MPU, Alm.del - 2010-11 (1. samling) - Bilag 346: Beslutningstekster fra FN´s klimakonference ( COP16), Cancun, Mexico

Outcome of the work of the Ad Hoc Working Group on long-termCooperative Action under the ConventionThe Conference of the PartiesRecallingits decision 1/CP.13 (the Bali Action Plan), and decision 1/CP.15,Seekingto secure progress in a balanced manner, in the understanding that, through this decision,not all aspects of the work of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action underthe Convention are concluded, and that nothing in this decision shall prejudge prospects for, or thecontent of, a legally-binding outcome in the future,Reaffirmingthe commitment to enable the full, effective and sustained implementation of theConvention through long-term cooperative action, now, up to and beyond 2012, in order to achievethe ultimate objective of the Convention,Recallingthe principles, provisions and commitments set forth in the Convention, in particular itsArticles 3 and 4,Recognizingthat climate change represents an urgent and potentially irreversible threat to humansocieties and the planet, and thus requires to be urgently addressed by all Parties,Affirmingthe legitimate needs of developing country Parties for the achievement of sustainedeconomic growth and the eradication of poverty, so as to be able to deal with climate change,Notingresolution 10/4 of the United Nations Human Rights Council on ‘human rights and climatechange’, which recognizes that the adverse effects of climate change have a range of direct andindirect implications for the effective enjoyment of human rights and that the effects of climatechange will be felt most acutely by those segments of the population that are already vulnerableowing to geography, gender, age, indigenous or minority status and disability.

1.Affirmsthat climate change is one of the greatest challenges of our time and that allParties share a vision for long-term cooperative action in order to achieve the objective of theConvention under its Article 2, including through achievement of a global goal, on the basis ofequity and in accordance with common but differentiated responsibilities and respectivecapabilities; this vision is to guide the policies and actions of all Parties, while taking into fullconsideration the different circumstances of Parties in accordance with the principles andprovisions of the Convention; the vision addresses mitigation, adaptation, finance, technologydevelopment and transfer, and capacity-building in a balanced, integrated and comprehensivemanner to enhance and achieve the full, effective and sustained implementation of the Convention,now, up to and beyond 2012;2.Further affirmsthat:(a)Scaled-up overall mitigation efforts that allow for the achievement of desiredstabilization levels are necessary, with developed country Parties showing leadership byundertaking ambitious emission reductions and in providing technology, capacity-building andfinancial resources to developing country Parties, in accordance with the relevant provisions of theConvention;

(b)Adaptation must be addressed with the same priority as mitigation and requiresappropriate institutional arrangements to enhance adaptation action and support;(c)All Parties should cooperate, consistent with the principles of the Convention,through effective mechanisms, enhanced means and appropriate enabling environments, andenhance technology development and the transfer of technologies to developing country Parties toenable action on mitigation and adaptation;(d)Mobilization and provision of scaled up, new, additional, adequate and predictablefinancial resources is necessary to address the adaptation and mitigation needs of developingcountries;(e)Capacity-building is essential to enable developing country Parties to participatefully in, and to implement effectively, their commitments under the Convention; and that the goalis to enhance the capacity of developing country Parties in all areas;3.Recognizesthat warming of the climate system is unequivocal and that most of theobserved increase in global average temperatures since the mid twentieth century is very likely dueto the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations, as assessed by theIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in its Fourth Assessment Report;4.Further recognizesthat deep cuts in global greenhouse gas emissions are requiredaccording to science, and as documented in the Fourth Assessment Report of the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change, with a view to reducing global greenhouse gas emissionsso as to hold the increase in global average temperature below 2�C above pre-industrial levels, andthat Parties should take urgent action to meet this long-term goal, consistent with science and onthe basis of equity;Alsorecognizes the need to consider, in the context of the first review, asreferred to in paragraph 138 below, strengthening the long-term global goal on the basis of the bestavailable scientific knowledge, including in relation to a global average temperature rise of 1.5�C;5.Agrees,in the context of the long-term goal and the ultimate objective of theConvention and the Bali Action Plan, to work towards identifying a global goal for substantiallyreducing global emissions by 2050, and to consider it at its seventeenth session;6.Also agreesthat Parties should cooperate in achieving the peaking of global andnational greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible, recognizing that the time frame for peakingwill be longer in developing countries, and bearing in mind that social and economic developmentand poverty eradication are the first and overriding priorities of developing countries and that alow-carbon development strategy is indispensable to sustainable development. In this context,further agreesto work towards identifying a timeframe for global peaking of greenhouse gasemissions based on the best available scientific knowledge and equitable access to sustainabledevelopment, and to consider it at its seventeenth session;7.Recognizesthe need to engage a broad range of stakeholders at global, regional,national and local levels, be they government, including subnational and local government, privatebusiness or civil society, including youth and persons with disability, and that gender equality andthe effective participation of women and indigenous peoples are important for effective action onall aspects of climate change;8.Emphasizesthat Parties should, in all climate change-related actions, fully respecthuman rights;9.Confirmsthat Parties, especially developing country Parties that would have to beara disproportionate or abnormal burden under the long-term cooperative action under theConvention, should be given full consideration;10.Realizesthat addressing climate change requires a paradigm shift towards building alow-carbon society that offers substantial opportunities and ensures continued high growth andsustainable development, based on innovative technologies and more sustainable production and2

11.Agreesthat adaptation is a challenge faced by all Parties, and that enhanced actionand international cooperation on adaptation is urgently required to enable and support theimplementation of adaptation actions aimed at reducing vulnerability and building resilience indeveloping country Parties, taking into account the urgent and immediate needs of thosedeveloping countries that are particularly vulnerable;12.Affirmsthat enhanced action on adaptation should be undertaken in accordance withthe Convention; follow a country-driven, gender-sensitive, participatory and fully transparentapproach, taking into consideration vulnerable groups, communities and ecosystems; and be basedon and guided by the best available science and, as appropriate, traditional and indigenousknowledge; with a view to integrating adaptation into relevant social, economic and environmentalpolicies and actions, where appropriate;13.Decidesto hereby establish the Cancun Adaptation Framework encompassing theprovisions laid out below, with the objective of enhancing action on adaptation, including throughinternational cooperation and coherent consideration of matters relating to adaptation under theConvention;14.Invitesall Parties to enhance action on adaptation under the Cancun AdaptationFramework, taking into account their common but differentiated responsibilities and respectivecapabilities, and specific national and regional development priorities, objectives andcircumstances, by undertaking, inter alia, the following:(a)Planning, prioritizing and implementing adaptation actions, including projects and1programmes, and actions identified in national and subnational adaptation plans and strategies,national adaptation programmes of action of the least developed countries, nationalcommunications, technology needs assessments and other relevant national planning documents;(b)Impact, vulnerability and adaptation assessments, including assessments of financialneeds as well as economic, social and environmental evaluation of adaptation options;(c)Strengthening institutional capacities and enabling environments for adaptation,including for climate-resilient development and vulnerability reduction;(d)Building resilience of socio-economic and ecological systems, including througheconomic diversification and sustainable management of natural resources;(e)Enhancing climate change related disaster risk reduction strategies, taking intoconsideration the Hyogo Framework for Action2where appropriate; early warning systems; riskassessment and management; and sharing and transfer mechanisms such as insurance, at local,national, subregional and regional levels, as appropriate;(f)Measures to enhance understanding, coordination and cooperation with regard toclimate change induced displacement, migration and planned relocation, where appropriate, atnational, regional and international levels;(g)Research, development, demonstration, diffusion, deployment and transfer oftechnologies, practices and processes; and capacity-building for adaptation, with a view topromoting access to technologies, in particular in developing country Parties;1

(i)Improving climate-related research and systematic observation for climate datacollection, archiving, analysis and modelling in order to provide decision makers at national andregional levels with improved climate-related data and information;15.Decidesto hereby establish a process to enable least developed country Parties toformulate and implement national adaptation plans, building upon their experience in preparingand implementing national adaptation programmes of action, as a means of identifying mediumand long-term adaptation needs and developing and implementing strategies and programmes toaddress those needs;16.Invitesother developing country Parties to employ the modalities formulated tosupport the above-mentioned national adaptation plans, in the elaboration of their planning effortreferred to in paragraph 14 (a) above;17.Requeststhe Subsidiary Body for Implementation to elaborate modalities andguidelines for the provisions of paragraphs 15 and 16 above, for adoption by the Conference of theParties at its seventeenth session;18.Requestsdeveloped country Parties to provide developing country Parties, takinginto account the needs of those that are particularly vulnerable, with long-term, scaled-up,predictable, new and additional finance, technology, and capacity-building, consistent withrelevant provisions, to implement urgent, short-, medium- and long-term adaptation actions, plans,programmes and projects at local, national, subregional and regional levels, in and across differenteconomic and social sectors and ecosystems, as well as to undertake the activities referred to inparagraphs 14–16, above and paragraphs 30, 32 and 33 below;19.Acknowledgesthe need to strengthen, enhance and better utilize existing institutionalarrangements and expertise under the Convention;20.Decidesto hereby establish an Adaptation Committee to promote theimplementation of enhanced action on adaptation in a coherent manner under the Convention, interalia, through the following functions:(a)Providing technical support and guidance to the Parties, respecting the country-driven approach, with a view to facilitating the implementation of adaptation activities, includingthose listed in paragraphs 14 and 15 of this decision, where appropriate;(b)Strengthening, consolidating and enhancing the sharing of relevant information,knowledge, experience and good practices, at local, national, regional and international levels,taking into account, as appropriate, traditional knowledge and practices;(c)Promoting synergy and strengthening engagement with national, regional andinternational organizations, centres and networks, to enhance the implementation of adaptationactions, in particular in developing country Parties;(d)Providing information and recommendations, drawing on adaptation good practices,for consideration by the Conference of the Parties when providing guidance on means toincentivize the implementation of adaptation actions, including finance, technology and capacity-building and other ways to enable climate-resilient development and reduce vulnerability,including to the operating entities of the financial mechanism of the Convention, as appropriate;(e)Considering information communicated by Parties on their monitoring and review ofadaptation actions, support provided and received, possible needs and gaps and other relevantinformation, including information communicated under the Convention, with a view torecommending what further actions may be required, as appropriate;

21.InvitesParties to submit to the secretariat, by 21 February 2011, views on thecomposition of, and modalities and procedures for, the Adaptation Committee, including onproposed linkages with other relevant institutional arrangements;22.Requeststhe secretariat to compile these submissions into a miscellaneous documentto be made available by the fourteenth session of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-termCooperative Action under the Convention, and to prepare a synthesis report based on thosesubmissions by the fourteenth session of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term CooperativeAction under the Convention;23.Requeststhe Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under theConvention, taking into account the above-mentioned submissions and synthesis report, toelaborate the composition of, and modalities and procedures for, the Adaptation Committee, foradoption by the Conference of the Parties at its seventeenth session;24.Requeststhe Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under theConvention, in elaborating the above-mentioned modalities and procedures, to define, asappropriate, linkages with other relevant institutional arrangements under and outside theConvention, including at national and regional levels;25.Recognizesthe need to strengthen international cooperation and expertise tounderstand and reduce loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change,including impacts related to extreme weather events and slow onset events3;26.Decidesto hereby establish a work programme in order to consider, includingthrough workshops and expert meetings, as appropriate, approaches to address loss and damageassociated with climate change impacts in developing countries that are particularly vulnerable tothe adverse effects of climate change;27.Requeststhe Subsidiary Body for Implementation to agree on activities to beundertaken under the above-mentioned work programme;28.InvitesParties and relevant organizations to submit to the secretariat, by 21 February2011, views and information on what elements should be included in the work programme,including the following:(a)Possible development of a climate risk insurance facility to address impactsassociated with severe weather events;(b)Options for risk management and reduction; risk sharing and transfer mechanismssuch as insurance, including options for micro-insurance; and resilience building, includingthrough economic diversification;(c)events;(d)Approaches for addressing rehabilitation measures associated with slow onsetEngagement of stakeholders with relevant specialized expertise;

adaptation actions, in a manner that is country-driven, encourages cooperation and coordinationbetween regional stakeholders and improves the flow of information between the Conventionprocess and national and regional activities;31.Notesthat an international centre to enhance adaptation research and coordinationcould also be established in a developing country;32.Invitesall Parties to strengthen and, where necessary, establish and/or designatenational-level institutional arrangements, with a view to enhancing work on the full range ofadaptation actions from planning to implementation;33.Decidesthat all Parties should use existing channels to provide information, asappropriate, on support provided and received for adaptation actions in developing countries; andon activities undertaken, including, inter alia, progress made, experiences, lessons learned, andchallenges and gaps in the delivery of support with a view to ensuring transparency andaccountability, and encouraging best practices;34.Invitesrelevant multilateral, international, regional and national organizations, thepublic and private sectors, civil society and other relevant stakeholders to undertake and supportenhanced action on adaptation at all levels, including under the Cancun Adaptation Framework, asappropriate, in a coherent and integrated manner, building on synergies among activities andprocesses, and to make available information on the progress made;35.Requeststhe secretariat to support the implementation of the Cancun AdaptationFramework, including related institutional arrangements under the Convention, in accordance withits mandate and subject to the availability of resources;

III. Enhanced action on mitigationA. Nationally appropriate mitigation commitments or actions bydeveloped country PartiesEmphasizingthe need for deep cuts in global greenhouse gas emissions and early and urgentundertakings to accelerate and enhance the implementation of the Convention by all Parties, on thebasis of equity and in accordance with their common but differentiated responsibilities andrespective capabilities,Acknowledgingthat the largest share of historical global emissions of greenhouse gases originatedin developed countries and that, owing to this historical responsibility, developed country Partiesmust take the lead in combating climate change and the adverse effects thereof,36.Takes noteof quantified economy-wide emission reduction targets to beimplemented by Parties included in Annex I to the Convention as communicated by them andcontained in document FCCC/SB/2010/INF.X4(to be issued);37.Urgesdeveloped country Parties to increase the ambition of their economy-wideemission reduction targets, with a view to reducing their aggregate anthropogenic emissions ofcarbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol to a levelconsistent with that recommended by the Fourth Assessment Report of the IntergovernmentalPanel on Climate Change;38.Requeststhe secretariat to organize workshops to clarify the assumptions and theconditions related to the attainment of these targets, including the use of carbon credits from the4

market-based mechanisms and land use, land-use change and forestry activities, and options andways to increase their level of ambition;39.Requeststhe secretariat to prepare a technical paper based on Parties’ submissionswith the aim of facilitating understanding of the assumptions and conditions related to theattainment of their emission reduction targets and comparison of the level of emission reductionefforts;40.Decides,building on existing reporting and review guidelines, processes andexperiences, to enhance reporting in the national communications of Parties included in Annex I tothe Convention on mitigation targets and on the provision of financial, technological and capacity-building support to developing country Parties as follows:(a)Developed countries should submit annual greenhouse gas inventories and inventoryreports and biennial reports on their progress in achieving emission reductions, includinginformation on mitigation actions to achieve their quantified economy-wide emissions targets andemission reductions achieved, projected emissions and on the provision of financial, technologyand capacity-building support to developing country Parties;(b)Developed countries shall submit supplementary information on the achievement ofquantified economy-wide emission reductions;(c)Developed countries shall improve the reporting of information on the provision offinancial, technology and capacity-building support to developing country Parties;41.Decidesto enhance the guidelines for the reporting of information in nationalcommunications by Parties included in Annex I to the Convention, including the development ofcommon reporting formats, methodologies for finance, and in order to ensure that informationprovided is complete, comparable, transparent and accurate;42.Decidesto enhance guidelines for the review of information in nationalcommunications with respect to the following:(a)Progress made in achieving emission reductions;(b)Provision of financial, technology and capacity-building support to developingcountry Parties;43.Decidesthat developed countries should establish national arrangements for theestimation of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all greenhouse gasesnot controlled by the Montreal Protocol;44.Decidesto establish a process for international assessment of emissions andremovals related to quantified economy-wide emissions reductions targets in the Subsidiary Bodyfor Implementation, taking into account national circumstances, in a rigorous, robust andtransparent manner, with a view to promoting comparability and building confidence;45.Decidesthat developed countries should develop low-carbon developmentstrategies or plans;46.Decideson the following work programme for the development of modalities andguidelines described above, building on existing reporting and review guidelines, processes andexperiences:(a)The revision of guidelines, as necessary, on the reporting of nationalcommunications, including the biennial report:(i)The provision of financing, through enhanced common reporting formats,methodologies for finance and tracking of climate-related support;

(ii)Supplementary information on achievement of quantified economy-wide emissionreductions targets;(iii)Information on national inventory arrangements;(b)The revision of guidelines for the review of national communications, including thebiennial report, annual greenhouse gas inventories and national inventory systems;(c)The establishment of guidelines for national inventory arrangements;(d)Modalities and procedures for international assessment and review of emissions andremovals related to quantified economy-wide emission reductions targets in accordance withparagraph 44, including the role of land use, land-use change and forestry, and carbon credits frommarket-based mechanisms, taking into account international experience;47.InvitesParties to submit views on the items in paragraph 46, including with respectto the initial scheduling of the processes described in this section, by 28 March 2011;

Recognizingthat developing country Parties are already contributing and will continue tocontribute to a global mitigation effort in accordance with the principles and provisions of theConvention, and could enhance their mitigation actions, depending on the provision of finance,technology and capacity-building support provided by developed country Parties,Reaffirmingthat social and economic development and poverty eradication are the first andoverriding priorities of developing country Parties, and that the share of global emissionsoriginating in developing countries will grow to meet their social and development needs,48.Agreesthat developing country Parties will take nationally appropriate mitigationactions in the context of sustainable development, supported and enabled by technology, financingand capacity-building, aimed at achieving a deviation in emissions relative to ‘business as usual’emissions in 2020;49.Takesnote of nationally appropriate mitigation actions to be implemented by non-Annex I Parties as communicated by them and contained in document FCCC/AWGLCA//2010/INF.Y5(to be issued);50.Invitesdeveloping countries that wish to voluntarily inform the Conference of theParties of their intention to implement nationally appropriate mitigation actions in association withthis decision to submit information on those actions to the secretariat;51.Requeststhe secretariat to organize workshops, to understand the diversity ofmitigation actions submitted, underlying assumptions, and any support needed for implementationof these actions, noting different national circumstances and respective capabilities of developingcountry Parties;52.Decidesthat, in accordance with Article 4, paragraph 3, of the Convention,developed country Parties shall provide enhanced financial, technological and capacity-buildingsupport for the preparation and implementation of nationally appropriate mitigation actions ofdeveloping country Parties and for enhanced reporting by these Parties;53.Also decidesto set up a registry to record nationally appropriate mitigation actionsseeking international support and to facilitate matching of finance, technology and capacity-building support to these actions;

57.Agreesto develop modalities for the facilitation of support through the registryreferred to in paragraph 53 above, including any functional relationship with the financialmechanism;58.Decidesto recognize nationally appropriate mitigation actions of developingcountries in a separate section of the registry;59.Requeststhe secretariat to record, and regularly update, information submitted byParties, in a separate section of the registry:(a)Mitigation actions contained in document FCCC/AWGLCA/2010/INF.Y referred toin paragraph 49 above;(b)Additional mitigation actions submitted in association with paragraph 50 above;(c)Once support has been provided, internationally supported mitigation actions andassociated support;60.Decidesto enhance reporting in national communications, including inventories,from Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention (non-Annex I Parties) on mitigation actionsand their effects, and support received; with additional flexibility to be given to the least developedcountry Parties and small island developing states:(a)The content and frequency of national communications from non-Annex I Partieswill not be more onerous than that for Parties included in Annex I to the Convention;(b)Non-Annex I Parties should submit their national communications to theConference of the Parties, in accordance with Article 12, paragraph 1, of the Convention every fouryears or in accordance with any further decisions on frequency by the Conference of the Partiestaking into account a differentiated timetable and the prompt provision of financial resources tocover the agreed full costs incurred by non-Annex I Parties in preparing their nationalcommunications;(c)Developing countries, consistent with their capabilities and the level of supportprovided for reporting, should also submit biennial update reports, containing updates of nationalgreenhouse gas inventories including a national inventory report and information on mitigationactions, needs and support received;61.Also decidesthat internationally supported mitigation actions will be measured,reported and verified domestically and will be subject to international measurement, reporting andverification in accordance with guidelines to be developed under the Convention;62.Further decidesthat domestically supported mitigation actions will be measured,reported and verified domestically in accordance with general guidelines to be developed under theConvention;

63.Decidesto conduct a process for international consultations and analysis of biennialreports in the Subsidiary Body on Implementation, in a manner that is non-intrusive, non-punitiveand respectful of national sovereignty; he international consultations and analysis aim to increasetransparency of mitigation actions and their effects, through analysis by technical experts inconsultation with the Party concerned, and through a facilitative sharing of views, and will result ina summary report;64.Also decidesthat information considered should include information on mitigationactions, the national greenhouse gas inventory report, including a description, analysis of theimpacts and associated methodologies and assumptions, progress in implementation andinformation on domestic measurement, reporting and verification and support received; discussionabout the appropriateness of such domestic policies and measures are not part of the process.Discussions should be intended to provide transparency on information related to unsupportedactions;65.Encouragesdeveloping countries to develop low-carbon development strategies orplans in the context of sustainable development;66.Agreeson a work programme for the development of modalities and guidelines for:facilitation of support to nationally appropriate mitigation actions through a registry; measurement,reporting and verification of supported actions and corresponding support; biennial reports as partof national communications from non-Annex I Parties; domestic verification of mitigation actionsundertaken with domestic resources; and international consultations and analysis;67.InvitesParties to submit views on the items in paragraph 66, including with respectto the initial scheduling of the processes described in this section, by 28 March 2011.

C.Policy approaches and positive incentives on issues relating to reducingemissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries;and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests andenhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countriesAffirmingthat, in the context of the provision of adequate and predictable support todeveloping country Parties, Parties should collectively aim to slow, halt and reverse forest coverand carbon loss, according to national circumstances, consistent with the ultimate objective of theConvention, as stated in Article 2,Also affirmingthe need to promote broad country participation in all phasesdescribed in paragraph 73 below, including through the provision of support that takes into accountexisting capacities,68.Encouragesall Parties to find effective ways to reduce the human pressure onforests that results in greenhouse gas emissions, including actions to address drivers ofdeforestation;69.Affirmsthat the implementation of the activities referred to in paragraph 70 belowshould be carried out in accordance with annex I to this decision, and that the safeguards referredto in paragraph 2 of annex I to this decision should be promoted and supported;70.Encouragesdeveloping country Parties to contribute to mitigation actions in theforest sector by undertaking the following activities, as deemed appropriate by each Party and inaccordance with their respective capabilities and national circumstances:(a)(b)(c)Reducing emissions from deforestation;Reducing emissions from forest degradation;Conservation of forest carbon stocks;10

71.Requestsdeveloping country Parties aiming to undertake activities referred to inparagraph 70 above, in the context of the provision of adequate and predictable support, includingfinancial resources and technical and technological support to developing country Parties, inaccordance with national circumstances and respective capabilities, to develop the followingelements:(a)A national strategy or action plan;(b)A national forest reference emission level and/or forest reference level6or, ifappropriate, as an interim measure, subnational forest reference emission levels and/or forestreference levels, in accordance with national circumstances, and with provisions contained indecision 4/CP.15, and with any further elaboration of those provisions adopted by the Conferenceof the Parties;(c)A robust and transparent national forest monitoring system for the monitoring andreporting of the activities referred to in paragraph 70 above, with, if appropriate, subnationalmonitoring and reporting as an interim measure,7in accordance with national circumstances, andwith the provisions contained in decision 4/CP.15, and with any further elaboration of thoseprovisions agreed by the Conference of the Parties;(d) A system for providing information on how the safeguards referred to inannex I to this decision are being addressed and respected throughout the implementation of theactivities referred to in paragraph 70, while respecting sovereignty;72.Also requestsdeveloping country Parties, when developing and implementing theirnational strategies or action plans, to address, inter alia, drivers of deforestation and forestdegradation, land tenure issues, forest governance issues, gender considerations and the safeguardsidentified in paragraph 2 of annex I to this decision, ensuring the full and effective participation ofrelevant stakeholders, inter alia, indigenous peoples and local communities;73.Decidesthat the activities undertaken by Parties referred to in paragraph 70 aboveshould be implemented in phases beginning with the development of national strategies or actionplans, policies and measures, and capacity-building, followed by the implementation of nationalpolicies and measures and national strategies or action plans that could involve further capacity-building, technology development and transfer and results-based demonstration activities, andevolving into results-based actions that should be fully measured, reported and verified;74.Recognizesthat the implementation of the activities referred to in paragraph 70above, including the choice of a starting phase as referred to in paragraph 73 above, depends on thespecific national circumstances, capacities and capabilities of each developing country Party andthe level of support received;75.Requeststhe Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice to develop awork programme on the matters referred to in annex II to this decision;76.UrgesParties, in particular developed country Parties, to support, throughmultilateral and bilateral channels, the development of national strategies or action plans, policiesand measures and capacity-building, followed by the implementation of national policies and6

measures, and national strategies or action plans, that could involve further capacity building,technology development and transfer and results-based demonstration activities includingconsideration of the safeguards referred to in paragraph 2 of annex I to this decision, taking intoaccount the relevant provisions on finance including those relating to reporting on support;77.Requeststhe Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under theConvention to explore financing options for the full implementation of the results-based actions8referred to in paragraph 73 above, and to report on progress made, including any recommendationsfor draft decisions on this matter, to the Conference of the Parties at its seventeenth session;78.Also requestsParties to ensure coordination of the activities referred to in paragraph70 above, including of the related support, particularly at the national level;79.Invitesrelevant international organizations and stakeholders to contribute to theactivities referred to in paragraphs 70 and 78 above.

D.Various approaches, including opportunities for using markets, toenhance the cost-effectiveness of, and to promote, mitigation actions, bearingin mind different circumstances of developed and developing countriesAcknowledgingthe need to maintain consistency with the principles of theConvention,Emphasizingthe importance of contributing to sustainable development, includingthrough technology transfer and other co-benefits,Recognizingthe importance of enhancing sustainable lifestyles and patterns ofproduction and consumption,Aware ofthe need to provide incentives in support of low-emission developmentstrategies,80.Decidesto consider the establishment, at its seventeenth session, of one or moremarket-based mechanisms to enhance the cost-effectiveness of, and to promote, mitigation actions,taking into account the following:(a)Ensuring voluntary participation of Parties, supported by the promotion of fair andequitable access for all Parties;(b)Complementing other means of support for nationally appropriate mitigation actionsby developing country Parties;(c)(d)(e)Stimulating mitigation across broad segments of the economy;Safeguarding environmental integrity;Ensuring a net decrease and/or avoidance of global greenhouse gas emissions;

82.InvitesParties and accredited observer organizations to submit to the secretariat, by21 February 2011, their views on matters referred to in paragraph 81 above;83.Undertakes,in developing and implementing the mechanism or mechanismsreferred to in paragraph 80 above, to maintain and build upon existing mechanisms, includingthose established under the Kyoto Protocol;84.Decidesto consider the establishment, at its seventeenth session, of one or morenon-market-based mechanisms to enhance the cost-effectiveness of, and to promote, mitigationactions;85.Requeststhe Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under theConvention to elaborate the mechanism or mechanisms referred to in paragraph 84 above, with aview to recommending a draft decision or decisions to the Conference of the Parties forconsideration at its seventeenth session;86.InvitesParties and accredited observer organizations to submit to the secretariat, by21 February 2011, their views on matters referred to in paragraph 85 above;87.Also invitesParties and accredited observer organizations to submit to thesecretariat, by 21 February 2011, information on the evaluation of various approaches in enhancingthe cost-effectiveness of, and promoting, mitigation actions, including activities implementedjointly under Article 4, paragraph 2 (a), of the Convention and any other relevant activities, forsynthesis by the secretariat.

Reaffirmingthe importance of the objective of the Convention, and the relevantprinciples and provisions of the Convention related to economic and social consequences ofresponse measures, in particular its Articles 2, 3 and 4,Recognizingthat the implementation of response measures to mitigate climatechange taken by a Party may result in negative economic and social consequences for other Parties,and the need to take into consideration in the implementation of the commitments of theConvention the situation of Parties, particularly developing country Parties, with economies thatare vulnerable to the adverse impact of the implementation of measures to respond to climatechange, referred to in Article 4, paragraphs 8, 9 and 10, of the Convention,Affirmingthat responses to climate change should be coordinated with social andeconomic development in an integrated manner, with a view to avoiding adverse impacts on thelatter, taking fully into account the legitimate priority needs of developing country Parties for theachievement of sustained economic growth and the eradication of poverty, and the consequencesfor vulnerable groups, in particular women and children,Recognizingthe importance of avoiding or minimizing negative impacts of responsemeasures on social and economic sectors, promoting a just transition of the workforce, the creationof decent work and quality jobs in accordance with nationally defined development priorities andstrategies and contributing to building new capacity for both production and service-related jobs inall sectors, promoting economic growth and sustainable development,Taking noteof relevant provisions of the United Nations Declaration on the Rightsof Indigenous Peoples,88.UrgesParties, in the implementation of measures to mitigate climate change, to takeinto consideration the economic and social impacts of response measures and the needs of Parties,in particular developing country Parties, impacted by response measures, consistent with relevantprovisions of the Convention;

89.Also urgesdeveloped country Parties to strive to implement policies and measures torespond to climate change in such a way as to avoid negative social and economic consequencesfor developing country Parties, taking into account Article 3 of the Convention, and to assist theseParties in addressing such consequences by providing support, including financial resources,transfer of technology and capacity-building, in accordance with Article 4 of the Convention, tobuild up the resilience of societies and economies negatively affected by response measures;90.Reaffirmsthat the Parties should cooperate to promote a supportive and openinternational economic system that would lead to sustainable economic growth and development inall Parties, particularly developing country Parties, thus enabling them better to address theproblems of climate change; measures taken to combat climate change, including unilateral ones,should not constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination or a disguised restrictionon international trade;91.Agreesthat information relating to response measures should be considered in astructured manner in order to enhance the implementation of Article 4, paragraph 1(g) and (h), ofthe Convention, recognizing the needs of developing country Parties identified in Article 4,paragraphs 8, 9 and 10;92.Decidesthat Parties should cooperate fully to enhance understanding of economicand social consequences of response measures, taking into account the need for information fromthose affected, and evidence of actual impacts, and of both positive and negative effects; andfurther decidesto consider how existing channels, such as national communications, including thepossible submission of supplementary information, as considered by the Subsidiary Body forImplementation, could be improved and be built upon;93.Decidesto provide a forum on the impact of the implementation of responsemeasures, and to that end requests the Chairs of the SBSTA and the SBI to convene such a forumat the thirty-fourth and thirty-fifth sessions of these bodies, with the objective of developing a workprogramme under the subsidiary bodies to address these impacts, with a view to adopting, at theseventeenth session of the Conference of the Parties, modalities for the operationalization of thework programme and a possible forum on response measures;94.InvitesParties and relevant intergovernmental organizations to submit to thesecretariat, by 28 March 2011, their views on the issues referred to in paragraph 93 above forconsideration by the SBI and the SBSTA at the thirty-fourth sessions of the subsidiary bodies;

IV. Finance, technology and capacity-buildingA. FinanceFast-start finance95.Takes noteof the collective commitment by developed countries to provide new andadditional resources, including forestry and investments through international institutions,approaching USD 30 billion for the period 2010–2012, with a balanced allocation betweenadaptation and mitigation; funding for adaptation will be prioritized for the most vulnerabledeveloping countries, such as the least developed countries, small island developing States andAfrica;96.Invites,in order to enhance transparency, developed country Parties to submit to thesecretariat for compilation into an information document, by May 2011, 2012 and 2013,information on the resources provided to fulfil the commitment referred to in paragraph 95 above,including ways in which developing country Parties access these resources;Long-term finance14

97.Decidesthat, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Convention, scaled-up, new and additional, predictable and adequate funding shall be provided to developing countryParties, taking into account the urgent and immediate needs of developing countries that areparticularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change;98.Recognizesthat developed country Parties commit, in the context of meaningfulmitigation actions and transparency on implementation, to a goal of mobilizing jointly USD 100billion per year by 2020 to address the needs of developing countries;99.Agreesthat, in accordance with paragraph 1(e) of the Bali Action Plan, fundsprovided to developing country Parties may come from a wide variety of sources, public andprivate, bilateral and multilateral, including alternative sources;100.Decidesthat a significant share of new multilateral funding for adaptation shouldflow through the Green Climate Fund;101.Takes noteof the relevant reports on the financing needs and options formobilization of resources to address the needs of developing country Parties with regard to climatechange adaptation and mitigation, including the report of the High-level Advisory Group onClimate Change Financing;Green Climate Fund102.Decidesto establish a Green Climate Fund, to be designated as an operating entity ofthe financial mechanism of the Convention under Article 11, with arrangements to be concludedbetween the Conference of the Parties and the Green Climate Fund to ensure that it is accountableto and functions under the guidance of the Conference of the Parties, to support projects,programmes, policies and other activities in developing country Parties using thematic fundingwindows;103.Also decidesthat the Fund shall be governed by a board of 24 members comprisingan equal number of members from developing and developed country Parties; representation fromdeveloping country Parties shall include representatives from relevant United Nations regionalgroupings and representatives from small island developing States and the least developedcountries; each board member shall have an alternate member; alternate members are entitled toparticipate in the meetings of the board only through the principal member, without the right tovote, unless they are serving as the member; during the absence of the member from all or part ofthe meeting of the board, his or her alternate shall serve as the member;104.Further decidesthat the Green Climate Fund shall have a trustee; the trustee for theGreen Climate Fund shall have the administrative competence to manage the financial assets of theGreen Climate Fund, maintain appropriate financial records and prepare financial statements andother reports required by the Board of the Green Climate Fund, in accordance with internationallyaccepted fiduciary standards;105.The trustee shall administer the assets of the Green Climate Fund only for thepurpose of, and in accordance with, the relevant decisions of the Green Climate Fund Board. Thetrustee shall hold the assets of the Green Climate Fund separate and apart from the assets of thetrustee, but may commingle them for administrative and investment purposes with other assetsmaintained by the trustee. The trustee shall establish and maintain separate records and accounts toidentify the assets of the Green Climate Fund;106.Decidesthat the trustee shall be accountable to the Green Climate Fund Board forthe performance of its fiduciary responsibilities;107.Invitesthe World Bank to serve as the interim trustee of the Green Climate Fund,subject to a review three years after operationalization of the fund;

110.Invitesthe Executive Secretary of the secretariat, in consultation with the Presidentof the Conference of the Parties, to convene the initial meeting of the Transitional Committee, withmembers having the necessary experience and skills, notably in the area of finance and climatechange; the transitional committee meetings will be open to observers;111.Requeststhe secretariat, in consultation with President of the Conference of theParties, to make arrangements enabling relevant United Nations agencies, international financialinstitutions, and multilateral development banks, along with the secretariat and the GlobalEnvironment Facility, to second staff to support the work of the Transitional Committee for thedesign phase of the Green Climate Fund;Standing Committee112.Decidesto establish a Standing Committee under the Conference of the Parties toassist the Conference of the Parties in exercising its functions with respect to the financialmechanism of the Convention in terms of improving coherence and coordination in the delivery ofclimate change financing, rationalization of the financial mechanism, mobilization of financialresources and measurement, reporting and verification of support provided to developing countryParties; Parties agree to further define the roles and functions of this Standing Committee.

Recallingthe commitments under the Convention, in particular Article 4, paragraphs 1, 3, 5, 7, 8and 9,Confirmingthe importance of promoting and enhancing national and international cooperativeaction on the development and transfer of environmentally sound technologies to developingcountry Parties to support action on mitigation and adaptation now, up to and beyond 2012, inorder to achieve the ultimate objective of the Convention,Recognizingthat an early and rapid reduction in emissions and the urgent need to adapt to theadverse impacts of climate change require large-scale diffusion and transfer of, or access to,environmentally sound technologies,Stressingthe need for effective mechanisms, enhanced means, appropriate enabling environmentsand the removal of obstacles to the scaling up of the development and transfer of technology todeveloping country Parties,113.Decidesthat the objective of enhanced action on technology development andtransfer is to support action on mitigation and adaptation in order to achieve the fullimplementation of the Convention,

114.Also decidesthat, in pursuit of this objective, technology needs must be nationallydetermined, based on national circumstances and priorities,115.Further decidesto accelerate action consistent with international obligations, atdifferent stages of the technology cycle, including research and development, demonstration,deployment, diffusion and transfer of technology (hereinafter referred to as technologydevelopment and transfer) in support of action on mitigation and adaptation;116.EncouragesParties, in the context of Article 4, paragraphs 1(c) and 5, of theConvention and consistent with their respective capabilities and national circumstances andpriorities, to undertake domestic actions identified through country-driven approaches, to engage inbilateral and multilateral cooperative activities on technology development and transfer and toincrease private and public research, development and demonstration in relation to technology formitigation and adaptation;117.Decidesto establish a Technology Mechanism to facilitate the implementation ofactions for achieving the objective referred to in paragraphs 113–115 above, under the guidance ofand accountable to the Conference of the Parties, which will consist of the following components:(a)A Technology Executive Committee to undertake the functions contained inparagraph 121 below;(b)A Climate Technology Centre and Network to undertake the functions contained inparagraph 123 below;118.Also decidesthat the Technology Executive Committee and the Climate TechnologyCentre and Network, consistent with their respective functions, should facilitate the effectiveimplementation of the Technology Mechanism, under the guidance of the Conference of theParties;119.Further decidesthat the Technology Executive Committee shall further implementthe framework for meaningful and effective actions to enhance the implementation of Article 4,paragraph 5, of the Convention (technology transfer framework) adopted by decision 4/CP.7 andenhanced by decision 3/CP.13;120.Decidesthat priority areas that could be considered under the Convention mayinclude, inter alia:(a)Development and enhancement of endogenous capacities and technologies ofdeveloping country Parties, including cooperative research, development and demonstrationprogrammes;(b)Deployment and diffusion of environmentally sound technologies and know-how indeveloping country Parties;(c)Increased public and private investment in technology development, deployment,diffusion and transfer;(d)Deployment of soft and hard technologies for the implementation of adaptation andmitigation actions;(e)(f)(g)adaptation;121.Improved climate change observation systems and related information management;Strengthening of national systems of innovation and technology innovation centres;Development and implementation of national technology plans for mitigation andAlso decidesthat the functions of the Technology Executive Committee shall be to:

(b)Consider and recommend actions to promote technology development and transferin order to accelerate action on mitigation and adaptation;(c)Recommend guidance on policies and programme priorities related to technologydevelopment and transfer with special consideration given to the least developed country Parties;(d)Promote and facilitate collaboration on the development and transfer of technologyfor mitigation and adaptation between governments, the private sector, non-profit organizationsand academic and research communities;(e)Recommend actions to address the barriers to technology development and transferin order to enable enhanced action on mitigation and adaptation;(f)Seek cooperation with relevant international technology initiatives, stakeholders andorganizations, promote coherence and cooperation across technology activities, including activitiesunder and outside of the Convention;(g)Catalyse the development and use of technology road maps or action plans atinternational, regional and national levels through cooperation between relevant stakeholders,particularly governments and relevant organizations or bodies, including the development of bestpractice guidelines as facilitative tools for action on mitigation and adaptation;122.Further decidesthat the Technology Executive Committee shall have the mandateand composition as contained in annex IV;123.Decidesthat the Climate Technology Centre shall facilitate a Network of national,regional, sectoral and international technology networks, organizations and initiatives with a viewto engaging the participants of the Network effectively in the following functions:(a)At the request of a developing country Party:(i)Provide advice and support related to the identification of technology needs and theimplementation of environmentally sound technologies, practices and processes;(ii)Facilitate the provision of information, training and support for programmes to buildor strengthen developing country capacity to identify technology options, make technology choicesand operate, maintain and adapt technology;(iii)Facilitate prompt action on the deployment of existing technology in developingcountry Parties based on identified needs;(b)Stimulate and encourage, through collaboration with the private sector, publicinstitutions, academia and research institutions, the development and transfer of existing andemerging environmentally sound technologies, as well as opportunities for North–South, South–South and triangular technology cooperation;(c)Facilitate a Network of national, regional, sectoral and international technologycentres, networks, organization and initiatives with a view to:(i)Enhancing cooperation with national, regional and international technology centresand relevant national institutions;(ii)Facilitating international partnerships among public and private stakeholders toaccelerate the innovation and diffusion of environmentally sound technologies to developingcountry Parties;(iii)Providing, on request by a developing country Party, in-country technical assistanceand training to support identified technology actions in developing country Parties;(iv)Stimulating the establishment of twinning centre arrangements to promote North–South, South–South and triangular partnerships with a view to encouraging cooperative researchand development;18

(v)Identify, disseminate and assist with developing analytical tools, policies and bestpractices for country-driven planning to support the dissemination of environmentally soundtechnologies;(d)Performing other such activities as may be necessary to carry out its functions;124.Also decidesto terminate the mandate of the Expert Group on Technology Transferat the conclusion of the sixteenth session of the Conference of the Parties;125.Further decidesthat the Technology Executive Committee shall convene its firstmeeting as soon as practicable following the election of its members and elaborate its modalitiesand procedures taking into account the need to achieve coherence and maintain interactions withother relevant institutional arrangements under and outside of the Convention, for consideration bythe Conference of the Parties at its seventeenth session;126.Decidesthat the Technology Executive Committee and the Climate TechnologyCentre and Network shall report, on an interim basis9and without prejudice to the relationshipbetween the Technology Executive Committee and the Climate Technology Centre and Network asreferred to in paragraph 128 (a), below to the Conference of the Parties, through the subsidiarybodies, on their respective activities and the performance of their respective functions;127.Also decidesthat the Climate Technology Centre and Network and the TechnologyExecutive Committee shall relate so as to promote coherence and synergy;Work programme for the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action underthe Convention in 2011 on technology development and transfer128.Underlinesthe importance of continued dialogue among Parties in 2011 through theAd Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the Convention, including on thefollowing matters, with a view to the Conference of the Parties taking a decision at its seventeenthsession, in order to make the Technology Mechanism fully operational in 2012:(a)The relationship between the Technology Executive Committee and the ClimateTechnology Centre and Network, and their reporting lines;(b)The governance structure and terms of reference for the Climate Technology Centreand Network and how the Climate Technology Centre will relate to the Network, drawing upon theresults of the workshop referred to in paragraph 129 below;(c)The procedure for calls for proposals and the criteria to be used to evaluate andselect the host of the Climate Technology Centre and Network;(d)The potential links between the Technology Mechanism and the financialmechanism;(e)Consideration of additional functions for the Technology Executive Committee andthe Climate Technology Centre and Network;129.Requeststhe Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under theConvention to convene an expert workshop, in conjunction with one of its sessions in 2011, on thematters contained in paragraph 128 above, drawing upon the preliminary work undertaken by theExpert Group on Technology Transfer, and to report on the results of this workshop at that session;

Reaffirmingthat capacity-building is essential to enable developing country Parties to participatefully in addressing the climate change challenges, and to implement effectively their commitmentsunder the Convention,Recallingthe provisions related to capacity-building for developing country Parties contained inrelevant decisions adopted by the Conference of the Parties, especially decision 2/CP.7,Taking into accountthat the scope of capacity-building and related needs as contained in the annexto decision 2/CP.7 and the key factors identified in decision 2/CP.10 remain valid,Acknowledgingthat capacity-building is cross-cutting in nature and an integral part of enhancedaction on mitigation, adaptation, technology development and transfer, and access to financialresources,Also acknowledgingthat, in addition, there may be specific capacity-building activities that requiresupport to enable developing countries to undertake the enhanced implementation of theConvention,Reaffirmingthat capacity-building should be a continuous, progressive and iterative process that isparticipatory, country-driven and consistent with national priorities and circumstances,130.Decidesthat capacity-building support to developing country Parties should beenhanced with a view to strengthening endogenous capacities at the subnational, national orregional levels, as appropriate, taking into account gender aspects, to contribute to the achievementof the full, effective and sustained implementation of the Convention, through, inter alia:(a)Strengthening relevant institutions at various levels, including focal points andnational coordinating bodies and organizations;(b)Strengthening networks for the generation, sharing and management of informationand knowledge, including through North–South, South–South and triangular cooperation;(c)Strengthening climate change communication, education, training and publicawareness at all levels;(d)Strengthening integrated approaches and the participation of various stakeholders inrelevant social, economic and environmental policies and actions;(e)Supporting existing and emerging capacity-building needs identified in the areas ofmitigation, adaptation, technology development and transfer, and access to financial resources;131.Also decidesthat financial resources for enhanced action on capacity-building indeveloping country Parties should be provided by Parties included in Annex II to the Conventionand other Parties in a position to do so through the current and any future operating entities of thefinancial mechanism, as well as through various bilateral, regional and other multilateral channels,as appropriate;132.Encouragesdeveloped country Parties to continue to report through their nationalcommunications, in accordance with the “Guidelines for the preparation of nationalcommunications by Parties included in Annex I to the Convention, Part II: UNFCCC reportingguidelines on national communications”, on the support they have provided for capacity-buildingin developing country Parties;133.Invitesdeveloped country Parties in a position to do so to provide information,through annual submissions to the secretariat and other appropriate channels, on the support theyhave provided for capacity-building in developing country Parties;134.Encouragesdeveloping country Parties to continue to report through their nationalcommunications, in accordance with the “Guidelines for the preparation of national20

communications from Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention”, on progress made inenhancing capacity to address climate change, including on the use of the support received;135.Invitesdeveloping country Parties in a position to do so to provide information,through annual submissions to the secretariat and other appropriate channels, on progress made inenhancing capacity to address climate change, including on the use of the support received;136.Requeststhe Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under theConvention to consider ways to further enhance the monitoring and review of the effectiveness ofcapacity-building, for consideration by the Conference of the Parties at its seventeenth session;137.Also requeststhe Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action underthe Convention to further elaborate the modalities regarding institutional arrangements forcapacity-building, for consideration by the Conference of the Parties at its seventeenth session;

138.Decidesto periodically review the adequacy of the long-term global goal referred toin paragraph 4 above, in the light of the ultimate objective of the Convention, and overall progresstowards achieving it, in accordance with the relevant principles and provisions of the Convention;139.Also decidesthat:(a)This review should be guided by the principles of equity, common but differentiatedresponsibilities and respective capabilities and take into account, inter alia:•The best available scientific knowledge, including the assessment reports ofthe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change;•Observed impacts of climate change;•An assessment of the overall aggregated effect of the steps taken by Parties inorder to achieve the ultimate objective of the Convention;•Consideration of strengthening the long-term global goal, referencing variousmatters presented by the science, including in relation to temperature rises of 1.5�;(b)(c)The first review should start in 2013 and should be concluded by 2015;The Conference of the Parties shall take appropriate action based on the review;

141.Requeststhe Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under theConvention to continue consideration of these issues with a view to promoting access of the Partiesincluded in Annex I to the Convention undergoing the process of transition to a market economy totechnology, capacity-building and finance in order to enhance their ability to develop low-emissioneconomiesParties included in Annex I to the Convention whose special circumstances are recognized bythe Conference of the PartiesRecallingdecision 26/CP.7 that amended the list in Annex II to the Convention by deletingthe name of Turkey,Recallingdecision 26/CP.7 that invited Parties to recognize the special circumstances ofTurkey, which place Turkey in a situation different from that of other Parties included in Annex Ito the Convention,Recognizingthat Turkey is in a situation different from that of other Parties included inAnnex I to the Convention,Notingthat Turkey is not included in Annex II to the Convention and as such is not subjectto the commitments of Articles 4, paragraphs 3, 4 and 5, of the Convention and that Turkey iseligible for support under Article 4, paragraph 5, of the Convention,Taking noteof theFCCC/AWGLCA/2010/MISC.8,submissionfromTurkeycontainedindocument

VII. Extension of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-termCooperative Action143.Decidesto extend the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Actionunder the Convention for one year, to continue its work with a view to carry out the undertakingscontained in this decision and present the results to the Conference of the Parties for considerationat its seventeenth session;144.Requeststhe Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under theConvention to continue its work drawing on the documents under its consideration;145.Requeststhe Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action to continuediscussing legal options with the aim to complete an agreed outcome based on decision 1/CP.13(Bali Action Plan), the work done at the sixteenth session of the Conference of the Parties andproposals made by Parties under article 17 of the Convention;146.Requeststhe secretariat to make the necessary arrangements in accordance with anyguidance from the Bureau of the Conference of the Parties;

(b)Contribute to the fulfilment of the commitments set out in Article 4, paragraph 3, ofthe Convention;(c)Be country-driven and be considered options available to Parties;(d)Be consistent with the objective of environmental integrity and take into account themultiple functions of forests and other ecosystems;(e)Be undertaken in accordance with national development priorities, objectives andcircumstances and capabilities and should respect sovereignty;(f)Be consistent with Parties’ national sustainable development needs and goals;(g)Be implemented in the context of sustainable development and reducing poverty,while responding to climate change;(h)Be consistent with the adaptation needs of the country;(i)Be supported by adequate and predictable financial and technology support,including support for capacity-building;(j)(k)Be results-based;Promote sustainable management of forests;

2.When undertaking activities referred to in paragraph 70 of this decision, thefollowing safeguards should be promoted and supported:(a)Actions complement or are consistent with the objectives of national forestprogrammes and relevant international conventions and agreements;(b)Transparent and effective national forest governance structures, taking into accountnational legislation and sovereignty;(c)Respect for the knowledge and rights of indigenous peoples and members of localcommunities, by taking into account relevant international obligations, national circumstances andlaws, and noting that the United Nations General Assembly has adopted the United NationsDeclaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples;(d)The full and effective participation of relevant stakeholders, in particular, indigenouspeoples and local communities, in actions referred to in paragraphs 70 and 72 of this decision;(e)Actions are consistent with the conservation of natural forests and biologicaldiversity, ensuring that actions referred to in paragraph 70 of this decision are not used for theconversion of natural forests, but are instead used to incentivize the protection and conservation of

Annex IISubsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice work programme onpolicy approaches and positive incentives on issues relating to reducingemissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries;and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests andenhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countriesIn the development of its work programme, the SBSTA is requested to:(a)Identify land use, land-use change and forestry activities in developing countries, inparticular those that are linked to the drivers of deforestation and forest degradation, to identify theassociated methodological issues to estimate emissions and removals resulting from theseactivities, and to assess their potential contribution to the mitigation of climate change, and reporton the findings to the Conference of the Parties at its eighteenth session on the outcomes of thework referred to in this paragraph;(b)Develop modalities relating to paragraphs 71 (b) and (c), and guidance relating toparagraph 71 (d) of this decision, for consideration by the Conference of the Parties at itsseventeenth session;(c)Develop as necessary, modalities for measuring, reporting and verifyinganthropogenic forest-related emissions by sources and removals by sinks, forest carbon stocks,forest carbon stock and forest area changes resulting from the implementation of activities referredto in paragraph 70 of this decision, consistent with any guidance for measuring, reporting andverification of nationally appropriate mitigation actions by developing country Parties agreed bythe Conference of the Parties, taking into account methodological guidance in accordance withdecision 4/CP.15, for consideration by the Conference of the Parties at its seventeenth session;

Annex IVComposition and mandate of the Technology Executive Committee1.The Technology Executive Committee shall comprise 20 expert members, electedby the Conference of the Parties, serving in their personal capacity and nominated by Parties withthe aim of achieving fair and balanced representation, as follows:(a)Nine members from Parties included in Annex I to the Convention;(b)Three members from each of the three regions of the Parties not included in Annexone to the Convention (non-annex I Parties) namely Africa, Asia and the Pacific, and LatinAmerica and the Caribbean, one member from a small island developing State and one memberfrom a least developed country Party;2.The decisions will be taken according to the rule of consensus;3.Parties are encouraged to nominate senior experts with a view to achieving, withinthe membership of the Technology Executive Committee, an appropriate balance of technical,legal, policy, social development and financial expertise relevant to the development and transferof technology for adaptation and mitigation, taking into account the need to achieve gender balancein accordance with decision 36/CP.7;4.Members shall serve for a term of two years and shall be eligible to serve amaximum of two consecutive terms of office and that the following rules shall apply:(a)Half of the members shall be elected initially for a term of three years and half of themembers shall be elected for a term of two years;(b)Thereafter, the Conference of the Parties shall elect every year a member for a termof two years;(c)The members shall remain in office until their successors are elected;5.The Technology Executive Committee shall annually elect a chair and a vice-chairfrom among its members for a term of one year each, with one being a member from an Annex IParty and the other being a member from a non-Annex I Party; that the positions of chair and vice-chair shall alternate annually between a member from an Annex I Party and a member from a non-Annex I Party;6.If the chair is temporarily unable to fulfil the obligations of the office, the vice-chairshall serve as chair. In the absence of the chair and the vice-chair at a particular meeting, any othermember designated by the Technology Executive Committee shall temporarily serve as the chair ofthat meeting;7.If the chair or vice-chair is unable to complete the term of office, the TechnologyExecutive Committee shall elect a replacement to complete the term of office, taking into accountparagraph 5 above;8.If a member of the Technology Executive Committee resigns or is otherwise unableto complete the assigned term of office or to perform the functions of that office, the TechnologyExecutive Committee may decide, bearing in mind the proximity of the next session of theConference of the Parties, to appoint another member from the same constituency to replace thesaid member for the remainder of that member's mandate, in which case the appointment shallcount as one term;

9.The Technology Executive Committee, in performing its functions, should drawupon outside expertise, including the UNFCCC roster of experts and the Climate TechnologyCentre and Network, to provide advice, including as expert advisors at its meetings;10.The Technology Executive Committee should seek input from intergovernmentaland international organizations and the private sector and may seek input from civil society inundertaking its work. It may invite advisors drawn from relevant intergovernmental andinternational organizations as well as the private sector and civil society to participate in itsmeetings as expert advisors on specific issues as they arise;11.The meetings of the Technology Executive Committee shall be open to attendanceby accredited observer organizations, except where otherwise decided by the TechnologyExecutive Committee;12.Committee.The secretariat shall support and facilitate the work of the Technology Executive