Ministry of Foreign Affairs                                                                J.nr. 104.a.1.e.3.
Danida                                                                                       Â
                                                                                                       Styrelsens møde
                                                                                                den. 13. december 2006
                     Dagsordenens pkt. 10                           Â
EVALUATION PROGRAMME 2007-08
The general objective of Danida’s evaluation activities is to make a contribution to improving development cooperation by increasing insight into its processes and results. In this connection, the evaluations have two sub-objectives: organisational learning and accountability.
Organisational learning: Evaluations shall contribute to the improvement of development cooperation by collation, analysis and dissemination of experience from current and completed development activities. They shall seek the causes and explanations as to why activities succeed or fail to succeed and produce information to help improve relevance and effectiveness of future activities. The target group is Danida's management and staff, government authorities and other concerned parties in partner countries, stakeholders of a particular organisation under evaluation, and Danish and foreign development professionals.
Accountability: Further, evaluations shall provide parliamentarians and the general public in Denmark and partner countries with professional documentation for the use and results of development cooperation. They shall also contribute to a better understanding of development cooperation and of its potential and limitations as an instrument for economic and social change.
Both objectives must be satisfied in Danida’s evaluation activities, although individual evaluations must not necessarily fulfil both objectives to the same degree.
The Evaluation Policy states that the following types of evaluations should be reflected in the evaluation programme:
· Thematic evaluations of selected themes across sectors and countries (the aspect of gender equality in development cooperation, environmental aspects, human rights, hiv/aids, instiÂtutional capacity, private sector involvement, harmonisation);
· Modalities of development assistance (assistance through NGOs, mixed credits, budget support, project and programme support, emergency aid);
· Country programme evaluations, which include the combined Danish development assistance to the individual country. In coming years, evaluations of joint assistance strategies are expected to substitute Danish country programme evaluations;
· Sector programme evaluations, which cover one or more sectors in a programme country, or one sector in several programme countries. These evaluations are usually conducted together with other development partners, and led by the partner government;
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· Impact evaluations of ongoing or completed projects and programmes;
· Multilateral development cooperation. Evaluation of individual multilateral organisations will be replaced by assessments of their evaluation capacity.
As more and more Danish bilateral development assistance is being administered as sector programme support to the programme countries’ own sector programmes, and in close co-operation with other donors, it is desirable that an increasing number of evaluations are led by the programme countries and carried out jointly with other development partners. The harmonisation and alignment of evaluations is expected to reduce transaction costs in the partner countries inter alia by reducing the number of bilateral missions and avoiding overlapping activities.
Partnership with the programme countries must be fostered, in particular with respect to the country and sector programme evaluations. Establishing such a partnership requires an active effort to ensure joint ownership of the evaluations through joint planning, selection of evaluation teams and implementation of the evaluation. The preparation also involves clarifying the responsibilities between decentralised donor administrations and partner ministries as stakeholders and the evaluation departments responsible for independent evaluations. This generally requires longer time for consultations and preparation of evaluations. Combined with the statutory EU tender procedure this may result in evaluations lasting up to two years or more.
The above developments partly precede, partly are consequences of the Rome and Paris Declarations. By June 2006, the DAC Evaluation Network has issued Evaluation Quality Standards and Guidance for Managing Joint Evaluations. As a consequence, the Evaluation Policy (formulated in 1997) and the Evaluation Guidelines from 1999 (revised slightly in 2001) have been updated in 2006.
A group of seven donors: the Nordic + Group (Denmark, Norway, Sweden, FinÂland, Ireland, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom) has coordinated their evaluation planning as a concrete step in the direction of more joint evaluations. This has meant that half of the current evaluation programme is evaluations jointly with other donors.
The Evaluation Department will participate in relevant joint evaluations of individual sectors in the programme countries or in joint donor evaluations of multilateral organisations initiated within the framework of the DAC Evaluation Network. The programme takes into account the necessity of having sufficient capacity to take part in such activities that may not be planned at present.
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A coordinated reporting plan for cross-cutting issues and priority themes has been  decided upon. It implies that each of the current 15 issues and priority themes are subject to either a thematic review or an evaluation every 3-5 years. Unless an evaÂluÂation is programmed, a thematic review will be undertaken. The programme reflects the currently planned thematic evaluations, most of which are joint evaluations.
Based on consultations with embassies, home offices and development partners, the current Evaluation Programme reflects the strategic priorities of the Evaluation Department and covers ongoing, planned and potential evaluations. It may be adjusted according to changes with respect to demand and resources.
Thematic evaluations focus on issues of a general and crosscutting nature and will, in most cases, be carried out as joint evaluations with partner countries and other development partners. They will often be complementary to the thematic reviews carried out by BFT concerning crosscutting issues and priority themes in Danish development cooperation.
Evaluation follow-up studies
The 1993 â€Review of Evaluation in Danida†suggested that evaluations be conducÂted of the implementation of the recommendations contained in the evaluation reports. This means, in other words, that a systematic assessment will be carried out of whether in practice the recommendations are acted upon and have the desired effect on projects, programmes or policies. Two pilot studies – Roads in Ghana (2000/6) and Bangladesh Country Programme (1999/3) – were conducted in 2005 and two more are planned for 2006-07 – Vocational Training (2002/5) and Environment in Southeast Asia (2003/6). A synthesis will be prepared in 2007-08.
Harmonisation
In 2007 harmonisation efforts in Zambia will have advanced so far that there are plans to conduct a crosscutting thematic evaluation in co-operation with the other donors. The evaluation will be carried out jointly by Denmark, the Netherlands, Ireland, Norway, Sweden and UK under Dutch leadership in close cooperation with the Zambian authorities. One of the issues will be to assess the impact of harmonisation on the partner country administration. The evaluation will feed into the planned evaluation of the implementation of the Paris declaration.
Development effectiveness
Many bilateral and multilateral donors have carried out evaluations of their individual country programmes in recent years. Danida has conducted seven: Bolivia, Nicaragua and Vietnam in 2002, Burkina Faso in 2001, Zimbabwe in 2000 and Egypt and Bangladesh in 1999. All these evaluations have had difficulties in establishing a direct link between the assistance of the individual donor and the development of the country. On this background the OECD/DAC Network on Development Evaluation decided to try to evaluate the results of the total development assistance to development at country level. The evaluation will seek to assess the development assistance in a broader perspective, which also includes foreign direct investments, trade and migration. Preparations for the evaluation started in 2005. The evaluation, led by Sweden, will be coordinated as far as possible with the planned evaluation of the Paris declaration.
Evaluation of exit strategies and management
All of the Nordic countries have experienced whole country programmes being closed down. The termination of the co-operation can either be a planned phasing out over a lengthy period of time or the termination of co-operation at short notice. The joint Nordic evaluation is to uncover the strengths and weaknesses of the strategies that have been employed focussing on country level, when development co-operation has been terminated. The analysis is, in particular, to examine the way in which risk assessments and strategies relating to phasing out/termination have been incorporated in the planning and implementation of development cooperation activities. The evaluation, lead by Sweden with Norway, Denmark and the Netherlands as partners, is under preparation for implementation in 2007. A number of case countries have been selected (including India, South Africa, Botswana, Malawi, Eritrea, and possibly Kenya).
Good Governance: Citizens’ Voice and Accountability
Good governance is concerned with how citizens, public institutions, and leaders relate to each other, and whether these relationships lead to outcomes that reduce poverty. Good governance thus is a wide concept covering human rights, democratisation, rule of law, and public administration. A large body of research and experience has demonstrated that consultation and participation of citizens in the determination of policies and priorities, ‘voice’, can improve the commitment of government to reduce poverty and enhance the quality of aid and outcomes. Similarly, it is increasingly recognised that ‘accountability’, or the ability of citizens and the private sector to scrutinise public institutions and governments and to hold them to account is an important facet of good governance. A framework for a joint evaluation, led by United Kingdom, and including Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Norway, Switzerland and Sweden, of the ‘Citizens’ Voice and Accountability’ is being prepared to be followed by individual country case studies in 2007. Benin and Nepal are candidates for piloting of the evaluation, while i.a. Ghana, Tanzania and Uganda have been proposed for subsequent studies.
Support to the private sector in the sector programmes
In light of the significance of the business community within many sectors and on the basis of selected examples of support to the private sector within the framework of the sector programmes in, inter alia, water and sanitation and agriculture, the evaluation will compile experience to be utilised in developing future support in the area. The first phase has consisted of desk studies of relevant background material (programme and component descriptions, etc.) and interviews with MFA staff, while fieldwork could be carried out in a subsequent phase.
Evaluation of the Paris Declaration
The DAC Evaluation Network in cooperation with the Working Party on Aid effectiveness has initiated a joint evaluation of the implementation of the Paris Declaration. The evaluation will be prepared through a consultative process during the fall of 2006 and will comprise several partner country-led evaluations building on existing in-country structures and processes as well as evaluations of donors’ implementation of the Declaration with a view to prepare an initial report by the 2008 HLF and follow up studies in 2009. The evaluation involves most OECD/DAC members and several partner countries. Denmark leads.
HIV/AIDS
A joint Nordic+ initiative to be developed (Ireland leads)
MODALITIES IN DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION
These evaluations focus on modalities in development cooperation. Focus will be on pros and cons of different modalities in development cooperation, lessons learned about the conditions that are required for the different modalities to work, etc.
Analysis of Programme Completion Reports (PCR)
The Evaluation Department is responsible for the reception of the completion reports (PCRs) to be elaborated by all programme or project managers at the end of a programme/project phase and endorsed by the relevant Steering Committee. All reports are to be uploaded in the Programme Data Base (PDB) by the responsible desk officer. New Guidelines for Programme and Project Completion Reports, including an improved and simplified format, was introduced by 1 January 2006. An overview of the received PCRs and an analysis of the collected lessons learned and feedback is being prepared on a pilot-basis aiming at synthesising of experiences and developing a systematic knowledge sharing. The first analysis, based on PCRs received during 2006, will be available by the beginning of 2007.
Technical assistance (TA)
Based on the profound changes in development co-operation a Policy Paper on Technical Assistance in Danish Bilateral Aid was issued in February 2004 focussing on a new emphasis of harmonisation, partner ownership and alignment of the TA. The 2005 Paris Declaration of Aid Effectiveness has further enhanced the needs for harmonization and alignment of TA. The European Centre of Development Policy Management, ECDPM, has initiated an evaluation study of the provision of technical assistance personnel to analyse what we can learn from promising experiences. The evaluation study, which is supported by Denmark, Germany and Australia, and includes country case studies of TA in Mozambique, Vietnam and Solomon Islands, will include an assessment of the various types of technical assistance (Danida-recruited advisers, basket-funded joint TA, company advisers, etc.), and the options of pooling TA. The evaluation is to be completed by beginning of 2007.
Sector programme support was introduced as a new modality in Danish development cooperation in 1994. The modality has today almost totally replaced freestanding project aid in Danish bilateral development cooperation. However, no systematic assessment of the modality (its effectiveness, efficiency etc) has been carried out. A thematic assessment of the experiences from two generations of sector programme support will therefore be initiated. The themes to be investigated will include organisation, harmonisation, ownership, technical assistance and sector budget support. The evaluation will form a natural continuation of the ongoing/planned sector evaluations of water & sanitation, agriculture and health, and it will draw on country programme evaluations. As a first step in the process, a desk study summarising Danish and international experience with sector programming will be prepared to form the basis for a decision on whether a full-fledged evaluation should be carried out. The evaluation should preferably be carried out as a joint exercise with other development partners applying sector-wide approaches and should make extensive use of existing documentation and networks on sector-wide approaches.
Country programme evaluations can be carried out either as Danish/partner country evaluations of the Danish development cooperation with a particular country – or they may, in future, be part of joint evaluations of Joint Assistance Strategies and the effect of these programmes on the development of a particular country.
During 2004-2005 the Evaluation Department developed a new approach to country programme evaluations. This approach has been tested in Uganda and will be applied in subsequent programme country evaluations during the coming years.
Ghana
The current Danish Ghana country strategy covers the period 2004-08. It is planned that the next country strategy will be part of a joint assistance strategy, currently being drafted. Ghana was selected as a partner country in 1989, however, the Danish Ghana country programme since then has not yet been evaluated in its totality. An evaluation of the Danish Ghana country programme since 1990 is planned for implementation in 2007 providing an input to the strategy process by the end of the year. The evaluation will focus on framework conditions and the strategic approach of the Danish support, especially in relation to the poverty reduction strategy, the crosscutting issues and the decentralisation reform. Furthermore, harmonisation, complementarities and financing modalities will be central issues.
Benin
Benin has been a Danish programme country since 1992. In 2001, an evaluation of the country programme was initiated, but not completed. The current Danish partnership strategy (2004-08) is closely linked to Benin’s national poverty reduction strategy. An evaluation of the country programme will take place in 2007 in order to collect experiences from the cooperation for the revision of the country strategy in 2008. It is expected that the evaluation will be implemented in close collaboration with Benin’s Observatory for Social Change.
Tanzania
Mozambique
Mozambique is the third-largest recipient of Danish development cooperation (DKK 405 million in 2004). No country programme evaluation has yet been carried out. The latest Danish country strategy ended in 2004, and a joint assistance strategy linking up with the national poverty reduction strategy PARPA II for 2006-2011 is currently being negotiated. An evaluation of the development co-operation is tentatively planned for 2007-08.
Bhutan
The current country strategy for Bhutan (2003-07) anticipates that Danish cooperation will gradually be adjusted as Bhutan, as a result of the development in the hydropower sector will be in a position to cover an increasingly larger part of development costs. As part of the preparation for the final support phase, a capacity development evaluation of a number of key Bhutanese organisations was carried out during the first half of 2006 in collaboration with the Bhutanese Planning Commission Secretariat (PCS). Moreover, the initial evaluation of the current stage of capacity development of the key supported organisations is to facilitate subsequent evaluations of the main country programme after the completion of the phasing-out of the sector support programmes (expected in 2007/08), and at the final end of the country programme (tentatively in 2012), with a focus on changes in outcomes.
Evaluations at sector level may focus either on interventions in a particular sector in one country involving both the partner country and other development partners active in the sector – or they may focus on efforts within a particular sector in selected countries.
Approximately 10 per cent of bilateral development assistance is granted for drinking water and sanitation. The evaluation has equal focus on the ability of the sector to supply different population groups with relevant and cost-efficient services, and on Danish efforts within the sector. The cross-cutting themes in development assistance such as gender and environment will be especially examined. The evaluation was initiated in the middle of 2004, and should have been completed in 2006. The country studies (covering seven different countries, i.e. Bangladesh, Benin, Burkina Faso, Egypt, Ghana, Uganda and Vietnam) have been completed, whereas the synthesis report is considerably delayed, as initial drafts did not meet required quality standards.
Agriculture sector programme in Mozambique
The first phase of the national agriculture sector programme PROAGRI I, managed by the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries in Mozambique, has been supported by many donors, including the World Bank, EU and Danida, since its inception in 2000. Denmark has through the Agriculture Sector Programme, ASPS, supported the implementation of PROAGRI, capacity development at the national level, but also service delivery at provincial level in Tete, Manica and Cabo Delgado. A Government-led joint evaluation of PROAGRI is being implemented in 2006, and Danida is supporting the evaluation with advice and funding. The report is expected early in 2007.
The development partners have supported Tanzania’s health sector for several decades, the last eight years as sector programme support through a sector-wide approach and a large proportion of funds are channelled via sector basket arrangements. For that reason it has been agreed to conduct a joint evaluation of the performance of the health sector during the period 1999-2006. The outcome of the evaluation will be an important element in the formulation of the 3rd Third Health Sector Strategic Plan, 2008-15. The evaluation will be carried out between December 2006 and September 2007 by COWI, Goss Gilroy (Canada) and EPOS (D).
Transport Sector
Danish support to the transport sector, primarily the road sub sector, has for many years been around 10 per cent of bilateral assistance. An evaluation to assess the overall results, effectiveness and efficiency is scheduled for 2007-08. This evaluation will be designed in parallel with the planned impact evaluation of rural roads (see below).
Local Governance
Local governance systems of decentralisation have been nationally initiated and developed in most of Denmark’s partner countries. Since 1996, about 10 Danish-funÂded local government support programmes have been implemented. Although not a sector by itself decentralisation or devolution of functions, responsibilities and resources have profound implications across all sectors. Key outcome questions are related to improved service delivery, accountability and development of local democracy. An evaluation of the support to local governance,) is planned for imÂplementation through 2008-09. Preferably this should be a joint evaluation in a specific partner country (e.g. Ghana).
Education, Benin
The sector-wide approach is only gradually being developed within education in Benin. Denmark has prioritised support to primary schools, in particular to girls in the rural areas, during 2004-08. A joint evaluation to be carried out in 2008 has tentatively been agreed.
Impact evaluations are meant to document the (long-term) impact of substantial development projects or programmes in which Denmark has played a key role.
The HIMA programme has focussed on improved agricultural practices (including soil conservation), environment and good governance in Iringa region in Tanzania. The main objective of the evaluation is to assess HIMA’s impact on the livelihoods and the poverty situation in the HIMA villages in Iringa Region. The evaluation will concentrate the impact assessments on interventions carried out under HIMA auspices between 1995 and 2002. The fieldwork was carried out in the 4th quarter of 2006 and the final evaluation report is expected in June 2007.
Aquaculture Projects, Bangladesh
From 1989 to today Danida’s support for the three main aquaculture extension interventions in Bangladesh amounts to nearly DKK 145 million and has reached approximately 200,000 households. The purpose of the evaluation is to measure the impact of the interventions on people’s socio-economic position and physical well being: Has there been a change in people’s income, living standards and women’s empowerment amongst beneficiaries of the three components and crucially, can any such changes be attributed to the interventions? The fieldwork will be carried out in early 2007 and the final evaluation report is expected in September 2007.
Rural roads
Denmark is supporting investment and maintenance in the transport sector (or in other sector programme support like agriculture SPS) in at least seven programme countries (Bangladesh, Benin, Ghana, Nicaragua, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia). In many programmes, the key focus is on rural roads at the district and community levels. Rural roads are keys to local economic and social development. Moreover, good methodologies for impact assessment are available. Impact study of support to rural roads in a selected country (where baseline data exists)Â is considered to be on the evaluation programme for 2007-08. The study will also provide an input to the planned Transport Sector evaluation.
MULTILATERAL COOPERATION
In line with international thinking, evaluations in this field will mainly be focussed on assessments of the capacity of individual multilateral organisations to evaluate their own activities. Such evaluations may, however, be supplemented by sample evaluations of multilateral organisations of particular interest to the international community.
EU development assistance
Coordination, complementarity and coherence have been fundamental elements of EU development assistance since the Maastricht Treaty. On the initiative of the Netherlands, a joint EU evaluation of these aspects has been initiated. The evaluation is headed by Sweden. The preparations made slow progress, as it proved difficult to delimit the evaluation. A second pilot study was initiated in September 2003. Based on this, six studies have been initiated of EU’s external relations, participation in the global dialogue, development assistance priorities and country programming. Three has so far been finalized:
· The treaty of Maastricht and Europe’s Development Co-operation
· EU mechanisms that promote coherence for development (A scooping study)
· Evaluating co-ordination and complementarity of country strategy papers with national development priorities.
In the course of the last decade, a number of multilateral organisations have been evaluated, frequently in the form of co-operation between several donors. While this type of evaluation has proved to be costly and time-consuming, nevertheless the evaluations have provided insight into the organisations in questions, including the development impact of their activities. However, the multilateral organisations should themselves be in a position to supply relevant and reliable documentation concerning their efforts. The quality and independence of the multilateral organisations’ evaluation units and the scope and quality of their products are a crucial precondition for bilateral donors fulfilling their monitoring duty on the basis of the organisations’ own evaluations, supplemented, if necessary, by sampling evaluations by donors. A pilot study – headed by Denmark – was carried out in 2004. Subsequently the quality of the evaluation capacity of UNDP was assessed in 2005 by Denmark, Netherlands and UK, and an assessment of UNICEF completed in 2006 by Canada, Ireland and Norway. Potentially WFP and GEF will be assessed in 2007.
UNHCR
Denmark is together with United Kingdom and Canada preparing a joint organisation strategy for UNHCR covering 2007-09, aligning with the organisation’s global strategic objectives and corporate plan. The development partners participating in the joint strategy intend to jointly evaluate the performance of UNHCR against the organisation strategy at the end of 2009.
IDEAS FOR FUTURE EVALUATIONS
Synergy between bilateral and multilateral development cooperation
In spite of the increased focus on harmonisation and alignment with national development strategies, bilateral and multilateral development agencies tend to be operating very much as separate entities. Efforts have been made to improve the links e.g. through development of Joint Assistance Strategies in some countries. Ensuring a higher degree of synergy between the bilateral development efforts and the work of multilateral agencies, however, remains a key challenge. As an input to this work, a thematic evaluation of experience with development of synergy between bilateral and multilateral development cooperation is proposed. The evaluation should preferably be carried out as a joint exercise between a number of bilateral and multilateral agencies and with a high degree of involvement of partner countries.
Research
Development depends to a large extent on the efficient use of knowledge created by researchers in various fields. Capacity development in research has therefore been an area of intervention for many years in development cooperation. The modalities for capacity development and support to research within (Danish) development cooperation, however, have changed considerably over the years and little is known about the effectiveness of the new modalities (linked closely to sector programme support). For this reason an evaluation of experience with funding of research activities related to development cooperation is proposed. Experience from other development agencies should be utilized in the evaluation and if possible the evaluation could be carried out as a joint evaluation with other development agencies.
Watershed management
An evaluation of watershed management has been suggested to supplement the ongoing HIMA impact evaluation. The evaluation should at least cover the projects in India where development of national policies has taken place parallel to the implementation process.
Dairy sector development in Bolivia
The support to dairy development in Bolivia has been ongoing for almost 30 years and there are many lessons to be learned which are useful in the context of business- oriented development. If sufficient baseline data exists the evaluation should be carried out as an impact evaluation.
Conflict prevention and peace building activities
The international community, in partnership with local groups, has responded in various ways to prevent conflict and build peace. Impressive successes in some places are counterbalanced by failures in others. Led by Norway, a joint approach to DAC guidance for evaluating conflict prevention and peace building activities is under development.
Country programmes in Nicaragua, Kenya and Nepal
A number of specific Danish country programmes has not yet been evaluated, or inÂcluded in the planned evaluations for 2007-08. Thus, evaluations of the Nicaragua, Kenya, and Nepal country programmes are in the future pipeline. The Zambia counÂÂÂtry programme is envisaged to be part of the thematic evaluation of harmonisation.
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Summary Evaluation Programme 2007/08Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Annex 1
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Year/quarter |
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Start |
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End |
Status |
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Thematic |
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05/1 |
- |
07/4 |
Ongoing |
Evaluation follow-up studies |
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‘ |
05/1 |
- |
08/1 |
Prep. |
Harmonisation (Joint, NL leads in Zambia) |
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‘ |
05/2 |
- |
|
Prep. |
Development effectiveness (Joint, Sweden leads) |
|
‘ |
05/4 |
- |
07/4 |
Ongoing |
Exit strategies (Joint, Sweden leads) |
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‘ |
06/2 |
- |
07/4 |
Ongoing |
Good Governance/Voice & Accountab. (Joint, UK leads) |
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06/4 |
- |
07/4 |
Ongoing |
Private sector involvement in sector programmes |
|
‘ |
06/4 |
- |
09/2 |
Prep. |
Evaluation of the Paris Declaration (Joint, DK leads) |
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‘ |
07/ |
- |
07/ |
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HIV/AIDS (Joint, Ireland leads) |
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Modalities in development cooperation |
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06/2 |
- |
07/2 |
Ongoing |
Programme Completion Report analysis |
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‘ |
06/4 |
- |
07/2 |
On-going |
Technical Assistance (Joint, ECDPM-study) |
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07/2 |
- |
08/2 |
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Sector Programme Support |
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Country programmes |
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06/4 |
- |
08/1 |
Prep. |
Ghana |
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06/4 |
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08/1 |
Prep. |
Benin |
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07/1 |
- |
08/2 |
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Tanzania |
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07/3 |
- |
08/4 |
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Mozambique |
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07/4 |
- |
08/4 |
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Bhutan |
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Sectors |
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03/3 |
- |
07/1 |
Ongoing |
Water supply and sanitation programmes |
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‘ |
06/1 |
- |
07/1 |
On-going |
Agriculture, Mozambique (Joint, GoM leads) |
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‘ |
06/3 |
- |
07/3 |
Ongoing |
Health Sector in Tanzania (Joint, GoT leads) |
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07/3 |
- |
08/4 |
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Transport Sector |
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‘ |
07/4 |
- |
08/4 |
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Local Governance (Joint?, Ghana?) |
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‘ |
07/ |
- |
08/ |
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Education, Benin (Joint) |
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Impact evaluations |
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04/4 |
- |
07/2 |
Ongoing. |
HIMA (agriculture, environment, governance), Tanzania |
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06/1 |
- |
07/3 |
Ongoing |
Aquaculture, Bangladesh |
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07/1 |
- |
08/2 |
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Rural Roads |
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Multilateral |
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‘ |
01/4 |
- |
06/4 |
Ongoing |
EU development assistance: Coordination/complemenÂtarity/coherence (Joint, Sweden leads) |
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‘ |
07/1 |
- |
07/4 |
Ongoing |
The evaluation capacity of multilateral organisations, (Joint |
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‘ |
09 |
- |
09 |
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UNHCR Joint Strategy (CAN/DK/UK) |