SC (05/2) 3 E Original: English SUPPLEMENTARY ITEM DRAFT RESOLUTION ON TERRORISM BY SUICIDE BOMBERS Principal Sponsor Senator Luigi COMPAGNA Italy WASHINGTON D.C., 1 TO 5 JULY 2005

Supplementary Item on terrorism by suicide bombers sponsored by Senator Luigi Compagna 1. Whereas  the  horror  of  historically  unprecedented  terrorist  violence  -  whose  purpose  is  to  kill and  massacre,  to  die  in  order  to  kill  more  people,  to  practise  the  cult  of  death,  to  express personal desperation only through death, to worship the god of death as their own - has given rise in some languages, appropriately or otherwise, to the term "kamikaze terrorism"; 2. recalling  that  in  the  opinion  of  the  1986  Nobel  Peace  Prize  Laureate,  Elie  Wiesel,  unlike  the Japanese soldiers who, towards the end of the Second World War chose to sacrifice their lives by  attacking  exclusively  military  targets,  today's  suicide  terrorists  prefer  to  attack  defenceless and  unarmed  civilians,  children  and  women,  in  order  to  inculcate  in  the  minds  of  individuals and the masses a total, in many respects worse than racist, aversion to the "enemy/infidel", and to totally dehumanise conflicts; 3. denouncing  the  fact  that  some  leaders  of  terrorist  groups  (Al  Qaeda,  Hamas,  Hezbollah,  the Islamic Army in Iraq, and so on) approve, encourage and extol in these mass murders, without hesitating   to   endow   them   with   a   value,   based   above   all   on   a   hate-filled   and   distorted interpretation of certain sacred texts; 4. noting that - while the Muslim community, on the whole, has always tended to reject all forms of violence and fanaticism - a growing number of people, often very young, are being induced to  rethink  the  prescriptions  of  the  Koran  in  the  light  of  the  mysticism  of  suicidal  terrorism which, by that token, is alien to the Koran and to Islam; 5. recalling that the most devastating terrorist attacks perpetrated in the world in the past few years have  been  committed  against  this  disturbing  background:  the  immense  tragedy  in  New  York and Washington on 11 September 2001, the Madrid attacks on 11 March 2004, and the heinous attacks  in  various  places  in  Israel,  Russia,  the  Philippines,  India,  Pakistan,  Afghanistan,  Iraq, and the massacres in Bali, Casablanca, Istanbul and Jakarta; 6. noting that a firm warning against terrorism was significantly uttered by the Holy Father, John Paul  II,  who  on  numerous  occasions  stated  that  "Those  who  kill  by  acts  of  terrorism  actually despair  of  humanity,  of  life,  of  the  future"  (message  of  his  Holiness  John  Paul  II  to  celebrate World Peace Day, 1 January 2002); 7. agreeing  in  this  same  perspective,  that  the  Simon  Wiesenthal  Centre,  which  for  decades  has been committed to promoting religious tolerance and to combating anti-Semitism, has explicitly promoted a mobilisation campaign to get the international community to recognise that terrorist suicide attacks are real "crimes against humanity"; 8. considering  that  dealing  in  death  in  this  manner  is  a  blatant  attack  on  the  most  elementary human rights and on the international legal order, because it constitutes an intolerable violation of "the general principles of law recognized by civilized nations" (article 38(I)(c) of the Statute of  the  United  Nations  International  Court  of  Justice),  by  virtue  of  which  human  life  enjoys universal protection; 9. considering also that the Statute of the International Criminal Court (approved by the Treaty of Rome of 17 July 1998)  marked a major milestone in the historical process of establishing the

legal notion of crimes against humanity as a category in their own right, confirmed for over 50 years  in  International  customary  law,  as  crimes  forming  part  of  the  so-called  jus  cogens;  and that these are therefore crimes for which the law can admit of no exception, and to which the guarantees  provided  for  political  crimes,  or  for  time-barring,  immunity  and  circumstances exempting from responsibility do not apply, and that they are subject to universal jurisdiction, such  that  all  States  are  duty-bound  to  prosecute  or  extradite  the  guilty,  regardless  of  the nationality of the guilty parties and the place in which the crime is committed; 10. noting,  however,  that  the  Statute  did  not  expressly  include  in  this  category  of  crimes  acts  of terrorism, due to contingent negotiating reasons of a political/diplomatic nature; 11. recalling,  lastly,  that  the  OSCE  Assembly  in  its  Berlin  Declaration  adopted  in  July  2002 specifically  addressed  this  issue  in  paragraph  93  of  the  Declaration,  urging  "all  participating States  to  ratify  the  statute  for  the  International  Criminal  Court,  and  to  seek  broadening  of  its scope to include terrorist crimes"; The Parliamentary Assembly of the OSCE: 12. considers  that  also  in  the  light  of  the  provisions  solemnly  sanctioned  by  the  Statute  of  the International  Criminal  Court,  it  must  be  agreed  that  suicide  attacks  of  the  terrorist  nature constitute  "crimes  against  humanity"  in  that  they  are  deliberately  committed  "  as  part  of  a widespread  or  systematic  attack  directed  against  any  civilian  population"  which  involves  the multiple commission of murders of defenceless civilians "pursuant to or in furtherance of (...) organizational  policy  to  commit  such  attack  "  (Art.7(I)  of  the  Statute  of  the  International Criminal Court); 13. expresses forcefully this conviction, also because the "closing provision" of subparagraph k) of article 7 of the Statute of the  International Criminal Court, includes among the crimes against humanity  "other  inhumane  acts  of  a  similar  character  intentionally  causing  great  suffering,  or serious injury to body or to mental or physical health"; 14. expresses  the  hope  that  the  OSCE  member  states  will  make  representations  before  the  United Nations General Assembly, clearly and unequivocally, that terrorist acts committed by suicide attacks  are,  for  all  the  intents  and  purposes  of  current  international  law,  very  serious  "crimes against  humanity"  that  cannot  be  time-barred,  for  which  the  leaders  of  the  States  and  groups which  order  or  facilitate  their  commission  must  be  called  to  account  before  the  international courts responsible for prosecuting universal crimes; 15. supports  the  recent  position  adopted  by  the  Council  of  Europe  Parliamentary  Assembly  in  its Resolution  1400  of  6  October  2004,  stating  that  "Every  act  of  terrorism...  is  a  challenge  to democracy  and  must  be  considered  a  crime  against  humanity",  and  calls  on  all  the  OSCE member   states   of   the   Council   of   Europe   to   adopt   and   implement   the   fundamental   1977 European Convention on the Suppression of Terrorism; 16. endorses  the  "Guidelines  on  Human  Rights  and  the  Fight  Against  Terrorism"  adopted  on  11 July  2002  by  the  Committee  of  Ministers  of  the  Council  of  Europe,  considering  in  particular that   every   action   to   combat   terrorism   must   be   taken   in   respect   for   human   rights   and fundamental freedoms, as stated in the Resolution on Human Rights and the War on Terrorism adopted by the OSCE Assembly at its Berlin session in July 2002;

17. requests that, according to the binding commitments set out in the fundamental United Nations Security Council Resolution 1373, adopted in the wake of the 11 September 2001 tragedy, any OSCE member states that have not yet done so, namely 30 out of 55, ratify and implement the 12 United Nations Conventions and the relevant Protocols on combating terrorism, as expressly requested  in  the  OSCE  Bucharest  Plan  of  Action  For  Combating  Terrorism,  adopted  by  the Ministerial Council in December 2001, which recognised this set of international agreements as being "the basis for the global legal framework for the fight against terrorism"; 18. endorses the affirmation in the Statement on Preventing and Combating Terrorism adopted by the  Sofia  Ministerial  Council  in  December  2004  that  "the  OSCE  efforts  to  counter  terrorist threats should be taken in all OSCE dimensions, the security dimension, including the political- military area, the economic and environmental dimension, and the human dimension"; 19. requests  -  in  the  knowledge  that  the  OSCE's  comprehensive  approach  to  security  gives  the organisation  a  comparative  advantage  in  addressing  factors  across  the  OSCE  dimensions  that may  engender  terrorism  -  the  implementation  of  the  activities  put  into  place  within  ATU,  the OSCE  Action  against  Terrorism  Unit,  instituted  in  2002  to  report  to  the  Secretary  General, above all in order to step up the coordination of all the Organisation's operational instruments to counter terrorism; and 20. Welcomes the commitments recently undertaken by the governments of the OSCE in the matter of combating terrorism, and in particular those set out in the OSCE Charter on Preventing and Combating  Terrorism  and  in  the  Decision  on  Implementing  the  OSCE  Commitments  and Activities  on  Combating  Terrorism,  as  adopted  by  the  Porto  Ministerial  Councils  in  2002,  in which,  among  other  things,  the  SALW  (Small  Arms  and   Light  Weapons)  Programme  is indicated as a priority area of interstate cooperation.

AMENDMENT TO SUPPLEMENTARY ITEM ON TERRORISM BY SUICIDE BOMBERS [Set out text of Amendment here:] Principal Sponsor: Mr/Mrs Family Name in Capital Letters Country Signature Co-sponsored by: Mr/Mrs Family Name in Capital Letters Country Signature