The Conference of the PartiesRecallingits decision IX/9, in which it requested the Working Group on Review ofImplementation, at its third meeting, to prepare, for consideration and adoption by the Conference of theParties at its tenth meeting, a revised and updated Strategic Plan including a revised biodiversity target,Welcomingthe submissions by Parties and observers providing views on the updating andrevision of the Strategic Plan and the various consultations that have been convened by Parties, theSecretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, the United Nations Environment Programme, theInternational Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Countdown 2010, and other partners, includingregional consultations, the Informal Expert Workshop on the Updating of the Strategic Plan of theConvention for the Post-2010 Period held in London from 18 to 20 January 2010 and the sixth UnitedNations/Norway Trondheim Conference on Biodiversity, held in Trondheim, Norway, from 1 to 5February 2010,Expressing its gratitudeto the Governments of Belgium, Brazil, Egypt, Ethiopia, Germany,Greece, Ireland, Japan, Kenya, Norway, Panama, Peru, Sweden, and the United Kingdom for hostingthese consultations, as well as for their financial contributions,Welcomingalso the participation of various bodies of the United Nations system, convenedthrough the Environmental Management Group, and of the scientific community, convened throughDIVERSITAS, the Inter-Academy Panel of the National Academies of Science and other channels,Recognizingthat the Strategic Plan for the period 2011-2020 of the Convention on BiologicalDiversity represents a useful flexible framework that is relevant to all biodiversity-related conventions,Noting with concernthe conclusions of the third edition of the Global Biodiversity Outlook,which confirm that the 2010 biodiversity target has not been met in full, assesses the obstacles that haveprevented the target from being met, analyses future scenarios for biodiversity and reviews possibleactions that might be taken to reduce future loss,Welcoming alsothe reports of the study on The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity,Adoptsthe Strategic Plan of the Convention for the period 2011-2020, annexed to the1.present decision;*This is an advanced unedited text reflecting the decision as adopted on the basis of document

ADVANCE UNEDITED TEXTPage 2Takes noteof the provisional technical rationale, possible indicators and suggested2.milestones for each target of the Strategic Plan contained in the note by the Executive Secretary on therevised and updated Strategic Plan: technical and suggested milestones and indicators(UNEP/CBD/COP/10/9);UrgesParties and other Governments, with the support of intergovernmental and other3.organizations, as appropriate, to implement the Strategic Plan and in particular to:(a)Enable participation at all levels to foster the full and effective contributions of women,indigenous and local communities, civil-society organizations, the private sector and stakeholders from allother sectors in the full implementation of the objectives of the Convention and the Strategic Plan for theperiod 2011-2020;(b)Develop national and regional targets, using the Strategic Plan as a flexible framework, inaccordance with national priorities and capacities and taking into account both the global targets and thestatus and trends of biological diversity in the country, and the resources provided through the resourcemobilization strategy, with a view to contributing to collective global efforts to reach the global targets,and report thereon to the Conference of the Parties at its eleventh meeting;(c)Review, and as appropriate update and revise, their national biodiversity strategies andaction plans, in line with the Strategic Plan and the guidance adopted in decision IX/9, including byintegrating their national targets into their national biodiversity strategies and action plans, adopted as apolicy instrument, and report thereon to the Conference of the Parties at its eleventh or twelfth meeting;(d)Use the revised and updated national biodiversity strategies and action plans as effectiveinstruments for the integration of biodiversity targets into national development and poverty reductionpolicies and strategies, national accounting, as appropriate, economic sectors and spatial planningprocesses, by Government and the private sector at all levels;(e)Monitor and review the implementation of their national biodiversity strategies andaction plans in accordance with the Strategic Plan and their national targets making use of the set ofindicators developed for the Strategic Plan as a flexible framework and to report to the Conference of theParties through their fifth and sixth national reports and any other means to be decided by the Conferenceof the Parties;(f)Support the updating of national biodiversity strategies and action plans as effectiveinstruments to promote the implementation of the Strategic Plan and mainstreaming of biodiversity at thenational level, taking into account synergies among the biodiversity-related conventions in a mannerconsistent with their respective mandates;Promotethe generation and use of scientific information, develop methodologies and4.initiatives to monitor status and trends of biodiversity and ecosystem services, share data, developindicators and measures, undertake regular and timely assessments, to underpin the proposed new IPBESand an effective Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice in order tostrengthen the science policy interface and in so doing enhance the implementation of the Strategic Plan;InvitesParties to take note of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous5.Peoples in the implementation of the Strategic Plan, as appropriate, and in accordance with nationallegislation;Urgesregional organizations to consider the development or updating of regional6.biodiversity strategies, as appropriate, including agreeing on regional targets, as a means ofcomplementing and supporting national actions and of contributing to the implementation of the StrategicPlan;Emphasizesthe need for capacity-building activities and the effective sharing of7.knowledge, consistent with decisions VIII/8, IX/8 and other relevant decisions of the Conference of the/…

ADVANCE UNEDITED TEXTPage 3Parties, in order to support all countries, especially developing countries, in particular the least developedcountries, small island developing States, and the most environmentally vulnerable countries, as well ascountries with economies in transition, and indigenous and local communities, in the implementation ofthe Strategic Plan;Emphasizingthat increased knowledge on biodiversity and ecosystem services and its8.application is an important tool for communicating and mainstreaming biodiversity,invitesParties andother Governments to make use of the findings of the study on The Economics of Ecosystems andBiodiversity and other relevant studies, to make the case for investment for biodiversity and ecosystemservices and to strengthen policy commitment to biodiversity at the highest level;Recallsdecision IX/8, which called for gender mainstreaming in national biodiversity9.strategies and action plans, and decision IX/24, in which the Conference of the Parties approved thegender plan of action for the Convention, which among other things,requestsParties to mainstream agender perspective into the implementation of the Convention and promote gender equality in achievingits three objectives, and requests Parties to mainstream gender considerations, where appropriate, in theimplementation of the Strategic Plan and its associated goals, targets and indicators.10.Recallingits “Four-year framework of programme priorities related to utilization of GEFresources for biodiversity for the period from 2010 to 2014” proposed in decision IX/31 andnotingthatobjective 5 of the GEF-5 Biodiversity Focal Area Strategy is to “Integrate CBD obligations into nationalplanning processes through enabling activities”,requeststhe Global Environment Facility to providesupport to eligible Parties in a expeditious manner, for revising their national biodiversity strategies andaction plans in line with the Strategic Plan;UrgesParties, in particular developed country Parties, and invites other Governments11.and international financial institutions, regional development banks, and other multilateral financialinstitutions to provide adequate, predictable and timely financial support to developing country Parties, inparticular the least developing countries and small island developing States, and the most environmentallyvulnerable countries, as well as countries with economies in transition, to enable the full implementationof the updated Strategic Plan and reiterate that the extent to which developing country Parties willeffectively implement their commitments under this Convention will depend on the effectiveimplementation by developed country Parties of their commitments under this Convention related tofinancial resources and transfer of technology;Requeststhe Global Environment Facility, to provide adequate, timely and predictable12.financial support to eligible countries to enable the implementation of the updated Strategic Plan;Recallingits strategy for resource mobilization in support of the achievement of the three13.objectives of the Convention (decision IX/11 B, annex), invites Parties and relevant organizations,including members of the United Nations Development Group, the World Bank, regional developmentbanks and other relevant international and regional bodies, together with non-governmental organizationsand business sector entities to make available the necessary resources for the implementation of theStrategic Plan, especially by developing countries, in particular the least developed countries and smallisland developing States, and countries with economies in transition;Decidesthat the fourth edition of the Global Biodiversity Outlook shall be prepared to14.provide a mid-term review of progress towards the 2020 targets, including an analysis of how theimplementation of the Convention and its Strategic Plan has contributed to the 2015 targets of theMillennium Development Goals;Recallingthat the role of the Conference of the Parties is to keep the implementation of15.the Convention under review,decidesthat future meetings of the Conference of the Parties shall reviewprogress in the implementation of the Strategic Plan, share experiences relevant for implementation andprovide guidance on means to address obstacles encountered;/…

ADVANCE UNEDITED TEXTPage 4Decidesto consider at its eleventh meeting the need for and possible development of16.additional mechanisms or enhancements to existing mechanisms such as the Subsidiary Body onScientific, Technical and Technological Advice and the Ad Hoc Open-ended Working Group on Reviewof Implementation of the Convention to enable Parties to meet their commitments under the Conventionand the implementation of the Strategic Plan;17.Invites:(a)Parties and other Governments at the forthcoming meetings of the decision-makingbodies of biodiversity-related conventions1and other relevant agreements to consider appropriatecontributions to the collaborative implementation of the Strategic Plan for the period 2011-2020;(b)The United Nations Environment Programme, in particular its regional offices, and theUnited Nations Development Programme and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UnitedNations, working at the country level, to facilitate activities to support the implementation of theConvention and the Strategic Plan, in cooperation with other relevant implementation agencies;(c)The United Nations Environment Programme, the International Union for Conservationof Nature, as well as other relevant organizations to further develop, maintain and actively make use ofthe TEMATEA issue-based modules to enhance coherent implementation of biodiversity-relatedconventions and agreements;(d)The Environment Management Group, in building on its report to the tenth meeting ofthe Conference of the Parties, to identify measures for effective and efficient implementation the StrategicPlan across the United Nations system and provide a report on its work to the Conference of the Parties atits eleventh meeting through the Working Group on Reviw of Implementation and the Subsidiary Bodyon Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice;(e)The United Nations General Assembly to consider for adoption relevant elements of theCBD Strategic Plan for the period 2011-2020 as integral elements in the Millennium Development Goals,in particular Millennium Development Goal 7 on ensuring environmental sustainability;18.Requeststhe Executive Secretary:

(a)To promote and facilitate in partnership with relevant international organizations,including indigenous and local community organizations, activities to strengthen capacity for theimplementation of the Strategic Plan, including through regional and/or subregional workshops onupdating and revising national biodiversity strategies and action plans, the mainstreaming of biodiversityand the enhancement of the clearing-house mechanism and the mobilization of resources;(b)To prepare an analysis/synthesis of national regional and other actions, including targetsas appropriate, established in accordance with the Strategic Plan to enable the Working Group on Reviewof Implementation of the Convention at its fourth meeting, and the Conference of Parties at its eleventhand subsequent session of the meetings to assess the contribution of such national and regional targetstowards the global targets;(c)To develop options for the further enhancement of implementation of the Convention,including through the further development of capacity-building programmes, partnerships and thestrengthening of synergies among Conventions and other international processes, for consideration by theWorking Group on Review of Implementation of the Convention at its fourth meeting;(d)To prepare a plan, to be considered by the Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical andTechnological Advice prior to the eleventh meeting of the Conference of the Parties, for the preparationRamsar Convention on Wetlands, the World Heritage Convention, the Convention on International Trade in EndangeredSpecies of Wild Fauna and Flora, the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species and the International Treaty on PlantGenetic Resources.1

ADVANCE UNEDITED TEXTPage 5of the fourth edition of the Global Biodiversity Outlook on the basis of the fifth national reports, use ofheadline global biodiversity indicators and other relevant information;(e)Building on the results of The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB) studyand other processes, to cooperate with relevant organizations such as the United Nations EnvironmentProgramme, the United Nations Development Programme, the World Bank, and the Organisation forEconomic Co-operation and Development, with the aim of: (i) further developing the economic aspectsrelated to ecosystem services and biodiversity; (ii) developing implementation tools for the integration ofeconomic aspects of biodiversity and ecosystem services; and (iii) facilitating implementation andcapacity-building for such tools;(f)Through capacity-building workshops, to support countries in making use of the findingsof the TEEB study and in integrating the values of biodiversity into relevant national and local policies,programmes and planning processes;(g)To further develop, in preparation for the consideration of this issue by the SubsidiaryBody on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice at its fifteenth meeting, and the fourth meetingof the Working Group on Review of Implementation, the technical rationales and suggested milestonesfor the targets in the note by the Executive Secretary on revised and updated strategic plan: technicalrationale and suggested milestones and indicators (UNEP/CBD/COP/10/9) and taking into accountcomments made at the tenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties.2

ADVANCE UNEDITED TEXTPage 6AnnexSTRATEGIC PLAN FOR BIODIVERSITY FOR THE PERIOD 2011-2020

3

“Livingin harmony with nature”1.The purpose of the Strategic Plan for the period 2011-2020 is to promote effectiveimplementation of the Convention through a strategic approach comprising a shared vision, a mission,strategic goals and targets that will inspire broad-based action by all Parties and stakeholders. It will alsoprovide a flexible framework for the establishment of national and regional targets and for enhancingcoherence in the implementation of the provisions of the Convention and the decisions of the Conferenceof the Parties, including the programmes of work and the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation as wellas international regime on access and benefit-sharing.4It will also serve as the basis for the developmentof communication tools capable of attracting the attention of and engaging stakeholders, therebyfacilitating the mainstreaming of biodiversity into broader national and global agendas. A separateStrategic Plan has been adopted for the Biosafety Protocol that will complement the present one for theConvention.2.The text of the Convention, and in particular its three objectives, provide the fundamental basisfor the Strategic Plan.I.THE RATIONALE FOR THE PLAN53.Biological diversity underpins ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem servicesessential for human well-being. It provides for food security, human health, the provision of clean air andwater; it contributes to local livelihoods, and economic development, and is essential for the achievementof the Millennium Development Goals, including poverty reduction.4.The Convention on Biological Diversity has three objectives: the conservation of biologicaldiversity; the sustainable use of its components; and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising outof the utilization of genetic resources. In the Convention’s first Strategic Plan, adopted in 2002, theParties committed themselves “to a more effective and coherent implementation of the three objectives ofthe Convention, to achieve by 2010 a significant reduction of the current rate of biodiversity loss at theglobal, regional and national level as a contribution to poverty alleviation and to the benefit of all life onEarth.” The third edition of the Global Biodiversity Outlook (GBO-3), drawing upon national reports,indicators and research studies, assesses progress towards the 2010 target, and provides scenarios for thefuture of biodiversity.5.The 2010 biodiversity target has inspired action at many levels. However, such actions have notbeen on a scale sufficient to address the pressures on biodiversity. Moreover there has been insufficientintegration of biodiversity issues into broader policies, strategies, programmes and actions, and thereforethe underlying drivers of biodiversity loss have not been significantly reduced. While there is now someunderstanding of the linkages between biodiversity, ecosystem services and human well-being, the valueof biodiversity is still not reflected in broader policies and incentive structures.6.Most Parties identify a lack of financial, human and technical resources as limiting theirimplementation of the Convention. Technology transfer under the Convention has been very limited.Insufficient scientific information for policy and decision making is a further obstacle for the

ADVANCE UNEDITED TEXTPage 7implementation of the Convention. However, scientific uncertainty should not be used as an excuse forinaction.7.The 2010 biodiversity target has not been achieved, at least not at the global level. The diversityof genes, species and ecosystems continues to decline, as the pressures on biodiversity remain constant orincrease in intensity mainly as a result of human actions.8.Scientific consensus projects a continuing loss of habitats and high rates of extinctions throughoutthis century if current trends persist, with the risk of drastic consequences to human societies as severalthresholds or “tipping points” are crossed. Unless urgent action is taken to reverse current trends, a widerange of services derived from ecosystems, underpinned by biodiversity, could rapidly be lost. While theharshest impacts will fall on the poor, thereby undermining efforts to achieve the MillenniumDevelopment Goals, no-one will be immune from the impacts of the loss of biodiversity.9.On the other hand, scenario analysis reveals a wide range of options for addressing the crisis.Determined action to value and protect biodiversity diversity will benefit people in many ways, includingthrough better health, greater food security and less poverty. It will also help to slow climate change byenabling ecosystems to store and absorb more carbon; and it will help people adapt to climate change byadding resilience to ecosystems and making them less vulnerable. Better protection of biodiversity istherefore a prudent and cost-effective investment in risk reduction for the global community.10.Achieving this positive outcome requires actions at multiple entry points, which are reflected inthe goals of this Strategic Plan. These include:Initiating action to address the underlying causes of biodiversity loss,including(a)production and consumption patterns, by ensuring that biodiversity concerns are mainstreamedthroughout government and society, through communication, education and awareness, appropriateincentive measures, and institutional change;(b)Taking action now to decrease the direct pressures on biodiversity.Engagement of theagricultural, forest, fisheries, tourism, energy and other sectors will be essential to success. Wheretrade-offs between biodiversity protection and other social objectives exist, they can often be minimizedby using approaches such as spatial planning and efficiency measures. Where multiple pressures arethreatening vital ecosystems and their services, urgent action is needed to decrease those pressures mostamenable to short-term relief, such as over-exploitation or pollution, so as to prevent more intractablepressures, in particular climate change, from pushing the system “over the edge” to a degraded state;(c)Continuing direct action to safeguard and, where necessary, restore biodiversity andecosystem services.While longer-term actions to reduce the underlying causes of biodiversity are takingeffect, immediate action can help conserve biodiversity, including in critical ecosystems, by means ofprotected areas, habitat restoration, species-recovery programmes and other targeted conservationinterventions;Efforts to ensure the continued provision of ecosystem services and to ensure access to(d)these services, especially for the poor who most directly depend on them.Maintenance and restoration ofecosystems generally provide cost-effective ways to address climate change. Therefore, although climatechange is an additional major threat to biodiversity, addressing this threat opens up a number ofopportunities for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use;(e)Enhanced support mechanisms for: capacity-building; the generation, use and sharing ofknowledge; and access to the necessary financial and other resources.National planning processes needto become more effective in mainstreaming biodiversity and in highlighting its relevance for social andeconomic agendas. Convention bodies need to become more effective in reviewing implementation andproviding support and guidance to Parties.

11.The vision of this Strategic Plan is a world of “Livingin harmony with nature”where“By 2050,biodiversity is valued, conserved, restored and wisely used, maintaining ecosystem services, sustaininga healthy planet and delivering benefits essential for all people.”III.THE MISSION OF THE STRATEGIC PLANTake effective and urgent action to halt the loss of biodiversity in order to ensure that by 2020 ecosystemsare resilient and continue to provide essential services, thereby securing the planet’s variety of life, andcontributing to human well-being, and poverty eradication;To ensure this, pressures on biodiversity are reduced, ecosystems are restored, biological resources aresustainably used and benefits arising out of utilization of genetic resources are shared in a fair andequitable manner; adequate financial resources are provided, capacities are enhanced, biodiversity issuesand values mainstreamed, appropriate policies are effectively implemented, and decision-making is basedon sound science and the precautionary approach.IV.STRATEGIC GOALS AND THE 2020 HEADLINE TARGETS12.The Strategic Plan includes 20 headline targets for 2020, organized under five strategic goals. Thegoals and targets comprise both: (i) aspirations for achievement at the global level; and (ii) a flexibleframework for the establishment of national or regional targets. Parties are invited to set their own targetswithin this flexible framework, taking into account national needs and priorities, while also bearing inmind national contributions to the achievement of the global targets. Not all countries necessarily need todevelop a national target for each and every global target. For some countries, the global threshold setthrough certain targets may already have been achieved. Others targets may not be relevant in the countrycontext.Strategic goal A. Address the underlying causes of biodiversity loss by mainstreaming biodiversityacross government and societyTarget 1:By 2020, at the latest, people are aware of the values of biodiversity and the steps they can taketo conserve and use it sustainably.Target 2:By 2020, at the latest, biodiversity values have been integrated into national and localdevelopment and poverty reduction strategies and planning processes and are being incorporated intonational accounting, as appropriate, and reporting systems.Target 3:By 2020, at the latest, incentives, including subsidies, harmful to biodiversity are eliminated,phased out or reformed in order to minimize or avoid negative impacts, and positive incentives for theconservation and sustainable use of biodiversity are developed and applied, consistent and in harmonywith the Convention and other relevant international obligations, taking into account nationalsocio-economic conditions.Target 4:By 2020, at the latest, Governments, business and stakeholders at all levels have taken steps toachieve or have implemented plans for sustainable production and consumption and have kept the impactsof use of natural resources well within safe ecological limits.Strategic goal B. Reduce the direct pressures on biodiversity and promote sustainable useTarget 5:By 2020, the rate of loss of all natural habitats, including forests, is at least halved and wherefeasible brought close to zero, and degradation and fragmentation is significantly reduced.Target 6:By 2020 all fish and invertebrate stocks and aquatic plants are managed and harvestedsustainably, legally and applying ecosystem based approaches, so that overfishing is avoided, recoveryplans and measures are in place for all depleted species, fisheries have no significant adverse impacts on

ADVANCE UNEDITED TEXTPage 9threatened species and vulnerable ecosystems and the impacts of fisheries on stocks, species andecosystems are within safe ecological limits.Target 7:By 2020 areas under agriculture, aquaculture and forestry are managed sustainably, ensuringconservation of biodiversity.Target 8:By 2020, pollution, including from excess nutrients, has been brought to levels that are notdetrimental to ecosystem function and biodiversity.Target 9:By 2020, invasive alien species and pathways are identified and prioritized, priority species arecontrolled or eradicated, and measures are in place to manage pathways to prevent their introduction andestablishment.Target 10:By 2015, the multiple anthropogenic pressures on coral reefs, and other vulnerableecosystems impacted by climate change or ocean acidification are minimized, so as to maintain theirintegrity and functioning.Strategic goal C: To improve the status of biodiversity by safeguarding ecosystems, species and geneticdiversityTarget 11:By 2020, at least 17 per cent of terrestrial and inland water, and 10 per cent of coastal andmarine areas, especially areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem services, areconserved through effectively and equitably managed, ecologically representative and well connectedsystems of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures, and integrated into thewider landscape and seascapes.Target 12:By 2020 the extinction of known threatened species has been prevented and theirconservation status, particularly of those most in decline, has been improved and sustained.Target 13:By 2020, the genetic diversity of cultivated plants and farmed and domesticated animals andof wild relatives, including other socio-economically as well as culturally valuable species, is maintained,and strategies have been developed and implemented for minimizing genetic erosion and safeguardingtheir genetic diversity.Strategic goal D: Enhance the benefits to all from biodiversity and ecosystem services.Target 14:By 2020, ecosystems that provide essential services, including services related to water, andcontribute to health, livelihoods and well-being, are restored and safeguarded, taking into account theneeds of women, indigenous and local communities, and the poor and vulnerable.Target 15:By 2020, ecosystem resilience and the contribution of biodiversity to carbon stocks has beenenhanced, through conservation and restoration, including restoration of at least 15 per cent of degradedecosystems, thereby contributing to climate change mitigation and adaptation and to combatingdesertification.Target 16:By 2015, the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and EquitableSharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization is in force and operational, consistent with nationallegislation.Strategic goal E. Enhance implementation through participatory planning, knowledge managementand capacity buildingTarget 17:By 2015 each Party has developed, adopted as a policy instrument, and has commencedimplementing an effective, participatory and updated national biodiversity strategy and action plan.Target 18:By 2020, the traditional knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and localcommunities relevant for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, and their customary use ofbiological resources, are respected, subject to national legislation and relevant international obligations,/…

ADVANCE UNEDITED TEXTPage 10and fully integrated and reflected in the implementation of the Convention with the full and effectiveparticipation of indigenous and local communities, at all relevant levelsTarget 19:By 2020, knowledge, the science base and technologies relating to biodiversity, its values,functioning, status and trends, and the consequences of its loss, are improved, widely shared andtransferred,6and applied.Target 20:By 2020, at the latest, the mobilization of financial resources for effectively implementing theStrategic Plan 2011-2020 from all sources and in accordance with the consolidated and agreed process inthe Strategy for Resource Mobilization should increase substantially from the current levels. This targetwill be subject to changes contingent to resources needs assessments to be developed and reported byParties.V.IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING, REVIEW AND EVALUATION

13.Means for implementation.The Strategic Plan will be implemented primarily through activitiesat the national or subnational level, with supporting action at the regional and global levels. The means ofimplementation for this Strategic Plan will include provision of financial resources in accordance withrespective obligations under the Convention taking into account Article 20 of the Convention. TheStrategic Plan provides a flexible framework for the establishment of national and regional targets.national biodiversity strategies and action plans are key instruments for translating the Strategic Plan tonational circumstances, including through the national targets, and for integrating biodiversity across allsectors of government and society. The participation of all relevant stakeholders should be promoted andfacilitated at all levels of implementation. Initiatives and activities of indigenous and local communities,contributing the implementation of the Strategic Plan at the local level should be supported andencouraged. The means for implementation may vary from country to country, according to nationalneeds and circumstances. Nonetheless, countries should learn from each other when determiningappropriate means for implementation. It is in this spirit that examples of the possible means forimplementation are provided in the note by the Executive Secretary on the revised and updated StrategicPlan: technical rationale and suggestion for milestones and indicators.7It is envisaged thatimplementation will be further supported by the international regime on access and benefit sharing whichwill facilitate the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the use of genetic resources.814.The programmes of work.The thematic programmes of work of the Convention include:biodiversity of inland waters, marine and coastal biodiversity, agricultural biodiversity, forestbiodiversity, biodiversity of dry and sub-humid lands, mountain biodiversity, and island biodiversity.Together with the various cross-cutting issues,9they provide detailed guidance, on implementation of theStrategic Plan, and could also contribute to development and poverty reduction. They are key tools to beconsidered in the updating of national biodiversity strategies and action plans.Broadening political supportfor this Strategic Plan and the objectives of the Convention is15.necessary, for example, by working to ensure that Heads of State and Government and theparliamentarians of all Parties understand the value of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Parties to theConvention should be encouraged to establish national biodiversity targets that support the achievementof the Strategic Plan and its global targets and outline the measures and activities that will achieve this,such as the development of comprehensive national accounting, as appropriate, that integrates the valuesof biodiversity and ecosystem services into government decision-making with the full and effectiveparticipation of indigenous and local communities and other stakeholders.678

ADVANCE UNEDITED TEXTPage 11Partnershipsat all levels are required for effective implementation of the Strategic Plan, to16.leverage actions at the scale necessary, to garner the ownership necessary to ensure mainstreaming ofbiodiversity across sectors of government, society and the economy and to find synergies with nationalimplementation of multilateral environmental agreements. Partnerships with the programmes, funds andspecialized agencies of the United Nations system, as well as other conventions and multilateral andbilateral agencies, foundations, women, indigenous and local communities, and non-governmentalorganizations, will be essential to support implementation of the Strategic Plan at the national level. Atthe international level, this requires partnerships between the Convention and other conventions,international organizations and processes, civil society and the private sector. In particular, efforts will beneeded to:(a)Ensure that the Convention, through its new Strategic Plan, contributes to sustainabledevelopment and the elimination of poverty, and the other Millennium Development Goals;(b)Ensure cooperation to achieve implementation of the Plan in different sectors;(c)Promote biodiversity-friendly practice by business; and(d)Promote synergy and coherence in the implementation of the multilateral environmental10agreements.17.Reporting by Parties.Parties will inform the Conference of the Parties of the national targets orcommitments and policy instruments they adopt to implement the Strategic Plan, as well as anymilestones towards these targets, and report on progress towards these targets and milestones, includingthrough their fifth and sixth national reports. Suggested milestones, as well as suggested indicators, areare to be developed in accordance with the processes laid out in paragraphs 3(b) and 3(e) and 14 (g)above, and decision X/xx .11Parliamentarians by responding to the needs and expectations of citizens on aregular basis should play a role in reviewing the implementation of the Convention at the national andsubnational levels, as appropriate, to help governments produce a more comprehensive review.Review by the Conference of the Parties.The Conference of the Parties, with the support of18.other Convention bodies, in particular the Working Group on Review of Implementation, will keep underreview implementation of this Strategic Plan, and support effective implementation by Parties ensuringthat new guidance is informed by the experience of Parties in implementing the Convention, in line withthe principle of adaptive management through active learning. The Conference of the Parties will reviewthe progress towards, the global targets as set out in the Strategic Plan and make recommendations toovercome any obstacles encountered in meeting those targets, including revising the annex ofdecision X/--12and measures contained therein, and, as appropriate, to strengthen the mechanisms tosupport implementation, monitoring and review. To facilitate this work, SBSTTA should develop acommon set of biodiversity metrics to be used to assess the status of biodiversity and its values.VI.SUPPORT MECHANISMS

19.Capacity-building for effective national action:Many Parties, especially the developingcountries, in particular the least developed countries and small island developing States among them, andcountries with economies in transition, and the most environmentally vulnerable countries, may requiresupport for the development of national targets and their integration into national biodiversity strategiesand action plans, revised and updated in line with this Strategic Plan and guidance from the Conference ofthe Parties (decision IX/8). Global and regional capacity-building programmes could provide technicalsupport and facilitate peer-to-peer exchange, complementing national activities supported by the financialThe TEMETEA modules for the coherence implementation of multilateral environmental agreements and related instrumentsmay be a useful tool to support this.11Examination of the outcome-oriented goals and targets (and associated indicators and consideration of their possibleadjustmment for the period beyond 2010 (UNEP/CBD/COP/10/WG.2/CRP.15).1210

ADVANCE UNEDITED TEXTPage 12mechanism in line with the four-year framework of programme priorities related to utilization of GEFresources for biodiversity for the period from 2010 to 2014 (decision IX/31). Capacity-building on gendermainstreaming, in accordance with the Convention’s gender plan of action and for indigenous and localcommunities concerning the implementation at the national and subnational levels should be supported.20.The Strategic Plan will be implemented through the programmes of work of the Convention onBiological Diversity, implementation of national biodiversity strategies and action plans, and othernational, regional and international activities.Clearing-house mechanism and technology transfer:Collectively those involved in21.implementing the Convention have a wealth of experience and have developed many useful good practicecases, tools and guidance. There is additional useful information beyond this community. A biodiversityknowledge network will be developed including a database and network of practitioners, to bring togetherthis knowledge and experience and to make it available through the clearing-house mechanism tofacilitate and support enhanced implementation of the Convention.13National clearing-house mechanismnodes comprising networks of experts with effective websites should be developed and sustained so thatin each Party, all have access to the information, expertise and experience required to implement theConvention. National clearing house mechanism nodes should also be linked to the central clearing-housemechanism managed by the Convention Secretariat, and information exchange between these should befacilitated.Financial resources:The resource mobilization strategy including the proposed concrete22.initiatives, targets/indicators to be developed, and processes for developing innovative mechanisms,provides a roadmap for achieving the effective implementation of Article 20, paragraphs 2 and 4, of theConvention, in order to provide adequate, predictable and timely new and additional financial resources,in support of the implementation of this Strategic Plan.1423.Partnerships and initiatives to enhance cooperation.Cooperation will be enhanced with theprogrammes, funds and specialized agencies of the United Nations system as well as conventions andother multilateral and bilateral agencies, foundations and non-governmental organizations15andindigenous and local communities, to support implementation of the Strategic Plan at the national level.Cooperation will also be enhanced with relevant regional bodies to promote regional biodiversitystrategies and the integration of biodiversity into broader initiatives. Initiatives of the Convention such asSouth-South Cooperation,16promoting engagement of subnational governments, cities and localauthorities,17and business and biodiversity18and promoting the engagement of parliamentarians,including through inter-parliamentary dialogues will contribute to the implementation of the StrategicPlan.Support mechanisms for research, monitoring and assessment.The following are key24.elements to ensure effective implementation of the Strategic Plan:

ADVANCE UNEDITED TEXTPage 13(a)Global monitoring of biodiversity: work is needed to monitor the status and trends ofbiodiversity, maintain and share data, and develop and use indicators and agreed measures of biodiversityand ecosystem change;19(b)Regular assessment of the state of biodiversity and ecosystem services, future scenariosand effectiveness of responses: this could be provided through an enhanced role for the Subsidiary Bodyon Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice as well as the proposed intergovernmental platform onbiodiversity and ecosystem services;(c)Ongoing research on biodiversity and ecosystem function and services and theirrelationship to human well-being;20(d)The contributions of knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and localcommunities relevant to the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity to all the above;(e)Capacity-building and timely, adequate, predictable and sustainable financial andtechnical resources.-----