence of actual impacts, and of both positive andnegative effects; andfurther decidesto consider how existing channels, such as nationalcommunications, including the possible submission of supplementary information, asconsidered by the Subsidiary Body for Implementation, could be improved and built upon;93.Further decidesto provide a forum on the impact of the implementation of responsemeasures, and to that end requests the Chairs of the Subsidiary Body for Scientific andTechnological Advice and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation to convene such aforum at the thirty-fourth and thirty-fifth sessions of these bodies, with the objective ofdeveloping a work programme under the subsidiary bodies to address these impacts, with aview to adopting, at the seventeenth session of the Conference of the Parties, modalities forthe operationalization of the work programme and a possible forum on response measures;94.InvitesParties and relevant intergovernmental organizations to submit to thesecretariat, by 28 March 2011, their views on the issues referred to in paragraph 93 abovefor consideration by the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and theSubsidiary Body for Implementation at their thirty-fourth sessions;

Finance, technology and capacity-buildingFinance95.Takes noteof the collective commitment by developed countries to provide new andadditional resources, including forestry and investments through international institutions,approaching USD 30 billion for the period 2010–2012, with a balanced allocation betweenadaptation and mitigation; funding for adaptation will be prioritized for the most vulnerabledeveloping countries, such as the least developed countries, small island developing Statesand Africa;96.Invites,in order to enhance transparency, developed country Parties to submit to thesecretariat for compilation into an information document, by May 2011, 2012 and 2013,information on the resources provided to fulfil the commitment referred to in paragraph 95above, including ways in which developing country Parties access these resources;97.Decidesthat, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Convention, scaled-up, new and additional, predictable and adequate funding shall be provided to developingcountry Parties, taking into account the urgent and immediate needs of developing countriesthat are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change;

98.Recognizesthat developed country Parties commit, in the context of meaningfulmitigation actions and transparency on implementation, to a goal of mobilizing jointly USD100 billion per year by 2020 to address the needs of developing countries;99.Agreesthat, in accordance with paragraph 1(e) of the Bali Action Plan, fundsprovided to developing country Parties may come from a wide variety of sources, publicand private, bilateral and multilateral, including alternative sources;100.Decidesthat a significant share of new multilateral funding for adaptation shouldflow through the Green Climate Fund, referred to in paragraph 102 below;101.Takes noteof the relevant reports on the financing needs and options for themobilization of resources to address the needs of developing country Parties with regard toclimate change adaptation and mitigation, including the report of the High-level AdvisoryGroup on Climate Change Financing;102.Decidesto establish a Green Climate Fund, to be designated as an operating entity ofthe financial mechanism of the Convention under Article 11, with arrangements to beconcluded between the Conference of the Parties and the Green Climate Fund to ensure thatit is accountable to and functions under the guidance of the Conference of the Parties, tosupport projects, programmes, policies and other activities in developing country Partiesusing thematic funding windows;103.Also decidesthat the Fund shall be governed by a Board of 24 members, comprisingan equal number of members from developing and developed country Parties;representation from developing country Parties shall include representatives of relevantUnited Nations regional groupings and representatives of small island developing Statesand the least developed countries; each Board member shall have an alternate member; withalternate members entitled to participate in the meetings of the board only through theprincipal member, without the right to vote, unless they are serving as the member; duringthe absence of the member from all or part of a meeting of the Board, his or her alternateshall serve as the member;104.Further decidesthat the Green Climate Fund shall have a trustee; the trustee for theGreen Climate Fund shall have the administrative competence to manage the financialassets of the Green Climate Fund, maintain appropriate financial records and preparefinancial statements and other reports required by the Board of the Green Climate Fund, inaccordance with internationally accepted fiduciary standards;105.Decidesthat the trustee shall administer the assets of the Green Climate Fund onlyfor the purpose of, and in accordance with, the relevant decisions of the Green ClimateFund Board; the trustee shall hold the assets of the Green Climate Fund separate and apartfrom the assets of the trustee, but may commingle them for administrative and investmentpurposes with other assets maintained by the trustee; and the trustee shall establish andmaintain separate records and accounts to identify the assets of the Green Climate Fund;106.Decidesthat the trustee shall be accountable to the Green Climate Fund Board forthe performance of its fiduciary responsibilities;107.Invitesthe World Bank to serve as the interim trustee for the Green Climate Fund,subject to a review three years after operationalization of the Fund;108.Decidesthat the operation of the Fund shall be supported by an independentsecretariat;109.Also decidesthat the Green Climate Fund shall be designed by a TransitionalCommittee in accordance with the terms of reference contained in appendix III to thisdecision; the Transitional Committee shall have 40 members, with 15 members fromdeveloped country Parties and 25 members from developing country Parties as follows:17

110.Invitesthe Executive Secretary of the secretariat, in consultation with the Presidentof the Conference of the Parties, to convene the initial meeting of the TransitionalCommittee, with members having the necessary experience and skills, notably in the area offinance and climate change; the meetings of the Transitional Committee will be open toobservers;111.Requeststhe secretariat, in consultation with the President of the Conference of theParties, to make arrangements enabling relevant United Nations agencies, internationalfinancial institutions and multilateral development banks, along with the secretariat and theGlobal Environment Facility, to second staff to support the work of the TransitionalCommittee for the design phase of the Green Climate Fund;112.Decidesto establish a Standing Committee under the Conference of the Parties toassist the Conference of the Parties in exercising its functions with respect to the financialmechanism of the Convention in terms of improving coherence and coordination in thedelivery of climate change financing, rationalization of the financial mechanism,mobilization of financial resources and measurement, reporting and verification of supportprovided to developing country Parties; Parties agree to further define the roles andfunctions of this Standing Committee;

Technology development and transferRecallingthe commitments under the Convention, in particular Article 4,paragraphs 1, 3, 5, 7, 8 and 9,Confirmingthe importance of promoting and enhancing national and internationalcooperative action on the development and transfer of environmentally sound technologiesto developing country Parties to support action on mitigation and adaptation now, up to andbeyond 2012, in order to achieve the ultimate objective of the Convention,Recognizingthat an early and rapid reduction in emissions and the urgent need toadapt to the adverse impacts of climate change require large-scale diffusion and transfer of,or access to, environmentally sound technologies,Stressingthe need for effective mechanisms, enhanced means, appropriate enablingenvironments and the removal of obstacles to the scaling up of the development andtransfer of technology to developing country Parties,113.Decidesthat the objective of enhanced action on technology development andtransfer is to support action on mitigation and adaptation in order to achieve the fullimplementation of the Convention;114.Also decidesthat, in pursuit of this objective, technology needs must be nationallydetermined, based on national circumstances and priorities;115.Further decidesto accelerate action consistent with international obligations, atdifferent stages of the technology cycle, including research and development,demonstration, deployment, diffusion and transfer of technology (hereinafter referred in

this decision as technology development and transfer) in support of action on mitigationand adaptation;116.EncouragesParties, in the context of Article 4, paragraphs 1(c) and 5, of theConvention and consistent with their respective capabilities and national circumstances andpriorities, to undertake domestic actions identified through country-driven approaches, toengage in bilateral and multilateral cooperative activities on technology development andtransfer and to increase private and public research, development and demonstration inrelation to technologies for mitigation and adaptation;117.Decidesto establish a Technology Mechanism to facilitate the implementation ofactions for achieving the objective referred to in paragraphs 113–115 above, under theguidance of and accountable to the Conference of the Parties, which will consist of thefollowing components:(a)A Technology Executive Committee, to undertake the functions contained inparagraph 121 below;(b)A Climate Technology Centre and Network, to undertake the functionscontained in paragraph 123 below;118.Also decidesthat the Technology Executive Committee and the Climate TechnologyCentre and Network, consistent with their respective functions, should facilitate theeffective implementation of the Technology Mechanism, under the guidance of theConference of the Parties;119.Further decidesthat the Technology Executive Committee shall further implementthe framework for meaningful and effective actions to enhance the implementation ofArticle 4, paragraph 5, of the Convention adopted by decision 4/CP.7 and enhanced bydecision 3/CP.13;120.Decidesthat priority areas that could be considered under the Convention mayinclude:(a)Development and enhancement of the endogenous capacities andtechnologies of developing country Parties, including cooperative research, developmentand demonstration programmes;(b)Deployment and diffusion of environmentally sound technologies and know-how in developing country Parties;(c)Increased public and private investment in technology development,deployment, diffusion and transfer;(d)Deployment of soft and hard technologies for the implementation ofadaptation and mitigation actions;(e)Improved climate change observation systems and related informationmanagement;(f)centres;Strengthening of national systems of innovation and technology innovation

(b)Consider and recommend actions to promote technology development andtransfer, in order to accelerate action on mitigation and adaptation;(c)Recommend guidance on policies and programme priorities related totechnology development and transfer with special consideration given to the leastdeveloped country Parties;(d)Promote and facilitate collaboration on the development and transfer oftechnologies for mitigation and adaptation between governments, the private sector, non-profit organizations and academic and research communities;(e)Recommend actions to address the barriers to technology development andtransfer in order to enable enhanced action on mitigation and adaptation;(f)Seek cooperation with relevant international technology initiatives,stakeholders and organizations, and promote coherence and cooperation across technologyactivities, including activities under and outside of the Convention;(g)Catalyse the development and use of technology road maps or action plans atthe international, regional and national levels through cooperation between relevantstakeholders, particularly governments and relevant organizations or bodies, including thedevelopment of best practice guidelines as facilitative tools for action on mitigation andadaptation;122.Further decidesthat the Technology Executive Committee shall have the mandateand composition as contained in appendix IV to this decision;123.Decidesthat the Climate Technology Centre shall facilitate a network of national,regional, sectoral and international technology networks, organizations and initiatives witha view to engaging the participants of the Network effectively in the following functions:(a)At the request of a developing country Party:

(i)Providing advice and support related to the identification of technology needsand the implementation of environmentally sound technologies, practices andprocesses;(ii)Facilitating the provision of information, training and support forprogrammes to build or strengthen capacity of developing countries to identifytechnology options, make technology choices and operate, maintain and adapttechnology;(iii) Facilitating prompt action on the deployment of existing technology indeveloping country Parties based on identified needs;(b)Stimulating and encouraging, through collaboration with the private sector,public institutions, academia and research institutions, the development and transfer ofexisting and emerging environmentally sound technologies, as well as opportunities forNorth–South, South–South and triangular technology cooperation;(c)Facilitating a network of national, regional, sectoral and internationaltechnology centres, networks, organization and initiatives with a view to:(i)Enhancing cooperation with national, regional and international technologycentres and relevant national institutions;(ii)Facilitating international partnerships among public and private stakeholdersto accelerate the innovation and diffusion of environmentally sound technologies todeveloping country Parties;

124.Also decidesto terminate the mandate of the Expert Group on Technology Transferat the conclusion of the sixteenth session of the Conference of the Parties;125.Further decidesthat the Technology Executive Committee shall convene its firstmeeting as soon as practicable following the election of its members and shall elaborate itsmodalities and procedures taking into account the need to achieve coherence and maintaininteractions with other relevant institutional arrangements under and outside of theConvention, for consideration by the Conference of the Parties at its seventeenth session;126.Decidesthat the Technology Executive Committee and the Climate TechnologyCentre and Network shall report, on an interim basis9and without prejudice to therelationship between the Technology Executive Committee and the Climate TechnologyCentre and Network as referred to in paragraph 128 (a) below to the Conference of theParties, through the subsidiary bodies, on their respective activities and the performance oftheir respective functions;127.Also decidesthat the Climate Technology Centre and Network and the TechnologyExecutive Committee shall relate so as to promote coherence and synergy;

Work programme for the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action

under the Convention in 2011 on technology development and transfer

128.Underlinesthe importance of continued dialogue among Parties in 2011 through theAd Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the Convention, includingon the following matters, with a view to the Conference of the Parties taking a decision atits seventeenth session, in order to make the Technology Mechanism fully operational in2012:(a)The relationship between the Technology Executive Committee and theClimate Technology Centre and Network, and their reporting lines;(b)The governance structure of and terms of reference for the ClimateTechnology Centre and Network and how the Climate Technology Centre will relate to theNetwork, drawing upon the results of the workshop referred to in paragraph 129 below;(c)The procedure for calls for proposals and the criteria to be used to evaluateand select the host of the Climate Technology Centre and Network;(d)The potential links between the Technology Mechanism and the financialmechanism;(e)Consideration of additional functions for the Technology ExecutiveCommittee and the Climate Technology Centre and Network;9

Capacity-buildingReaffirmingthat capacity-building is essential to enable developing country Partiesto participate fully in addressing the challenges of climate change, and to implementeffectively their commitments under the Convention,Recallingthe provisions related to capacity-building for developing country Partiescontained in relevant decisions adopted by the Conference of the Parties, especiallydecision 2/CP.7,Taking into accountthat the scope of capacity-building and related needs ascontained in the annex to decision 2/CP.7 and the key factors identified in decision 2/CP.10remain valid,Acknowledgingthat capacity-building is cross-cutting in nature and an integral partof enhanced action on mitigation, adaptation, technology development and transfer, andaccess to financial resources,Also acknowledgingthat, in addition, there may be specific capacity-buildingactivities that require support to enable developing countries to undertake the enhancedimplementation of the Convention,Reaffirmingthat capacity-building should be a continuous, progressive and iterativeprocess that is participatory, country-driven and consistent with national priorities andcircumstances,130.Decidesthat capacity-building support to developing country Parties should beenhanced with a view to strengthening endogenous capacities at the subnational, national orregional levels, as appropriate, taking into account gender aspects, to contribute to theachievement of the full, effective and sustained implementation of the Convention, by, interalia:(a)Strengthening relevant institutions at various levels, including focal pointsand national coordinating bodies and organizations;(b)Strengthening networks for the generation, sharing and management ofinformation and knowledge, including through North–South, South–South and triangularcooperation;(c)Strengthening climate change communication, education, training and publicawareness at all levels;(d)Strengthening integrated approaches and the participation of variousstakeholders in relevant social, economic and environmental policies and actions;(e)Supporting existing and emerging capacity-building needs identified in theareas of mitigation, adaptation, technology development and transfer, and access tofinancial resources;131.Also decidesthat financial resources for enhanced action on capacity-building indeveloping country Parties should be provided by Parties included in Annex II to theConvention and other Parties in a position to do so through the current and any future

operating entities of the financial mechanism, as well as through various bilateral, regionaland other multilateral channels, as appropriate;132.Encouragesdeveloped country Parties to continue to report through their nationalcommunications, in accordance with the “Guidelines for the preparation of nationalcommunications by Parties included in Annex I to the Convention, Part II: UNFCCCreporting guidelines on national communications”, on the support they have provided forcapacity-building in developing country Parties;133.Invitesdeveloped country Parties in a position to do so to provide information,through annual submissions to the secretariat and other appropriate channels, on the supportthey have provided for capacity-building in developing country Parties;134.Encouragesdeveloping country Parties to continue to report through their nationalcommunications, in accordance with the “Guidelines for the preparation of nationalcommunications from Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention”, on progressmade in enhancing their capacity to address climate change, including on the use of thesupport received;135.Invitesdeveloping country Parties in a position to do so to provide information,through annual submissions to the secretariat and other appropriate channels, on progressmade in enhancing their capacity to address climate change, including on the use of thesupport received;136.Requeststhe Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under theConvention to consider ways to further enhance the monitoring and review of theeffectiveness of capacity-building, for consideration by the Conference of the Parties at itsseventeenth session;137.Also requeststhe Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action underthe Convention to further elaborate the modalities regarding institutional arrangements forcapacity-building, for consideration by the Conference of the Parties at its seventeenthsession;

VI. Other matters

Parties included in Annex I to the Convention undergoing the process of transition to

a market economy

RecallingArticle 4, paragraph 6, of the Convention and relevant decisions of theConference of the Parties, especially decisions 3/CP.7 and 3/CP.13 relating to Partiesincluded in Annex I to the Convention undergoing the process of transition to a marketeconomy,Notingthat Parties included in Annex I to the Convention undergoing the process oftransition to a market economy are not included in Annex II to the Convention and as suchare not subject to the provisions of Article 4, paragraphs 3 and 4, of the Convention,Recallingthat Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Convention provides that a certaindegree of flexibility shall be allowed by the Conference of the Parties to Parties included inAnnex I to the Convention undergoing the process of transition to a market economy,Taking noteof the submissionsFCCC/AWGLCA/2010/MISC.6/Add.2,fromPartiescontainedindocument

141.Requeststhe Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under theConvention to continue consideration of these issues with a view to promoting access byParties included in Annex I to the Convention undergoing the process of transition to amarket economy to technology, capacity-building and finance in order to enhance theirability to develop low-emission economies;

Parties included in Annex I to the Convention whose special circumstances are

recognized by the Conference of the Parties

Recallingdecision 26/CP.7 that amended the list in Annex II to the Convention bydeleting the name of Turkey,Recallingdecision 26/CP.7 that invited Parties to recognize the specialcircumstances of Turkey, which place Turkey in a situation different from that of otherParties included in Annex I to the Convention,Recognizingthat Turkey is in a situation different from that of other Parties includedin Annex I to the Convention,Notingthat Turkey is not included in Annex II to the Convention and as such is notsubject to the commitments of Article 4, paragraphs 3–5, of the Convention and that Turkeyis eligible for support under Article 4, paragraph 5, of the Convention,Taking noteof the submissionFCCC/AWGLCA/2010/MISC.8,fromTurkeycontainedindocument

VII. Extension of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-termCooperative Action under the Convention143.Decidesto extend the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Actionunder the Convention for one year, in order for it to continue its work with a view tocarrying out the undertakings contained in this decision and present the results to theConference of the Parties for consideration at its seventeenth session;144.Requeststhe Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under theConvention to continue its work drawing on the documents under its consideration;145.Also requeststhe Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action underthe Convention to continue discussing legal options with the aim of completing an agreedoutcome based on decision 1/CP.13 (Bali Action Plan), the work done at the sixteenthsession of the Conference of the Parties and proposals made by Parties under Article 17 ofthe Convention;146.Further requeststhe secretariat to make the necessary arrangements in accordancewith any guidance from the Bureau of the Conference of the Parties;147.Mandatesthe host country of the next session of the Conference of the Parties toundertake inclusive and transparent consultations in order to facilitate the work towards thesuccess of that session.

2.When undertaking the activities referred to in paragraph 70 of this decision, thefollowing safeguards should be promoted and supported:(a)That actions complement or are consistent with the objectives of nationalforest programmes and relevant international conventions and agreements;(b)Transparent and effective national forest governance structures, taking intoaccount national legislation and sovereignty;(c)Respect for the knowledge and rights of indigenous peoples and members oflocal communities, by taking into account relevant international obligations, nationalcircumstances and laws, and noting that the United Nations General Assembly has adoptedthe United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples;(d)The full and effective participation of relevant stakeholders, in particularindigenous peoples and local communities, in the actions referred to in paragraphs 70 and72 of this decision;(e)That actions are consistent with the conservation of natural forests andbiological diversity, ensuring that the actions referred to in paragraph 70 of this decision arenot used for the conversion of natural forests, but are instead used to incentivize the

Appendix IIWork programme of the Subsidiary Body for Scientific andTechnological Advice on policy approaches and positive incentives onissues relating to reducing emissions from deforestation and forestdegradation in developing countries; and the role of conservation,sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbonstocks in developing countriesIn the development of its work programme, the Subsidiary Body for Scientific andTechnological Advice is requested to:(a)Identify land use, land-use change and forestry activities in developingcountries, in particular those that are linked to the drivers of deforestation and forestdegradation, identify the associated methodological issues to estimate emissions andremovals resulting from these activities, and assess the potential contribution of theseactivities to the mitigation of climate change, and report on the findings and outcomes ofthis work to the Conference of the Parties (COP) at its eighteenth session on the outcomesof the work referred to in this paragraph;(b)Develop modalities relating to paragraphs 71 (b) and (c) and guidancerelating to paragraph 71 (d) of this decision, for consideration by the COP at its seventeenthsession;(c)Develop, as necessary, modalities for measuring, reporting and verifyinganthropogenic forest-related emissions by sources and removals by sinks, forest carbonstocks, and forest carbon stock and forest-area changes resulting from the implementationof the activities referred to in paragraph 70 of this decision, consistent with any guidance onmeasuring, reporting and verifying nationally appropriate mitigation actions by developingcountry Parties agreed by the COP, taking into account methodological guidance inaccordance with decision 4/CP.15, for consideration by the COP at its seventeenth session.

Appendix IIITerms of reference for the design of the Green Climate Fund1.The Transitional Committee shall develop and recommend to the Conference of theParties for its approval at its seventeenth session operational documents that address, interalia:(a)The legal and institutional arrangements for the establishment andoperationalization of the Green Climate Fund;(b)The rules of procedure of the Green Climate Fund Board and othergovernance issues related to the Board;(c)Methods to manage the large scale of financial resources from a number ofsources and deliver through a variety of financial instruments, funding windows and accessmodalities, including direct access, with the objective of achieving a balanced allocationbetween adaptation and mitigation;(d)The financial instruments that the Fund can use to achieve its priorities;

(e)Methods to enhance complementarity between the Fund’s activities and thoseof other bilateral, regional and multilateral funding mechanisms and institutions;(f)The role of the Fund’s secretariat and the procedure for selecting and/orestablishing the secretariat;(g)A mechanism to ensure periodic independent evaluation of the Fund’sperformance;(h)Mechanisms to ensure financial accountability and to evaluate theperformance of activities supported by the Fund, in order to ensure the application ofenvironmental and social safeguards as well as internationally accepted fiduciary standardsand sound financial management to the Fund’s activities;(i)Mechanisms to ensure the provision of appropriate expert and technicaladvice, including from relevant thematic bodies established under the Convention;(j)2.Mechanisms to ensure stakeholder input and participation.

3.Parties are encouraged to nominate senior experts to the Technology ExecutiveCommittee, with a view to achieving, within the membership, an appropriate balance oftechnical, legal, policy, social development and financial expertise relevant to thedevelopment and transfer of technology for adaptation and mitigation, taking into accountthe need to achieve gender balance in accordance with decision 36/CP.7.4.Members shall serve for a term of two years and shall be eligible to serve amaximum of two consecutive terms of office. The following rules shall apply:(a)Half of the members shall be elected initially for a term of three years andhalf of the members shall be elected for a term of two years;(b)(c)Thereafter, the COP shall elect every year a member for a term of two years;The members shall remain in office until their successors are elected.

5.The Technology Executive Committee shall elect annually a chair and a vice-chairfrom among its members for a term of one year each, with one being a member from anAnnex I Party and the other being a member from a non-Annex I Party. The positions ofchair and vice-chair shall alternate annually between a member from an Annex I Party anda member from a non-Annex I Party.6.If the chair is temporarily unable to fulfil the obligations of the office, the vice-chairshall serve as chair. In the absence of the chair and vice-chair at a particular meeting, anyother member designated by the Technology Executive Committee shall temporarily serveas the chair of that meeting.7.If the chair or vice-chair is unable to complete the term of office, the TechnologyExecutive Committee shall elect a replacement to complete the term of office, taking intoaccount paragraph 5 above.8.If a member of the Technology Executive Committee resigns or is otherwise unableto complete the assigned term of office or to perform the functions of that office, theTechnology Executive Committee may decide, bearing in mind the proximity of the nextsession of the COP, to appoint another member from the same constituency to replace saidmember for the remainder of that member’s mandate, in which case the appointment shallcount as one term.9.The Technology Executive Committee, in performing its functions, should drawupon outside expertise, including the UNFCCC roster of experts and the Climate30

Technology Centre and Network, to provide advice, including as expert advisers at itsmeetings.10.The Technology Executive Committee should seek input from intergovernmentaland international organizations and the private sector and may seek input from civil societyin undertaking its work. It may invite advisers drawn from relevant intergovernmental andinternational organizations as well as the private sector and civil society to participate in itsmeetings as expert advisers on specific issues as they arise.11.The meetings of the Technology Executive Committee shall be open to attendanceby accredited observer organizations, except where otherwise decided by the TechnologyExecutive Committee.12.The secretariat shall support and facilitate the work of the Technology ExecutiveCommittee.9thplenary meeting10–11 December 2010