DEFENCE AND SECURITY 253 DSC 05 E Original: English NAT O   Pa rl ia me n ta ry  As s e mb l y SUMMARY of the meeting of the Defence and Security Committee Landstingssalen, Folketinget, Copenhagen, Denmark Saturday 12 and Sunday 13 November 2005 International Secretariat November 2005

253 DSC 05 E i ATTENDANCE LIST Chairman Joel Hefley (United States) Vice-Chairman Franco Angioni (Italy) General Rapporteur Julio Miranda-Calha (Portugal) Chairman, Sub-Committee on Transatlantic Defence and Security Co-operation Sven Mikser (Estonia) Acting Rapporteur, Sub-Committee on Transatlantic Defence and Security Co-operation Ellen Tauscher (United States) Chairman and Acting Rapporteur, Sub-Committee on Future Security and Defence Capabilities Vahit Erdem (Turkey) President of the NATO PA Pierre Lellouche (France) Secretary General of the NATO PA Simon Lunn Member Delegations Belgium Daniel Bacquelaine Théo Kelchtermans François Roelants du Vivier Bulgaria Nikolai Kamov Yani Yanev Canada Joseph A. Day Czech Republic Antonin Seda Milos Titz Denmark Helge Adam Mø ller France Jean-Guy Branger Paulette Brisepierre Philippe Vitel Germany Uwe Karl Beckmeyer Helga Daub Monika Heubaum Robert Hochbaum Gerd Höfer Thomas Kossendey Ursula Mogg Winfried Nachtwei Hans Raidel Helmut Rauber Kurt Rossmanith Thomas Röwekamp Andreas Weigel Greece Georgios Kalantzis Andreas Likourentzos Andreas Loverdos Hungary Istvan Simicsko

253 DSC 05 E ii Iceland Magnus Stefansson Italy Giovanni Lorenzo Forcieri Furio Gubetti Mario Palombo Latvia Juris Dalbins Dzintars Rasnacs Luxembourg Marc Spautz Fred Sunnen Netherlands Willem Hoekzema Tiny Kox Norway Sverre Myrli Per Ove Width Poland Jerzy Wenderlich Zbyszek Zaborowski Portugal Manuel Filipe Correia de Jesus Jorge Neto Romania Eduard Raul Hellvig Ioan Mircea Pascu Attila Verestóy Slovakia Jozef Bucek György Juhasz Slovenia Franc Kangler Spain Jesus Cuadrado Jordi Marsal Alejandro Muñoz-Alonso Turkey Muharrem Karsli Mehmet Nessar Ramazan Toprak United Kingdom Sir Menzies Campbell Frank Cook David Crausby Jimmy Hood Sir John Stanley Peter Viggers United States Wayne Allard Dan Burton Dennis Moore Mike Ross Jeff Sessions John Tanner Tom Udall Associate delegations Armenia Artur Petrosyan Austria Reinhard Eugen Bösch Croatia Krešimir Cosi Marin Jurjevic Velimir Plesa Finland Kauko Juhantalo Suvi-Anne Siimes Russian Federation Vasiliy Klyuchenok Victor Zavarzin

253 DSC 05 E iii Sweden Peter Jonsson Allan Widman Switzerland Edi Engelberger the FYR of Macedonia^* Slobodan Casule Esad Rahic Ukraine Oleksander Kuzmuk Georgii Manchulenko Oleg Zarubinskyi Mediterranean Associate Delegations Algeria Mostefa Chelloufi European Parliament Angelika Beer Ana Maria Gomes Pawel Piskorski Teresa Riera Madurell Parliamentary Observers Japan Asahiko Mihara Masataka Suzuki Serbia and Montenegro Aleksandar Zuric Speakers Robert     Bell,     Senior     Vice     President,     Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) Minister    Hikmet    Çetin,    NATO    Senior    Civilian Representative in Afghanistan H.E.  Mr  Kai  Eide,  Former  Special  Envoy  of  the  UN Secretary   General   to   Kosovo   and   Permanent Representative of Norway to NATO General   Hans   Jesper   Helsø,   Chief   of   Defence (Denmark) Dick Zandee, Head Planning & Policy Unit, European Defence Agency Committee Secretary Sylvia Hartleif International Secretariat Zachary Selden, director Valérie Geffroy, co-ordinator Jennifer Wethey, research assistant * Turkey recognises the Republic of Macedonia with its constitutional name.

253 DSC 05 E 1 A. GUEST SPEAKERS 1. Minister  Hikmet  Çetin  ,  NATO  Senior  Civilian  Representative  in  Afghanistan  provided  an election  update,  a  brief  on  the  current  political,  security  and  socio-economic  situation,  and  an evaluation of the post-war period and NATO’s role.  He said that the elections were successful and Afghanistan   President  Hamid   Karzai   is   expected  to   have   considerable   support   in  the   new parliament.  It will be a parliament composed of various elements - not all of them desirable - but it will  be  representative  of  the  country.  Although  progress  has  been  made  in  strengthening  state institutions and enhancing the security and prosperity of the Afghan people, there is much room for bolstering  these  efforts.    The  Provisional  Reconstruction  Teams  (PRTs)  will  be  essential,  and NATO  should  continue  to  play  a  lead  role.    Minister  Çetin  emphasized  that  synergy  is  nee ded between  ISAF  and  NATO,  and  PRTs  should  be  standardized  and  expanded.    He  concluded  by reminding the committee members that investing the necessary resources and time in Afghanistan is an essential contribution to their own security. 2. Helmut   Rauber   (DE)  expressed  concern  about  opium  production  in  Afghanistan,  and inquired  about  the  current  counter-narcotic  efforts.    Minister  Çetin  responded  by  stressing  that Afghanistan  cannot  be  stabilized  without  serious  counter-narcotic  efforts.    US  Ambassador  to NATO,   Victoria   Nuland,   emphasized   the   US   support   for   expanding   NATO   operations   in Afghanistan.  She pointed out that Afghans are also in favour of a larger presence.  She stated that Afghanistan is a test of NATO’s military capability to deploy out of area and play a range of roles in stabilizing emerging democracies.   3. Esad  Rahic (the FYR of Macedonia) noted that his country also confronts problems related to   drug   trafficking,   and   that   concerted   solutions   are   needed   for   this   common   problem. Victor Zavarzin  (RU)  affirmed  that  Russia  will  continue  to  contribute  to  the  development  of Afghanistan.  He stressed the need to combine and accelerate efforts to counter drug trafficking.   Russia  and  the  United  States  are  sharing  intelligence,  and  Russia  is  happy  to  continue  this cooperation. In response, Minister Çetin stressed the importance of improving the capability of the Afghanistan’s  police  force.    Sixty  percent  of  the  force  is  illiterate,  and  Afghan  National  Army personnel are paid considerably more than the police.   4. Jeff Sessions (US) emphasized that economic growth is the key to success in Afghanistan, but  military  contributions  remain  crucial  to  securing  some  regions  and  cementing  the  progress made  so  far.    National  caveats  are  a  serious  problem  in  this  regard,  especially  if  they  prevent national  contingents  from  playing  an  active  military  role  as  NATO  forces  move  to  the  south  of Afghanistan. 5. Ambassador Kai  Eide, former Special Envoy of the UN Secretary General to Kosovo and Permanent Representative of Norway to NATO, discussed the findings of his recent report on the situation  in  Kosovo.    He  expressed  grave  concerns  about  the  protection  of  minority  rights  in Kosovo and noted the mixed record of institutional development in the region.  The judicial system, law enforcement and the protection of property rights are the most seriously flawed. 6. Despite  insufficient  progress,  he  affirmed  that  status  talks  must  move  ahead.  The  political process that started last year established expectations - waiting will not improve the situation.  The international  community  should  demonstrate  patience  as  the  status  talks  move  ahead.    The  EU should have the main responsibility, rather than the UN, because of its regional leadership position.   It should not, however, control the military presence.  The United States must remain politically and militarily engaged as it enjoys the confidence of the population.  As talks on status move ahead, however, standards must not be forgotten.      

253 DSC 05 E 2 7. Angelika   Beer  (European  Parliament)  expressed  concern  about  the  Kosovo  Protection Corps  (KPC)  and  criticized  the  UN  mission’s  performance.    She  questioned  the  possibility  of  a mutually  acceptable  solution.    Esad  Rahic  underlined  Kosovo’s  economic  troubles  and  the ineffectiveness of aid delivered so far. He said that Kosovo’s political leaders refused to engage in border negotiations because there is no status agreement. Ambassador Eide shared his concern that this problem could become entrenched if tensions escalate during the negotiations.   8. Andreas  Loverdos  (GR)  asked  Ambassador  Eide  to  elaborate  on  the  expression  often heard in Serbia that Kosovo should be granted “more than autonomy but less than independence.” Ambassador Eide cautioned against demanding details about proposed solutions now because it could push both sides into inflexible positions.  Regarding independence, Ambassador Eide argued that  it  is  not  impossible  but  the  precedent  it  sets  will  create  a  very  dangerous  situation  in  the region.   9. Jorge  Neto (PT) expressed concern about Serb national pride and historical memory being a  huge  barrier  to  solving  the  Kosovo  problem,  and  criticized  the  Serb  formula  of  “more  than autonomy   but   less   than   independence”   as   diplomatically   acceptable   way   of   saying   no   to independence.   10. Ioan  Pascu  (RO)  commented  that  Kosovo  is  a  zero-sum  problem  because  it  is  hard  to convince  either  side  that  they  will  be  satisfied  with  a  compromise  solution.  Victor  Zavarzin welcomed Ambassador Eide’s remarks, which placed a high value on the cohesion of the Contact Group.  He argued that the UN, rather than the EU, should play a lead role in Kosovo during the implementation phase of the agreement.  He asserted that Kosovo should not be recognized as an independent state as this would set a dangerous precedent.   11. Robert  Bell,  Senior  Vice-President  of  SAIC,  discussed  some  of  the  issues  surrounding NATO  common  budgets.    NATO  has  three  common  budgets  –  the  Military  Budget,  Security Investment Programme, and the Civil Budget.  NATO common funding is 0,3´% of total defence spending  of  the  26  NATO  Allies.  He  elaborated on  several  proposals  under  discussion  and  was supportive of the committee resolution on common funding. 12. General Hans Jesper  Helsø  , Chief of Defence of Denmark, spoke on the deployments and transformation of the Danish Armed Forces.  Denmark’s main deployments are to Kosovo, Sudan, Afghanistan and Iraq.  Those deployments demonstrate the range of Denmark’s capabilities from peacekeeping  to  combat  operations.    Transformation  of the  Danish  military  started from  a  blank slate  and  had  to  overcome  some  initial  resistance  from  the  military.    Denmark  decided  against building specialized forces because it wants to retain the ability to deploy independently.  After one and  a  half  years  of  discussion,  Denmark’s  military  transformation  is  now  in  the  implementation phase and it has doubled the size of the force it can deploy at any one time. 13. Frank    Cook   (UK)   ask   about   the   political   commitment   in   Denmark   to   sustain   the transformation  of  its  military.  Willem  Hoekzema  (NL)  inquired  about  Denmark’s  position  on national  caveats.  Thomas  Kossendey  (DE)  asked  about  the  use  of  outsourcing  in  the  Danish military.  General  Helsø  replied  that  all  political  parties  agree  on  the  direction  of  the  military transformation project so it is unlikely to be changed.  He also noted that national caveats are the result  of  political,  not  military  considerations.    General  Helsø  was  skeptical  about  the  use  of outsourcing as a way to reduce costs. 14. Dick   Zandee,  Head  of  Planning  and  Policy  at  the  European  Defence  Agency  (EDA) presented  an  overview  of  the  EDA.    The  EDA  concept  is  to  build  coherence  among  European experts, industries and militaries on defence planning issues; serve as catalysts for change, reform and  restructure;  and  act  as  an  instrument  of  political  will.    It  seeks  to  eliminate  duplication  and facilitate   coordination   of   efforts.  This   year  the   EDA   had   two   notable   accomplishments.     It

253 DSC 05 E 3 developed a code of conduct for the use of so-called “296 exclusions” invoked by member states to protect national defence industries. It also helped to coordinate the airlift capabilities enhancement process.  In the coming year, the EDA plans to focus on air and sealift capabilities. 15. Ana  Maria  Gomes  (European  Parliament)  applauded  EDA’s  role  and  progress  thus  far, emphasizing  the  European  Parliament’s  agreement  with  the  EDA  mission.    She  supported  the code  of  conduct  formulated  by  the  EDA  and  recommended  that  it  become  legally  binding.   Tiny Kox   (NL)  expressed  concern  about  the  extent  to  which  EDA  is  fostering  a  European competitor to NATO.  Mr Zandee replied that the intention is to build needed capabilities and that this will help both the EU and NATO. B. REPORTS 16. In  his  presentation  of  the  draft  General  Report  NATO’s  Out  of  Areas  Operations, General Rapporteur Julio Miranda-Calha (PT) focused on two key issues– national caveats and common funding.   He also noted the progress made in stabilizing Afghanistan, but he also cautioned that it would require a sustained commitment for many years to ensure that this progress is entrenched. 17. Tiny Kox expressed his concern about the dangers of making Afghanistan a test case for the Alliance.    Jean-Guy  Branger  (FR)  commented  on  the  importance  of  reinforcing  the  synergy  of ISAF   and   Operation   Enduring   Freedom   (OEF),   while   also   pointing   out   the   importance   of distinguishing between the two operations. He argued against NATO taking on more of a combat role  Afghanistan,  and  deemed  national  caveats  unavoidable.    He  was  also  concerned  about  the modalities of increasing common funding and the danger that it could be seen as a way for some members to avoid their national responsibilities.  Winfried Nachtwei (DE) noted Germany’s recent decision  to  continue  contributing  to  OEF.    He  said  that  NATO  and  ISAF  operations  were  both necessary and dependant on each other.   18. Sven Mikser (EE) praised the logic of the common funding proposal, but said it would hinder NATO’s  ability  to  operate  by  making  consensus  more  difficult.    Jeff  Sessions  proposed  that members of the Alliance consider eliminating national caveats. Kresimir Cosic (HR) expressed his concern over the demand for heroin in Europe that fuels the production of drugs in Afghanistan.   He  proposed  confronting  the  problem  on  both  the  supply  and  demand  sides  by  strengthening border control and surveillance mechanisms, while at the same time minimizing production. 19. The draft General Report [168 DSC 05 E] was adopted. 20. Ellen   Tauscher  (US)  introduced  the  draft  Report,  Progress  on  the  Prague  Capabilities Commitment by John Shimkus (US).  Much of the concern over the PCC is driven by the gap in capabilities  between  the  United  States  and  other  members  of  the  Alliance,  but  there  is  some evidence that European capabilities are improving.  Much progress has been made in strategic lift, with fifteen NATO countries involved in upgrading their airlift capabilities.  She also highlighted a transatlantic project that enhances ground surveillance capabilities.  Progress was also mentioned on  improving  Command,  Control,  Communications,  Computers,  Intelligence,  Surveillance  and Reconnaissance (C4ISR).  Reform of defence spending is needed.  She criticized members of the alliance for spending too much on personnel and not enough on equipment, training and research.   She  urged  member  countries  to  find  ways  to  better  use  existing  financial  resources  through specialization, better cooperation and more pooling of resources. 20. The draft Report [170 DSCTC 05 E] was adopted. 21. Vahit   Erdem   (TR)   Chairman   of   the   Subcommittee   on   Future   Security   And   Defence Capabilities presented the draft Report, NATO’s Ongoing Role in Balkan Security.  He emphasized

253 DSC 05 E 4 the importance of the region to European security and stressed the importance of moving forward on negotiations on the status of Kosovo.  At the same time he also criticized the lack of progress on many issues in Kosovo and reminded members of the need for continued engagement.   22. Andreas  Loverdos  requested  several  changes  be  made  to  the  report.    Many  of  those changes referred to substituting the “the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia” for “the FYR of Macedonia used in the report.  In response, Vahit Erdem noted that “the FYR of Macedonia*” was adopted by the Standing Committee for use in NATO Parliamentary Assembly documents and that he  would  continue  to  use  that  construction.    Esad  Rahic  submitted  in  writing  several  suggested changes to the report.  Vahit Erdem took the suggestions under consideration and will incorporate them as is appropriate. 23. The  draft  Report  [169  DSCFC  05  E]  was  adopted  with  the  changes  agreed  to  by  the Rapporteur. C. RESOLUTIONS 24. Julio Miranda-Calha introduced two draft Resolutions for the consideration of the committee.   The first urged member countries to minimize the use of national caveats, especially undeclared caveats. The  draft  Resolution  [194  DSC  05  E]  was  adopted  overwhelmingly  but  not  unanimously without amendment. 25. The second draft Resolution on Enhanced Common Funding for NATO operations generated more  discussion.    Gerd  Höfer   (DE)  submitted  several  amendments  for  consideration.    The Rapporteur accepted a few; the remainder were voted on and not adopted by the Committee. The   draft   amended   Resolution   [195   DSC   05   E]   was   adopted   overwhelmingly   but   not unanimously. D. ELECTIONS 26. Three  new  vice-presidents  of  the  committee  were  elected:  Joseph   A.   Day  (Canada), Maria Rosario Juaneda (Spain) and Furio Gubetti (Italy). Yani   Yanev   (Bulgaria)  and   Antonio Mereu   (Italy)  were  elected  vice-presidents  of  the  Sub- Committee on Transatlantic Defence and Security Cooperation. Jorge  Neto  (Portugal) was  elected  vice-president  of  the  Sub-Committee  on  Future  Security  and Defence Capabilities. Frank Cook (United Kingdom) was elected Rapporteur of the Sub-Committee on Future Security and Defence Capabilities. Jean-Guy Branger (France) was elected to the Ukraine-NATO Interparliamentary Council.   ___________