B 113 - 2015-16 - Foreløbigt svar på spørgsmål 2: Spm. om at oplysninger om hvor stort omfanget er af kopiering af ophavsretsligt beskyttede værker på alle typer af platforme i dag i forhold til tidligere, til kulturministeren

Kulturudvalget 2015-16
B 113
Offentligt

MAIN FINDINGS OF THE 2014

PRIVATE COPYING SURVEY

■

The survey investigated the total quantity of private copying in Finland.

■

Material covered by legal private copying is copied by every third Finn.

■

The Finns copied altogether 458-525 million files of legal private copies.

■

In the 2013 survey the estimate of private copying was 587-725 million files.

■

During the surveys implemented in 2012-2014 the streaming services of

music and audiovisual content, like Spotify and Netflix, have become much

more widespread. The continuous increase of new services is likely to

have had an effect on the decrease of copying in the survey of 2014. In the

surveys of 2012-2013 the amount of copying did not decrease,

but rather increased slightly.

■

Mobile phone, computer, MP3-player and USB flash-drive are the most

common devices into which music content is copied. Copying of video

content is most commonly done to recordable set-top boxes and computers.

■

The most common original source of copied music is original CD

and when copying videos, a TV-broadcast, in other words

private copying from legal sources.

■

The consumers use various services in a very versatile way

and new services have emerged alongside the old habits

of consumption, not as their replacement.

B 113 - 2015-16 - Foreløbigt svar på spørgsmål 2: Spm. om at oplysninger om hvor stort omfanget er af kopiering af ophavsretsligt beskyttede værker på alle typer af platforme i dag i forhold til tidligere, til kulturministeren

Original CD’s and TV recordings,

CD’s borrowed from the library

Material copied from friends/family

members, material copied from

CD-R and DVD-R discs

not be clarified by the survey, the estimate of total amount of private

copying is between 458 and 525 million copied files (picture 1 and

table 1).

In the 2013 survey the estimate of amount of private copying was

587-725 million files. The estimate of total amount of private copying

has decreased from 2013. When other known sources are included,

the total amount of copying is annually 840.000 million files per year.

Music is most often copied from original CD’s (29 % of respond-

ents, margin of error ±2.9 %) and video files from television (73 %

of respondents, margin of error ±2.8 %). The most common devices

onto which music content is copied are mobile phones, computers

and Mp3-players. Video files are most often copied onto a recordable

set-top box.

According to the survey 3.8 million Finns between the ages of 15-79

(margin of error ±1.1 %) have a computer for their private use, 3.4

million (margin of error ±1.4 %) have a USB flash-drive and 3.1 million

(margin of error ±1.6 %) have a mobile phone on which music files

can be saved. Over 1.7 million Finns (margin of error ±1.8 %) have an

Mp3-player or iPod. The use of tablet devices has still increased signif-

icantly inside one year, now almost 1.8 million Finns (margin of error

±1.8 %) have such a device. In the previous year over a million Finns

said they use a tablet device.

The number of users of streaming services has also increased further

from the year 2013. Almost 1.4 million Finns (margin of error ±1.7 %)

use either Spotify or some other similar streaming service (in 2013

there were 1.1. million users).

The use of internet cloud storage services (like Dropbox, Google

Drive, iCloud, Microsoft Skydrive etc.) has also clearly increased, these

services are used by 1.3 million (margin of error ±1.7 %) Finns (in 2013

there were 760 000 users). Over 900 000 Finns (margin of error ±1.4

%) use Netfilix, HBO Nordic, Viaplay or some other monthly charged

subscription VOD service. In 2013 500 000 Finns reported using

monthly charged VOD services.

The survey also investigated the consumer behaviour of Finns regard-

ing music and video material. Radio is by far the most popular source

of listened music. Radio is used by 95% of the Finns who listen to mu-

sic. Physical recordings are the second most usual way of consuming

music, but the more active listeners already use Youtube more often

than recordings as their source of music. 54% of Finns listen to music

from Youtube monthly, when physical recordings are listened to by

40%. Of the users of Youtube and streaming services, however, 90%

still listens to physical recordings.

95% of Finns watch live TV broadcasts. Internet TV broadcasts are

watched by 60% and material saved on recordable set-top boxes by

47%. Of those who use Internet TV, online storage services and VOD

streaming, 95% also watch TV as live broadcasts. Likewise, a larger

proportion of the users of these services save TV content on recorda-

ble set-top boxes, than Finns on average. The consumers use various

services in a very versatile way and for the time being new services

exist alongside the old ones.

Picture 1. Total amount of private copying in 2012 – 2014.

Taloustutkimus 2014.

Total amount of private copying in 2012 – 2014

Taloustutkimus Oy has implemented the private copying survey of

2014 by commission of the Private Copying Levy Advisory Com-

mittee. The Private Copying Levy Advisory Committee is an organ

assembled by Teosto, which includes representatives from copyright

societies, consumer authorities, device manufacturers and import-

ers, as well as the Ministry of Education and Culture, the Ministry

of Employment and Economy and the Ministry of Transport and

Communications. The survey was ordered by Private Copying Unit of

Teosto, which administrates private copying remuneration system in

Finland.

The questionnaires are designed by a research group operating

under the Private Copying Levy Advisory Committee assembled by

Teosto. Representatives for the research group have been set by the

Confederation of Finnish Industries, Finnish Electronic Wholesalers

ETK, IFPI Finland, Kopiosto, Luovan työn tekijät ja yrittäjät LYHTY,

Nokia Oyj, Teosto and Tuotos.

The main objective of the survey was to determine the amount of

private copying in Finland. Similar information was recently gathered

in 2013 by Taloustutkimus. The survey also gives a comprehensive

picture of the use of entertainment electronics by the Finnish popu-

lation. The results of the survey implemented by Taloustutkimus Oy

are based on a broad sample representing the population, over 3000

Finns between the ages 15-79 were interviewed face-to-face.

Based on the results of the survey, altogether 1.6 million Finns (mar-

gin of error is +2.5

% at confidence level of 95%) copy music, movies

and TV-programs for private use. According to the survey the total

amount of private copying is approximately 458-525 million music

and video files.

All other copying, except the legal private copying defined by the

– for example self-made material, illegal downloading and copies

which have been paid for through other means (e.g. iTunes). The law

also allows copying for friends and family members. 67 million files

of material are annually copied from friends and family members, or

from CD-R and DVD-R discs. Because the origin of these files could

How the survey was conducted?

The survey was conducted by face-to-face

interviews as part of Taloustutkimus Omni-

bus consumer survey. The questions were

included in three consecutive rounds of Om-

nibus; they were presented to altogether

3056 respondents. The target group comp-

rised of 15-79 year old Finnish consumers,

excluding Åland.

The sample was created through quota

sampling, in which the target groups’

distributions of age, gender, as well as the

distribution of county and municipality type

Table 1. Total amount of private copying by source in 2012-2014.Taloustutkimus 2014

were the determining quotas. The sample

was weighted to correspond with the target group. The weighted

What is the definition of legal

N-figures correspond to the Finnish 15-79 year old population in

private copying in the survey?

thousands (Official Statistics of Finland, 31st December 2012).

Legal private copying in this survey means the copying of music and

videos from original sources (original CD’s, TV-broadcasts). The law

also allows copying from friends and family members. Because the

interviews are not capable of providing conclusive information about

the origin of the music copied from friends and family members, the

estimate of the total amount of copying is presented as an estimate

between two figures, the lower end including copying from original

sources only and the upper end a figure also including material copied

from friends and family members, as well as music copied from CD-R

and DVD-R discs.

The interviews were conducted between 19th March and 6th April,

10th and 28th April as well as 28th April and 18th May 2014. The

interviews were conducted by interviewers trained by Taloustutki-

mus, 49 interviewers in the first round, 47 in the second round and 47

in the third round. In the first round the interviews were conducted

at 98 localities (58 cities and 40 other municipalities), in the second

round at 96 localities (51 cities and 45 municipalities) and in the third

round at 100 localities (58 cities and 42 municipalities).

The output was done by using the T-test which tests whether each

tabulated background variable differs from other respondents more

than the amount of random variation at confidence level of 95%. The

Licensed material bought online, material downloaded from illegal

sources and automatic back-up copying have been demarcated outside survey includes a calculated estimate on the total amount of files

copied per year, using weighted coefficients to represent the popu-

private copying. The question setting of the survey also excludes

lation. The estimate has been calculated according to the number of

self-made music; self taped videos or other self-made video material,

copies made during the latest occasion of copying by the respondent

as well as the copying of music or video material for professional use.

and a coefficient to express the respondents copying frequency.

The Copyright Act enables everyone in Finland to have the legal right

to copy published works e.g. music, movies and TV programs for pri-

vate use. The private copying remuneration system has been decreed

to ensure a fair compensation for authors, performers and producers

for the private copying of their works.

The private copying remuneration system, based on the EU Copyright

Directive and the Finnish Copyright Act, ensures that consumers have

a legal and easy way to copy the works of their choice to the devices

brought to market by manufacturers and importers. According to the

copying should be taken into account, when setting tariffs for private

copying levies.

Taloustutkimus Oy is a Finnish full-service market

research company established in 1971. Taloustutkimus

employs approximately 100 full-time market research

professionals in Finland and about 300 interviewers

around the country. In addition to the headquarters in

Helsinki, there are regional offices in Tampere, Turku

and Oulu. The company has foreign subsidiaries and

affiliate companies in Russia and all the Baltic count-

ries. Taloustutkimus is a member of international

GIA/WIN-network, which operates in over

72 countries.

Taloustutkimus follows the research standards embo-

died by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)

and the European Society for Opinion and Marketing

Research (ESOMAR) in all its research activities. The

company also uses a quality system according to

ISO 9001:2008 standard, as well as an international

market research industry standard ISO 20252, both of

which have been certified by SGS Finland.

TALOUSTUTKIMUS OY,

Y-tunnus 0114711-9

Business ID FI01147119

www.taloustutkimus.fi

tel. +358 10 758 511