Trafikudvalget 2010-11 (1. samling)
TRU Alm.del Bilag 9
Offentligt
AxelKuehn
InformationLeafletStudytourMulhouse·FreiburgOctober2010
Client:MidttrafikContractor:AxelKuehnKarlstraße12776137KarlsruheGermanyTel:0049·721·3525267Fax:0049·721·3525785E·[email protected]
AxelKuehn
ContentsGeneralintroduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 3Mulhouse...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4Historyandgeography ......................................................................................................................................................................... 4PublicTransportandRegionalPlanningOrganisation ......................................................................................................................... 5TramTrainBackground ........................................................................................................................................................................ 8Concept’ssuccess ............................................................................................................................................................................. 15Criticalremarks–ifany...................................................................................................................................................................... 15Links ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 15Freiburg...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 16Historyandgeography ....................................................................................................................................................................... 16PublicTransportandRegionalPlanningOrganisation ....................................................................................................................... 17Links ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 25
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InformationLeaflet:Mulhouse·Freiburg
GeneralintroductionThetwocitiesMulhouseandFreiburgwillbedestinationsforapoliticalstudy·tourofMidttrafikandthemunicipalitiesinvolvedfromOctoberth24 ·26th.
Themaintopicofthestudy·tourwillbemoderntramways,theproperintegrationoftramway/lightrailcorridorsinthebuilt·upenvironmentandthelinkingofland·useandpublictransportplanningbutMulhousewillalsopresenttheTramTrainfeatureandthecombinationofanurbantramwaywitharegionalTramTrainservice.
Mulhousehastobeseenasa representativeofthemodernFrenchtramway.
Freiburg is internationally acknowledged as a model·case and best practice for the integrated planning of land·use and public transport ormoregenerallyahighqualitymobilityanddemandmanagement.Theinformationleafletpresentedheredescribesthetwocitiesandsystemsbroadlyandhintstoadditionalwebinformation.
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InformationLeaflet:Mulhouse·Freiburg
MulhouseHistoryandgeography
(source:Internet/wikipedia)
MulhouseisatownandcommuneineasternFranceclosetoSwissandGermanborder. With110,000populationitisthelargesttowninHaut·Rhindepartment,andthesecondlargestinAlsaceafterStrasbourg.Itsdesignatedlocaldevelopmentareaconsistsof16communes,butitsconurbationissubstantiallylargerthanthat(about235000population).
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PublicTransportandRegionalPlanningOrganisation
Theplayers:Themunicipality:Theregionalplanningauthority:Theregionalrailwayauthority:TheregionalPassengerTransportAuthority:ThelocalPToperator:TheregionalPToperator(s):ThelocalPassengerTransportAuthority:Mulhousemunicipality,Communautéd’AgglomerationdeMulhouse(CAMSA),···responsibilitiesarewithRegion(Alsace)andDepartement(HautRhin),LesTransportsdel’agglomerationmulhousienne(SOLEA),SNCF+busoperatorsMulhouseAgglomeration(M2A)–replacingformerSITRAM
CityandregionofMulhousefacesimilarinstitutionalcontextinAlsacethenneighbouringStrasbourg.However,theregion/agglomerationismuchsmallerandrepresentsoneofthesmallestwhichare“goingtramway”inFrance.Planningforthetramway/TramTrain·projectstartedin1995andthetramwaywasopenedMay2006(first12km).19.7kmtramway(notfullycompletedyet!)with37stationsand27tramvehiclesareestimatedtocostroughly350Mio.€.
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InformationLeaflet:Mulhouse·Freiburg
Mulhousetramimpressions
Theinitialtramwaynetworkconsistsoftwolineswhichmeetinthecitycentre,oneofthemalsolinkingtotherailwaystation.LikeinmostFrenchtramwaycasestheimplementationofthetramwayalignmentmeantheavychangestothestreetnetworkandconsiderable“corridordevelopment”besidesthepuretramwayproject.Since2006furtherextensionsforthetramwayhavebeenopenedrespectivelyareunderdevelopment.
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(source:Internet/SITRAM)
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TramTrainBackgroundTheMulhouseTramTrainandtramwayprojectwasplannedfromthebeginningasanintegratedprojectwhichallowedachievingallrequiredparametersintheurbansectionusedbybothtramsandTramTrains.
TheregionalrailwaycorridortoKruthintheVosgesmountainswasun·electrifiedand39kmlong.Aspartoftheprojecttheroutewastobeelectrified(25kVAC)andequippedwithadditionalstations.Thismeansalsothattheprojectrequiredtheuseofdual·modeTramTrainvehiclesabletooperatealsointhetramwaynetworkunder750VDC.ADieseltramoptionwasnotdiscussedinMulhouse.WhenprojectdecisionsweretakenforwardinMulhousetheKasselreferencecasewasnotyetinoperation!However,evento·dayallFrenchTramTrainprojectswhichuseun·electrifiedrailwayinfrastructurearegoingforelectrificationandevenforratherlongregional/ruralsections.Originallyonewasalsoaimingforaparalleldevelopmentofboththeurbanandtheregionalcomponent,however,onedidsoonrecognisethattheregionalTramTrain·projectinvolvesmuchmorestakeholders(especiallythestaterailwaySNCFandthestateinfrastructuremanagerRFF)andthereforeincreasedcomplexitywhichwouldhavedelayedtheurbantramwayproject’sprogress.Thatthereisrealjustificationfortheseconcernscanbeseenfromthefactthatthetramwayisnowoperatingsince2006whiletheTramTrainwillopeninDecemberthisyearandthisopeningjustbeingforthefirstphase!IncreasedinfrastructureandrollingstockcostscomparedtotheinitialestimationshadledtoadecisiontostopTramTrainoperationinafirstphaseinThannandtooperateaDMUshuttlebetweenThannandKruth.8
InformationLeaflet:Mulhouse·Freiburg
ForthefirsttimeinFrancetheschemeinvolvesrealtrack·sharingfeaturesasparalleltotheTramTrainstoppingservicesDMUserviceswillbekeptasanexpressconnectiontoMulhousemainstation.
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(Source:RFF)
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(Source:RFF)
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TokeepawayfromthemainlineMulhouse·Strasbourg,betweenLutterbachandthelinkingpointwiththetramwaycorridorofline2anewpar·alleldoubletracktramwayinfrastructurehasbeenestablished.
ThisinfrastructurewillbeuseduntilLutterbachbybothtramways(operatedasline3)andtheregionalTramTrainservices.TheMulhouseschemeusesALSTOMCITADIStramwayvehiclesforthepureurbanservicesandSIEMENSAVANTOvehiclesfortheTram·Trainservices.
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Concept’ssuccessThetramwayhasbeenopenedinMay2006andhasfulfilledtheexpectationsregardingpatronagewithtodayabout50000dailytrips.Criticalremarks–ifanyIfonelooksattherailwaylineforeseeninMulhousefortheTramTrain,theThurvalleyrailwaytoThannandKruth,itshowsquitesomesimi·laritiestootherruralrailwayswhichareservedelsewheretodaywithmodernregionalDMUrailwayvehicles:singletrack,un·electrified,run·ningthroughsmallervillagesandtowns.AllthefeaturesoftheregionalTramTrainconversionregardingadditionalstopsarenomoredepend·enttodayonhavingalightrailvehicleandelectricoperation–onemustrealisethatstate·of·the·artheavyrailrollingstock(DMUs/EMUs)havemade terrific progress in the last ten years. There is no automatism anymore that conversion to light rail or TramTrain results inthe samequantumjumpofqualityimprovementcomparedtothe“normal”railwayasitwas. CostsforTramTrainrollingstockinMulhousehavebeenseensomeyearsagoasquitehigh–4.4Mio.€pervehiclewithinasmallseriesof12TT·vehicles.TodaythisrepresentsastandardcostlevelandDieseltramsolutionswouldbeevenmoreexpensive.WhentheMulhouseprojectdecisionforTramTrainwastaken15yearsagotherailwayworldwasstillanotheroneandspeculationhowanobjective recommendation today would look like is not reallyhelpfulnow. However, the more challenging task istoget in other TramTrain·projectcasestodayintoseriousevaluationswhichalsoreflectbettertheprogressinthe“neighbouring”heavyrailworld.Linkswww.cc·mulhouse.fr/index.htmwww.mulhouse·alsace.fr/www.solea.info/
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InformationLeaflet:Mulhouse·Freiburg
FreiburgHistoryandgeographyFreiburgimBreisgauislocatedintheextremesouth·westofthecountryonthewesternedgeoftheBlackForestintheUpperRhinePlain–about20kmfromtheFrenchborderandabout70kmfromSwitzerland.OneofthefamousoldGermanuniversitytowns,andarchiepiscopalseat,Freiburgwasincorporatedintheearly12thcenturyanddevelopedintoamajorcommercialandecclesiasticalcentreoftheupperRhineregion. The city is known for its ancient university and its medieval cathedral, as well as for its high standard of living and advancedenvironmental practices. The city is situated in the heart of a major wine·growing region and serves as the primary tourist entrepot to thescenicbeautyoftheBlackForest.Accordingtometeorologicalstatistics,thecityisthesunniestandwarmestinGermany.
(source:wikipedia)
Freiburgisknownasan"eco·city".Inrecentyearsithasattractedsolarindustriesandresearchorganisations;theGreenshaveastrongholdhere(thestrongestinanymajorGermancity;upto25%oftheoverallcityvote,insomeneighbourhoodsreaching40%ormoreinthe2002nationalelections).ThenewlybuiltneighbourhoodsofVaubanandRieselfeldweredevelopedandbuiltaccordingtotheideaofsustainability.
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ThecitizensofFreiburgareknowninGermanyfortheirloveofcyclingandrecycling.Thelordmayor,Dr.DieterSalomon,(electedin2002),istheonlymemberoftheGreenPartywhoholdssuchanofficeinacitywithmorethan100,000inhabitants.PublicTransportandRegionalPlanningOrganisation
Theplayers:Themunicipality:Theregionalplanningauthority:ThePassengerTransportAuthority:ThelocalPToperator:TheregionalPToperator(s):Freiburgmunicipality,RegionalverbandSüdlicherOberrhein(RVSO),ZweckverbandRegio·NahverkehrFreiburg(ZRF)+Regio·VerbundGmbH(publicside)Regio·VerkehrsverbundFreiburg (RVF)(operatorside),FreiburgerVerkehrs·AG(VAG),DBRegio+BreisgauS·Bahn+SWEG
TheFreiburgareaispartoftheregionalplanningauthority“RegionalverbandSüdlicherOberrhein”.FurthertothisthereisnofurtherregionalplanningunitbetweentheRVSOandthelocalcommunitieswhichwouldi.e.careforintegratedland·useplanningetc.Thisisdifferenttosomeother cities/agglomerations both in Baden·Württemberg and Germany which have created rather strong planning bodies on agglomerationlevel (i.e. Verband Region Stuttgart, Region Hanover, Planungsverband Frankfurt·Main, Nachbarschaftsverband Karlsruhe). However, withregardtopublictransport,suchanintermediateplanninglevelexists,whichcoversthecityareaandthetwocountieswhichencloseFreiburg.Thestructureisratherspecificwithapoliticalbodyonthepublicside,apurposecommunity,theso·calledZweckverbandRegio·NahverkehrFreiburgand its managementorganisation Regio·Verbund GmbH, which caresforan integratedpublic transport offer intheagglomeration.Theorderingresponsibilityislimitedtotheurbantramandbusnetworkandtheregionalbusnetwork,whileresponsibilityforregionalrailwayservicesiswiththestateorganisationNahverkehrsgesellschaftBaden·Württemberg.Furthertothisthereexistsapassengertransportauthor·ity(hereonly“Tarifverbund”)formedbytheoperatingcompanieswhichownstheresponsibilityforthefaresystem.17
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(source:ZRF/VRF)
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AgainthisstructureisnotreallytypicalorcomparabletomanyotherGermanagglomerations,wheresuchpassengertransportauthoritiesinquitesomecasesarefullypubliccontrolledand/orresponsibleforbothorganisationandfaresand/orindependentfromtheoperatorsandinsome German states also equipped with responsibility for ordering regional railway services. Baden·Württemberg shows regarding publictransportorganisationstillsome“smallstateattitudes”.DespitesuchrathercomplicatedstructureFreiburghasmanagedtodevelopbothaverysuccessfulpublictransportsystemandmoregener·allyanintegratedmobilitymanagementstrategyfittingtothegreenimageofthecity!Suchstrategyisnotjustbaseduponbiginfrastructuremeasuresbutalsostronglyonavarietyof“softmeasures”withsupportiveimpactforthePT·investments.Freiburg was the first German city in 1984 basing the fare system strongly on the so·called “Umweltkarte” (environmental ticket), a rathercheaplyofferedmonthlyticketforthepublictransportnetworkwhichisalsotransferable!Allfearsthatsuchaticketwouldunderminethereve·nuesofthepublictransportsystemhavenotbecometrueasthediagramonthenextpageillustrates:hugeincreasesinpassengershavebeenraisedwithoutmajorincreasesofthedeficit.
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(source:VAG)
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ThecomparisonofthemodalsplitsituationwithsomeGerman,AustrianandSwisscitiesshowsnicelythatthebigsuccessofkeepingthecarshareinmodalsplitdownto30%oncitylevelisnotjustaresultofextremelyhighpublictransportsharesbutalsoofhighwalkingandcyclingshares!
(source:Internet/adapted)
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WhentheplanningprocessforthenewRieselfeldhousingareawasstartedintheearlyninetiesaratheruniqueapproachhasbeenbroughtforward:thelayoutwasbasedonacentraltramwayaxewithhigherdensitiesallocatedneartothePT·corridorandthetramwaywasestab·lishedbeforetheactualconstructionstartedtogiveanyonethinkingaboutsettlingthere100%safetyregardingtheavailabilityofahighqualityPT·systemavailabletothefutureresidents.
(source:Internet)
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Rieselfeld(left)/Vauban(right)
TheRieselfeldquarterisconceptedfor10·12000Einwohnerin4500flatson70ha,thuswithabout64flats/haorinaverage170residents/ha!Toreachthosetargets3·5storeybuildingshavebeenbuilt.Currentlyliveabout8000residentsinRieselfeld.Rieselfeldwasplannedwithamaximumdistanceof400mtowardsthetramwaystopsormax.5·7minwalkingdistanceandthusnotrequiringanyfeederservices!3tramwaystopsonthecentrallylocatedtramwayaxecoveralengthof1.2kmandreachabout12000residents!WhenestablishingthenewhousingareaVaubanonthesiteofaformerFrenchmilitarybase,plannerswentevenfurther!23
InformationLeaflet:Mulhouse·Freiburg
(Source:ClaudiaNobis/DLR/ECOMM2003)
TheVaubanareaof38ha,2000flatsandabout5000residentsisconsiderablysmallerthenRieselfeld,butshowshoweversomespecialfea·tureswhicharelinkedtotheFreiburgphilosophyregardingmobilitymanagement.Againitisservedwithanewcentraltramwaylinebutlargepartsoftheareaareofferedascar·freeareaswithoutaccessibilityofthehouses/flatswithcars.Parkingisenabledintwocentralparkingga·rages.TheplanningapproachisclearlyrecognisablewhencomparingcarownershipratesinFreiburgasawhole,RieselfeldandVauban!OntheregionalleveloftheZRFFreiburghasdevelopedkindofalow·costS·BahnsystemwithDMUvehicles,theso·calledBreisgauS·Bahn,whichislinkedtotheurbanPT·systembutalsotolong·distancetrainsatFreiburgmainstationwhichhasbeendevelopedasaveryattractiveinterchangenode.
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InformationLeaflet:Mulhouse·Freiburg
Linkswww.freiburg.de/www.freiburg.de/servlet/PB/menu/1182949_l2/index.html(GreenCity)www.regio·verbund.de/www.rvf.de/www.vag·freiburg.de/www.breisgau·s·bahn.de/www.region·suedlicher·oberrhein.de/
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