L 12 - 2010-11 (1. samling) - Endeligt svar på spørgsmål 88: Spm. om, hvilke foranstaltninger der er iværksat eller planlægger iværksat vedrørende ammoniakudledning i andre EU-medlemsstater f.eks. Tyskland, Holland, Frankrig, Spanien, Polen og Sverige, til miljøministeren

Implementation of EU Directives with regard to livestockfarming in the UK, the Netherlands and Germany – a summaryof questionnaire responsesHelleTegnerAnker1ThisshortcomparativestudyhasbeencarriedoutfortheDanishCommitteeonLivestockRegulation.Thead‐hocCommitteehasbeenappointedbytheDanishMinisterfortheEnvironmentinaccordancewiththeso‐calledGreenGrowthagreement.ThesummaryisbasedonresponsestothespecificquestionsindicatedbelowbytherelevantministriesintheUnitedKingdom,theNetherlandsandGermanyaswellasfromoneindividualresearcherineachcountry.2

Overall summary:ThequestionnaireresponseshighlightcertainsimilaritiesanddifferencesamongthecountriesintheimplementationoftheEUDirectiveswithregardtoenvironmentalregulationoflivestockfarming.AnoverallconclusionisthattheimplementationintheUK,theNetherlandsandGermanygenerallyismorecloselylinkedtotheminimumrequirementsofthedirectivesasopposedtoasomewhatbroaderimplementationinDenmark.ThereareafewdifferencesintheoverallstructureoflivestockregulationintheUKasopposedtotheNetherlandsandGermany.TheUKsystemoperateswithanenvironmentpermit(IPPC‐permit)andaseparateEIAprocedurelinkedtoaplanningpermission.IntheNetherlandsandGermanyEIAislinkedtotheenvironmental(IPPC)permit.InallthreecountriesseparatelegislationimplementtheHabitatsDirective–ahabitatassessmentmayneverthelessbelinkedtotheEIAprocedure.ImplementationoftheNitratesDirectiveisgenerallyconsideredaseparatematterandregulatedbygeneralrules.Compliancewiththegeneralnitraterequirementsmaytosomeextentbecontrolledorspecifiedinindividualpermits,e.g.inGermany.AllthreecountriesapplytheIPPC‐thresholdsdirectlyintheirpermitsystem.IntheNetherlandslowerpermitthresholdsapplyaswell–atleastforthetimebeing.InGermanyasimplifiedpermit(withoutpublic1

NotattilHusdyrreguleringsudvalget,9.november2010participation)appliestocertainlivestockprojectsbelowtheIPPC‐thresholds.Similarly,themandatoryAnnexIthresholdsoftheEIADirectiveareusedinallthreecountries,withsomemorevariationastotheuseofthresholdsforAnnexII‐projects.AninterestingfeatureisthatGermanyinrelationtoAnnexII‐projectsoperateswithgeneralsizethresholdsaswellassite‐specificthresholds.SpreadingofmanureisgenerallynotsubjecttoadditionalregulationaspartofanIPPC‐permit.However,certaincontrolorinformationrequirementstodocumente.gstoragecapacity,“safe”disposalorapplicationinaccordancewiththegeneralrulesmayberequired.InGermany,thepermitofanylivestockinstallationirrespectiveofcapacityincludesamanuremanagementconcept(oftenso‐calleddocumentationoffarmland–“Flächennachweis”)inordertoproveprospectiveconformitywiththedemandsoftheFertilizerOrdinancebyestablishingafarmgatebalance.3RegardinghabitatassessmentstheUKandtheNetherlandsapplyabroadprojectconcept,includingmanurespreadingetc.Itis,however,notquitecleartowhatextentthehabitatassessmentreferstoorreliesonthegeneralregulationofmanurespreadinginaccordancewiththeNitratesDirective.Germanymoreclearlyappearstoexcludeagriculturalactivities,e.g.manurespreadingthatcomplieswiththeprovisionsongoodagriculturalpractices,fromhabitatassessmentandpermitrequirements.However,suchactivitiesmustcomplywithrelevantrequirementsinaNatura2000managementplan.ItappearsthatspreadingofmanureisprimarilyregulatedthroughgeneralrulesinaccordancewiththeNitratesDirective.Suchgeneralrulesmay,however,becontrolledorspecifiedinanindividualpermit/EIAprocedureasitisthecaseatleastinGermany.Furthermore,manurespreadingmayinsomeinstancesbesupplementedbyspecificprovisionslaiddowninNatura2000‐managementplans.SpreadingofmanureisinitselfnotsubjecttoseparatepermitorassessmentproceduresandisapartfromGermanynotconsideredacoreissueinindividualpermitorassessmentproceduresforlivestockinstallations.IntheUKtheEIAprocedure,however,includesassessmentofmanurespreadingaspartofanEIAforlivestockprojects.InrelationtohabitatassessmentsitappearsthatatleastinGermanyandpossiblyalsointheNetherlandsandtheUKtheassessmenttosomeextentreliesonthegeneralandpossiblymoresite‐specificregulationofe.g.manurespreading.

1. IPPC Directivea. What are the permit thresholds for poultry, production pigs and sows?DK:TherearethreedifferentpermitsforlivestockinstallationsaccordingtotheActonenvironmentalpermitforlivestockinstallations‐§10permit(simplified)forlivestockinstallationsfrom15‐75“animalunits”(oneanimalunitisequivalentto100kgN),§11permitforlivestockinstallationsofmorethan75“animalunits”,and§12permitforlivestockinstallationswithmorethan250animalunits(or750placesforsows,40.000placesforchickens/broilers,40.000placesforhens,or2.000placesforproductionpigs).UK/England:OnlytheIPPCthresholdsapply–40.000placesforpoultry,2.000placesforproductionpigs(over30kg)and750placesforsows(eachthresholdistreatedindependently).AnenvironmentalpermitistheresponsibilityoftheEnvironmentAgency.Ifaplanningpermitisalsorequiredthiswillbeissuedbeforetheenvironmentalpermit.NL:TheIPPCthresholdsapply(IPPC‐installations)togetherwithapermitrequirementforsmallerinstallations(seebelowb))accordingtotheEMA‐permitrequirement(EnvironmentalManagementAct).NB:anewintegralWABO‐permitcameintoforce1October,2010integratingbuildingpermit,EMA‐permit,NatureConservationpermitetc.–itis,however,onlyaproceduralchange(onepermit/oneauthority)coordinatingallexistingpermitrequirements.Germany:TheIPPCthresholdsapply(§10permit,withpublicparticipation),i.e.40.000placesforhens,turkeysandfatteningpoultry(broilers,ducksetc.),2.000placesforfatteningpigs,750placesforsows,6.000placesforpigletstogetherwithasimplifiedpermit(§19permit,withoutpublicparticipation)forinstallationswith15.000‐40.000placesforhensandfatteningturkeys,30.000‐40.000placesforchickenlayinghensandfatteningpoultry(broilers,ducksetc.),1.500‐2.000placesforfatteningpigs,560‐750placesforsows,and4.500‐6.000placesforpiglets.

b. Are there permit requirements for other livestock farms than those listed inthe IPPC Directive, e.g. cattle or pig/poultry production below the IPPCthresholds? If so – what are the permit thresholds?DK:Yes,seeabove(alltypesoflivestockaresubjecttopermitrequirementsifabovethethresholds)UK/England:NoadditionalenvironmentalpermitrequirementsbelowtheIPPC‐thresholdsNL:Yes–pigandpoultryinstallationswithmorethan25poultryor10pigs/sows.However,“smallagrarian”installations(below50“pigunits”–1pigunitmayequal1,5‐2,3sowsandupto144hens)aresubjecttogeneralrulesonlyanddonotneedapermit.AccordingtotheDutchMinistrythepermitlevelsforpigandpoultryinstallationswillberaisedtotheIPPC‐thresholdsinthefutureandthepermitrequirementforinstallationsbelowtheIPPC‐thresholdswillbereplacedbygeneralregulations.Installationsforcattlearesubjecttospecificpermitthresholds,e.g.morethan200dairycattle(youngcowsexcluded),and340youngdairycows.Germany:Yes,seeabovere.thesimplified§19‐permitthatdoesnotincludepublicparticipationbutthesametechnicalandenvironmentalrequirementsasanIPPC‐permit.Thisalsoappliestocattleinstallations,i.e.600ormoreplacesforcattle,500ormoreplacesforcalves,andtofuranimals(i.e.750‐1.000placesforfuranimals,and§10permitfor1.000ormoreplacesforfuranimals).Allsmallerinstallationsaresubjecttoapermitrequirementaccordingtothe“FederalBuildingCode”thatalsoincludesallrequirementsnecessarytoprotecttheenvironment(e.g.§22oftheFederalImmissionControlAct).

c. Does a permit only regulate the physical installations on the farm or alsothe adjacent land use, e.g. spreading of manure, crop rotation, cultivation freeareas etc.?DK:Anenvironmentalpermitforlivestockinstallationscoverstheadjacentlanduseandtosomeextentalsocontract‐areasforspreadingofmanure.UK/England:Informationaboutassociatedlandusedforspreadingofmanure,growingcrops,etc.shouldbeincludedinanapplication.That associated land becomes part of the 'installation' for thepurposes of the permit and may be made subject to conditions according to the facts of the case.

NL:Normallyonlythephysicalinstallation,butalsolandwhichimmediatelyborderstotheinstallationandisintensivelyusedisregulatedbythepermit,e.g.fortherun/movingofanimals.Landwhichiscutofffromtheinstallationbyaditchoraroadisnotregulatedbythepermit.Spreadingofmanureisnotregulatedinapermit.Germany:TheapplicantforapermitforanylivestockinstallationhastoensurethatprospectivemanureandnutrientmanagementcomplieswiththerequirementsoftheFertilizerOrdinanceeitherbyapplicationonownfarmlandorofhavingestablishedcontractswiththirdparties.Aspartofthemanuremanagementconcept(oftenso‐calleddocumentationoffarmland–Flächennachweis)theamountofmanureandnutrientsproduced,importedorexportedhastobecalculatedandasufficientstoragecapacity(minimum6monthsforliquidmanure)hastobedocumented.Inaddition,theconceptrequiresanexplicitandcompleteidentificationofareasusedforspreadingofmanure(inventoryoffarmland),includinginformationonspatialposition,typeofland(arableland,grassland),soiltype,nutrientsupplyandrestrictionsduetowaterprotectionzonesornatureprotectionareas.Theconceptalsoincludesinformationontheprospectivecroprotationandtheestablishmentofafarmgatebalance.

2. EIA Directivea. What are the thresholds for mandatory EIA of poultry and pig installations(Annex I)?DK:EIAoflivestockprojectsissince1.1.2007isintegratedintotheenvironmentalpermitprocedureintheActonenvironmentalpermitforlivestockinstallations.UK/England:EIADirectiveAnnexI‐thresholdsareused–i.e.poultrywithmorethana)85.000placesforbroilers,60.000placesforhens,b)3.000placesforproductionpigs(over30kg),orc)900placesforsows.TheNetherlands:EIADirectiveAnnexI‐thresholdsareused,i.e.poultrywithmorethana)85.000placesforchickens,60.000placesforhens,b)3.000placesforpigs,orc)900placesforsowsGermany:EIADirectiveAnnexI‐thresholdsareused,i.e.60.000placesforhensandturkeys,85.000placesforchickenlayinghensandfatteningpoultry(broilers,ducksetc.),3.000placesforpigs,900placesforsowsand9.000placesforpiglets.

c. Are there thresholds for Annex II livestock installations?DK:Livestockprojectsabove15animalunits(3forfurfarms)shouldbesubjecttoanindividualscreeningaspartoftheenvironmentalpermitsystem.UK/England:AnnexIIinstallationswithanewfloorspaceexceeding500m2andprojectsin“sensitiveareas”aresubjecttomandatoryEIA.AllotherAnnexIIprojectsshallbesubjecttoindividualscreeningaccordingtotherelevantAnnexIIIcriteriaandthethresholdsindicated.GovernmentGuidanceindicatesnon‐bindingthresholds(EIAis“..morelikelytoberequiredfor…”installationswithmorethan750sows,2.000fatteningpigs,60.000broilersor50.000layers,turkeysorotherpoultry).NL:Yes–poultry:60.000placesforchickensor45.000placesforhens,pigs:2.200placesforpigsor350placesforsows.Otherlivestockinstallations(e.g.cattle)arenotsubjecttothresholdsorindividualscreening.AccordingtotheDutchMinistrytheEIArequirementwillbebroadenedtoincludeotherlivestockcategoriesaswell.Germany:Yes–theGermanlegislationoperateswithgeneralscreening‐thresholds(A)andsite‐specificscreeningthresholds(S),e.g.40.000‐60.000placesforhensandturkeys(A),15.000‐40.000placesforhensandturkeys(S),40.000‐85.000placesforyounghensandfatteningpoultry(broilers,ducksetc.)(A),30.000‐40.000placesyounghensandfatteningpoultry(broilers,ducksetc.)(S),2.000‐3.000placesforpigs(A),1.500‐2.000placesforpigs(S),750‐900placesforsows(A),560‐750placesforsows(S),800ormoreplacesforcattle(A),600‐800placesforcattle(S),1000ormoreplacesforcalves(A),500‐1000placesforcalves(S)1.000ormoreplacesforfuranimals(A)and750‐1.000placesforfuranimals(S).Otherlivestockinstallationsthanthoselistedwiththresholdsarenotsubjecttoanindividualscreening.ThescreeningcriteriaarebasedontherelevantAnnexIIIcriteria.

e. Does a screening or an EIA include an assessment of adjacent land use,e.g. spreading of manure and other cultivation practices?DK:Yes–aspartoftheenvironmentalpermitprocedureUK/England:Yes‐theentireaffectedareawouldbeidentifiedandsubjectoftheplanning(EIA)application.NL:Usuallynot.Itonlyhappensifahabitatassessmentisrequiredatthesametime.Germany:AscreeningandanEIAusuallyincludesmanuremanagementandmanurespreadingtoproveconformitywiththedemandsoftheFertilizerOrdinance(seeabove).

NotattilHusdyrreguleringsudvalget,9.november2010NL:No.LandusemayberegulatedthroughtheNatureConservationpermit(incaseofahabitatassessment).NB:WABO‐permitasof1October2010Germany:TheIPPC‐permitusuallyincludesprovisionsontheapplicationofmanurebyconditions,referringe.g.toprovideaminimumstoragecapacityof6months,toensureapplicationofmanureaccordingtogoodagriculturalpracticesandtheFertilizerOrdinanceonthelandthathasbeendocumentedintheapplicationdocumentsandtoprovideamanure‐spreadingcertification.

g. Will shifting of manure spreading areas require an EIA screening as anamendment to an Annex I or II project or as a separate project?DK:Yes–changesshouldbenotifiedtotheauthoritiesaccordingtotheActonenvironmentalpermitforlivestockinstallations.However,thisdoesnotapplytochangesatexistingfarmsthathavenotyetbeensubjecttoapermitaccordingtothenewAct.UK/England:Changesmayormaynotrequireanamendmenttotheplanningpermission.PossiblyanewEIAisneededifspreadinginsensitiveareas.SpreadingofmanureisnotinitselflistedasEIAdevelopment.SimilarrulesapplyinWales,ScotlandandNorthernIreland.NL:NoGermany:InprinciplechangesinmanurespreadingmayasachangeinthewastemanagementofaninstallationrequireanewEIA(andpermit)ifitiscapableofhavingsignificantadverseeffects.

NotattilHusdyrreguleringsudvalget,9.november2010UK/England:AnyplanorprojectlikelytohaveasignificanteffectonanSACmustbesubmittedtoNaturalEnglandforassessment.SimilarrulesapplyinWales,ScotlandandNorthernIreland.NL:Yes–moreanimalsornewbuildings/installationsrequireanassessmentifitmayhaveasignificanteffectonaprotectedsite.InpracticedepositionofNitrogencompoundsonprotectedareasaredecisive.Anyextradepositionmayhaveasignificanteffectinareaswherethedepositionisalreadymuchtoohighifnomeasuresaretakentocompensatetheincrease.Germany:Yes–newinstallations/projectsmayrequireanimpactassessment.Activitiesthatcomplywiththeprovisionsongoodagriculturalpracticesdonormallynotrequireanassessment.

b. Is livestock farming in any other way subject habitat assessment inaccordance with article 6(3) of the Habitats Directive, e.g. as part of an EIAscreening or process?DK:HabitatassessmentislinkedtorelevantpermitprocessesandmaythusbecombinedwithanEIAUK/England:Whereplanningpermission(EIA)isnecessarythehabitatassessmentwillinpracticebecarriedoutintandemwiththeassociatedEIA.NL:ThehabitatassessmentwillbeintegratedintotheEIAprocess.Germany:Habitatassessmentwillnormallybeperformedinconjunctionwitharelevantpermit(e.g.environmentalpermitandEIA).Ifnopermitisrequiredanotificationschemeapplies,cf.BNatSchG§34Abs.6.Theauthoritymayimposerestrictionsordismisstheprojectafternotification.Ifithasnotdecidedwithinaweekafterthenoticetheundertakermayproceedwithhisproject.

NotattilHusdyrreguleringsudvalget,9.november2010UK/England:Theassessmentrelatestoalloperationswithintherelevantplanorproject.However,itappearsthatspreadingofmanureisgenerallyassessedaccordingtothegeneralrules,e.g.theNitratePollutionPrevention(Wales)Regulations2008andtheWaterEnvironment(DiffusePollution)(Scotland)Regulations2008andnotsubjecttofurtherassessment.NL:Theassessmentprimarilyfocusesonthephysicalinstallations.Manurespreadingisnormallynotasignificanttopicbecausemanurespreadinginprotectedareasisgenerallyforbidden.Inadditionmanurespreadingissubjecttogeneralrules.Otheraspectsareassessed,e.g.dredging,mowing,changeofuseetc.Germany:Ahabitatassessmentwillcoverthephysicalinstallation,includingtheorderlywastemanagement.IfthereareNatura2000‐sitesamongtheareaslistedinamanuremanagementconceptasareasformanureapplication,thentherequirementsofthemanagementplansofeachsitehavetoberespected.

d. Do the relevant authorities in your member state issue specific habitatpermits or is the habitat permit included in other permits as the IPPC-permitor EIA-permit?DK:Nospecifichabitatpermitexists.Habitatassessmentislinkedtootherpermitrequirements,e.g.environmentalpermit,oraspecificnotificationschemeforprojectsnotrequiringapermit.UK/England:Submissionto(andpriorconsentfrom)NaturalEnglandinpracticewillbepartoftheprocessofobtainingplanningpermissionorapprovalundertheEIARegulations.HabitatassessmentisalsolinkedtothepermitproceduresinWales,ScotlandandNorthernIreland.NL:Yes–atthemoment.However,from1October2010theWABO‐permit(“omgevingsvergunning”)willintegrateseveralpermits.Germany:ProjectsthatdonototherwiseneedapermitaresubjecttonotificationrequirementsofBNatSchG§34Abs.6.Theauthoritiesmayimposerestrictionsordismisstheproject.Iftheauthoritydoesnotreplywithinaweektheundertakermayproceedwithhisproject.11

4. Nitrates Directivea. Is compliance with the requirements of the Nitrates Directive, e.g.maximum 170 kg N/ha controlled in the permit procedure for livestock farms?DK:Yes–the“harmony”‐requirementsarecontrolledinapermitprocedureandapermitmayrestrictthemax.kgN/harequirementfurtherdependinguponthesensitivityoftheareas.UK/England:No‐implementationoftheNitratesDirectiveisdealtwithinseparateregulationsandisnotpartoftheenvironmentalpermittingprocedureorEIAregimeapplicabletolivestockfarms.NL:No–thereareseparaterulestransposingtheNitratesDirectivethroughgenerallegislationmainlyintheFertilizerAct.However,storagecapacityisregulatedinageneralruleonthebasisoftheEMA.NB:NLlegislationappliesaconceptof“animal‐rights”–tokeepanimalsyoumustdocumentthatyoucangetridofthemanureinanenvironmentallysoundway.Germany:ItisregulatedandcontrolledundertheFertilizerOrdinance,butprovingcompliancewiththeappropriateprovisionsispartofthepermitprocedure,e.g.byprovingastoragecapacityof6monthsormoreandestablishingamanuremanagementconcepttakingthemaximumthresholdoftheNitratesDirectiveorothermaximumlevelsestablishedatnationallevelintoaccount.

NotattilHusdyrreguleringsudvalget,9.november2010NL:NoGermany:Inordertoavoidandtoreducenutrientlosseslivestockinstallationsmustcomplyi.a.withrequirementsaccordingtothe“TechnicalInstructionsonAirQualityControl”(TechnischeAnleitungzurReinhaltungderLuft‐TALuft)(No.5.4.7.1TALuft).4Thereissupplementarylegislationinplaceforthestoringof(liquid)manureattheState(“Länder”)levelforalllivestockinstallationsaimingtheprotectionofgroundandsurfacewater.BecauseofamendmentstotheGermanConstitution(“Grundgesetz”)thesestatelawswillsoonbereplacedbyafederallaw.

c. Is it required to obtain a permit in order to spread manure from livestockfarming in your member state e.g. on crops or is this activity in any other waysubject to any kind of pre-approval?DK:No–butsignificantchangesinspreadingofmanureinNatura2000areasaresubjecttoanotificationschemeaccordingtotheNatureProtectionAct.UK/England:No–notundertheNitratesDirective,butitcouldbepartofanotherpermitprocedure.NL:No–spreadingofmanureisregulatedbygeneralruleswiththeexceptionofspreadingaffectinghabitatareas.Germany:No–nopermitprocedureisnecessaryifmanurespreadingisinaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheFertilizerOrdinanceorthespecificmanagementplansinNatura2000‐areas.

storingandtransfillingofliquidmanuremustbeconstructedaccordingtospecialprovisionssothattheyaretightandwater‐impermeable,3)Liquidmanurestoragesmustbecovered,4)Thestoragecapacityforliquidmanuretouseasfertilizerforownpurposesshallbedimensionedinawaythatitissufficientforatleast6months,plusasupplementforgeneratedprecipitationwaterandcleaningwater,5)Forliquidmanure,whichispassedontothirdpartiesforfurtheruse,correctstorageandapplicationshallbesecuredbycontract.